Environmental Sci Intro Study Guide

8/9/2019 Environmental Sci Intro Study Guide

1/49

Study GuideStudy Guide

Lecture: EnvironmentalLecture: EnvironmentalProblems, Their Causes,Problems, Their Causes,

and Sustainabilityand Sustainability


2/49

Q1Q1

R efer to figure 1.R efer to figure 1.W hat are the time periods for the following?W hat are the time periods for the following?

A . Hunting gathering __________ A . Hunting gathering __________ B. Agricultural revolution? ______________ B. Agricultural revolution? ______________ C . Industrial revolution? _______________ C . Industrial revolution? _______________


3/49

Answer 1 Answer 1

A . 2 A . 2--5 million years ago to about 8000 BC5 million years ago to about 8000 BCB. 8000 BC to about 17 00 ADB. 8000 BC to about 17 00 ADC . 17 00 AD to the present (projected throughC . 17 00 AD to the present (projected through21 00 AD)21 00 AD)


4/49


5/49

A 2 A 2

A . Hunter gathering flat growth (barely above A . Hunter gathering flat growth (barely abovezero ratezero rateB. Agricultural revolution: Flat (near zero) toB. Agricultural revolution: Flat (near zero) toslightly upward projection in the last 20%slightly upward projection in the last 20%(positive growth rate)(positive growth rate)C . Industrial revolution: Decidedly jC . Industrial revolution: Decidedly j- -shapedshaped

exponential growth rate for this periodexponential growth rate for this period


6/49

Q 3Q 3

W hat factor(s) contributed to the exponentialW hat factor(s) contributed to the exponentialgrowth of the human population during thegrowth of the human population during theindustrial revolution?industrial revolution?


7/49

A 3 A 3

More food available (selective breeding);More food available (selective breeding);improvements in sanitation (especially,improvements in sanitation (especially,water); improved medical care; improvedwater); improved medical care; improvedagricultural management (fertilizers,agricultural management (fertilizers,pesticides,)pesticides,)Use of fossil fuels (example: fuel for poweringUse of fossil fuels (example: fuel for powering

water pumps)water pumps)


8/49

Q4Q4

3 . Define environmental science .3 . Define environmental science .


9/49

A 4 A 4

Environmental science:Environmental science: the study of how thethe study of how theearth works, how we interact with the earthearth works, how we interact with the earthand how to deal with environmentaland how to deal with environmentalproblems .problems .


10/49

Q 5Q 5

5 .W hat are the goals of environmental5 .W hat are the goals of environmentalscience?science?


11/49

A 5 A 5

The goals of environmental science are toThe goals of environmental science are tolearn:learn:

1. how nature works .1. how nature works .

2 . how the environment effects us .2 . how the environment effects us .3 . how we effect the environment .3 . how we effect the environment .4. how we can live more sustainably without4. how we can live more sustainably without

degrading our lifedegrading our life- -support system .support system .


12/49

Q 6Q 6

6 . Define sustainability .6 . Define sustainability .


13/49

A 6 A 6

SustainabilitySustainability , is the ability of earths various, is the ability of earths varioussystems to survive and adapt tosystems to survive and adapt toenvironmental conditions indefinitely .environmental conditions indefinitely .


14/49

Q 7Q 7

7. W hat are the typical steps in the path to7. W hat are the typical steps in the path tosustainability and how are they supported?sustainability and how are they supported?


15/49

A 7 A 7

7. W hat are the typical steps in the path to7. W hat are the typical steps in the path tosustainability and how are they supported?sustainability and how are they supported?1. Natural Capital1. Natural Capital 2 . Natural Capital2 . Natural CapitalDegradationDegradation 3 . Solutions3 . Solutions 4. Trade Offs4. Trade Offs

5 . Individuals Matter 5 . Individuals Matter

The steps to sustainability must be supportedThe steps to sustainability must be supportedby sound science .by sound science .


16/49

Q 8Q 8

W hat must environmentally sustainableW hat must environmentally sustainablesociety do?society do?


17/49

A 8 A 8

They must meet the basic needs of its peopleThey must meet the basic needs of its peoplein a just and equitable manner withoutin a just and equitable manner withoutdegrading the natural capital that suppliesdegrading the natural capital that supplies

these resources .these resources .


18/49

Q 9Q 9

9 . Natural capital = ? + ?9 . Natural capital = ? + ?


19/49

A 9 A 9

Natural capital = natural recourses + natural servicesNatural capital = natural recourses + natural services


20/49

Q 1 0Q 1 0

Classify the following as either (a) naturalClassify the following as either (a) naturalresources, or (b) natural servicesresources, or (b) natural services

Life (Biodiversity), Soil, Food production,Life (Biodiversity), Soil, Food production,Nonrenewable minerals, W aste treatment,Nonrenewable minerals, W aste treatment,W ater storage, Pest Control, W ater W ater storage, Pest Control, W ater


21/49

A 1 0 A 1 0

(a) natural resources :(a) natural resources :Life (Biodiversity), Soil, NonrenewableLife (Biodiversity), Soil, Nonrenewable

minerals, W ater minerals, W ater (b) natural services:(b) natural services:

Food production, W aste treatment, W ater Food production, W aste treatment, W ater storage, Pest Controlstorage, Pest Control


22/49

Q 11Q 11

How is economic growth measured (twoHow is economic growth measured (twofactors)?factors)?


23/49

A 11 A 11

Measured inMeasured in gross domestic product (GDP)gross domestic product (GDP) andandpurchasing power parity (PPP) .purchasing power parity (PPP) .


