Environmental Planning Document Initial Environmental Examination for Kavre Valley Stage: Draft for Consultation Project Number: 36188 June 2010

Nepal: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project

Prepared by Department of Urban Development and Building Construction, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Government of Nepal

The Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Proposed Project .................................................................................................... III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA)

A. Physical Environment .............................................................................................. B. Biological Environment ........................................................................................... C. Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment...............................................................

IV. REVIEW OF NATIONAL POLICY AND ADB REQUIREMENTS

A. Government Policies ............................................................................................... B. National Environmental Guidelines ......................................................................... C. Forest Act 1993 ....................................................................................................... D. Forest Regulation 1995 ........................................................................................... E. Forest Product Collection and Sales Distribution Guidelines 2057 ......................... F. Aquatic Animals Protection Act 1961 ...................................................................... G. The Local Self-Governance Act 1998......................................................................

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

A. Project Alternative ................................................................................................... B. Source Alternative ..................................................................................................

VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Consultation and Participation................................................................................. B. Grievance Redress Mechanism of KVIWSP ...........................................................

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Management of Additional Waste Water Generated by the Water Supply Project. B. Project Management Plan Structure........................................................................ C. Institutional Strentthening and Capacity Development............................................ D. Project's Environmental Management Office........................................................... E. Implementation Schedule of IEE ............................................................................

IX. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Findings ................................................................................................................... B. Recommendations...................................................................................................

X. CONCLUSIONS Tables Table 1 : Water Demand in the Project Area.......................................................................... Table 2 : Year Gazetted and Census Year Included for Banepa Municipality........................ Table 3 : Ratio of Men and Women Headed Households ...................................................... Table 4 : Major Occupation of Households ............................................................................ Table 5 : Type of Houses .......................................................................................................

Table 6 : Level of Monthly Income ......................................................................................... Table 7 : Status of Agricultural Land by Sample Households ................................................ Table 8 : Distribution of Household by Monthly Income Expenditure Levels.......................... Table 9 : Land Area to be acquired and Number of Affected People ..................................... Table 10 : Details of affected water mills owners ..................................................................... Table 11 : Number of HHs Affected by Type of Property Loss................................................. Table 12 : Caste / ethnic background....................................................................................... Table 13 : Education level (6 yrs and above) .......................................................................... Table 14 : Occupational status of affected households (6 yrs and above)............................... Table 15 : Meetings/ Interactions with Project Stakeholders.................................................... Table 16 : Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders ...................................................... Table 17 : Environnemental Enchantement Management Plan ............................................... Table 18 : Mitigation measures and Responsible Agency........................................................

Appendixes

Appendix 1: List of Persons Contacted During the Field Visit ................................................. Appendix 2: Pictorial Highlights.................................................................................................. Appendix 3: Environmental Standards....................................................................................... Appendix 4: Public Notice Published in Rajdhani Daily............................................................ Appendix 5: List of 36-Point Demand Submitted to the PIU by the Community.....................

I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Project1 is to improve quality of life and to help achieve higher and socially inclusive economic growth in key regional centers in Nepal through improved and affordable municipal services delivered effectively, efficiently and reliably by accountable local bodies. The Project will implement urban environmental improvement, on an integrated basis, in the areas of sewerage and drainage, solid waste, and urban roads and lanes in Biratnagar, Birgunj Butwal, and three municipalities of Kavre Valley (Banepa, Panauti and Dhulikhel) located outside Kathmandu Valley. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) focuses on Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project (KVIWSP) in these three municipalities. 2. In accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) assesses the environmental impacts of the KVIWSP. The objectives of the project are to ensure the environmental soundness and sustainability of KVIWSP, and to support the integration of environmental considerations into the project decision-making. The water supply sub-project includes improvement, rehabilitation and extension to cover additional service areas. All three municipalities have existing water supply projects operating but the supply is neither regular nor sufficient enough for the entire urban population of the municipalities. At present, the water supply systems in two towns (Banepa and Panauti) are being operated and maintained by Nepal Water Supply Corporation (NWSC) whereas the water supply system in Dhulikhel is operated and maintained by Water Users Committee (WUC). In this context, a Consortium of Detail Engineering Design and Construction Supervision (DEDCS) consultants of the three municipalities of Banepa, Panauti and Dhulikhel prepared an IEE Report for the Water Supply System Subproject of Kavre Valley. The project proponent DUDBC is responsible for the preparation of IEE report. 3. The Address of Responsible Agency.  

Secondary Towns Integrated Urban and Environmental Improvement Program Department of Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) Babarmahal Kathmandu Phone Number: 01-4262969 Fax: 01-4262729

4. Environmental Category. As per the requirements of GON, the proponent is in process of conducing EIA of KVIWSP. As per the ADB, this project falls under the category “B”, which requires IEE. So this IEE has been prepared in conjunction with EIA studies conducted by the proponent. 5. Methodology. Within the broad framework, the following multidimensional approach and methodology have been applied for conducting IEE of this KVIWSP:

(i) Discussions with detailed design consultant (ii) Review of previous literatures (iii) Review of legislative requirements (iv) Review of environmental guidelines (v) Field observation survey (vi) Public notification

                                                            1 The Project was prepared through a Project Preparatory Technical Assistance. ADB. 2008. Preparing the

Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project. Manila.

(vii) Discussions with stakeholders (viii) Analysis of the significant environmental issues of the proposed KVIWSP project

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Proposed Project 6. The Kavre valley includes three municipalities Banepa, Dhulikhel and Panauti. The project area is situated in the valley of hilly region. This is the nearest valley of Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal. As per the Political division this valley lies in the Bagmati Zone of Kavre District. Dhulikhel, Banepa and Panauti three municipalities are the service area for this water supply project. The source lies in the Kushadevi and Bhumidada VDCs of same district. This valley is almost 32 Km far from the capital city. Arniko Highway links this valley with Kathmandu. All three municipalities have the access of motor able black topped road from Kathmandu. 7. In the service area there are several numbers of water supply schemes. But existing water supply schemes are not adequate to supply sufficient and clean water. Some of the schemes are not in operating conditions. Nowadays, Dhulikhel Municipality has already 19 different small water supply system, Panauti Municipality has 14 and three in Banepa municipality are in operation. However the population pressure on these three Municipalities have not got sufficient and pure water as per the demand. The tariff system is still in operation. The user groups are doing a lot of works to conserve however they could not supply the sufficient water as per the demand. B. Project Objective

(i) To provide improved and safe water supply in the project area; (ii) To cooperate the community to supply the drinking water; and (iii) To provide the technical assistance to water user committee.

C. Project Location 8. Banepa Municipality. Banepa Municipality is one of the 3 municipalities of Kavre District and is situated in the Bagamati Zone of the Central Development Region. Banepa is 26 km east of Kathmansu valley alone the Arniko Highway to China boarder and is bounded on the east by Dhulikhel Municipality and on the south by Panauti Municipality. It covers an area of 828 ha and consists of 11 wards with 15,822 populations as per growth rate about 2.33 % annually based on Nepal Population Report of 2002. Of which Newars are the predominant ethnic group, while Barhamans, Chetris, Jnajatis and Dalits constitute the other major ethnic groups. The major economic activities of the communities in the municipal area are Trade, Technical Education and information and communication centre. About 67 % of the people are found to be economically active, while 2.4% are found to be below poverty line. 9. Dhulikhel Municipality. Dhulikhel Municipality is one of the 3 municipalities of Kavre District and is situated in the Bagamati Zone of the Central Development Region. Dhulikhel is 32 km east of Kathmansu valley along the Arniko Highway. It covers an area of 1398 ha and consists of 9 wards with 11,521 populations as per growth rate about 1.61 % annually based on Nepal Population Report of 2002. Dhulikhel has varied proportion of population of ethnic communities, but is dominated by Newar – 29%, Brahmin – 19%, Tamang 20%, Chhetri – 15% among others. Agriculture / Farming is the single largest occupational group. About half or 52% of the population relies on agriculture income.

10. Panauti Municipality. Panauti Municipality lies 32 km south - East of Kathmandu Valley and is bounded by Banepa Municipality in the North and Dhulikhel Municipality in the North East. The total population is about 25,656 of Which Newars are the predominant ethnic groups and the total municipal areas is about 3295 hectares. It is a town with a highly fertile agricultural hinterland. About 93% of the population depends upon agriculture, specializing in dairy and horticulture. D. Project Size and Beneficiaries 11. The proposed Project area to be served by the project is given as

S N Municipalities Ward no. Households Population as 2001 census

1 Banepa 1-9 2950 Nos. 23068 Nos.

2 Panauti 1-13 4328 Nos. 23882 Nos.

3 Dhulikhel 1-9 1169 Nos 8334 Nos.

Source: Field Visit and municipalities. E. Source Description 12. The proposed project intends to supply the water from 5 sources based on the different aspects. These include technical viability, geographical position, quantity, safety against contamination and treatments facility are the consideration for the selection of the sources. A total of 74.2 lps is the water supply diverted from these sources for this project. 13. The stream sources include the Roshi Khola and its tributaries from the south east side of the service area. The 74.2 lps of water to be diverted will be from the following sources: (i) Roshi, (ii) Shishskhani, (iii) Muldol, (iv) Gudgude, and (v) Khar Khola system. The distance from the service area to the source system includes average 17 km. F. Salient Features of the Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project Name of the project : Kavre valley regional Water Supply Project Type : Gravity System Region : Central development region Zone : Bagmati District : Kavre Municipalities : Banepa, Panauti and Dhulikhel Available Facilities: Road : Access Electricity : Available Water Supply System : Available but inadequate Communication : Available Health services : Available Banking Facility : Available

Source Characteristics Source Name: Roshi, Shishakhani, Muldol, Gudgudeand Khar Khola Source type : Spring fed stream source Source Location : Kushadevi VDC and Bhumi Danda VDC Safe Yield/Transmission main design : 80(35+25+7.5+5+7.5) System demand : 77.4lps Intake : 5Nos Collection Chamber : 8 Nos Service Reservoir (215cum) : 1Nos Sedimentation tank (Double Compartment) : 1Nos Rapid Sand Filter : 1 Nos Valve chamber type I : 6 (2+4)Nos Valve chamber type II : 5 Nos Laboratory building cum lab equipment : 1 Nos Distribution System : Transmission line with Transfermers: 200m

Table: Kavre Valley Water Supply Subproject Components Distribution System Banepa Panauti Dhulikhel

Reservoirs Dhaneshwor Kups Danda,

Devisthan (main) Devisthan, Pipalbot, Thakuri

gaon, Bansghari B/M valve chambers (Type A) 8 Nos 35 Nos B/M valve chambers (Type B) 8 Nos 25 Nos B/M valve chambers (Type C) 8 Nos 15 Nos 5 Nos(SV) B/M valve chambers (Type C) 10 Nos 25 Nos Guard quarter at RVT area 1 1 Generator House and dosing pump House

