Environmental Product Declaration · Readymix concrete products produced by Tarmac conforms to BS...

Company Address

Laura Critien 11 March 2016Signed for BRE Global Ltd Operator Date of this Issue

11 March 2016 10 March 2021Date of First Issue Expiry Date

Portland HouseBickenhill LaneSolihullB37 7BQ

Environmental Product Declaration000104 Issue: 01

This is to certify that this verified Environmental Product Declaration provided by:

Is in accordance with the requirements of:

EN 15804:2012+A1:2013

This declaration is for:

Readymix concrete

Tarmac

BREG EN EPD No.:

To check the validity of this EPD please visit www.greenbooklive.com/check or contact us.

BRE Global Ltd., Garston, Watford WD25 9XX.T: +44 (0)333 32188 11 F: +44 (0)1923 664603 E: [email protected]

This verified Environmental Product Declaration is issued subject to terms and conditions (for details visit www.greenbooklive.com/terms).

BF1331ECOP Rev 0.3 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2016

Demonstra on of Verifica on

CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the core PCRᵃ

Internal

Independent verification of the declaration and data according to EN ISO 14025:2010

External

Third party verifierᵇ:

Kim Allbury

a: Product category rulesb: Op onal for business-to-business communica on; mandatory for business-to-consumer communica on (see EN ISO 14025:2010, 9.4)

EPD verifica on and LCA details

LCA Consultant Verifier

Alex HardwickthinkstepElectric Works, Sheffield Digital CampusSheffieldS1 2BJthinkstep.com

Kim AllburyBRE GlobalBucknalls LaneWatfordWD25 9XXwww.bre.co.uk

Andrew Swain

[email protected]

Bickenhill LaneTarmac

Solihull, B37 7BQ

Commissioner of LCA study

EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000104 Date of issue: 11 March 2016 Expiry Date: 10 March 2021BF1331ECOP Rev 0.3 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2016

General InformationSummaryThis environmental product declaration is for 1 cubic metre of Readymix concrete produced by Tarmac at the followingmanufacturing facilities:

All 110 UK Tarmac readymix concrete sitesHead Office: Portland HouseBickenhill LaneSolihullB37 7BQUK

BRE Global, Watford, Herts, WD25 9XX, United Kingdom.This declaration is based on the BRE Environmental Profiles 2013 Product Category Rules for Type III environmental product declaration of construction products to EN 15804:2012+A1:2013.

Programme Operator

Comparability Environmental declarations from different programmes may not be comparable if not compliant with EN 15804:2012+A1:2013. Comparability is further dependent on the product category rules used and the source of the data, e.g. the database. See EN 15804:2012+A1:2013 for further guidance.

This is a Cradle to gate with options EPD. The life cycle stages included are as shown below (X = included, MND = modulenot declared):

Product ConstructionUse stage

End-of-life

Benefits and loads beyond

the system boundaryRelated to the building fabric Related to the

building A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D

Raw

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Use

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X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Construction ProductProduct DescriptionReadymix concrete products produced by Tarmac conforms to BS 8500-2. Readymix concrete is primarily used in the construction of domestic and commercial buildings along with civil engineering projects. Readymix concrete is commonly used in load bearing applications. It may be used in the building’s substructure (foundations), building frame, the floors, as a component in composite deck and roofs. Readymix concrete may also be used for infrastructure projects such as bridges, overpasses and roads/pavements. The declared unit is 1m³ of readymix concrete.


Manufacturing ProcessReadymix concrete is made primarily from aggregate and cement, with fibres/filler and additives added to give the readymix concrete specific properties. These raw materials comply with the appropriate BS EN standard. Water is added to hydrate the cement and to start the setting process. It also aids the mixing and placement process. Electricity and fuels are consumed on site in mixing the readymix concrete and processing the constituents.

Technical InformationProperty Value UnitTypical Density Range 2320 - 2450 kg/m³

Typical Tensile Strength Range 2.0 - 4.6 MPa

Typical Compressive Strength Range 15 - 50 MPa

Product ContentsMaterial/Chemical Input %Aggregate 83.7

Cement 12.0

Cemen ous Addi ves 4.2

Addi ves 0.1


Construction Installation Readymix concrete is transported to site in a concrete mixer and discharged on site, drier readymix concrete can be transported on tippers. On site wastage readymix concrete wastage rate is assumed to be 5%.

Use Information It is not anticipated that there will be any impacts associated with the use stage of readymix concrete structures other than carbonation of cement in the product. Use phase carbonation is modelled in line with the BRE Environmental Profiles 2013 Product Category Rules.

Reference Service Life The reference service life will be equal to the lifetime of the individual structure in which the readymix concrete is used. In this study it is assumed that the readymix concrete is used in a domestic or commercial building. For the purposes of this study a reference service life for the building of 60 years has been modelled.

