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Transcript of Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service · PDF fileBenoît Desmarchelier,...
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Environmental policies and eco-innovation ofservice �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj
Lille 1 UniversityFrance
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Pollution in services : multiple sources and a seriousproblem
From Gadrey, 1996Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Aims
Are service �rms sensible to environmental policies?
What is the best: ecotax or consumer information?
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Sources of pollutionConsumersLinking with the search spaceFirms behavioral rules
A return on the sources of pollution in service activities
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Sources of pollutionConsumersLinking with the search spaceFirms behavioral rules
De�nition of the relevant vector of caracteristics of theproduct and of the search space
0@ xktykt = f (mkt ) + vkt
zkt
1AWith :
xkt 2 [1; 10], the price;mkt 2 [1; 10], the total mobility as mkt � zkt andf (mkt ) = 10� (mkt�mmin)
(mmax�mmin)zkt 2 [1; 10], the client�s mobility
these threee dimensions form the search space for �rms.
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Sources of pollutionConsumersLinking with the search spaceFirms behavioral rules
Initial preferences
xi0 = RND(1; 10)
xi0 > 5 )�yi0zi0
�=
�RND(1; 5)RND(1; 5)
�
xi0 � 5 )�yi0zi0
�=
�RND(6; 10)RND(6; 10)
�
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Sources of pollutionConsumersLinking with the search spaceFirms behavioral rules
Preference dynamics
0@ xityitzit
1A =
0@ βixit�1 + (1� βi ).(1/n)∑j xjt�1βiyit�1 + (1� βi ).(1/n)∑j yjt�1βizit�1 + (1� βi ).(1/n)∑j zjt�1
1A
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Sources of pollutionConsumersLinking with the search spaceFirms behavioral rules
Linking with the search space
Ult = (1/N).∑Ni=1[10� (1/3) (jxit�1 � xl j+ jyit�1 � yl j+ jzit�1 � zl j)]
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Sources of pollutionConsumersLinking with the search spaceFirms behavioral rules
Firms behavioral rules
10 �rms
Random initial position in the search space
If a �rm has a market share less than the average (10%), thenit tries to move on the hypersurface of performance(=innovation)
In this later case: observe the immediate neighbourhood(incremental innovation) and try one far away location (longjump or radical innovation)
a �rm is removed from the market if it has a nul market share
Replacement by a totally new �rm (role of the HHI).
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Schumpeterian competition
0 25 50 75 100
4. 5
5. 79224
7. 08448
8. 37671
9. 66895
Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_1 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_2 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_3 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_4Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_5 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_6 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_7 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_8Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_9 Curr ent Fi t ness_1_1_10
0 50 100 150 200
0
0. 1125
0. 225
0. 3375
0. 45
Mar ket Shar e_1_1_1 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_2 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_3 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_4 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_5Mar ket Shar e_1_1_6 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_7 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_8 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_9 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_10Mar ket Shar e_1_1_6 Mar ket Shar e_1_1_8
0 50 100 150 200
0
2. 5
5
7. 5
10
Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_1 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_2 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_3 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_4Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_5 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_6 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_7 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_8Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_9 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_10 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_6 Pr oduct Mobi l i t y_1_1_8
0 50 100 150 200
0
2. 5
5
7. 5
10
Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_1 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_2 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_3 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_4 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_5Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_6 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_7 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_8 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_9 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_10Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_6 Pr oduct Pr i ce_1_1_8
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
EcotaxConsumer informationSimulated scenarios
Ecotax (T)
3 possibilities :
T = vkt (materiality) ) xkt 2 [2; 20]T = f (mkt ) (mobility) ) xkt 2 [2; 20]T = f (mkt ) + vkt (total externalities) ) xkt 2 [3; 30]The initial environmental preferences are modi�ed accordingto the considered scenario
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
EcotaxConsumer informationSimulated scenarios
It can be on vkt , f (mkt ) or zkt .
Immediate e¤ect (E ) : If yit � E , the the individual i willtake account of his tolerance to externalities in his purchasingdecision. Moreover, his preferences yit become to be dynamic.