1

Boundary wall At 4 location 1 Location 5 Location Miscellaneous structure 1 Nos 1 Nos 1 Nos Fire Hydrant 10 sets 8 sets Dismentaling and reselling of the Black Topped Road

1 Job 1 Job 1 Job

Re instate of the Gravel Road 1 Job 1 Job 1 Job House Connections 1233 Nos 1791 Nos 1243 Nos Community Tap Stand 30 79 75 Treatment plant existing system Slow sand with

sedimentation tank(2 nos) Electro mechanical 1 set

Rehabilitation of existing System 1 job 1 Set Transmission pipe line Main Line from Intake to devisthan 16398m Minor line from devisthan to Shreekhandpur

4592m

Distribution Network DI(including Existing Pipeline) 5070m 5850m 3760m GI(including Existing Pipeline) 10338m 34403m 5460m HDPE(including Existing Pipeline) 8105m 27260m Demographics Present Population 23068Nos 23882Nos 8334Nos Base Year population(2009) 24114 Nos 25718 Nos 9445 Nos Design year population(2024) 36688 Nos 36339 Nos 19259 Nos Growth rate(%) 3.50 2.50 1.52 to 3.91 Household Numbers 2950 Nos 4328 Nos

 

 

G. Project Activities 14. The following activities are proposed:

(i) Diversion of water from the five water source system called Roshi, Shishskhani, Muldol Gudgude and Khar Khola system to a single transmission line through five intakes;

(ii) Collection of water in reservoir at Devisthan of Panauti Municipality via a transmission line (16395m) with 74.2 lps of water;

(iii) Water treatment plant at ward no: 11, Gairegaun, Thumki of the Devisthan; (iv) The entire project area is divided into three different portions as per the three

municipalities and they are further divided into different system in the concerned municipalities;

(v) A total of 7 new reservoirs to augment storage capacity; and (vi) The distribution line goes through the different ways to the house of the

costumers homes.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA) A. Physical Environment

1. Topography 15. This project area is located at the mid hill area of the Bagmati zone in Central Development Region of Nepal. The average elevation of this valley is about 1495m above sea level. This valley is 32 Km far from the Kathmandu valley. The Arniko Highway connected this valley with the capital city. This valley is a nearest emerging urban valley with Kathmandu of Nepal.

2. Climate 16. This valley is a plain area surrounded by the mountainous features. The climate of the area is sub-tropical with the temperature ranging from -1°C to 33°C. The rainfall of this valley averages as 1300 mm per year. The precipitation in the project area, as in other parts of Nepal, is influenced by the monsoon. The southeast monsoon commences from early June and ends in the later half of September. The hydrological record of the project area points to the fact that nearly 70% of the annual rainfall occurs during the months of monsoon, while precipitation in late winter (January/ March) contributes less than 25% of the annual precipitation.

3. Existing Water Supply and Demand in the Proposed Area 17. The Kavre valley includes three municipalities Banepa, Dhulikhel and Panauti. There are several existing schemes in operation for water supply. However the poor management of these sources cause the drying of such sources. Present water supply in these municipalities could not fulfill the increasing demand of the water in Kavre Valley. Presently proposed source is a suitable as having all other alternative in terms of cost and safe water. These water sources are also in other uses like irrigation, hydropower, panighatta, etc. However Roshi khola and its tributaries are reliable sources for water supply of the proposed project and downstream users. As per the feasibility report the water available from these sources will fulfill the water demand

for all users. Although March, April and part of May (dry season months) are lean, the water supply is adequate to meet demands. 18. The feasible sources for the combined water system utilizing Rosi Khola Alternative lie to the south of Panauti with Rosi Khola and Bebar Khola having potential for meeting long term water requirements. Rosi Khola has a discharge of about 175 lps even during the dry season, as reported by the Assignment Report of 2002. The Assignment Report clearly states that the proposed system can tap 18 lps from Khar Khola, 18 lps from Gudgude Khola and 35 lps from Muldole Khola for a total discharge of 71 lps. 19. Subsequent investigations of the sources were also undertaken by the PCO/ Project Implementation Support Consultants and PIUs and sources were measured again on June 19, 2005. According to this source measurement data, the measures yields of Muldole Khola was recorded as 42 lps, Kharkhola 9 lps, Gudgude Khola 9 lps and Bairamahadev Khola 8 lps. This dry season measurement at the abstraction points of the Rosi Khola sources indicated a combined safe yield of nearly 70 lps. Continued monitoring of water source yields has been carried out to establish clearly the safe yield available from the five sources even during the driest period. In addition to the available four sources a new additional source at Shishakhani has been identified and monitored continuously. Therefore, sources were measured again on February 12, 2007 and June 2, 2007. The last sources measurement on June 2, 2007 was carried out to obtained driest period available discharge. The summary of discharges at various abstraction points on different date has been presented table below.

Discharge Measurement (lps) of Roshi Khola and Tributaries at Abstraction Point

Source Name Measured Discharge

on 19-06, 2005

Measured Discharge

on 02-12, 2007

Measured Discharge on 02-

06, 2007 Muldole Khola 42.00 49.99 35.95 Biramahadev Kholsi 8.00 14.51 7.07 Gudgude Kholsi 9.00 12.35 2.57 Khar Khola 9.00 12.35 1.84 Shishakhani Kholsi 20.73 18.15 Total 68.00* 109.93 65.58 Note : *Total discharge excluding Shishakhani.

20. Although the measured discharge in Khar Khola is 1.84 lps just downstream of Dhulikhel Water Supply System’s abstraction, for the water resource assessment the discharge upstream of the abstraction has been taken and consumptive use by Dhulikhel water supply system has been considered in water balance.

4. Water Availability of Different Sources 21. This section comprises of water resource assessment of Roshi Khola and its tributaries in order to determine available water for the abstraction purposes. The available water from Roshi Khola and its tributaries has been assessed by utilizing over all basin concept based on IWRM principle (Integrated water resources management). Initially secondary information (available literature, maps, aerial photographs, etc.) relevant to the Roshi basin were collected and reviewed. The available secondary information has been further triangulated and updated in the field visit. In order to carry out water resources assessment of each proposed river for abstractions has been dealt individual basin (sub-basin) and overall basin. The consumptive and non consumptive use of sub basin and its affect on other basin has been carried out.

22. Present Water Supply Situation in Panauti. Panauti Municipality is served by a water supply scheme consisting of intakes at Harirukhdol spring khola and Mul khola source, 3.8 km of 50 - 100 mm size transmission pipeline and two reservoirs of 140 m3 and 500 m3 capacities. The water from these reservoirs is supplied to consumers through 2.5 km long distribution system of size ranging from 100 mm - 40 mm_ The system serves ward no 5,6 and 7 of municipality through about 300 private connections and 55 stand posts. 23. Panauti water supply system is presently managed by NWSC through its branch office at Banepa. The plumber and the revenue collectors visit regularly to Panauti for repair of system and revenue collection works.

24. The water supply situation in Panauti municipality is very poor. The area supplied by piped water supply receive water for few hours during wet season but situation becomes acute in dry season when supply reduces to one hour every alternate day. There is great demand for new private connections from various urbanized areas but connections have not been given due to lack of water and pipe system to cover all areas. 25. The quality of supplied water is generally satisfactory except during dry season water becomes turbid. The water is supplied after disinfection by bleaching powder. 26. The piped water supply system serves about 27 % population of Panauti municipality. The rest of population is served by 58 small schemes and 40 spring sources scattered through out municipal area. In ward no. 1, there are 10 small schemes consisting of 10 reservoir tanks with total combined storage capacity of 102 m3 serving the ward population through 64 tap connections. In ward No.3, 7 small schemes in ward serve the population through 54 tap connections. Similarly 5 schemes in ward no 4, 3 schemes in ward no. 8, 5 schemes in ward no. 9, 10 schemes in ward no 10. 7 schemes in ward no. 11, 7 schemes in ward no 12 and 3 schemes in ward no 13 serve the population of various wards of municipality through 576 tap connections. Ward no. 12 and 13 are served by comparatively bigger schemes and covers most of the ward. 27. The present total production of water from main Panauti water supply system is 0.3 Mld.

28. Present Water Supply Situation in Banepa. Dhaneshwar Water supply system is the first piped water supply system of Banepa municipality. It was constructed in 1941 with Dhaneswore khola as the source. The system consisted of intake structure, a reservoir of 25 m3 capacity and 65 mm diameter distribution pipeline to old part of Banepa town. A new intake was constructed in 1986 to tap leakage water and was subsequently improved in 1990 by constructing 5 feet cement tanks of 25 m3 capacity each and installing a new 100 mm pipeline to highway area. 29. Sashipani System is the largest water supply system in Banepa municipality. It was constructed by DWSS in 1974 and serves Ward Nos 1,2,3,4,5,7,8 and 9. The system consisted of an intake at Sashipani source, about 7.5 km 150/100 mm transmission pipeline, 450 m3 capacity reservoir, a roughening filter and the distribution network pipes varying in size from 150mm to 50 mm diameter.

30. Chandeswori Water Supply scheme serves only ward no 1 near the Chandeswari temple. The scheme consisted of an intake, 80 m3 reservoir and 50 mm diameter distribution pipeline to serve the houses in the vicinity of the temple area.

31. Dhaneshwar and Sashipani water supply schemes are operated and maintained by Nepal Water Supply Corporation while a Water Users Committee manages Chandeswari water supply scheme.

32. The present water supply systems in Banepa municipality serves mainly built up areas. The population is served through 133 private connections and 33 public stand posts. The population covered by private connections and public stand posts is 55 % and 21 % while the rest (24 %) using unprotected water. The supply situation in Banepa is not good. The water is supplied for about 2 hour every day in wet season. The supply situation becomes very critical during dry season when available water dwindles to about half. The duration of supply reduces to 1 hour every alternate day in dry season. The available water becomes insufficient to meet even the minimum demand at this time and tanker water is supplied by NWSC at critical times. 33. Dhaneshwar system and Sashipani system distribution network are not connected and two systems are operated separately. Due to this separate operation, there is no balance in supply pressure and time. As a result some areas of municipality face more scarcity than the other. 34. The quality of water supplied is not good. The water has very high turbidity especially during the rainy season. The water from Sashipani source contained large amount of silt during rainy season since last few years. The roughening filter at Sashipani reservoir sit clogged by silt and stopped functioning after a night of heavy rainfall. The water is supplied to consumers after chlorination by bleaching powder, which is mixed and dose manually.

