Anna Brooks, MPH Student

Walden University

PUBH 6165-1

Instructor: Dr. Rebecca Heick

Spring Quarter, 2010

• Orphanage: Casa del Aquila

• Cusco High altitude Temperate climate • Environmental focus Protect water supply Minimize methane release (Cusco, Peru, 2010)

Traditional Method of Disposal

Large Lagoons

• natural, unassisted degradation

• system of staged pools

• eventual recycling as fertilizer sludge (Conti,, 2009)

• Release of methane gas into atmosphere

• Site for pathogens to reproduce

• Leaching nitrates and phosphorous into water supply

• Stench

• (Animal Waste Methane Energy Recovery, 2009) (NORTH CAROLINA HOG Farm Agrees to Comply With Emergency Administrative Order Issued by the EPA , 2000) (Kase, Julie A.; Correa, Maria T.; Sobsey, Mark D.; , 2009), (MRSA found in pigs in the USA. Irish Veterinary Journal, 62(4), 231, 2009)

Biogas Capture Method

Engineered, covered lagoons

(Ferrer, I., Gamiz, M., Almeida, M., & Ruiz, A., 2009) (Animal Waste Methane Energy Recovery, 2009)

Complete Mix Digesters

Heated, covered lagoons

(Animal Waste Methane Energy Recovery, 2009)

Constructed wetland

Filtering system of dense plant roots and gravel

(Chen, S., Kao, C., Jou, C., Fu, Y., & Chang, Y., 2008)

• Covered lagoon (CL)

• Heat/mix covered lagoon (HMCL)

• Constructed wetland (CW)

Cost to install

Waste recovery effectiveness

Potential negative impact to water sources

Reduction of pathogen risk

CW, CL, HMCL

HMCL, CL, CW

HMCL, CL, CW

HMCL, CL, CW

Bypass traditional lagoon methods and install the best alternative system funds will allow. Shown in order of effectiveness and risk minimization:

1) Heat/mix covered lagoon 2) Covered lagoon 3) Constructed wetland

Animal Waste Methane Energy Recovery. (2009, December 11). Retrieved April 20, 2010, from Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.uspowerpartners.org/Topics/SECTION6Topic-AnimalWasteMethane.htm

Chen, S., Kao, C., Jou, C., Fu, Y., & Chang, Y. (2008, April). Use of a Constructed Wetland for Post-Treatment of Swine Wastewater. Environmental Engineering Science, 25(3), 407-418. doi:10.1089/ees.2007.0004. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from Academic Search Premier: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=17&hid=106&sid=851a6ef7-d4fc-4a31-8ceb-999e5fcd5293%40sessionmgr111

Conti, J. (2009, June 20). Transmitted from pigs [bioenergy conversion].Engineering & Technology (17509637), 4(11), 46-49. doi:10.1049/et.2009.1109. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from Academic Search Complete: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&hid=111&sid=4e8d6fc3-a309-499e-9c1b-cc57d1689bc8%40sessionmgr104

Cusco, Peru. (2010). Retrieved April 24, 2010, from Info Peru.com: http://www.infoperu.com/cusco_peru.html Ferrer, I., Gamiz, M., Almeida, M., & Ruiz, A. (2009). Pilot project of biogas production from pig manure and urine mixture at ambient

temperature in Ventanilla (Lima, Peru). Waste Management, 29(1), 168-173. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.014. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from Academic Search Premier: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/detail?vid=7&hid=106&sid=851a6ef7-d4fc-4a31-8ceb-999e5fcd5293%40sessionmgr111&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=a9h&AN=35202840

Gray, Gregory C.; McCarthy, Troy; Capuano, Ana W.; Setterquist, Sharon F.; Olsen, Christopher W.; Alavanja, Michael C.; Lynch, Charles F.; . (2007, December). Swine Workers and Swine Influenza Virus Infections. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13(12), 1871-1878. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from Academic Search Complete: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&hid=111&sid=11fd0523-e5a2-4fd4-85ca-88dbec2a4623%40sessionmgr111

Kase, Julie A.; Correa, Maria T.; Sobsey, Mark D.; . (2009, June). Detection and molecular characterization of swine hepatitis E virus in North Carolina swine herds and their faecal wastes Journal of Water & Health, 7(2), 344-357. doi:10.2166/wh.2009.137. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from Academic Search Complete: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9&hid=111&sid=4e8d6fc3-a309-499e-9c1b-cc57d1689bc8%40sessionmgr104

Marc Ribaudo, Noel Gollehon, Marcel Aillery, Jonathan Kaplan, Robert Johansson, Jean. (2003, June). Manure Management forWater Quality: Costs to Animal Feeding Operations of Applying Manure. Retrieved April 20, 2010, from United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer824/aer824fm.pdf

MRSA found in pigs in the USA. Irish Veterinary Journal, 62(4), 231. (2009, April). Retrieved April 20, 2010, from Academic Search Complete: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=13&hid=111&sid=4e8d6fc3-a309-499e-9c1b-cc57d1689bc8%40sessionmgr104

NORTH CAROLINA HOG Farm Agrees to Comply With Emergency Administrative Order Issued by the EPA . (2000, July 21). Retrieved April 20, 2010, from http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b1ab9f485b098972852562e7004dc686/840fe980d584b99385257361006b227a!OpenDocument

Pistia stratiotes (aquatic plant). (2005, December 30). Retrieved April 25, 2010, from Global Invasive Species Database: http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=285&fr=1&sts=sss