Epidemiology lecture 4 death rates
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Transcript of Epidemiology lecture 4 death rates
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Lecture 4Death Rates
Learning Objectives
1. Understand specific and proportional death
rates
2. Understand the need for standardization
3. Describe the TWO methods of
standardization
4. Calculate age-standardized death rates.
Crude death rate
Number of deaths during the year
Mid-year populationX 1000
What is the disadvantage of a crude death rate?
Population AAge group Population No. of
deaths
0-15 300 315-60 200 1>60 500 5Total 1000 9
Age group Population No. of deaths
0-15 100 115-60 800 4>60 100 1Total 1000 6
Population B
Specific Death Rates
• Cause or disease specific• Age-specific• Sex-specific• Age and sex-specific• Related to specific groups (Remember
incidence rates for smokers, ex-smokers, never-smokers????)
Age-specific death rate
Total number of deaths in a specified age group in a defined area during a specified period
Mid-year population of the specified age groupX 1000
EXERCISE 1• Calculate age-specific death rate for the age group 20-
30 years and compare it with the crude death rate.
Age group Population Number of deaths
0-10 200 410-20 300 320-30 300 230-40 350 340-50 400 550-60 250 760-70 150 570-80 50 7Total 2000 36
6.67
18
Sex-specific death rate
Total number of deaths in males (or females) in a defined area during a specified period
Mid-year population of males (or females)X 1000
EXERCISE 2
• In the year 2013, the mid-year population of a town was 100,000. Calculate the specific death rate for males in the town for the year 2013, given that:– Number of male deaths in 2013=500– Sex ratio=1000 males per 1000 females.
10
Disease-specific death rate
Total number of deaths due to a disease (e.g., Cancers) in a defined area during a specified
period
Mid-year populationX 1000
EXERCISE 3
• The mid-year population during 2013 was 50000. The number of deaths during this year was 600 out of which 50 died due to cancer. Calculate:– The crude death rate.– Specific death rate due to cancer.
121
Proportional Mortality
• The number of deaths from a given cause per 100 or 1000 total deaths in the same period.
• Relative importance of specific disease or disease group, as a cause of death.
EXERCISE 4Number of deaths for Leading Causes of Death – United States, 2003
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 6
EXERCISE 6
EXERCISE 6