EPIGENETICS AND CANCER JILLIAN FROELICK, GRACE LEMPP, NIKHIL UMESH, PAIGE TUMMONS.
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Transcript of EPIGENETICS AND CANCER JILLIAN FROELICK, GRACE LEMPP, NIKHIL UMESH, PAIGE TUMMONS.
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EPIGENETI
CS
AND CANCER
J IL L I A
N F
RO
E L I CK ,
GRAC
E LEM
P P ,
NI K
HI L
UM
E SH,
PA I GE T
UM
MO
NS
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THERE ARE 3 MAIN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THEY ARE…
DNA METHYLATIONHISTONE ACETYLATIONAND NON-CODING RNA
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IN THE METHYLATION OF A TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE…
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1. A methyl group
attaches directly to the
gene.
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2.The tumor-suppressor
gene can’t be transcribed because
the transcription complex can’t bind.
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3. With the tumor-
suppressor gene inactivated, cell
division isn’t regulated.
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4.
Cancer cells are able to
multiply.
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WHEN DNA HISTONES OF A TUMOR-
SUPPRESSOR GENE ARE DEACETYLATED…
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1. An acetyl group is
removed from the lysine of a histone
tail.
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2. Chromatin, which was
previously loose, is now tightly compacted.
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3. The tumor-suppressor
gene cannot be transcribed.
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4.
Cancer cells are able to
multiply.
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WHEN MICRORNA PREVENTS
TRANSLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES…
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1. It downregulates methyltransferases,
preventing the methylation of tumor-
suppressor genes.
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2. A decrease in
microRNA allows methyltransferase to methylate DNA.
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3.Methylation of a tumor-suppressor gene allows
for uncontrolled cell growth.
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4.
Cancer cells are able to
multiply.
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EPIGENETIC THERAPY
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Utilizes DNA methylation inhibitors to reverse DNA
methylation in tumor-suppressor
genes.
1.
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2. Uses histone deacetylase (HDAC)
inhibitors to prevent the
deacetylation of histones bound to tumor suppressor
genes.
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CONCLUSION