A . H . L U N D B ER G S Y ST E M S L I M I T E DEngineered Process Solutions

Suite 300, 5118 Joyce Street, Vancouver, BC Canada V5R 4H1 � PH: 604-629-5599 � FX: 604-629-5199 � WEB: www.ahlundberg.com

Environmental Systems

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Suite 300, 5118 Joyce Street, Vancouver, BC Canada V5R 4H1 Ë PH: 604-629-5599 Ë FX: 604-629-5199 Ë www.ahlundberg.com

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S* Introduction

* Expertise Overview

* Engineering Services

* Air Pollution RemediationWaste Gas Conditioning & TransportIndustrial Flares & IncineratorsDirect Thermal OxidizersHigh Temperature Injection NozzlesRegenerative & Catalytic Thermal OxidizersVenturi ScrubbersPacked Tower ScrubbersSpray Tower ScrubbersWet Electrostatic precipitators

* Waste Water Remediation SystemsSpecialty ColumnsCondensate StrippingDecantingpH NeutralizationEvaporation

* Company Locations & Contact Information

INTRODUCTION

. . . .The product is greater than the sum of its parts.

Excellence: time-tested and proven.

From modest beginnings in 1954, A.H. Lundberg Systems has

evolved into a leading designer of environmental systems,

energy optimization, chemical handling, and process

engineering services to power, resource, and processing

industries.

We are a Canadian company with corporate offices located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Through our Vancouver office and our network of agents and representatives, we provide solutions to industrial

enterprises worldwide. Our commitment to these

industries over the years and the experience of our staff

give us the expertise that our clients have come to rely

upon. Continuous involvement in limited areas permit us to

offer specialized services utilizing the latest state-of-the-art

technology.

Working with A.H. Lundberg Systems means working with a

company that takes care of every aspect of a project. We

understand how integrated systems can interact and how they

may affect one another. Building upon years of experience, we

continually provide new solutions to plant needs, expanding on

what has been done before.

A.H. Lundberg Systems’ capabilities do not stop with process

knowledge. We have the resources to perform every element

of an EPC project, tailoring our scope and project team to

meet the specific needs of the client, looking carefully at every

aspect to find the best fit and develop the most cost effective

solution.

The ability to adjust our scope to meet project needs allows our

clients to efficiently utilize existing plant resources and

expertise in conjunction with ours.

Our innovative ways include not only what we do, but also how

we do it. Our knowledge gives us the flexibility to adjust the

system design, or the implementation of the project, to provide

the customized solution required.

The proper scoping of a project, the ability to tie multiple

systems together that are diverse, yet interrelated, and building

the proper project team are all ingredients assuring overall

success. We are committed to the goal of providing a

technically advanced, high quality, economical, safe and

reliable installation.

Our goals are to meet your needs for technically advanced, high

quality, cost effective, safe and reliable system design and

engineering services. Our customers have come to understand

and appreciate these goals and our commitment to the industries

we serve. We have built and maintained relationships on

integrity and trust.

With A.H. Lundberg Systems you will experience the same

project success whether you need to implement a single system

component or an EPC solution involving multiple system

integration.

ENGINEERING SERVICES

Engineering Studies/Audits

A.H. Lundberg Systems is often requested to perform an audit

on an existing plant system for a number of purposes including

increasing system capacity, system safety, system efficiency,

improve stability of ease of operation, trouble shooting and

interfacing one system with another or future system. Each

audit is tailored to the specific need of the client and may

comprise a number of the areas listed above.

Our specialty is the process knowledge of the technology we

provide. We utilize this technology to benefit a plant in the

review of individual systems including all types of waste gas

handling systems, condensate/sour water stripping systems,

evaporator systems, and heat transfer systems.

Process Engineering

Process engineering provided by A.H. Lundberg Systems

typically includes process flow diagrams, piping and

instrument diagrams, customer vessel drawings, pump

specifications, instrument specifications, typical general

arrangements, assembly drawings (if appropriate) and

operating and maintenance manuals. Drawings such as the

piping and instrumentation diagrams and instrument

specifications can be done on plant title blocks using standard

symbolism and specifications.

