ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Environmental pollution is one of several factors thatcan affect environmental change. Environmental pollutionis the entry of materials into the environment which can interfere with organisms live on it.Pollutants or material that can caused pollution may include chemicals, dust, noise, radiation, or heat into the environment.

The factors that cause pollution is:1.Uncontrolled population growth (over population);2.The rapid development and deployment of technologies;3.The presence of pollutants in large quantities and nature can no longer neutralizing

POLLUTANT

When a substance can be considered as pollutants?1. If the levels are exceeding the limits of normal levels or

thresholds2. Exist at the wrong time3. Exist in the wrong place

How was the characteristics of pollutants?1. Damaging for a while and after reacting with the

environment, substance does not damage anymore.2. Damage after a certain period, for example DDT and Pb

(lead)

POLLUTANT

SEA WATER SOIL AIR FRESH WATER

ALGAE SOIL WATER WIND SOIL

SMALL FISHWATER

RESOURCECLOUD PLANT

BIG FISH RAIN

HUMAN

TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

- AIR POLLUTION Air pollutants can be either gases and particles. For

example, as follows.a. H2S gas

This is a toxic gas, contained in the volcano area,? Can also be produced from the burning of oil and coal

b. CO and CO2 gas. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless, toxic, is the result of incomplete combustion of waste material cars and engines. In addition, if the amount of C02 gas are too much on earth, it can bind the sun's heat so that the temperature of the earth's heat.

c. Sulfur dioksida bersama dengan udara serta oksigen dan sinar matahari

dapat menghasilkan asam sulfur. Asam ini membentuk kabut dan suatu

saat akan jatuh sebagai hujan yang disebut hujan asam. Hujan asam

dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada manusia, hewan, maupun

tumbuhan. Misalnya gangguan pernapasan, perubahan morfologi pada

daun, batang, dan benih.

d. Hidrokarbon (HC) dan Nitrogen Oksida (NO)

HC dan NO yang dipengaruhi oleh sinar matahari akan membentuk

smog yang berupa gas yang sangat pedih jika mengenai mata dan juga

sebagai penyebab penyakit kanker.

CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFC)

This gas is widely used as foam blowing agents, cooling (refrigerators and air conditioning), as well as spraying material (hair spray and perfume). The top layer of the atmosphere, these gases react with ozon- (ozone layer is a layer that protects the earth from ultraviolet rays) reaction between CFCs and ozone will form the ozone hole. From this hole, ultraviolet light will penetrate the earth. Ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer, reduced immunity, and the death of algae that can damage marine ecosystems.

• The greenhouse effect is caused by rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases in the atmosphere. The increase in the concentration of CO2 is caused by the increase in the burning of fuel oil (BBM), coal and other organic fuels are beyond the ability of plants and sea to absorb it.

• CO2 is the greatest greenhouse gases that forms a layer in the atmosphere. In addition to CO2 gas, which can cause the greenhouse effect are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and some organic compounds such as methane (CH4) and chlorofluoro carbon (CFC). These gases play an important role in increasing the greenhouse effect.

• So far, we do not feel the presence of CO2 as a pollutant, since CO2 is not toxic. However, carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important greenhouse gas that is most widely produced and is a significant cause of global warming.

• Is greenhouse always harmful?

- WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution can be caused by severaltypes of pollutants as follows.a.Disposal of industrial waste, residual

insecticides, and disposal of domestic waste, for example, residual detergents pollute the water. Exiles? Industries such as Pb, Hg, Zn, and CO, can accumulate and be poison

b.The organic waste is decomposed by bacteria in the water causes 02 is reduced so that interfere with the activity of living organisms is water.

c. Phosphate as the results of decay process along NO3 and agricultural fertilizers accumulate and lead to eutrophication, which is the accumulation of minerals that cause the rapid growth of algae (algal bloom). As a result, the plants in the water can not photosynthesize because the sunlight is blocked.

- SOIL POLLUTIONSoil contamination caused by some

types ofpollution following:a. rubbish such as bottles crushed hard,

synthetic rubber, glass, and cansb. detergents that are non bio

degradable (naturally hard outlined)c. chemicals from agricultural effluent,

such as insecticides.

SOUND POLLUTION (NOISE)

Noise pollution caused by the noise of motor vehicles, airplanes, factories roar of the engine, radio / tape recorder that reads loud that it interferes with hearing.

Parameter of PollutionParameters that can be used as indicators of

pollution is as follows1.Chemical parameters Parameters include C02

chemistry, pH, alkalinity, phosphorus, and heavy metals.

2.Biochemical parametersBiochemical parameters include BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), ie the amount of oxygen in the water. The way the measurement is to keep the water samples of known oxygen content for 5 days. Then the oxygen levels were measured again. BOD is used to measure the amount of organic pollutants. According to the health minister, the oxygen content in drinking water or BOD should not be less

c. Physical parametersPhysical parameters include temperature, color, taste, odor, turbidity, and radioactivity.

d. Biological parameterBiological parameters include the presence or absence of microorganisms, for example, coli bacteria, viruses, benthos, and plankton.

C. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

1. Extinction of species2. Pest3. Environmental balance disorders4. Reduced soil fertility5. Poisoning and diseases6. Concentration of biological7. Formed ozone hole8. Greenhouse effect