35. Present Water Supply Situation in Dhulikhel. The present water supply system in Dhulikhel Municipality is mixed. People are served by the WUC managed Khar Khola system (serving wards 2,3,4,5 and part of wards 1, 6, 7) 24 hours a day by good quality water which is treated throughout the year. 36. The water supply for the rest of the population is very poor, with insufficient quantity during the dry season and very poor quality during the rainy season as there is no treatment. The Khar khola water supply system was built in 1987 with financial assistance of the German Government and GoN, and is the main water supply for Dhulikhel. Water is tapped from Khar Khola by a 14km long 150mm dia DI transmission line. The main components of the system are a weir intake, sedimentation tank, roughing filter, slow sand filter and 500cum masonry reservoir. The system presently serves 814 private connections and 27 stand posts. It also serves 29 stand posts of the old system built in 1950. The dry season yield of the source is estimated at 32lps of which 14.75 lps has been tapped by the present system.

37. Thirty other smaller sources serve 150 stand posts to the remainder of the population. Most of these small schemes were built by DWSS and some NGO’s, as the water being supplied is not treated, the quality of the water, although generally good at other times, is poor during the rainy season. These systems are presently being operated and maintained by DWSS and the municipality. Most of these schemes need rehabilitation. The Dhulikhel municipality is keen to improve the water supply situation in these areas.

5. Water Demand in the Project Area 38. The total water demand is calculated as per the population increment rate. The standard life and other management activities are taken in to consideration to find the total water demand

of the project area. The following table-1 gives the Total water demand of the following three municipalities.

Table 1: Total water demand

S N Municipalities Base year 2009 (liter

per day) Designed year 2024 (liter

per day)

1 Banepa 2,115,987.00 3,185,196.00 2 Panauti 2,083,762.00 3,004,396.00 3 Dhulikhel 808,520.00 1,690,788.00 Total Demand 5,008,269.00 7,880,379.00

6. Land Use Pattern

39. The land use pattern of this valley shows that almost 6% area is utilized for the settlement, 30% is comprised by the forest, 60% as the agricultural land and remaining 4% area composed for other utilizations. This shows that land use of this valley is dominated mainly by agricultural area. B. Biological Environment

1. Forest and Vegetation

40. In Kavre valley, the forest cover is significant as average 30% area is forest cover area. Forest and plant diversity in the KVIWSP project area is very rich due to its location in the mid-hills of Nepal with pronounced altitudinal variation. As Central Nepal is a meeting point of humid eastern and dry western Himalayan flora, the project area is recognized as an intermixing zone of these two contrast floristic elements that further clarifies its diverse nature in its flora and fauna. However, due to the scattered old village settlements in this area, the natural vegetation has been largely modified , and whatever is present now are heavily degraded forest patches, some fodder and timber trees, mostly conserved for domestic uses, bushes and agricultural land. But due to much disturbance and exposed to open condition and availability of sufficient light, the floral diversity is found a bit high where different plant species of moderate life-forms are found to grow. 41. Comprehensive studies on flora and forest vegetation of the project site are lacking. However, some earlier studies conducted in the adjoining areas and in the district are found highly useful that provide some information about the flora, vegetation and medicinal uses of plants (Bhattarai, 1992; Kanai et al., 1975; DMP, 1976; Mahat et al. 1985). 42. On the basis of vegetation zonation, the site for the KVIWSP Project lies in the Schima – Castanopsis zone in the sub-tropical climatic belt of Nepal (TISC, 2002; Shrestha, 1999). The project site has observed dominancy of Schima forest in this altitude in Central Nepal. 43. Though the primary forest in the project area has been almost changed, however, three types of plant communities have been recognized in the project site.

(i) Schima walichii forest; (ii) Mixed broad-leaved forest; and

(iii) Alnus woods.

2. Forest Management 44. Most of the project area natural forests are government managed forest. The private woodlands of small size are found scattered, however, are not officially registered under private forestry. The government managed forest is managed directly by the district forest office or are given for management to the local community as community forestry under the community forestry rules and guidelines or is given to individuals or groups as leasehold forestry under leasehold forestry rules and guidelines. 45. Within the project affected area, the above three categories of government managed forest exist. The forests affected directly by the project structure and facilities; however, belong to the government managed forest managed by the Community User Groups as Community forest.

3. Vegetation Biodiversity 46. The list of common flora in and around the project site fairly explains the richness and diversity. But the inhabitants of the surrounding population have largely modified the natural vegetation, especially in the last 3-4 decades. Currently the area is having partly conserved Schima wallichii forest, mixed broad-leaved forest and newly established Alnus nepalensis woodlands.

4. Status of Ground Layer Biomass 47. Depending upon the degradation condition, the ground layer vegetation and its coverage differs from place to place of the project areas. Common shrub and herb layer species of the sites are Colebrokia oppositifolia, Hypericum sp., Rubus ellipticus, Woodfordia friuiticosa, Berberis asiatica, Osbekia sp., Inula cappa, Artemisia sp., Eupatorioum adenophorum, Salvia sp., Boenninghausenia albiflora, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Ageratum conyzoides, urtica dioca, Cissampelos sp., Solanum xanthocarpum, Bistorta capitata, Achyranthus aspera, Bidens pilosa, etc.

5. Agro-biodiversity 48. The local people of the area have been using the vegetations for various uses as staple food (cereals), vegetables, timber, fodder, etc.

6. Wildlife 49. The KVIWSP sites are not the natural habitats of wildlife. The area is highly influenced by human settlements. The natural habitats of the wildlife, particularly mammals are located high above along the hill and mountain ridges and occasionally visit the project sites and ancillary facility sites in the night. The birds and herpotofauna found in the area are the species which have accustomed to the human settlements. 50. The common mammals that are found in the surrounding of the project area are Rhesus Monkey, Jackles, Ghorals, tiger, leopard etc. The common aves species are house sparrow, parrot, Kaliz, Peacock, Dhukur, Titra, House crow etc. Beside it lizard & snake are the reptiles

found in the project area. Fish species in Rosi khola and its tributaries are Asala (Schizothorax richardsonii ) Katle (Acrossocheilus hexagonolepis ), are found in the river and stream system. C. Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment 51. The project area of Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project includes three municipalities of Kavre valley, Banepa, Dhulikhel and Panauti. A survey was conducted in 2005 to complete the final feasibility study of Kavre Valley Integreted Water Supply Project. Some of the data are taken from that survey.

1. Population and Demography 52. Panauti Municipality. The total population of the Panauti municipality is 25,563 as per the last census. The annual growth rate is 2.07%. Among them male population is 14,724 and female population is 14,782. About the ethnic composition there are 11 castes in this Municipality including Tamang, Newar, Dalit, Magars, Sanyasi, Thakuri, Pahari, Bhujel,Majhi, Gurung and Rai. The total literacy rate of this municipality is 82.80%, whereas the female literacy rate is 73.66% and male literacy rate 92.14%. 53. Banepa. Banepa Municipality is one of the 3 municipalities of Kavrepalanchowk District, Central Development Region, Nepal. Banepa achieved the status of a municipality in 1982 (2038 BS) and includes the entire area of the former Chandeswori VDC, Banepa VDC, Dakchuu Tole VDC and ward 5 of Shreekhandapur VDC. Banepa Municipality covers an area of 828 ha and consists of 9 wards with a total year population of 15,822 according to 2001 Census The population of the municipality has been increased at the rate of 2.62 percent per annum during the period of 1991-2001 compared to national average urban growth of 6.65 percent/annum (Table below).

Table 2: Year Gazetted and Census Year Included for Banepa Municipality Year Gazetted Census Year Included and Population

1961 1991 2001 1982 5,688 12,537 15,822

Source: Population Monograph of Nepal, CBS/UNFPA 2003.

54. The municipality accommodates 3015 household with the average family size of 5.24, compared to national average urban household of 4.9. Of the total population, 50.2% are women. The population density of the town is calculated to be 2846 which is significantly higher than the national average density figure of the urban area (985 person/km2). 55. Seventeen percent of the families in the municipality are headed by women and this ratio is similar to national urban average percentage of women headed households (Table below).

Table 3: Ratio of Men and Women Headed Households Head Total Households % Men 2,496 82.8

Women 519 17.2 Total 3,015 100

Source: Population Census 2001, Selected Urban Tables CBS Nov 2003.

56. Newar, the indigenous community of Banepa are the dominant ethnic group dwelling in the project area. Newar population represent 82.77% of the population followed by Brahmin (12.18%), Chhetri (3.21%) etc.

57. The CBS information on housing unit reveal that majority of the households (73%) own Pakki type of house, followed by semi-pakki (18%), kacchi ( 7.0%) and other (2.3%) . According to the sample survey, 75% households are residing in own house and 25% in the rented houses. 58. Dhulikhel. The total population of the Dhulikhel Municipality as per the last census is 14,388. Among this population, the total household of that municipality is 2,317 and the average family size is 5.47. According to the ethnicity perspective this municipality consist 5 different castes. The project area is diverse in religious perspective containing Hindu, Buddha, Kirat, Christian, and Muslims in this municipality. 59. Ethnicity: Dhulikhel has varied proportion of population from ethnic communities such as Newar - 29%, Brahmin - 19%, Tamang 20%, Chhetri - 15% and the rest 17% involve Dalit, Magar, Lama, Thakur etc.

2. Wealth and Income Indicators 60. Panauti Municipality. In economic status, various components are analyzed. These components are directly or indirectly related to indicate the measurement of well being ranking of the municipality. However, as mentioned in PPMS manual, the survey team especially focuses on absolute poverty. There are various ways to measure absolute poverty from calories analysis to income sources and health and literacy and so forth. Among these measures, the report presents the analysis of absolute poverty focusing on household income level based on 10% sample survey. Absolute poverty is known as subsistence poverty since it is based on assessment of minimum subsistence requirements. It is usually measured by pricing the basic necessities of life, drawing a poverty line in terms of this price, and defining those as poor whose monthly average household income falls below a certain figure. As per ADB’s definition of absolute poverty it is measured in terms of minimum caloric requirement plus essential non food components. In this respect, The Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS) of 1995 – 1996 of the average Nepali households that a per capita annual income of Rs. 4,404 is required to obtain an average of 2,124 calories per person per day. However, the demographic composition of an average Nepali household changed between 1995–1996 and 2003–2004, the requisite number of calories consumption was recommended to be 2,144 per person per day as per Trends in Nepal, CBS, and 2005 Report. To obtain 2,144 calories per capita annual income of Rs. 4,768 (Rs. 3,143 for food and Rs. 1,624 for non food) are required. Hence an average monthly income per household is set a value of Rs. 2,384 (Rs. 4,768/12*6 = Rs. 2,384) as the basis of measurement of absolute poverty assuming an average household size of 6 persons on the basis of the household survey finding. On the basis of this, emphasis was given on acquiring the correct information in income level of surveyed sample households to determine hardcore groups in identified areas of the municipality. Based on the above set value of Rs. 2,384, the sample household survey of Panauti reveals that 7.6% urban households are assessed as being below absolute poverty line. The survey finding also indicates that majority households in Panauti municipality have well wealth ranking (37.5%) with up to 1 to 3 ropanies of agriculture land; 26.8% with both 3 to 6 and 6 to 10 ropanies of residential land). At the same time 15.6% households are constructed from cement mortar wall and 12% from concrete pillar/beam. 61. Occupation. In the municipality, self employed is major sector of occupation, in which 36.7% of total sample populations are engaged. This data is followed by household works (15.2%) and trade business (15.0%). Being further division on agricultural activities, the survey

shows that majority in agriculture sector involve in self agriculture (10.1%), hired agriculture (2.1%).