Operating and maintenance manuals are indevidualized for the

given process and plant requirements. Detailed information on

all supplied equipment is included, in addition to a detailed

description of all instrumentation.

Project Engineering

A.H. Lundberg Systems can provide detailed engineering

services for the installation of the project so that installation

may be done by the plant using internal personnel or local

contractors. A.H. Lundberg Systems has the capability to do the

complete detailed engineering in house using our own engineers

knowledgeable for the process to be installed.

The detailed engineering services that A.H. Lundberg Systems

can provide include civil and structural design, mechanical

design, electrical and instrumentation engineering, demolition

detailing and piping design. We also can provide an erection

advisor to oversee the process installation of the system.

Full Project Turnkey

The project may be as small as the replacement or retube of a

heat exchanger up to a complete multiple effect evaporator

system. Every major system that we provide is suitable for

installation on a turnkey basis.

A.H. Lundberg Systems will utilize existing plant specifications

where applicable and where absent, we generate new

specifications for plant approval. Further, the project will utilize

plant preferred equipment and suppliers as well as utilizing

local vendors that provide support to the plant.

A.H. Lundberg Systems has the capability to perform all of the

major engineering disciplines in house including process

engineering, mechanical design, structural design, electrical

engineering and piping design.

ENVIRONMENTAL

. . . . Safety. Reliability. Efficiency.

Environmental Management Systems . . . .

Whether there are new local regulations, stricternational requirements, or more demanding corporategood neighbor policies, the end requirement is tosafely and efficiently maintain your goodenvironmental citizenship status.

Long after the project is complete, we continue toprovide you with access to the latest safety andcompliance technology. This commitment has madeA.H. Lundberg Systems a leading designer ofenvironmental systems for flue gas remediation,process waste gas handling, process condensatesegregation, and foul condensate stripping.

Environmental compliance is a never endingchallenge for industrial facilities throughout theworld. Addressing these ever changing regulationsis something at which A.H. Lundberg Systemsexcels.

We have been supplying safe and reliable solutionsfor decades. Our systems have exceeded allrequirements at every location. The emphasis is toprovide safe and reliable systems that areeconomically viable, allowing you to focus onmaking the overall plant operation profitable.

AIR POLLUTION REMEDIATION

A.H. Lundberg has over 50 years of experience in remediation of

process waste gas discharges. Installations range from complete

plant-wide system integration of the air pollution equipment,

system add-ons and retrofits, and the engineering and design of

upgrades to meet progressively more stringent emissions

requirements.

Waste gas pollutants we have addressed include air-born

particulate matter, acid mist, volatile organic hydrocarbons,

inorganic gases, and combinations of these hazardous air

pollutants.

Our system design and supply capabilities include source

collection, transport, gas conditioning, and destruction, or

recovery of the pollutants.

Waste Gas Conditioning & Transport

Conveying of the gases may be done by using steam or gas

motivated ejectors, fans, pressure blowers, or liquid ring pumps.

Direct Thermal Oxidizers

Where thermal oxidation of the pollutant is the desired control

technology, our incinerators are provided to meet every

regulatory requirement for destruction of volatile organic

2 xhydrocarbons (VOC), CO, SO , NO and particulate emissions.

Regenerative & Catalytic Thermal Oxidizers

Although thermal oxidation is recognized as the best solution to

destroy VOCs, the challenge is to minimize fuel and operating

costs of the process.

The GeoTherm and GeoCat regenerative Thermal Oxidizers

provide a destruction efficiency of 98 to 99% of the VOCs at a

thermal efficiency of up to 95%.

Both GeoTherm and GeoCat units have been applied with

excellent success to a wide variety of industrial process such as

wood dryer exhaust, printing, chemical processing, tire cord

manufacturing, coating processes, and insulation manufacturing.

Wet Electrostatic Precipitator

Our Geoenergy E-Tube wet

electrostatic precipitator provides a state-of-the-art solution to

the highest possible efficiency in the collection of sub-micron

particulate, fumes, condensible organic aerosols, and acid mist.