The process flow diagram is shown below:


Demolition of the readymix concrete structure has been modelled based on information related to the demolition of office building structural systems. Transport to recycling or landfill and waste processing are also included. Readymix concrete crushing is based on an average crusher used for processing construction rubble. At end-of-life, 90% of readymix concrete is assumed to be recycled while the remainder is sent to landfill.

End of Life

Declared / Functional unit 1 cubic metre (m³) of readymix concrete.

Data sources, quality and allocation Data collected by Tarmac for 110 concrete production sites for the 2014 calendar year has been used to generate a mass weighted average of readymix concrete production for this EPD. Data provided covers all readymix concrete products manufactured by Tarmac at these sites in 2014. Allocation of materials, energy, water, emissions and waste has been done according to the provisions of the BRE PCR PN514 and EN 15804. All background LCI datasets used in the generation of this EPD are taken from the ecoinvent 3.1 database contained in the GaBi ts software tool.

Cut-off criteria All raw materials and energy input to the manufacturing process have been included.

Life Cycle Assessment Calculation Rules

System boundary This is a cradle to gate with all options declared EPD covering all modules from A1 to C4 and includes module D. Impacts and aspects related to losses/wastage (i.e. production, transport and waste processing and end-of-life stage of lost waste products and materials) are considered in the modules in which the losses/wastage occur.


LCA Results

(INA = Indicator not assessed, AGG = Aggregated, NA = Not Applicable)

Indicator Unit

A1 A2 A3 A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3

Raw

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Mer

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A2/

A3

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Use

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Rep

air

Environmental impacts per declared/functional unitGWP kg CO₂ eq. AGG AGG AGG 316 3.70 1.83 -35 0.00 0.00ODP kg CFC 11 eq. AGG AGG AGG 1.44E-05 6.75E-07 4.32E-07 0.00 0.00 0.00AP kg SO₂ eq. AGG AGG AGG 0.814 0.00967 0.0139 0.00 0.00 0.00EP kg (PO₄)³⁻ eq. AGG AGG AGG 0.217 0.00277 0.00363 0.00 0.00 0.00

POCP kg C₂H₄ eq. AGG AGG AGG 0.10 0.00177 0.00213 0.00 0.00 0.00ADPE kg Sb eq. AGG AGG AGG 0.00103 1.24E-05 1.31E-06 0.00 0.00 0.00ADPF MJ eq. AGG AGG AGG 1690 55.5 35.5 0.00 0.00 0.00

GWP = Global Warming Potential (Climate Change); ODP = Ozone Depletion Potential; AP = Acidification Potential for Soil and Water; EP = Eutrophication Potential; POCP = Photochemical Ozone Creation; ADPE = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Elements; ADPF = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Fossil Fuels

Resource usePERE MJ AGG AGG AGG 135 0.86 0.703 0.00 0.00 0.00PERM MJ AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PERT MJ AGG AGG AGG 135 0.86 0.703 0.00 0.00 0.00

PENRE MJ AGG AGG AGG 1860 56.5 36.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PENRM MJ AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PENRT MJ AGG AGG AGG 1860 56.5 36.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SM kg AGG AGG AGG 24.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00RSF MJ AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NRSF MJ AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00FW m³ AGG AGG AGG 1.70 0.0109 0.0234 0.00 0.00 0.00

PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy resources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Net use of fresh water

Waste to disposalHWD kg AGG AGG AGG 0.826 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NHWD kg AGG AGG AGG 3.42 0.00 122 0.00 0.00 0.00TRWD kg AGG AGG AGG 0.00115 0.000305 0.000195 0.00 0.00 0.00

RWDHL kg AGG AGG AGG 5.27E-06 3.66E-08 1.69E-08 0.00 0.00 0.00

HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; TRWD = Total Radioactive waste disposed; RWDHL = Radioactive waste disposed (high-level nuclear waste)

Other output flowsCRU kg AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00MFR kg AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00MER kg AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00EE MJ AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CRU = Components for reuse; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EE = Export energy


(INA = Indicator not assessed, AGG = Aggregated, NA = Not Applicable)

LCA Results (continued)

Indicator Unit

B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D

Rep

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Environmental impacts per declared/functional unitGWP kg CO₂ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.6 10.6 9.04 -0.416 -9.74ODP kg CFC 11 eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.81E-06 1.89E-06 1.63E-06 4.39E-07 -1.39E-06AP kg SO₂ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.117 0.0279 0.0682 0.0102 -0.0307EP kg (PO₄)³⁻ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0304 0.00812 0.0176 0.00266 -0.00687

POCP kg C₂H₄ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0178 0.00487 0.0103 0.00156 -0.00267ADPE kg Sb eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.70E-06 4.61E-05 3.30E-06 1.76E-06 -3.96E-06ADPF MJ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 224 157 130 37.1 -132