Table 4: Major Occupation of Households SN Occupation Percentage

1. Service / Job 11.2

2. Self Employed 36.7

3. Trade / Business 15.0

4. Self Agriculture 10.1

5. Hired Agriculture 2.1

6. Animal Farming 1.2

7. Daily Wage Labour 8.5

8. Household Works 15.2

Total 100.00

Source: Household Sample Survey, November 2006, NJS in association with NC.

62. Frame structure, cement masonry, mud masonry/ wooden wall, wooden matt wall and temporary construction. The temporary construction comprises of houses without proper foundation, floors, walls constructed with no mortar, roof and windows/doors not fixed permanently and usually of one storey and they can be dismantled very easily without destroying the materials. The total selected households are 250 in number. In Panauti, majority of households (71.6%) are mud masonry/ wooden wall followed by cement masonry (15.6%), RCC frame structure (12%). Insignificant HHs are wooden mat. Housing with temporary construction are not found in the selected sample wards (Table below).

Table 5: Type of Houses

RCC Frame Structure

Cement Masonry

Mud Masonry / Wooden Wall

Wooden Mat Wall

Temporary Construction

Total Ward #

No. of Sample HHs

Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos %

2 5 2 40.0 2 40.0 1 20.0 5 2.0

3 3 2 66.6 1 33.3 3 1.4

4 10 4 40.0 3 30.0 3 30.0 10 4.7

5 86 11 12.7 18 20.9 56 65.1 1 1.1 86 40.7

6 59 1 1.6 7 11.8 51 86.4 59 27.9

7 50 4 8.0 45 90.0 1 2.0 50 23.7

8 6 1 16.6 5 83.3 6 2.8

9 1 1 100 1 0.4

12 30 6 20.0 7 23.3 17 56.6 30 12.0

Total 250 30 12.0 39 15.6 179 71.6 2 0.8 250 115.9 Source: Household Sample Survey, November 2006, NJS in association with NC.

63. Level of Household Income. There are different trends to address poverty for its measures. Among them, monthly income may be one of the variables to be addressed poverty. In this context, households which have an average monthly income below NRs. 2,384 are considered as ultra poor/hardcore. The status of well being will be higher as increased in monthly income. Therefore, the levels of income are classified into below NRs.2,384, NRs.2,384 to NRs.4,500, NRs.4,500 to NRs.7,500, NRs.7,500 to NRs.10,000 and above NRs.10,000.

Among them, there are only 7.6% households with monthly income of less than 2,384. Second group includes households with income from NRs. 2,384 to NRs. 4,500, which comprises 13.2% of the total households. 28% of sample households have income ranging from NRs. 4,500 to NRs. 7,500; 15.2% households have income ranging from NRs. 7,500 to NRs. 10,000 and 36% of households have above NRs. 10,000 which is reflected in Table below  

Table 6: Level of Monthly Income

Sample HHs with Income Level (Rs)

Upto 2,384 >2,384 to

4,500 >4,500 to

7,500 >7,500 to

10,000 Above 10,000 Total Ward #

No. of Sample

HHs Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos %

Average Income

(Rs.)

2 5 1 20.0 2 40.0 2 40.0 5 2.0 10,300.00

3 3 1 33.3 2 66.6 3 1.2 11,694.44

4 10 3 30 1 10.0 2 20.0 4 40.0 10 4.0 9,058.33

5 86 5 5.8 11 12.8 24 27.9 7 8.1 39 45.3 86 34.4 10,506.48

6 59 2 3.4 15.3 8.4 20 33.9 12 20.3 16 27.1 59 23.6 9,546.61

7 50 4 8.0 8 16.0 14 28.0 10 20.0 14 28.0 50 20.0 8,980.83

8 6 2 33.3 1 16.6 1 16.7 2 33.3 6 2.4 7,513.89

9 1 1 100.0 1 0.4 16,666.67

12 30 3 10.0 3 10.0 8 26.7 6 20.0 10 33.3 30 12.0 9,553.00

Total: 250 19 7.6 33 13.2 70 28.0 38 15.2 90 36.0 250 100.0 10,424.47Source: Household Sample Survey, November 2006, NJS in association with NC.

64. Land Holding Pattern. Out of the total sampled HHs, over 90 % HHs have some agricultural land. Among them, 37.5% HHs have 1 to 3 ropani agriculture land followed by 3 to 6 ropanies (25%), up to 1 ropani (18.1), 6 to 10 ropani (11.2%) and above 10 ropanies (8.1%).

Table 7: Status of Agricultural Land by Sample Households

Households Having Agricultural Land in Ropani

Upto 1 1 to 3 3 to 6 6 to 10 Above 10 Total Ward # No. of

Sample HHs

Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos %

2 5 4 80.0 1 20.0 5 3.1

3 3 3 100.0 3 1.8

4 10 1 33.3 2 66.6 3 1.8

5 86 7 8.1 15 46.8 3 9.3 1 3.1 6 18.7 32 20.0

6 59 8 17.3 17 36.9 14 30.4 6 13.0 1 2.1 46 28.7

7 50 10 23.2 16 37.2 10 23.2 3 6.9 4 9.3 43 26.8

8 6 2 50.0 2 50.0 4 2.5

9 1 1 100 1 0.6

12 30 9 34.6 9 34.6 6 23.0 2 7.6 26 16.2

Total 250 29 18.1 60 37.5 40 25.0 18 11.2 13 8.1 163 100.0 Source: Household Sample Survey, November 2006, NJS in association with NC.

65. Banepa Municipality--Occupation Income and Expenditure. The occupational division of the project beneficiaries is analyzed based on the main occupation of the head of the family. Almost 15.51% of households of the project area are engaged in the farming activity,

38.5% in business, 2.14% as a wage labour and 9.09% in service/job. Few households are also engaged in non- agricultural wage labour. 66. On the basis of annual income, households are categorized into four groups. Households having income less than NRs. 3000 monthly are 5.35%. Similarly, those households with income from NRs. 3001- 4500, NRs. 4500- 7500 and NRs. 7500 - 10000 are 2.67, 19.79 and 37.97% respectively. The fifth category included 34.22% households with the monthly income between of above NRs. 10000 (Table-8). 67. Unlike the income, the expenditure pattern of the households is also categorized into few different ranges of amount. According to this analysis, 4.28% of the total households spend less than NRs. 3000 per month. Similarly, 10.17% households spend NRs. 3001 to 4500 per month, 24.6% household spend NRs. 4500 to 7500 per month and 33.69% households expend NRs. 7501 to 10500. Similarly, 27.28% households fall under the fifth category of expenditure group (i.e.> NRs. 10,000/month (Table-8).

Table 8: Distribution of Household by Monthly Income Expenditure Levels Income Expenditure Range

HHs % HHs %

0-3000 10 5.35 8 4.28

3,001-4,500 5 2.67 19 10.17

4,501-7,500 37 19.79 46 24.6

7,501-10,000 71 37.97 63 33.69

Above 10,001 64 34.22 51 27.28

Total 187 100 187 100.00

68. Investment Priorities and Willingness. Households were asked about investment priority of development work they really need in their area. The priority of the majority of the survey households is water supply and sanitation. 69. More than 74% of the households showed their willingness to have a tap connection in their houses. The number of households not willing for tap connection is reported to be is about 5.50%. Among the not willing households to connect private tap, majority stated that they already have access to water. 70. Similarly, with respected to the willingness of monthly water tariff, majority of the responder’s (20%) are willing to pay less than Nrs. 50/ month only. Another 27% households have expressed their willingness to pay Nrs. 100- 250/ month as a water tariff. Rest expressed their satisfaction to pay as per the rule stated by the government. 71. Status of below Poverty Line Households. According to the income group classification, a household below poverty line (households having less than Rs 3000/month income) is 10 i.e. 5.35 % of total population of 187 households. Total poverty line households’ population is estimated to be 59. Of the total population below poverty line, 45.70 percent are female. 72. Dhulikhel Municipality—Occupation. Agriculture/Farming is the single largest occupational group. About half or 52.8% people have stated their main income as agriculture. A large proportion of people depend on wage earning (20.4%). The wage employment is mainly related to the service sector. Business is the third largest source of income, where some 13.9

percent people depend. The business activities include the retail trading, hotels and restaurant, live animal marketing, etc. Remittances are only 3.4% and the rest have varied occupations as construction, tailoring, labours etc. 73. Income. The average income in the project area is NRs. 4,916 per month per household. It varies from NRs. 3,000 to more than 10,000 per house hold on group average basis. 74. Income distribution show that about 63.1% people are in the middle income range of NRs. 3001 - NRs. 10000 per house hold monthly. This provides good base for the WUSC to implement the water supply and sanitation system and to sustain it. Household income below NRs. 3,000 constitutes only 37% of the households. 75. Expenditure and Savings: The number of households falling in the middle income class (i.e. Rs. 3,001 - 10,000) is 870 or 74.4% of the total. Thus nearly seventy five percent of the people have the monthly consumption levels above the Rs. 3,000 level mark. On the savings side, almost all households reported some savings.

3. Education and Gender Aspects 76. Panauti Municipality. Education can be measured with the level of literate or illiterate of the population. Literacy is perhaps the most important single means of attaining social and economic development. The present study has made an attempt to ascertain literacy status recorded of the population in the municipality. 6% of the population is below the age cohort 6 years who are excluded in literacy level by account of not enrolment in school. Therefore, of the total 1515 population, 15.3% are illiterate. The literate groups are further divided into different levels like just literate, SLC passed, and intermediate, diploma and degree, which in total comprise nearly 85% population. Among the literates, majority (50.7%) are just literate, who can only read and write with arithmetical knowledge followed by SLC passed (14.8), intermediate (7.7%) diploma (3.4%) and degree (1.7%). 77. Banepa Municipality. The educational status of the Banepa municipality recorded by CBS 2001 reveal that 12 percent of the populations are totally illiterate and 27 percent population have obtained only primary level education. 78. The project area is served by 28 schools. These schools are located mainly in ward 3, 6 and 10. These schools hold 8440 students and 338 Teachers / staff.

79. Dhulikhel Municipality. The literacy rate among the population is high as 65.7 percent. The rest 34.6% are illiterate. The literates have different levels of school education. Almost 20 percent of the population have passed SLC or above. The gender representation among the students in the project area is equitable but the proportion of women-teachers is significantly lower.