Wet Scrubbers

A.H. Lundberg designs and supplies venturi scrubbers to

remove particulate mater from air streams, packed tower

scrubbers to absorb a gaseous component of the air stream, and

spray tower scrubbers to achieve absorption of a gaseous

component of the air stream where particulate or fouling are

also of concern.

Each scrubber is designed to meet the requirements of the

specific application, and to meet regulatory guidelines.

WASTE GAS CONDITIONING SYSTEMSVAPOUR RECOVERY UNITS

A. H. Lundberg has 50 years of experience with

vapour collection and conditioning, and

destruction of all types of waste gases,

including:

• Low Concentration High Volume TRS

• High Concentration Low Volume TRS

• Stripper Reflux Gas

• Evaporator Foul Condensate Off-gases

• Miscellaneous System Vents

• Vessel Evacuation Venting

• Tank Farm Venting

Our experience includes complete plant-wide

system integration of the required systems,

system add-ons and retrofits, and the

engineering and design of upgrades to meet

progressively more stringent emissions

requirements.

At Lundberg we will work with you to

determine which non-condensible gas sources

need to be collected and how to minimize the

volume of vent gases from each of these sources.

Our system design and supply capabilities

include source co llec t ion , t ransport ,

conditioning, and gas destruction.

Each system is designed to include the required

conditioning to suit process purposes.

These may include:

• De-humidification and mist elimination

• Condensate removal, handling, and disposal

• Gas conveying design

• Reheating

• In-line chemical scrubbing

• Transfer stations between primary and

secondary (back-up) incineration points, if

required.

Conveying of the gases may be done using steam

or gas motivated ejectors, fans, pressure blowers,

or liquid ring pumps.

Incineration of the gases may be done by injection

into kilns, flares, regenerative thermal oxidizers,

dedicated thermal oxidizers, or existing boilers.

Alternately, we can provide packed tower or spray

scrubbers to chemically absorb the contaminant for

recovery or disposal.

Our past experience and innovative design ideas

allow us to provide our customers a system

designed to operate safely and reliably.

INDUSTRIAL FLARES & INCINERATORS

Flaring is a high-temperature oxidationprocess used to burn combustiblecomponents, mostly hydrocarbons, of wastegases from industrial operations.

Flares are used extensively to dispose of:

• purged and wasted products fromrefineries

• unrecoverable gases emerging with oilfrom oil wells

• vented gases from blast furnaces• unused gases from coke ovens• gasesous waste from chemical industries

A.H. Lundberg offers two types of flares,elevated and ground flares. In elevatedflares, a waste gas stream is fed though astack up to 100 meters tall and is combustedat the tip of the stack. In ground flares,combustion occurs at ground level. Groundflares vary in complexity and may or maynot have enclosures.

A typical flare system consists of:

• A gas collection header and piping forcollecting gases from process units

• A knockout drum to remove and storecondensables and entrained liquids

• A proprietary seal, water seal or purgegas supply to prevent flash-back

• A single- or multiple-burner unit and aflare stack

• gas pilots and an ignitor to ignite themixture of waste gas and air

• Steam injection or forced air forsmokeless flaring

A.H. Lundberg open flare systems have adestruction removal efficiency (DRE) of98%. If higher destruction efficiencies arerequired, an enclosed flare would berequired.

Efficiencies of our enclosed flares andincinerators are up to 99.99% of VOCdestruction.

DIRECT THERMAL OXIDIZER

A.H. Lundberg Systems’ knowledge andexperience in the collection and transport of pulpmill noncondensible gas (NCG) streams have leddirectly to the development of specializedequipment for the treatment of waste process gasses.

The A.H. Lundberg Systems’ Direct Fired Oxidizer(DFO) has become the primary point for disposal ofthe waste gas streams for many clients in the pulpand paper industry.

The oxidizer is designed to thermally oxidize thecontaminants contained in the waste gases such asstrong (batch and continuous), dilute, and stripperoff gas.

Design Parameters:

• Thermal oxidation of all forms of waste gases.

x• Proven low NO combustion technology withstripper off gasses.

