Enzyme Reactions
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Transcript of Enzyme Reactions
Enzyme Reactions
Enzyme Characteristics
• Most often are proteins
• Biological catalysts – speeds up chemical reactions
• Reusable – Used in multiple reactions• Summer t-shirt
• Specific – One type of enzyme for one type of reaction
Enzyme substrate reactionsSubstrate: Substance that the enzyme is working on
Active Site: Location where enzyme attaches to the substrate
Enzyme Example: Salivase
• Found in saliva
• Begins the digestive process of carbohydrates in the mouth
• Makes it easier for carbohydrates to be digested– Process would NOT start and
probably would not finish if salivase was absent = Too much energy would be needed!!!
How Enzymes Work
Reaction
Energy
Plot of the Story: You need a lot of energy to begin a chemical reaction
Activation Energy
How Enzymes Work
Reaction
Energy
Enzymes reduce the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction
How Enzymes Work
Reaction
Energy
Less energy is used to conduct the reaction so more reactions may occur thanks to an enzyme
Our Hero!
Another Enzyme Example
• The Dilemma: How do we move these cinder blocks from my room to Mr. Hobb’s room?
• Possible Solutions???
Enzyme Example: Take 2
Typical Ways Enzymes WorkEnzymes may
hold two molecules together in a specific way so that they can react
Example: Dehydration synthesis
Typical Ways Enzymes Work
Enzymes may twist molecules
into more reactive forms
Typical Ways Enzymes Work
Enzymes can break apart macromolecules into monomers
Ex. Hydrolysis
Factors that limit enzyme-substrate reactions
• Amount of Substrate– When all substrate is used up, the reaction stops
• Temperature– Most enzymes in our body function best at 37C– Hotter temperatures may destroy the enzymes
Another Enzyme Example: The Pancreas
• Function: Secrete enzymes to break down macromolecules during digestion
• Importance: Without these enzymes we would not be able to break down food sufficiently to monomeric units
Pancreatic Enzymes: 4 Types
• Proteasis – Proteins
• Lipases – Lipids
• Carbohydrases – Carbohydrates
• Nucleasis – Nucleic Acids
Jell-O• Jell-O contains a
protein called GELATIN which causes Jell-O to gel
Without Gelatin, Jell-O would fail to gel and you would have liquid Jell-O
Jell-O Continued
• Certain Fruits contain enzymes known as proteases that destroy gelatin
ProteaseLiquid Jell-O
Jell-O Continued
• Certain dish and laundry soaps have incorporated these fruit derived enzymes in efforts to remove stains from dishes and clothing
Jell-O
• In today’s lab we are going to investigate which fruits contain these enzymes
• You will be working by yourself on this one• You will need to include the following sections in
your report– Introduction– Methods– Results: A table indicating whether or not a fruit
contains enzymes– Conclusion
The Fruits of Interest
• Apple
• Banana
• Pineapple
• Kiwi
• Orange
• Lime