IV. REVIEW OF NATIONAL POLICY AND ADB REQUIREMENTS A. Government Policies 80. Nepal has addressed environmental problems through policy initiatives since 1988. Environmental policies emphasize the importance of environmentally sound development.

1. Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP)

81. Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan was indorsed in 1993 to further institutionalize environmental protection in the development projects. It aims: TO MANAGE NATURAL AND PHYSICAL RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY AND SUSTAINABLY; TO BALANCE THE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

FOR SUSTAINABLE FULFILMENT OF BASIC NEEDS; TO SAFEGUARD NATIONAL HERITAGE;

TO MITIGATE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND HUMAN ACTIONS; AND

TO INTEGRATE ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT THROUGH APPROPRIATE INSTITUTIONS, ADEQUATE LEGISLATION AND ECONOMIC INCENTIVES, AND

SUFFICIENT PUBLIC RESOURCES. 82. Policies, actions, responsible organization and time frame proposed in NEPAP are in following areas; SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES: LAND MANAGEMENT, SOIL

FERTILITY MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION, STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF FOREST AND RANGELAND, FORESTRY RESEARCH AND

EXTENSION, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATERSHED PROTECTION, AND MANAGEMENT OF KEY WATERSHEDS;

POPULATION, HEALTH AND POVERTY: POPULATION GROWTH AND PRESSURE ON AVAILABLE RESOURCES, POPULATION POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES, HEALTH AND

SANITATION, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, ENVIRONMENT AND POPULATION, OFF-FARM EMPLOYMENT;

SAFEGUARDING NATURAL HERITAGE: BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ITS STATUS, PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT, CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS STATUS, PRESERVING CULTURAL HERITAGE, TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS;

AND MITIGATING ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL

DEVELOPMENT, URBANIZATION, URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT, AIR AND WATER POLLUTION, SPECIAL CASE OF KATHMANDU VALLEY, INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT - IRRIGATION, ROADS, HYDROELECTRICITY.

2. Tenth Five Year Plan (TFYP) (2002-2007) 83. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector. The long term vision of the water supply and sanitation sector in the TFYP is to contribute towards raising the living standard and the status of the public health by making sustainable and equitable water supply and sanitation services available. The objective of this sector are to ensure sustainable water supply and services and healthy environment by institutionalizing socially inclusive development initiatives, gradually providing purified drinking water to the whole population, providing treatment facility with an

inclusive sewerage system in urban, semi-urban areas and emerging towns; and providing toilets using appropriate technology in rural areas. The National Water Plan 2005, has set the target of achieving total population coverage of basic level drinking water supply and sanitation services by the year 2017 84. Environmental Components in TFYP

(i) Long-term vision: TO MAKE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MORE EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH

THE CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE, TO CREATE CLEAN AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT BY CONTROLLING POLLUTION,

TO ATTAIN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH WISE USE OF AVAILABLE NATURAL RESOURCES.

(ii) Objectives:

TO APPROPRIATE HIGHER EMPHASIS ON CONSERVATION, PROTECTION, RESTORATION AND WISE USE OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT SO AS TO ENSURE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH STRENGTHENED INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,

TO CONTROL URBAN PROTECTION AND TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BY ENSURING SELF-INSPIRED PARTICIPATION.

(iii) Strategies:

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SHALL BE INTERNALIZED WITH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES.

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS SHALL BE ENHANCED THROUGH EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND PRIVATE SECTOR, LOCAL BODIES

AND CIVIL SOCIETY. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP SHALL BE ENSURED.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS SHALL BE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED.

NECESSARY INDICATORS SHALL BE DEVELOPED FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT. EIA PROCESS SHALL BE MADE MORE EFFECTIVE IN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.

MONITORING OF THE IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF THE PROJECTS OF WHICH EIA HAD BEEN CARRIED OUT.

INTRODUCTION OF STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (SEA) WILL BE MADE. MAINSTREAMING OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND PROMOTION ISSUED IN

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES.

B. National Environmental Guidelines

1. National EIA Guidelines 85. As recommended by National Conservation Strategy and Nepal’s Seventh Five Year Plan, National Planning Commission (NPC) with assistance from IUCN prepared the National

EIA Guidelines which provides the procedural guideline for integrating environmental aspects in the development projects. Those guidelines were prepared entirely through a participatory process with a view to suit the local context. The guidelines were endorsed by the Nepal Government on 27 September 1992 and gazette on 19 July 1993 in volume 45, number 5. The guidelines contain objective, criteria for project screening, IEE, scoping, preparation of TOR, format for EIA report, impact identification and prediction, mitigation measures, report review, monitoring, evaluation and auditing. Community participation, schedules and annexes to IEE and EIA. 86. Community participation has received prominent place in the guidelines. The guidelines mention that the effectiveness of an EIA is determined largely by how successfully the community has been involved and that community participation is necessary during project identification; feasibility and scoping; IEE, detailed EIA study; monitoring, evaluation and auditing phases. Section 49 of the guideline also stipulates that local beneficiaries, target groups, user groups, affected groups, special interest groups, relevant government and private sector agencies, local leaders and academic groups, relevant non-governmental organizations and experts must be involved in the EIA process.

2. EIA Guidelines for Water Resources Sector 1994 87. An EIA guideline for water resource sector is one of the guidelines drafted by the Government of Nepal as a part of the NCS implementation programme for facilitating the environmental consideration in development projects. The salient features are a) identification of positive and negative impacts of water resource projects over both short-term and long-term period on natural and human environments. b) development of mitigation management and monitoring plan, and c) public hearing and interaction with affected group, NGOs, donors and the relevant government agencies

3. EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector 1995 88. The forestry sector EIA guidelines aim to facilitate the sustainable use of forest resources for the socio-economic development and to meet the basic needs of the communities for forest products. The positive and negative impacts of any development project in the forest area are to be identified and plans must be developed to minimize environmental damage, conserving genetic resources and bio-diversity.

4. National Legislation Framework 89. Legislation in environmental conservation aspects is available in different sectors in scattered form. Most of sector specific environmental conservation legislation is more utilization oriented than conservation oriented. It is natural that this type of legislation is not meant for environmental conservation but to regulate the utilization of natural resources. Due to this reason before the enactment of EPA, it may also seen to be lack of co-ordination among the institutions, the demarcation of responsibility and jurisdiction often lead to duplication of functions and shifting of the responsibility. Realizing the inability of such scattered sector-specific environmental legislation, an umbrella Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1996 and Environmental Protection Rules (EPR) 1997 were promulgated through Ministry of Population and Environment.

5. EPA 1996, EPR 1997

90. In the process of internalizing the environmental assessment system in development proposals, government of Nepal enacted the EPA 1996 and EPR 1997 which make the integration of IEE and EIA legally binding to the prescribed projects. EPR was amended in 1999. The EPR adopts the environmental assessment criteria mentioned in the National EIA Guidelines. However, the EPR establishes the administrative framework for assessing, exhibition and determination of the EIA, in terms of issues needing to be addressed and the format of EIA document. 91. Major highlights of EPA1996 are as follows: Section 3 : It requires the proponent to carryout IEE and EIA as prescribed. Section 4 : No one is supposed to implement the proposal without approval from the

concerned agency. Section 5 : In order to implement any proposal, the proponent should submit the proposal

along with its report on IEE or EIA to the concerned agency for approval. Section 6(1) The relevant agency is empowered to grant approval for the IEE report, only if it

finds that no significant adverse effects will be caused to environment by the implementation of the proposal. The government agency is required to forward the EIA report submitted along with proposal to it, with its opinion on the report to the Ministry of Environment.

Section 6(2) While examining the IEE proposal, if it is found necessary to carry out EIA of such a proposal, the concerned agency can issue an order to carry out EIA.

Section 6(3) Any member of the public is entitled to copy the EIA report through the Ministry on their own initiative and at their own expense for the purpose of providing their opinion or suggestions on it.

Section 6(4) MoE is empowered to set up a committee to provide opinions on EIA received by it. Section 6(5) While granting approval to any proposal, MoE is required to take into account

public comments received on the EIA report and the opinion of the committee, if any. The Ministry can only grant its approval if it does not seem to cause significant adverse impact on the environment.

Section 6(6) : If it appears from the IEE or EIA report that significant adverse impact could be mitigated or controlled, the concerned agency or Ministry may grant approval with prescription of necessary terms.

92. EPR, 1997(Amendment 1999) Rule 3 : The proponent is required to carryout IEE or EIA as per Schedule 1& 2

respectively. Rule 4 : Before preparing an EIA report, the proponent should publish a 15 –day’s

public notice to provide the stakeholders to offer their opinions and concerns in writing on the proposal. The proponent should prepare and submit the scoping report to the concerned agency and forward to MoE for approval and MoE should determine the scope of EIA study as submitted or amended.

Rule 5 : In case of IEE report, the proponent should prepare and submit the TOR and get approval from concerned agency while in case of EIA report, the proponent should prepare and submit the TOR to the concerned agency, which should forward it to MoE for necessary approval.

Rule 6 : In case, the approving agency of IEE report finds appropriate to carry out EIA, the proponent should fulfil all the formalities of the EIA process.

Rule 7(1) : The proponent should prepare IEE and EIA report in the format as indicated in schedule 5 of the EPR, 1997.

Rule 7(2) : In case of IEE report, the proponent should notice the concerned VDC, municipality, DDC, schools, Health posts, and hospital through a National level daily newspaper to offer their opinions and suggestions in writing within 15 days and prepare a date of public inquiry. The opinions and suggestions received should be included in the report. However the proponent should conduct a public hearing in the project site to conduct the EIA.

Rule 8(1) : It is stipulated that after the proponent prepares the EIA report, proponent must send a copy thereof to the relevant VDC or municipality or DDC to enable them to offer their opinion and suggestion on it.

Rule 8(2) : It obliges the proponent to make the EIA report public for a period of 30 days for perusal or study by any interested individuals or institutions; they may offer their opinions and suggestions, if any, to the proponent within 30 days from the date when the report is made public.

Rule 10 : The proponent should submit 15 copies of the IEE/EIA report along with the recommendation of the concerned VDC or municipality to the concerned agency for approval.

Rule 11 : The concerned agency, after investigation should approve the IEE report within 21 days from the date of its receipt, and forward the ten copies of the EIA report with its suggestion to MoE within 21 days from the date of receipt. Upon the receipt of the EIA report, MoE should issue a 30 days public notice in the daily newspaper to offer written comments of the stakeholders. MoE may also seek the suggestions from the committee, if formed for this purpose, and should approve the EIA report within 60 days from the date of receipt or within 90 days in case of special reason.

Rule 12 : The Proponent should implement EIA and other conditions given during the approval process.

Rule 13 : The concerned agency (ministry) is made responsible for environmental monitoring and evaluation activities, and issue necessary directives to the proponent to implement environmental protection measures.