• Meets every regulatory requirement for TRS, CO,

2 xSO , NO , VOC and particulate emissions.• Low opacity design.• Heat recovery with medium or low pressure steam

generation.• High grade stainless steel vessel for hot gas

quenching.

2• Non-plugging spray tower for SO absorption.• Modular supply available.• More than 35 systems operating worldwide.

You can rely on the performance and operation of the A.H.Lundberg Systems’ DFO. We are the leading supplierwith the largest number of operating DFOs in the pulpand paper industry.

REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZERS

Operators of industrial processes that emitVOCs have long known that thermaloxidation is the best solution to employ inthe destruction of these emissions. Thechallenge, however, is minimizing fuel andoperating costs while destroying the VOCs.

A.H. Lundberg Systems’ GeoTherm®

Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers andGeoCat Regenerative Catalytic Oxidizers®

are a proven economical and energy-efficient family of technologies designed tomeet this challenge.

The GeoTherm and GeoCat designs weredeveloped by Geoenergy InternationalCorporation and are now part of theLundberg Systems family of environmentalcontrol products.

Both GeoTherm and GeoCat units have beenapplied with excellent success to a widevariety of industrial processes such as: • wood drying; including OSB, MDF,

Parralam, and plywood veneer.• coating processes.• tire cord manufacturing.• printing.• chemical processing.• insulation manufacturing.

The hallmark of the Geotherm and GeoCatdesigns is simplicity. Each system utilizestwin heat recovery chambers (or multiplesfor larger gas streams) and fast acting“poppet” valves to switch the direction ofthe gas stream in the heat recoverychambers.

This arrangement is the simplest available.Simplicity means ease of maintenance andhigh reliability.

Design Criteria:• 98 to 99% destruction efficiency.• Up to 95% thermal efficiency.• Heat exchange media designed to meet the

requirements of each application.• State-of-the-art controls custom designed

for each application.• Complete turnkey systems available.

PACKED TOWER SCRUBBERS

A.H. Lundberg packed bed scrubbers are

designed to absorb odors, VOCs, hydrocarbons,

acid mists, and various organic and/or inorganic

contaminants from a process gas stream.

Packed bed scrubbers are selected where a very

high removal efficiency (can exceed 99.9%) of

contaminant from the process gas stream is

required. They are typically arranged for

counter-current flow of the process gas to the

scrubbing liquid (liquor) to achieve maximum

absorption of the contaminant into the scrubbing

liquid.

The pollutant laden gas enters the tower near the

bottom and flows upward through a packed bed

of mass transfer media. Liquor, appropriate to

the process, is distributed evenly on top of the

packed bed by a spray header arrangement. The

media is selected to provide optimum wetted

surface area in contact with the gas flow and

may be of ceramic, metal, or plastic.

The intimate contact between the liquor and the

gas flow results in absorption of the pollutants

into the liquor as the gas flows upward through

the media bed.

A mist eliminator integrated into the top of the

tower provides high efficiency removal of any

aerosols entrained in the gas stream before the

cleaned gas exits the tower.

The scrubbing liquor flows downward into an

integral sump and is recycled back to the top of

the tower. To remain effective and non-fouling,

continuous partial removal (blowdown) and

scrubbing chemical addition (make-up) to the

recycled scrubbing liquor is required.

Standard materials of construction are 316L

stainless steel, high nickel stainless alloys,

titanium or other reactive metals, and fiberglass

reinforced plastics.

Care must be taken to insure the transfer of the

contaminant to the scrubbing liquid does not

result in a precipitate which could foul or plug the

media bed.

For gas flows requiring both particulate removal

and gas absorption, where precipitates may be

formed, or where the re-circulated scrubbing

liquid is an emulsion containing suspended solids,

the A.H. Lundberg spray tower scrubber may be

used.

SPRAY TOWER SCRUBBERS

A.H. Lundberg supplies air pollution control

systems on an engineering only basis, design and

supply basis, or a complete design, supply, and

erect basis, as requested.