GWP = Global Warming Potential (Climate Change); ODP = Ozone Depletion Potential; AP = Acidification Potential for Soil and Water; EP = Eutrophication Potential; POCP = Photochemical Ozone Creation; ADPE = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Elements; ADPF = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Fossil Fuels

Resource usePERE MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.38 2.56 0.798 1.20 -1.94PERM MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PERT MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.38 2.56 0.798 1.20 -1.94

PENRE MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 226 159 131 37.7 -142PENRM MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PENRT MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 226 159 131 37.7 -142

SM kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00RSF MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NRSF MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00FW m³ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.034 0.0314 0.0198 0.0416 -0.0578

PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy resources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Net use of fresh water

Waste to disposalHWD kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.64E-04

NHWD kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 244 -0.0366TRWD kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00127 0.00085 0.000731 0.000198 -7.59E-04

RWDHL kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.91E-08 1.07E-07 4.76E-08 2.02E-08 -3.28E-07

HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; TRWD = Total Radioactive waste disposed; RWDHL = Radioactive waste disposed (high-level nuclear waste)

Other output flowsCRU kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00MFR kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2130 0.00 0.00MER kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00EE MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CRU = Components for reuse; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EE = Export energy


InterpretationFor GWP, A1-A3 accounts for 98% of the lifecycle impact with contributions of 1% each in distribution and construction with a combined contribution of 11% from end-of-life processes (C1-C4). Carbonation of the readymix concrete during use results in an 11% credit in module B1. Further analysis of A1-A3, reveals that the main contributor to the A1-A3 impact is the production of cement which accounts for 73% of the life cycle impact of concrete. Building demolition and waste processing at the demolition site (C1) is the only other process that contributes more than 5% to the GWP of concrete. Cement production is significant for all other indicators as well, although is less dominant for other categories than it is for GWP, contributing between 23% and 49% for each of the other nine indicators. Another significant source of impacts is end-of-life, which contributes 17% to EP, 18% to AP and ADP fossil, 22% to POCP and 24% to ODP. EoL also accounts for 16% of non-renewable primary energy demand. The biggest contributors to EoL impacts are from the diesel consumed during demolition (C1), transport from the demolition site to landfill or the recycling plant (C2) and the fuel consumed in crushing the readymix concrete for recycling (C3).

Scenarios and Additional Technical Information

Module D – Reuse/Recovery/Recycling PotentialCrushed concrete generated from the recycling process can be used as aggregate or fill material for a number of construction applications including road building or as an aggregate for fresh concrete. It is assumed that crushed concrete replaces virgin crushed rock aggregate.

End-of-life modules – C1, C3, and C4Parameter Description Unit Value

Waste for recycling % 90Waste for final disposal % 10Other assumptions for scenario development, e.g, transportation Demolition energy MJ/kg 0.068

Module A4 – Transport to the building site

Vehicle Type Fuel Consumption (L/km)

Distance (km)

Capacity Utilisation

(%)

Density OfProduct(kg/m³)

Concrete mixer 0.748 8.63 95 2439

Module A5 - Installa on in the buildingParameter Description Unit Value

Energy Use Concrete pump litres/m3 0.35Waste materials from installation wastage % 5

Module C2 – Transport to waste processing

Vehicle Type Fuel Consumption (L/km)

Distance (km)

Capacity Utilisation

(%)

Density OfProduct(kg/m³)

Lorry 0.471 20 100 2439


Figure 1

Figure 2


Sources of additional informationBRE Global. BRE Environmental Profiles 2013: Product Category Rules for Type III environmental product declaration of construction products to EN 15804:2012+A1:2013. PN 514. Watford, BRE, 2014.

BSI. Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products. BS EN 15804:2012+A1:2013. London, BSI, 2013.

BSI. Environmental labels and declarations – Type III Environmental declarations – Principles and procedures. BS EN ISO 14025:2010 (exactly identical to ISO 14025:2006). London, BSI, 2010.

BSI. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework. BS EN ISO 14040:2006. London, BSI, 2006.

BSI. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – requirements and guidelines. BS EN ISO 14044:2006. London, BSI, 2006.

ecoinvent (2013) Weidema, B.P.; Bauer, Ch.; Hischier, R.; Mutel, Ch.; Nemecek, T.; Reinhard, J.; Vadenbo, C.O.; Wernet, G, 2013, The ecoinvent database: Overview and methodology, Data quality guideline for the ecoinvent database version 3. www.ecoinvent.org. Zurich: EcoinventGABI ts (2014) thinkstep AG, 2014. GaBi ts: Software-System and Database for Life Cycle Engineering. Copyright, TM. Stuttgart, Echterdingen: thinkstep AGBS 8500-1 (2015) Concrete. Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206. Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier. London: BSI.BS 8500-2 (2015) Concrete. Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206. Specification for constituent materials and concrete. London: BSI.EN 206 (2013) EN 206: Concrete. Specification, performance, production and conformity. Brussels: CEN


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