Rule 14 : MoE is responsible to prepare the environmental auditing report after two years of the commencement of the service by the proposal.

Rule 45-47 : Anyone wishing to receive compensation may file the application to the Chief District Officer (CDO) and should forward the file to the concerned agency in case the evaluation of effects/loss. Once the loss is evaluated, the CDO should determine the amount of compensation within 60 days of receipt of application. The proponent should pay the compensation amount within 30 days of decision. In case the proponent (individual, institution or proponent) fails to pay within time limit, the victim may submit an application, and the CDO shall auction the property of the proponent and pay the amount of compensation as determined.

IEE/EIA Approval Process in Nepal2 

 

                                                            2 Source: MOEST (2006). A Guide to Streamlining of Environmental Impact Assessment Approval Process.

Regulating and Monitoring Capacity Building for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Hydropower Project in Nepal.

6. Other Acts and Regulations 93. Water Resources Act 1992. The Water Resource Act, 1992 is a comprehensive legislation on water resources which deals with the development, utilization and conservation of the water resources in the country. The Act strives to minimize environmental damage to water bodies through environmental impact assessment studies and the proponents who wish to use water resources for various purposes should prepare EIA report before a license can be granted. This act grants the right to use water by individuals, organizations and private sector. No person shall be entitled to utilize the water resources without obtaining a license under this act. The licensee has to pay prescribed charge for utilizing the water resources. 94. Drinking water and domestic uses; irrigation and agriculture like animal husbandry and fisheries have top priority for utilization of water resources. 95. Section 16 deals with the utilization and acquisition of the land. Sections 18, 19, and 20 of the act deal with water quality standards, water pollution and adverse effect on environment. Sections 18 and 19 allow the government to prescribe pollution tolerance limits and water quality standards for various uses. Section 19(2) states that any discharge of waste into the water body should not exceed the tolerance limit for water resources. Section 20 of the act stipulates that while utilizing water resources, it shall be done in such a way that no significant adverse impact be made on the environment by the way of soil erosion, flood, and landslide or similar other cause. 96. Water Resources Regulations 1993. It is mandatory under rule 17(e) of the regulation that any person or corporate body, who desires to obtain a license for utilization of water resources must state in his application that appropriate measures will be taken to lessen the adverse effect due to the project on overall environment. Measures are to be taken for the conservation of aquatic life and water environment, and for mitigating social and economic effects of the project in the concerned area. 97. Rule 19 stipulates that the water resources committee shall publish a notice giving detail information about the project to the people. The act also emphasizes that the local labour should be utilized and local people should get benefits after the completion of the project. The mitigation plan should give details of people to be evacuated and a necessary plan for their rehabilitation. 98. Soil and Watershed Conservation Act 1982. Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 1982 was enacted to manage the watersheds of Nepal. Section 3 empowers the government to declare any area as a protected watershed area. Section 4 provides that a watershed conservation officer has the authority to implement the following works in protected watershed areas:

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTAIN DAMS, EMBANKMENT, TERRACE IMPROVEMENTS, DIVERSION CHANNELS AND RETAINING WALLS,

PROTECT VEGETATION IN LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS AND UNDERTAKE AFFORESTATION PROGRAMMES, AND

REGULATE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES PERTINENT TO SOIL AND WATERSHED CONSERVATION.

99. Under Section 10 of SWCA, power is extended to the watershed conservation officer to grant permission to construct dams, drainage ditches and canals, cut privately owned trees within any protected areas. SWCA outlines the essential parameters necessary for proper watershed management (including rivers and lakes). The Act is applicable only to protected watersheds. C. Forest Act 1993 100. The forest Act, 1993 recognizes the importance of forests in maintaining a healthy environment. The act requires decision makers to take into account of all forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the production of timber and other forest commodities. The basis of the act’s approach to forest and forest products is ‘resource oriented’ rather than ‘use oriented’. 101. Section 23 empowers the government to delineate any part of the national forest that has a special environmental, scientific or cultural importance as a protected forest. Section 49 of the act prohibits reclaiming lands, setting fires, grazing, removing or damaging forest products, felling trees or plants, wildlife hunting and extracting boulders, sand and soil from the National forest without the prior approval. 102. The Act empowers the government to permit the use of any part of Government managed forest, community forest, leasehold forest, if there is no alternative except to use the forest area for the implementation of a project of national priority without significantly affecting the environment. D. Forest Regulation 1995 103. Rule 65 of the Forest Regulation stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community the proponents of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid. E. Forest Product Collection and Sales Distribution Guidelines 2057 104. The guidelines clauses 3 to 10 have specified various procedure and formats for getting approval for vegetation clearance, delineation of lands for vegetation clearance, evaluation of wood volume etc. and government offices and officials responsible for the approval, delineation and evaluation. These provisions have a direct relevance to the development of the project and need compliance to these provisions. F. Aquatic Animals Protection Act 1961 105. The Aquatic Animal Protection Act (AAPA) provides some legislative protection of the habitats of aquatic species. Section 3 of the AAPA renders punishable any party introducing poisonous, noxious or explosive materials into a water source, or destroying any dam, bridge or water system with the intent of capturing or killing aquatic life. However, no agency has been designated the responsibility for administering and enforcing the AAPA.  

 

G. The Local Self-Governance Act 1998 106. This act provides more autonomy to District Development Committees, Municipalities and Village Development Committee. The Act empowers the VDCs, DDCs and Municipalities to conserve manage and use their natural resources and collect tax, revenue from the sale and use of such resources and use it for local development. The special feature under this Act is that VDCs and Municipalities are authorized to generate and distribute electricity. Similarly, DDCs are authorized for identification, planning, implementation, operation, distribution and maintenance of small rural hydroelectric projects as well as other energy related projects (Section 189). Section 220 of the Act has provisions for revenue sharing with DDC, natural resources including water resources. 107. Environmental Regulatory Compliance. The implementation of the sub-project will be governed by the above mentioned nvironmental Acts, Rules, Policies, and Regulations of the Government of Nepal. These regulations impose restrictions on the activities to minimize/mitigate likely impacts on the environment. Water supply components relevant to this sub-project, which fall under the domain of environmental regulations and mandatory requirement, are indicated in the table below.

Table: Environmental Regulatory Compliance for the proposed sub-Project SN Sub-Project Components Legislation/Rules

Applicable Compliances Action taken

by project for compliance

1 Water Supply Environmental Protection Act (1997) Environmental Protection Regulation (1997),Nepal Water supply Corporation Act,1989,WaterResources Act, 1992 Forest Act, 1992,Solid Waste (Management & Resource Mobilization) Act, 1987

Approval of IEE report from GoN. Permission from District forest for forest clearance. Distribution of pollution free and treated water supply complying with National water quality standards

Preperation of IEE Report with public consultation Apply for forest clearances. Treatment of Drinking water prior to its distribution

Source: Government of Nepal Environmental Procedures.

108. As noted above, the requirement for Environmental Assessment in Nepal is established by the National Environment Protection Act (1997), and the procedures are defined in the Environment Protection Rules (1997) and its amendment of 20 August 2007. 109. GON’s Environmental Protection Rules (1997) and Amendment of 20 August 2007 stipulate that an IEE is necessary for a drinking water scheme for a population of 5,000 to 50,000 people (2001 populations:Banepa – 23,068; Panauti – 23882; Dhulikhel - 8334). Nepali Drinking Water Quality Standards and Guidelines (including standard limits, guidelines for the required frequency for water quality monitoring and the process/schedule for taking the standards in active use in the country) have been set in 2006. Drinking water quality standard table is also attached as an Annex to this IEE report. 110. The IEE process will still continue during the detailed design phase. Nepal’s procedures for environmental assessment of development projects are described in the Environment

Protection Act (EPA), 1997 and the Environment Protection Rules (EPR), 1997 and Amendment of 20 August 2007. Projects that need EIA and IEE are clearly listed in the EPR. In accordance with the EPR, the responsibility for undertaking and approving an IEE lies with the Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW). Public involvement, including notification of stakeholders, dissemination of information and consultation is a requirement, particularly during the review and approval of the IEE report. The Proponent prepares the TOR as described in the format of Schedule 3 of EPR, 1997 and is submitted to MPPW through the Director General of DUDBC. 111. The IEE report is usually prepared in the format as described in Schedule 5, EPR, 1997, in particular the Rules 7 and 10. In this case the requirements of ADB and GON have been combined and this report is following the structure given by ADB. 112. EPR stipulates that a notice has to be published in Nepali in a national daily newspaper and also affixed in the concerned VDC or Municipality, DDC Office, schools, concerned individuals and institutions, hospitals and health offices, requesting them to give in written comments and suggestions within 15 days regarding the likely impacts of implementing of the proposal on the environment. A deed of public enquiry has also to be prepared and included in the IEE report. 113. The IEE report to be submitted to MPPW through DUDBC. DUDBC will review the report and then forward it to MPPW for decision making. Both DWSS and MPPW to send the document back to the proponent for revisions, if required. If approved, MPPW will inform the proponent through DUDBC. In accordance with the provision of EPA and EPR 1997, the proponent to implement the proposal only after the approval of the IEE report which will be monitored and evaluated by MPPW through DWSS. 114. Forest Clearances. In addition IEE/EIA requirements stated in environmental rules and mandatory public notices and land agreement, some clearances are requested in the forest regulations, if the project “will result clear cutting of national forest” or “falls within protected area”. The forest act, article 68 mentions that in order to implement any project with "priority status" and “with no other alternatives than to use the forest”, “only in such situation and conditioned that there will not be any adverse environmental effect by implementing such schemes”, government of Nepal may give permission to use some part of forest (organized forest/conserved forest/community forest/lease hold forest) to implement such projects. In Kavre Valley, however, tree cutting is involved in the transmission line and reservoir construction, where a small number of trees may have to be removed. 115. The regulation also requires that all the costs related to the clearing off the forest, its transportation to the approved location and works related to environmental mitigation shall be borne by the project itself. It is mandatory to plant 25 samplings for every tree cut and maintain them for 5 years. 116. Forest Cutting Clearance Process. This process starts with an application (often done by the user committee, along with recommendation letter from concerned VDC) from the proponent to the District Forest Office of the concerned district. The application to include all the details pertaining to the project. It to also include the “measurement/dimension” of area to be cleared off from trees, number of trees to be cut down and all costs related to the mitigation. The District Forest Office will review the proposal and if satisfied, it may forward it to the Ministry of Forest along with its recommendation. The ministry will forward the proposal to the cabinet for the final clearance, unless the district forest office plans to clear off rotten trees and define some

are for this (demarcation) and the proposed project activity is within the boundary of such demarcated area, in which case the clearance to be obtained by the district forest office. The IEE/EIA report must be enclosed with the proposal.  117. ADB Safeguard Policy (2009). The objectives of ADB’s safeguards are to:

(i) Avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people, where possible;

(ii) minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts on the environment and affected people when avoidance is not possible; and

(iii) help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard systems and develop the capacity to manage environmental and social risks.

