ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

SOIL POLLUTION

Soil pollution is defined as the build – up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents , which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health

Source of soil pollution

Fertilizers and pesticides Domestic and commercial wastes Industrial waste(oil refineries, metal

processing industries, drugs and pharmaceutical industries etc)

CONTROL OF SOIL POLLUTION

Reduce Reuse recycle

WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution is the contamination of water by foreign substances which unfavourably alter its quality and characteristics such that its normal functions and usefulness in domestics, agricultural, industrial etc

Sources of water pollution

Water pollution by Sewage Industrial effluents Soaps and detergents Pesticides Fertilizers Heavy metals(lead, mercury, cadmium etc)

Adverse effect of water pollution

Domestic sewage leads to induction of various pathogenic organisms into water and causes typhoid, cholera etc

Industrial effluents leads to a concentration of highly toxic organic, inorganic & metallic components in water

Pollution by soaps and detergents causes eutrophication Water pollution by fertilizers is causes Blue baby syndrome Oil pollution destroys marine life, water birds, coastal plants

etc Thermal pollution destroys aquatic life

Control of the water pollution

Sewage should be first treated in sewage treatment plants before it is let off into water bodies

Non-biodegradable detergents should be banned Use of chemical fertilizers & pesticides should be

minimizes Drainage system in cities, towns & villages should

be improved Laws should be enforced to ensure harm pest

disposal of water from shopes, factories & other enterprises

NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution means pollution of the environment with unpleasant and undesirable sound, through human activities, thereby causing adverse effects in all recepients.

Sources of noise pollution•Industries , factories and machineries•Vehicles such as trains, buses, cars, scooters etc.•Loud speakers and audio systems used in social gatherings, celebrations etc.•Domestic appliances such as grinders, mixies, vaccum cleaners, audio systems etc.•Various construction works•Sirens from factories etc.

Adverse effects of noise pollution•Induces hormonal imbalances, anxiety and fright•Affects hearing capacity and at higher levels- deafness•Induce emotional disturbances, psychological disorders, nervous breakdown and insanity•Increases heart beats and raises BP •Adversely affect the functioning of brain, kidneys and liver•Induces abortions and causes physical abnormalities in young children

Control of noise pollution

Ear – protective aids such as ear plugs must be issued to workers in noisy factories

Walls and ceilings of factories must be insulated with sound absorbing materials

Old noisy factory machines should be replaced by new ones fitted with silencers

Noise – creating operations should not be conducted in enclosed spaces but only in large open spaces

The use of air horns should be prohibited in cities and towns and near hospitals , schools etc.

Radiation pollution

The environmental pollution caused by extremely dangerous radiations from sources introduced into the environment by human activities

The main radiation hazard comes from ionising radiation(α-rays , β-rays, ϒ-rays, x-rays etc)

Sources of radiation pollution

Medical diagnosis using x-rays Radiotherapy Nuclear tests &radioactive fall out Nuclear reactors Nuclear power plants Radioactive waste Radioactive ore-processing Industrial & medical research

Hazards of radiation pollution Exposure to acute doses would produce symptoms of nausea

, diarrhoea , vomiting etc. Long term exposure to even small quantities of radiation

would cause cancer including leukemia. Short term exposure to even slightly larger quantities of

radiation would cause cancer of the breast, thyroid, lung or even brain.

Radiations can break down enzymes, proteins & nucleic acids.

It can cause red spots in the skin It can damage eye cells & induces cataract It can cause bone marrow depression, kidney &

liver disorders, damage to reproductive organs & gastrointestinal disorders.

It destroy aquatic population.

Control of radiation pollution

High chimneys and high ventilators should be used at places where radioactive contamination is high.

While working with radionuclides, hoods, gloves and masks made of protective materials should be used

Production of radioisotopes should be minimized Extreme care should be exercised during the

disposal of radioactive waste All safety precautions should be taken to prevent

leakage of radiation from nuclear reactors and plants.

THANK YOU BY ANAND P P