We provide in-depth process knowledge and

engineering expertise in addition to offering a

complete system to meet the most stringent

environmental compliance regulations. Our

system design and supply capability includes

source collection, transport, quenching,

conditioning, and neutralization (or thermal

destruction) of waste gases.

The A.H. Lundberg spray tower scrubber is used

for gas flows requiring both particulate removal

and gas absorption, where precipitates may be

formed, or where the re-circulated scrubbing

liquid is an emulsion containing suspended

solids.

The spray tower scrubber system may also be

provided with integrated hot gas quenching and

vapour condensing, if necessary.

The pollutant laden gas enters the tower near the

bottom and flows upward through multiple spray

zones of scrubbing liquid (liquor), appropriate to

the process. The spray zones are arranged as a

series of headers and laterals each with multiple

spray nozzles designed to ensure complete

coverage of the cross sectional area of the

scrubber.

The resulting intimate contact between the

liquor and the gas flow ensures absorption of the

pollutants into the liquor as the gas flows

upward through the spray zones.

A mist eliminator integrated into the top of the

tower provides high efficiency removal of any

aerosols entrained in the gas stream before the

cleaned gas exits the tower. A fresh water spray

header provides intermittent removal of any salt

build-up on the mist eliminators.

The scrubbing liquor flows downward into an

integral (or external) sump and is recycled back

to the top of the tower. To remain effective and

non-fouling, continuous partial removal

(blowdown) and scrubbing chemical addition

(make-up) to the recycled scrubbing liquor is

required.

Standard materials of construction are 316L

stainless steel, high nickel stainless alloys, andtitanium or other reactive metals.

E-TUBE WET ESP

The collection of fine particulate emissions is oftenone of the most difficult environmental controlproblems faced by industry. These sub-micronparticles present a significant threat to human healthand are one of the leading causes of visibilitydegradation. Thus, there is increasing regulatorypressure to reduce the emission of these particles tothe environment. Industrial operators are looking fortechnologies that can meet this challenge atreasonable capital and operating costs.

The E-Tube Wet Electrostatic Precipitator is just®

such a technology. Developed by GeoenergyInternational Corporation, and now part of theLundberg Systems family of emission controlproducts, E-Tube Wet ESPs have been successfullyapplied to hundreds of tough particulate controlapplications around the world.

The E-Tube design features a proprietary disk-in-tube electrode configuration and state-of-the-art highfrequency power supply to maximize the totalelectric field and available power. This insures thehighest possible particulate collecting efficiency.

Systems include:• Process interconnecting ducting, as required• Hot gas quench systems, where required• Upstream and downstream chemical scrubbing,

where necessary• Integrated ducting to downstream thermal

oxidation systems (VOC control), wherenecessary

• Integrated water and treatment recycle systems

All E-Tube units are custom designed to suit theparticular needs of each client. Materials ofconstruction are tailored to the corrosion duty of eachapplication.

Turnkey installations are available.

Complete aftermarket service and spare parts areavailable.

WASTE WATER REMEDIATION

Water remediation requirements can include clarification

and/or filtration of suspended solids, pH neutralization of

acidic or alkali waste streams, demineralization, and removal

of hazardous organic contamination.

The requirements range from disposal allowance to reuse as

plant process water to recovery of valuable products in the

contaminated stream.

A.H. Lundberg offers process engineering, system design and

supply, and plant integration of several technologies to meet

these needs.

Strainers and Filters

Strainers and filters are used to remove suspended

contaminants from an aqueous, organic or gaseous stream in

order to produce a higher purity product.

Vessel geometry can be as simple as a single vessel or be

arranged as a multiple vessel system with automatic switch-

over and backwash. Continuous and intermittent automatic

backwash arrangements are also available.

Decanting

The decanter and storage tank is used where it is necessary to

remove an immiscible lower density fluid from another higher

density fluid. The decanter is sized to provide sufficient

residence time for the immiscible fluid to separate, then be

skimmed off and stored.

Steam Stripping

An effective method of treating process foul condensates (sour

water) contaminated with hazardous hydrocarbons, sulfides,

ammonia, methanol, and TRS is the distillation of the waste

water stream through steam stripping.