118. Safeguard Requirements 1 outlines the requirements that borrowers/clients are required to meet when delivering environmental safeguards for projects supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It discusses the objectives and scope of application, and underscores the requirements for undertaking the environmental assessment process. These requirements include assessing impacts, planning and managing impact mitigations, preparing environmental assessment reports, disclosing information and undertaking consultation, establishing a grievance mechanism, and monitoring and reporting. The document also includes particular environmental safeguard requirements pertaining to biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, pollution prevention and abatement, occupational and community health and safety, and conservation of physical cultural resources. The applicability of particular requirements is established through the environmental assessment process and compliance with the requirements is achieved through implementation of environmental management plans agreed to by ADB and the borrower/client. 119. The objectives are to ensure the environmental soundness and sustainability of projects, and to support the integration of environmental considerations into the project decision-making process. The requirements apply to all ADB-financed and/or ADB-administered sovereign and non-sovereign projects, and their components regardless of the source of financing, including investment projects funded by a loan; and/or a grant; and/or other means, such as equity and/or guarantees (hereafter broadly referred to as projects). 120. ADB Environmental Safeguard Policy Principles

(i) Use a screening process for each proposed project, as early as possible, to determine the appropriate extent and type of environmental assessment so that appropriate studies are undertaken commensurate with the significance of potential impacts and risks.

(ii) Conduct an environmental assessment for each proposed project to identify potential direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts and risks to physical, biological, socioeconomic (including impacts on livelihood through environmental media, health and safety, vulnerable groups, and gender issues), and physical cultural resources in the context of the project’s area of influence. Assess potential transboundary and global impacts, including climate change. Use strategic environmental assessment where appropriate.

(iii) Examine alternatives to the project’s location, design, technology, and components and their potential environmental and social impacts and document the rationale for selecting the particular alternative proposed. Also consider the no project alternative.

(iv) Avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, minimize, mitigate, and/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts by means of environmental planning and management. Prepare an environmental management plan (EMP) that includes the proposed mitigation measures, environmental monitoring and reporting requirements, related institutional or organizational arrangements, capacity development and training measures, implementation schedule, cost estimates, and performance indicators. Key considerations for EMP preparation include mitigation of potential adverse impacts to the level of no significant harm to third parties, and the polluter pays principle.

(v) Carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and facilitate their informed participation. Ensure women’s participation in consultation. Involve stakeholders, including affected people and concerned nongovernment organizations, early in the project preparation process and ensure that their views and concerns are made known to and understood by decision makers and taken into account. Continue consultations with stakeholders throughout project implementation as necessary to address issues related to environmental assessment. Establish a grievance redress mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the affected people’s concerns and grievances regarding the project’s environmental performance.

(vi) Disclose a draft environmental assessment (including the EMP) in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected people and other stakeholders. Disclose the final environmental assessment, and its updates if any, to affected people and other stakeholders.

(vii) Implement the EMP and monitor its effectiveness. Document monitoring results, including the development and implementation of corrective actions, and disclose monitoring reports.

(viii) Do not implement project activities in areas of critical habitats, unless (i) there are no measurable adverse impacts on the critical habitat that could impair its ability to function, (ii) there is no reduction in the population of any recognized endangered or critically endangered species, and (iii) any lesser impacts are mitigated. If a project is located within a legally protected area, implement additional programs to promote and enhance the conservation aims of the protected area. In an area of natural habitats, there must be no significant conversion or degradation, unless (i) alternatives are not available, (ii) the overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs, and (iii) any conversion or degradation is appropriately mitigated. Use a precautionary approach to the use, development, and management of renewable natural resources.

(ix) Apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practices as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines. Adopt cleaner production processes and good energy efficiency practices. Avoid pollution, or, when avoidance is not possible, minimize or control the intensity or load of pollutant emissions and discharges, including direct and indirect greenhouse gases emissions, waste generation, and release of hazardous materials from their production, transportation, handling, and storage. Avoid the use of hazardous materials subject to international bans or phaseouts. Purchase, use, and manage pesticides based on integrated pest management approaches and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides.

(x) Provide workers with safe and healthy working conditions and prevent accidents, injuries, and disease. Establish preventive and emergency preparedness and response measures to avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, to minimize, adverse impacts and risks to the health and safety of local communities.

(xi) Conserve physical cultural resources and avoid destroying or damaging them by using field-based surveys that employ qualified and experienced experts during environmental assessment. Provide for the use of “chance find” procedures that include a pre-approved management and conservation approach for materials that may be discovered during project implementation.

121. Environment Categorization. ADB uses a classification system to reflect the significance of a project’s potential environmental impacts. A project’s category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. Each proposed project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Projects are assigned into three categories namely A, B, and C. 122. The proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category “A” projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category “A” projects. Since KVIWSP falls under category B, An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

123. The potential impacts of the proposed Kavre Valley water supply and drainage/sewerage project are summarised in Environmental Management Plan (EMP) included in this IEE. Impacts are readily mitigated through careful siting during design and the adoption of good engineering practices during construction. The impact assessment for physical, biological and social economic components of proposed project has been carried out with respect to the potential impacts arising during the following stages of the project planning and implementation:

(i) Location impacts. Impacts associated with site selection, including impacts on

environment and resettlement or livelihood related impacts on communities. (ii) Design impacts. Impacts arising from project design, including the technology

used, scale of operations, discharge standards etc. (iii) Construction impacts. Impacts resulting from construction activities including

site clearance, earthworks, civil works, etc. (iv) O&M impacts. Impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the

infrastructure built in the project. 124. Environmental Impacts: Location and Design. ADB's SPS requires that an IEE should evaluate impacts due to the location, design, construction and operation of the project. Construction and operation are the two activities in which the project interacts physically with the environment, so they are the two activities during which the environmental impacts occur. In assessing the effects of these processes therefore, all potential impacts of the project are identified, and mitigation is devised for any negative impacts. In many environmental assessments there are certain effects that, although they will occur during either the construction or operation stage, should be considered as impacts primarily of the location or design of the project, as they would not occur if an alternative location or design was chosen. For example, if a groundwater aquifer was depleted by excessive abstraction this

would be an impact of both the location and design, because groundwater may not be depleted if the design had used surface water to augment the supply, and the specific aquifer would not have been depleted if the wellfield was located elsewhere. 125. However in the case of this subproject it is not considered that there are any impacts that can clearly be said to result from either the design or location. This is because:

(i) Most of the individual elements of the subproject are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localised and not greatly significant.

(ii) Pipelines will be constructed primarily in public right-of-ways; where close to buildings, particularly in older areas of the city or near temples, no heavy machinery will be taken used.

(iii) Most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving trenching and other excavation. However the routine nature of the impacts means that most can be easily mitigated.

126. Environmental Impacts: Construction. From the subproject descriptions given in the earlier section it is clear that implementation of the project will affect quite long tracts of land both inside and outside the town where the distribution main, transmission main and network extensions will be constructed, and also a series of specific locations (e.g., the intake and storage reservoir sites). After screening of the preliminary design data it is expected that the construction work will not cause major negative impacts. This is mainly because:

(i) Pipelines will be mainly located on unused ground alongside existing roads and can be constructed without causing major disruption to road users and adjacent houses, shops and other businesses;

(ii) New facilities within and outside the town will be located on government-owned land that is not occupied or used for any other purpose;

(iii) Most pipeline construction will be conducted by small teams working on short lengths at a time so most impacts will be localised and short in duration; and

(iv) The overall construction programme will be relatively short for a project of this nature, and is expected to be completed in 2 .5 years.

127. As a result there are several aspects of the environment that are not expected to be affected by the construction process and these can be screened out of the assessment at this stage as required by ADB procedure. These are shown in the table below with an explanation of the reasoning in each case.

Table: Fields in which construction is not expected to have significant impacts Field Rationale

Climate Short-term production of dust is the only effect on atmosphere Geology and seismology Excavation will not be large enough to affect these features Wildlife and rare or endangered species

There is no sensitive wildlife habitat or rare or endangered species in the town or on the government owned areas outside the town on which facilities will be built

Population and communities

Construction will not affect population numbers, location or composition

128. These environmental factors have thus been screened out presently but will be assessed again at detailed design stage by the DSC environmental specialist and confirmed by the PIU. 129. Physical Resources. Excavation for intake at water sources will not generate much waste soil and stone. There will be little physical changes at the construction sites, and this quantity of waste could be dumped without causing further physical impacts (on air quality, topography, soil quality, etc) at the point of disposal. The work will probably be conducted in the dry season, so there is also a lot of potential for the creation of dust. Action will therefore be needed to reduce physical impacts at both the construction and disposal sites, by controlling dust and reducing the amount of material to be dumped. The Contractor should therefore be required to:

(i) Contact the town authorities to find beneficial uses for as much waste material as possible, in construction projects, to raise the level of land prior to construction of roads or buildings, or to fill previously excavated areas, such as brickworks; and

(ii) Prevent the generation of dust (which could affect surrounding agricultural land and crops) by removing waste material as soon as it is excavated (by loading directly onto trucks), and covering with tarpaulins to prevent dust during transportation.