24/49

Q 1 2Q 1 2

1 2 . W hat are three classifications of 1 2 . W hat are three classifications of resources (ID and define)?resources (ID and define)?


25/49

A 1 2 A 1 2

Perpetual Perpetual : On a human time scale are: On a human time scale arecontinuous .continuous .R enewableR enewable :: On a human time scale can beOn a human time scale can bereplenished rapidly (e .g . hours to severalreplenished rapidly (e .g . hours to severaldecades) .decades) .No nrenewableNo nrenewable : On a human time scale are: On a human time scale are

in fixed supply .in fixed supply .


26/49

Q 1 3Q 1 3

1 3 . How can we extent the supply of 1 3 . How can we extent the supply of nonrenewable resources (two ways, ID andnonrenewable resources (two ways, ID anddefine) .define) .


27/49

A 1 3 A 1 3

R ecyclingR ecycling andand reusingreusing extends supplyextends supplyR ecyclingR ecycling processes waste material into newprocesses waste material into newmaterial .material .

R euseR euse is using a resource over again in theis using a resource over again in thesame form .same form .


28/49

Q 14Q 14

Humanitys ecological footprint has exceededHumanitys ecological footprint has exceededearths _____________ .earths _____________ .


29/49

A 14 A 14

Humanitys ecological footprint has exceededHumanitys ecological footprint has exceededearthsearths ecological capacity .ecological capacity .


30/49

Q 1 5Q 1 5

W hat are two types of pollution based onW hat are two types of pollution based onsource?source?


31/49

A 1 5 A 1 5

Point sourcePoint sourceNonpoint sourceNonpoint source


32/49

Q 1 6Q 1 6

Pollutants can have three types of unwantedPollutants can have three types of unwantedeffects, what are they?effects, what are they?


33/49

A 1 6 A 1 6

11 . Can disrupt / degrade life. Can disrupt / degrade life- -support systems .support systems .

2 . Can damage health and property .2 . Can damage health and property .

3 . Can create nuisances such as noise and3 . Can create nuisances such as noise andunpleasant smells, tastes, and sightsunpleasant smells, tastes, and sights ..


34/49

Q 17Q 17

The major causes of environmental problemsThe major causes of environmental problemsare (five):are (five):


35/49

A 17 A 17

The major causes of environmental problemsThe major causes of environmental problemsare (five):are (five):

1. Population growth1. Population growth

2 . W asteful resource use2 . W asteful resource use3 . Poverty3 . Poverty4. Poor environmental accounting4. Poor environmental accounting

5 . Ecological ignorance5 . Ecological ignorance


36/49

Q 1 8Q 1 8

TheThe ________________ ________________ of material resourcesof material resourcesthrough the worlds economic systemsthrough the worlds economic systemsdepletes, degrades and pollutesdepletes, degrades and pollutes thethe

environment .environment .


37/49

A 1 8 A 1 8

TheThe exponential increasing flowexponential increasing flow of materialof materialresources through the worlds economicresources through the worlds economicsystemssystems depletes, degrades and pollutesdepletes, degrades and pollutes thethe

environment .environment .


38/49

Q 1 9Q 1 9

Problems with relying on cleanup of pollutionProblems with relying on cleanup of pollution(3):(3):


39/49

A 1 9 A 1 9

Problems with relying on cleanup of pollutionProblems with relying on cleanup of pollution(3):(3):

1. Temporary bandage without improvements in1. Temporary bandage without improvements in

control technology .control technology .

2 . Often removes a pollutant from one part of the2 . Often removes a pollutant from one part of theenvironment to cause problems in another .environment to cause problems in another .

3 . Pollutants at harmful levels can cost too much3 . Pollutants at harmful levels can cost too muchto reduce them to acceptable levels .to reduce them to acceptable levels .


40/49

Q 20Q 20

1 of 3 children under 5, suffer from severe1 of 3 children under 5, suffer from severe ____________ . ____________ .


41/49


42/49

Q 21Q 21

________ ________ : unsustainable addiction to: unsustainable addiction tooverconsumption and materialism .overconsumption and materialism .


43/49


44/49

Q 21Q 21

________________: ________________: Allowed people to stay in one place . Allowed people to stay in one place .

_______________________: _______________________:Led shift from rural villages to urban society .Led shift from rural villages to urban society .

Science improved sanitation and disease control .Science improved sanitation and disease control .

_______________________: _______________________:R apid access to information .R apid access to information .


45/49


46/49

Q 22Q 22

Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability:Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability:


47/49

A 22 A 22

Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability:Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability:R eliance on Solar EnergyR eliance on Solar EnergyBiodiversityBiodiversityPopulation ControlPopulation ControlNutrient R ecyclingNutrient R ecycling


48/49

Q 23Q 23

W hat three tenets of Aldo LeopoldsW hat three tenets of Aldo Leopoldsenvironmental ethics?environmental ethics?


49/49

A 23 A 23

W hat three tenets of Aldo LeopoldsW hat three tenets of Aldo Leopoldsenvironmental ethics?environmental ethics?1. Individuals matter .1. Individuals matter .

2 . land is to be loved and respected is an2 . land is to be loved and respected is anextension of ethics .extension of ethics .

3 . W e abuse land because we regard it as a3 . W e abuse land because we regard it as a

commoditycommodity

Environmental Sci Intro Study Guide

Documents

Transcript of Environmental Sci Intro Study Guide