Environmental Protection and Industrial Policy

By:Muhammad Atif

Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency

4th September, 2007 Lahore

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 is an Act to Provide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the ENVIRONMENT, for the prevention and control of POLLUTION, and promotion of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Regulatory Actions should be taken whenever there is

Substantial Hazard toHuman Life, or

Health, orEnvironment

NON-COMPLIANCE MAY RESULT IN ….

Financial Penalties

Clean-up Costs

Compensation Costs

Loss of Licenses

Restriction of Activities

POLLUTION CONTROL

The four basic provisions relating to pollution control are

contained in sections 11,13, 14 and 15.

Section 11 prohibits discharge or emission of any

effluent or waste or air pollutant or noise in excess of

the NEQS, or the established ambient standards for air,

water or land;

Major Functions of Pak-EPA

To Administer And Implement the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997;

To Take All Necessary Measures for Implementation of National Environmental Policies Approved by The Council;

To Prepare, Revise and Establish the National Environmental Quality Standards with the Approval of Pakistan Environmental Protection Council

PROJECTS/PROGRAMME

Self-monitoring and Reporting Programme (SMART) Vehicular Emission Testing Services (VETS) Activity Based Capacity Development Programme for All EPAs

(ABCD) Management of Hazardous Substances And Wastes Introduction of Cleaner Production Techniques

COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

Annual Damage in PKR

Inadequate Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene 112 Billion

Agricultural Soil Degradation 70 Billion

Indoor Pollution 67 Billion

Urban Air Pollution 60 Billion

Cost of Lead Exposure 45 Billion

Rangeland Degradation & Deforestation 7 Billion

Total 249 Billion

Source: Pakistan Strategic country Environmental Assessment Report by World Bank,

2006.

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION LEVELS

Milligram/Liter

BOD (g/m3) COD(g/m3) TSS (g/m3) TDS (g/m3)

Chemical 1400-9800 2300-18640 950 38000Tanneries 800-1680 1020-2367 298 9104Textile 800-8500 1610-16500 1900 9680Sugar 100-1100 200-1896 2850 17300Fertilizer 400-610 860-1650 9720 -Oil And Ghee 460-1470 1260-3280 576 15462

NEQS 80 150 150 3500

Source: Study by Sindh EPA

Linkage of Environment with Economy

Compliance of NEQS is Important for Export Oriented Industrialization

Right Mix of Economic, Social and Environmental Policies can Promote Sustainable Development

Poor Environment Affects Tourism

Industrial Industrial Environmental Environmental

Impacts are Impacts are affecting affecting

all spheres all spheres of life:of life:

Air

Soil

Biodiversity

Water

Marine &

Ground

Water

Climate

Change

provide affordable products with minimal environmental degradation

IMPEDIMENT

end-of-pipe end-of-pipe

treatmenttreatment

lack of policylack of policy

assigning priority assigning priority

to pollution to pollution

prevention prevention

scenariosscenarios

lack of lack of integrationintegration

between between Environment Environment

Ministry Ministry Policies Policies

and and implementation implementation

lack of lack of awarenessawareness in industry and in industry and

financial financial institutions institutions

of importance of importance of pollution prevention of pollution prevention

in in profitabilityprofitability

CP reduces risk to people & environment; while improving economics

from end-of-pipetreatment

topollution

prevention

operating practices

Input material changes

Technology changes

Product Changes

Recycling

NEQS EnforcementTwo 2-Pronged Approach

Non-Complianceof NEQS

Testing of Samples

Non-Compliance of NEQS

Self MonitoringAnd Reporting

EPA Monitoring

Analysis of Report

Compliance of NEQS

Compliance of NEQS

Env. Improvement Plan 25/75

Penalty

Appeal in Tribunal

Action by Industry

Not Accepted

Certification ofGreen Industry

Env. ProtectionOrder

NO Action Accepted

SMART

WHAT IS SELF MONITORING & REPORTING SYSTEM?

Self Monitoring & Reporting System for

Industries is the result of a consultative process

that extended over several years in which the

government,industry and other stakeholders

participated to develop an environment

monitoring framework

Recommendations of Lakha Committee

Lakha Committee held several meetings with industry and came up with a set of recommendations that included:

Reduction in customs duty on import of anti-pollution equipment

Rationalization of NEQS Introduction of Self Monitoring and Reporting System

for industry and levy of pollution charge Other incentives like soft loan, accelerated

depreciation, expenditure on pollution control to deducted from income tax

WHAT IS SELF MONITORING & REPORTING SYSTEM?

By introducing this system, the government is placing a

high level of trust in the industry to examine and evaluate

environmental performance on its own and to make the

information on environmental parameters available to the

EPAs

Improve flexibility of Command & Control

ProvideMarketBased Solutions

Focus on Voluntary Approaches

The New Model:The New Model:“POLICY MIX APPROACH”“POLICY MIX APPROACH”

SMART

UNDER SELF MONITORING CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL UNITS

For Liquid

Effluent

Category Reporting Period

Priority Parameters

A(Most Hazardous)

Monthly Basis

Effluent flow,Temperature, PH ,TSS,(Schedule III,Table A)

B(Moderately Hazardous)

Quarterly Basis

(Schedule IV,Table A)

C(Least Hazardous)

Biannual Basis

(Schedule V)

CATEGORIZATION OF INDUSTRY(LIQUID EFFLUENTS)

Category A: Monthly

• 21 Sectors/Sub-sectors: Metal finishing and

electroplating, Fertilizers, Pulp & Paper, Pesticide

formulation, Leather tanning, etc.

Category B: Quarterly

• 13 Sectors: Glass manufacturing, Sugar, Detergent,

Oil & Gas explorations, etc.

Category C: Biannually

• Pharmaceutical (formulation), Marble crushing,

Cement

CATEGORIZATION OF INDUSTRY(GASEOUS EMISSIONS)

Category A: Monthly

• 11 Sectors: Cement, Iron & Steel, Nitrogenous

Fertilizers, Petroleum Refining, Pulp & Paper,

Thermal Power Plants etc.

Category B: Quarterly

• 7 Sectors: Sugar, Textile, Metal Finishing &

Electroplating etc.

Industry Software and a ManualAfter Registration Federal EPA will issue a manual “User Instruction Code” and a software CD.

GREEN INDUSTRY PROGRAMME

It is a support program for the implementation of SMART that promotes not only Self Monitoring but also compliance with NEQS

Incentive Based Regulation System, which uses both carrots and sticks to improve environmental performance

Seeks to foster a pollution prevention ethic by encouraging industries to enter into agreements for reducing their environmental releases by setting targets

Agreements would lead to the preparation and implementation of the Environment Improvement Plans for individual or cluster of industries

Establishment Of Cleaner Production Center :

Ministry has encouraged establishment of three cleaner production centers (Rawalpindi, Lahore and Sialkot) to promote adoption of ISO 14000 and help improve environmental performance of the industry. These centers provides technical advice to industrial sector in compliance with the National Environmental Quality Standards.

Establishment of Combined Industrial Effluent Treatment Plants

Ministry of Industries, Production and Special Initiatives is facilitating the establishment of Combined Effluent Treatment Plant in different cities.

Two combined effluent treatment plants (CEPTs) for tanning sector have already been established in Kasur and Karachi whereas the proposal for Sialkot is also approved.

Now to cater the Environmental Problems Establishment of CETP,s is considered a part of planning of new industrial Estates like SUNDER Lahore and another in Faislabad & Karachi.