Every A. H. Lundberg Systems stripping system contains the

same basic components including a feed tank, filter, condensate

pre-heater, stripper column with rectification section and a

reflux condenser.

Evaporation

Purification of waste water streams through evaporation can

provide industrial facilities the opportunity to recapture and

reuse nearly all liquid waste streams.

Full demineralization of the waste water and zero liquid

discharge is available through the additional step of evaporative

crystallization of the dissolved contamination, providing the

plant with the opportunity to dispose of solid waste salts only.

SPECIALTY COLUMNS

Specialty columns include absorptiontowers, scrubbers, strippers, and distillationcolumns.

Depending on the application, the masstransfer media of the column can be trays,structured packing, random packing, orspray bars.

All towers are supplied complete with allinternals as required including masstransfer media, liquid distributor, liquid re-distributors, gas distributor, support plate,and packing hold-down grid.

All columns are custom designed for eachspecific process.

If required, the column can be ASME codedand designed for partial or full vacuum.

Features:• All internals, which can be disassembled

and removed via standard man-ways• Sight glasses• Access man-way• Flanged process connections• Instrument connections• Optional mist eliminator• Support skirt, legs, or lugs• Painting to plant standards. Columns are available in carbon steel,

stainless steels, exotic alloys, or FRP. Gasketsare specified to suit the service.

CONDENSATE STRIPPING

Methanol is classified by the U.S. EPA as ahazardous air pollutant (HAP). It is alsoidentified by the EPA as the surrogate for allHAPs for the purpose of collecting, and insome cases the treatment, of condensates inpulp mills utilizing the kraft process.

One of the designated methods for treatingkraft process condensates in the U.S. federalregulations is steam stripping. It is the mostproven and reliable means to treat processcondensates.

Due to condensate stripping being steamintensive, efficient heat recovery is essential.The heat can be recovered in the form ofprocess water heating, black liquor heating,black liquor evaporation or low pressuresteam generation.

The proper selection of heat recovery mayresult in little or no net increase in steamusage at your installation.

Design parameters:

• 95+% methanol removal

• 99+% TRS removal

• Rectification to 80+% methanol

concentration

• No red oil decanting required

• Methanol liquification, storage, and

handling as an auxiliary fuel is available

• Proven to meet all governmentalregulations in over 60 installationsworldwide

A.H. Lundberg Systems pioneered manyinnovations to remain the leading supplier ofcondensate stripping technology.

Working with our clients, we configure thesystem to meet the project objectives with theleast impact on the overall plant performanceand economy.

METHANOL PURIFICATION

Methanol Purification System The A.H. Lundberg Systems’ methanol purification system is a unique, patented process that produces streams of high purity methanol, de-hydrated stripper off-gas (SOG), and high quality stripped water from kraft pulp mill foul process condensates or refinery sour water streams.

As separate products, both the recovered methanol and the stripped condensate contribute operational and economic value to the plant.

The primary objective of the A.H. Lundberg Sys-tems’ Methanol Purification System is to provide recovered methanol that is of equal purity to “Technical Grade AA” commercially purchased methanol: 99.85% pure.

For example, the system shown in Figure 1 is capable of processing a SOG stream of up to 2000 kg/hr containing up to 700 kg/hr methanol. Turndown capability is in excess of 4:1 from design maximum flow. Larger system designs are available on demand.

At the current market price of $880/tonne, purified methanol is worth many times more as a chemical commodity compared to disposal by incineration, based on natural gas cost of $4.00/GJ. At the recovery rate in the example, this will provide savings of $3 to 4 Million per year.

Also, reuse of the cleaner stripped condensate reduces plant makeup water requirements and overall water load to the downstream treating facilities.

The A.H. Lundberg Systems’ Methanol Recovery System provides energy savings and environmental benefits to process industries disposing of effluent streams containing methanol.

Figure 1.

Call A.H. Lundberg Systems to discuss the economic and environmental benefits of methanol recovery and purification at your plant.