Mediate e¤ect (K ) : percolation. If the number ofecological neighbors of a non-ecological consumer i is at leastequal to a parameter K , then i becomes a ecologically friendlyconsumer too
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
EcotaxConsumer informationSimulated scenarios
The 123 scenarios
For each simulation, an average pollution index is calculated:
yAvt =10
∑k=1
Mskt .ykt
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0
9 . 9
1 0 . 8 3 2 1
1 1 . 7 6 4 3
1 2 . 6 9 6 4
1 3 . 6 2 8 5
K0 E1 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K0 E7 F_ 2 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 3 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 4 _ 1 K0 E1 F_ 5 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K1 E7 F_ 7 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 8 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 9 _ 1K1 E1 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K2 E7 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K2 E5 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K2 E1 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1 K3 E7 F_ 1 7 _ 1K3 E5 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K3 E1 F_ 2 0 _ 1
Mobility ST
1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 . 7
1 1 . 5 4 0 1
1 2 . 3 8 0 3
1 3 . 2 2 0 4
1 4 . 0 6 0 5
K0 E1 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K0 E7 F_ 2 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 3 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 4 _ 1 K0 E1 F_ 5 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K1 E7 F_ 7 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 8 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 9 _ 1K1 E1 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K2 E7 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K2 E5 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K2 E1 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1 K3 E7 F_ 1 7 _ 1K3 E5 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K3 E1 F_ 2 0 _ 1
Materiality ST
1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0
9 . 5
1 0 . 5 5 2 4
1 1 . 6 0 4 7
1 2 . 6 5 7 1
1 3 . 7 0 9 5
K3 E2 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K3 E1 5 F_ 2 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 3 _ 1 K3 E5 F_ 4 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 5 _ 1 K2 E2 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K2 E1 5 F_ 7 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 8 _ 1K2 E5 F_ 9 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K1 E2 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K1 E1 5 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K0 E2 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1K0 E1 5 F_ 1 7 _ 1 K0 E1 0 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 2 0 _ 1
TotalExtern ST
1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 . 1
1 0 . 9 6 6 6
1 1 . 8 3 3 1
1 2 . 6 9 9 7
1 3 . 5 6 6 3
K0 E1 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K0 E7 F_ 2 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 3 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 4 _ 1 K0 E1 F_ 5 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K1 E7 F_ 7 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 8 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 9 _ 1K1 E1 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K2 E7 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K2 E5 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K2 E1 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1 K3 E7 F_ 1 7 _ 1K3 E5 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K3 E1 F_ 2 0 _ 1
Mobility T
1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0
9 . 2
1 0 . 3 1 8 7
1 1 . 4 3 7 4
1 2 . 5 5 6 1
1 3 . 6 7 4 8
K0 E1 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K0 E7 F_ 2 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 3 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 4 _ 1 K0 E1 F_ 5 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K1 E7 F_ 7 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 8 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 9 _ 1K1 E1 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K2 E7 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K2 E5 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K2 E1 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1 K3 E7 F_ 1 7 _ 1K3 E5 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K3 E1 F_ 2 0 _ 1
Materiality T
1 2 5 0 5 0 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0
9
1 0 . 1 5 7 1
1 1 . 3 1 4 3
1 2 . 4 7 1 4
1 3 . 6 2 8 5
K3 E2 0 F_ 1 _ 1 K3 E1 5 F_ 2 _ 1 K3 E1 0 F_ 3 _ 1 K3 E5 F_ 4 _ 1 K3 E2 F_ 5 _ 1 K2 E2 0 F_ 6 _ 1 K2 E1 5 F_ 7 _ 1 K2 E1 0 F_ 8 _ 1K2 E5 F_ 9 _ 1 K2 E2 F_ 1 0 _ 1 K1 E2 0 F_ 1 1 _ 1 K1 E1 5 F_ 1 2 _ 1 K1 E1 0 F_ 1 3 _ 1 K1 E5 F_ 1 4 _ 1 K1 E2 F_ 1 5 _ 1 K0 E2 0 F_ 1 6 _ 1K0 E1 5 F_ 1 7 _ 1 K0 E1 0 F_ 1 8 _ 1 K0 E5 F_ 1 9 _ 1 K0 E2 F_ 2 0 _ 1
Total Extern T
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
1 250 500 750 1000
8
9. 48315
10. 9663
12. 4495
13. 9326
Tot al Ext er n_TaxOnl yF_1_1 TaxMobi l i t yF_2_1 TaxExt ernF_3_1
Ecotax only
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model
IntroductionThe model
Preliminary resultsEnvironmental policies
Main results
Thank you;
Questions ?
Benoît Desmarchelier, Faridah Djellal, Faïz Gallouj Environmental policies and eco-innovation of service �rms: an agent-based adaptation model