EVAPORATORS & CONCENTRATORS

Evaporator technology varies from tubes toplates, inside versus outside, and up, downor flooded. Systems may consist of only asingle effect or involve multiple effects.

Mechanical vapor re-compression, externalproduct pre-heaters, and multi-stagecondenser systems may be incorporated intothe process.

At Lundberg Systems we have theexpertise to look at all the different criteriato offer you the right solution. This comesfrom working with all types of liquids andsystems from pre-evaporators toconcentrators, and crystallizers with highproduct solids.

Design considerations:

• Tubular design for reduced maintenancerequirements.

• Rising film technology whereappropriate to minimize powerrequirements and capital costs.

• Falling film technology under morerigorous conditions.

• Flooded forced circulation technologywith enhanced flow characteristics forhigh solids applications.

• Positive non-condensible gas venting.

• Innovative condensate segregation.

• High efficiency entrainment separators toreduce chemical losses to the vapourstream.

• Integration of stripping systemsbenefitting from the multi-stageefficiency.

We build evaporators and concentrators insteel, austenitic and duplex stainless steels,high nickel alloys, and reactive metals.

Lundberg Systems offers the knowledge andexperience to be able to choose the besttechnology for each application.

CRYSTALLIZERS

Crystallizers are used to produce a solid crystals

product, typically a salt, by evaporating a

solvent, typically water, from a supersaturated

mixed suspension of crystals and liquor.

Lundberg’s crystallizer technology is a natural

development from our half century of experience

in multiple effect evaporators and high solids

concentrators. Systems may consist of single or

multiple effects.

Designs are typically based on forced circulation

with separate tubular heaters and vertical

cylindrical vapour heads with or without draft

tubes and settling tanks. Auxiliary equipment

includes circulation pumps, mist eliminators,

surface condenser, vacuum system, crystallizer

tank, and centrifuge.

Design considerations:

• Tubular design for ease of access and

reduced maintenance requirements.

• Forced circulation technology to reduce

scaling and minimize maintenance capital

costs.

• Determination of optimum capital costs

(number of effects) against operating costs.

• Proper mother liquor handling to promote

crystal growth.

• Proper instrument, control valve, piping, and

hand valve design for slurry handling.

• Proper allowance for thermal expansion and

vibration.

• Positive non-condensible gas venting.

• High efficiency entrainment separators to

reduce chemical losses to the vapour

stream.

The particle size distribution of the crystalline

product varies with the equipment design, type of

material and operating parameters. For sodium

sulphate, sodium chloride, urea and similar

inorganic and organic compounds, the typical

crystal is in the range of 20 to 150 mesh.

Crystallizers are available in steel, stainless steel,

high nickel alloys, or exotic alloys. Gaskets are

specified to suit the service.

LOCATIONS

Canada:A.H. Lundberg Systems Limited 5118 Joyce Street, Suite 300 Vancouver, B.C. V5R 4H1

Contact:

Phone: 604-629-5599

Fax: 604-629-5199

E-Mail: sales@ahlundberg.com

Representatives:

Atlantic Canada:Maynard Reece Engineering Equipment Ltd.60 Thornhill Drive, Unit 7Dartmouth, NS B3B 1S1

Contact: Les ReecePhone: 902-468-2994Fax: 902-468-2995E-Mail: Les.Reece@maynardreece.com

Australia/New Zealand Representative:Paperlines P.O. Box 812Cambridge, New Zealand

Contact: Harry Mowbray Phone: 64-7-827-3426 Fax: 64-7-827-6728 E-Mail: harry.mowbray@paperlines.com

China (Beijing) Representative Office:PSSC Inc.Rm 1208 Tower B, SOHO New Town,No 88 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang DistrictBeijing, 100022, China

Contact: Cherry ZhangPhone: 86-10-8580-0836, ext. 68E-Mail: cherry@psscchina.com

China (Shanghai) Representative Office:Room 2107, Suite 3No. 101 Yiwen Road, Minghang DistrictShanghai, 200237, China

Contact: Tim WuPhone: 86.13321855912E-Mail: 13321855912@189.cn