130. Another physical impact that is often associated with large-scale excavation is the effect on drainage and the local water table if groundwater and surface water collect in the voids. However, this should not be a problem in this case, given the low rainfall and deep water table in this area, and the fact that the Contractor will almost certainly plan excavation work to avoid the monsoon season. 131. Ecological Resources. Works occur in barren lands considered non-sensitive in terms of natural or ecological value. Pipes are laid in public right ways. There are no protected areas or locations of any ecological interest at or near any of the sites affected by these works, so it is unlikely that the construction process will have any ecological impacts. The only concern would be if trees were removed unnecessarily. To avoid this, the Contractor should be required to plant and maintain three new trees for every one that is removed. 132. Economic Development. The intake sites will be located on government owned land, so there should be no need to acquire land from private owners, which might affect the income and assets of owners and tenants. There should also be no effects on other features with economic implications (such as infrastructure, industry and commerce), as there are none of these facilities on these sites. There could be some short-term socio-economic benefits from the construction work if local people are able to gain employment in the construction workforce. To ensure that such gains are directed towards communities most directly affected by this part of the scheme, the Contractor should be required to employ at least 50% of this labour force from communities within a radius of say 2 km from each site, if sufficient people are available. 133. There could however be significant disruption of traffic, business and other activities, if trucks carrying waste material were allowed to enter towns or other built-up areas. The transportation of waste will be implemented by the Contractor in liaison with the town authorities, and the following additional precautions should thus be adopted to avoid these impacts:

(i) Planning transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not enter towns or other built-up areas and do not use narrow local roads, except near delivery sites; and

(ii) Scheduling the transportation of waste to avoid peak traffic periods. 134. Social and Cultural Resources. Kavre Valley has cultural heritage that includes temples or other religious sites of local value, so there is a minor risk that any work involving ground disturbance could uncover and damage archaeological and historical remains. Given that the locations proposed for these facilities are uninhabited and show no obvious signs of having been used to any extent in the past, then it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts at these sites. Nevertheless this should be ascertained by consulting the appropriate authorities, and appropriate steps should be taken according to the nature of the risk. This should involve:

(i) Consulting historical and archaeological authorities level to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential near historic or culturally sensitive sites such as older temples;

(ii) Developing a protocol for use by the Contractor in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved. This should involve: (a) Having excavation observed by a person with archaeological field

training; (b) Stopping work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are

suspected; (c) Calling in the state archaeological authority if a find is suspected, and

taking any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ. 135. There are no modern-day social and cultural resources (such as schools and hospitals) on or near these sites, and no areas that are used for religious or other purposes, so there is no risk of other impacts on such community assets. 136. Network Improvement: Construction Method. It is expected that the distribution mains will be buried in trenches adjacent to roads, in the un-used area within the ROW, at the edge of the carriageway. However the distribution mains will be located in roads and streets in the town, where in some places this area is occupied by drains or the edges of shops and houses etc, so to avoid damage to property some trenches may be dug into the edge of the road. 137. Trenches will be dug primarily with manual digging and supplemented by a backhoe digger, where necessary. Excavated soil will be placed alongside, and the pipes (brought to site on trucks and stored on unused land nearby) will be placed in the trench by hand or using a small rig for the larger DI pipes. Pipes will be joined by hand, after which sand from local quarries will be shovelled into the trench beneath and around the pipe for support and protection. Soil will then be replaced manually on top of the pipe and compacted by a vibrating compressor. Where trenches are dug into an existing roadway, the bitumen or concrete surface will be broken by hand-held pneumatic drills, after which the trench will be excavated by backhoe, and the appropriate surface will be reapplied on completion. 138. Pipes are normally covered by 1.0 m of soil, and a clearance of 100 mm is left between the pipe and each side of the trench to allow backfilling. Trenches will be smaller for the distribution main (minimum of 1.25 m deep and 0.6 m wide). Old pipes will be replaced by new one after taken out old pipe by digging. New pipes and connections to the distribution main will

be provided to house connections, and these will run to individual dwellings in small hand-dug trenches, or on the surface. New consumer meters will be located outside houses, attached to a wall or set onto the ground. 139. Transport is another type of infrastructure that will be affected by some of the work, particularly construction of pipelines in the narrower streets where there is not enough space for excavated soil to be piled off the road. The road itself may also be excavated in places where there is no available land to locate pipelines alongside. Traffic will therefore be disrupted, and in some very narrow streets the whole road may need to be closed for short periods. The Contractor should therefore plan this work in conjunction with the town authorities and the police force, so that work can be carried out during periods when traffic is known to be lighter, and alternative routes and diversions can be provided where necessary. The Contractor should also increase the workforce in areas such as this, so that the work is completed in the shortest possible time. 140. It is inevitable that there will be an increase in the number of heavy vehicles in the town (particularly trucks removing waste material for disposal), and this could disrupt traffic and other activities, as well as damage fragile buildings if vibration is excessive. These impacts will therefore need to be mitigated by:

(i) Careful planning of transportation routes with the municipal authorities to avoid sensitive areas as far as possible, including narrow streets, congested roads, important or fragile buildings and key sites of religious, cultural or tourism importance;

(ii) Scheduling the transportation of waste to avoid peak traffic periods, the main tourism season, and other important times.

141. Reservoirs will be built on government-owned land and private land in one site throughout the Valley. The cavity for the ground reservoirs (GR) and foundations for the overhead reservoirs (OR) will be excavated by backhoe, with soil being loaded onto trucks for disposal. Aggregate and concrete will be tipped into each void to create the foundations and floor, after which metal reinforcing rods will be added to create the outline of the walls of the GR and the vertical supporting pillars of the OR. Sections of reinforcing will then be encased in wooden shuttering and concrete will be PIUred in, and this process will be repeated to gradually create each structure from RCC, including the tank of the OR and the above-ground portion of the GR. Surfaces will be smoothed and finished where necessary by hand. 142. Small brick rooms will be built for the chlorination plant. The foundation will be dug and aggregate and concrete PIUred in to create the floors, after which the brick walls and roof materials will be added by hand. Chlorine cylinders and other equipment (including flow-meters) will be brought in on trucks and offloaded and attached by hand. A small cavity for the chlorination sump and trenches for pipe-work will also be dug, and the sump will constructed from concrete and brick. 143. A different but no less significant impact is the effect on people and communities if water supplies are closed down for extended periods when work is conducted on the network. This would be inconvenient in the short term, and there could be health risks if the water supply was unavailable for several successive days or longer. It will therefore be important to take the necessary measures to avoid such a situation. This will require:

(i) Detailed planning of the construction program to keep the cessation of water supplies to the minimum possible (in both area and duration);

(ii) Provision of alternative potable water to affected households and businesses for the duration of the shut-down; and

(iii) Liaison with affected persons to inform them of any cessation in advance, and to ensure that they are provided with an alternative supply.

144. Health and Safety. There is invariably a safety risk when substantial construction such as this is conducted in an urban area, and precautions will thus be needed to ensure the safety of both workers and citizens. The Contractor will be required to produce and implement a site Health and Safety Plan, and this should include such measures as:

(i) Excluding the public from the site; (ii) Ensuring that all workers are provided with and use appropriate Personal

Protective Equipment; (iii) Health and Safety Training for all site personnel; (iv) Documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (v) Documentation of work-related accident

145. Environmental Impacts: Operation and Maintenance. Because a water supply system should operate without the need for major repair and maintenance (see below), there are several environmental sectors which should be unaffected once the system begins to function. These are identified in the table below, with an explanation of the reasoning in each case. These factors are thus screened out of the impact assessment and will not be mentioned further. Table: Fields in which operation and maintenance of the completed water supply system

is not expected to have significant impacts Field Rationale

Climate Extraction and use of water from an irrigation canal will not affect climate

Wildlife, forests, rare species, protected areas

There are none of these features in or outside the town

Industries The water supplied by the new system will not be for industrial use 146. Operation and maintenance of the improved water supply system. The new source augmentation works and transmission line should operate with little maintenance beyond routine actions required to keep equipment in working order at the treatment plant. This will be straightforward, involving regular checking and recording of performance for signs of deterioration, servicing and replacement of parts, etc. A small number of men will be employed to operate and maintain the site. 147. The main requirement for maintenance of the new transmission main and distribution system will be for the detection and repair of leaks. The bulk meters installed at storage reservoirs and pumping stations will allow amounts of water flowing through individual parts of the network to be monitored, which will pinpoint areas where there are leaks, and/or where water is being taken from the system illegally. If illegal connections are found these will be removed and the pipe will be re-sealed, or a new connection with a meter will be provided for the household. There will also be some small scale maintenance required at the new reservoir sites plus the regular replenishment of chlorination cylinders to maintain water treatment. Two or three men will be employed at each site for this purpose.

148. Environmental impacts and benefits of the operating system. Physical Resources. If trenches are dug to locate and repair leaks or remove and replace lengths of pipe or illegal connections, the work will follow the same procedure as occurred when the infrastructure was improved. In this case soil and backfilled sand will be removed to expose the leaking junction or pipe, and if necessary a new pipe will be brought to site and replaced. The trench will then be refilled and re-compacted. This work should be very infrequent, and will affect individual small locations for short periods only (an average of a few hours for most repairs). Physical impacts will therefore be negligible. Work will not be conducted during rainfall so there will be no effect on drainage, and the removed material will be replaced in the trench so there will be no waste. There should also be no need to cover excavated material to prevent dust as it will have been wetted by the leaking water. 149. One of the main risks of improving a water supply system through increased abstraction is that the source will be used unsustainably. Downstream uses by local farmers, requires only a small proportion of the volume available, and the government has granted approval for the abstraction for the municipal supply. It should also be noted that water conservation measures included in the subproject (in particular the replacement of leaking distribution mains and faulty house connections) should significantly reduce system losses, and thus limit the volume needed. 150. Ecological Resources. There are no significant ecological resources in or around the towns, so any repairs or maintenance work can be conducted without ecological impacts. As there is no significant flora and fauna in or around Mandau Minor, there should also not be any ecological impacts from the increase in abstraction. 151. Economic Development. Although network repairs could result in shops losing some business if the work means that access is difficult for customers, any losses will be small and short-lived and will probably be at the level of normal business fluctuations. It should therefore not be necessary to compensate for such losses. Nevertheless simple steps should be taken to reduce the inconvenience of the works, including:

Informing all residents and businesses about the nature and duration of any work well in advance so that they can make preparations if necessary;

Requiring contractors employed to conduct these works to provide wooden walkways across trenches for pedestrians and metal sheets where vehicle access is required;

Consulting the local municipal authorities regarding any such work so that it can be planned to avoid traffic disruption as far as possible, and road diversions can be organized if necessary.

152. The provision of an improved and expanded water supply system is not expected to have direct economic benefits for business or industry, as connections will only be provided to domestic users. However businesses will almost certainly benefit from the expected improvement in the health and wellbeing of their workforce (see below) as this should result in fewer days lost through illness, and overall increased productivity. 153. Social and Cultural Resources. There will be no need to take precautions to protect such sites when areas are excavated to repair leaks in the network, as all work will be conducted in trenches that have already been disturbed when the infrastructure was installed.

154. Repair work could cause some temporary disruption of activities at locations of social and cultural importance such as schools, hospitals, temples, tourist sites etc, so the same precautions as employed during the construction period should be adopted. These include:

Consulting the town authorities to identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity;

Completing work in these areas quickly; Providing wooden bridges for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow

access across open trenches where required; Consulting municipal authorities, custodians of important buildings, cultural and

tourism authorities and local communities in advance of the work to identify and address key issues, and avoid working at sensitive times, such as religious and cultural festivals.

155. The responsible authorities will employ local contractors to conduct network repairs, and contractors should be required to operate the same kinds of Health and Safety procedures as used in the construction phase to protect workers and the public. The use of local contractors will provide economic benefits to the companies and the workers they employ. There is however little prospect of directing these benefits to persons affected by any maintenance or repair works as contractors will utilize their existing workforce. To provide at least some economic benefits to affected communities, persons employed to maintain the facilities should be residents of the neighboring areas. 156. The citizens of the town will be the major beneficiaries of the improved water supply, as they will be provided with a constant supply of better quality water, piped into their homes. This should improve the social capital of the city, and individual and community health and well-being. Diseases of poor sanitation, such as diarrhoea and dysentery, should be reduced, so people should spend less on healthcare and lose fewer working days due to illness, so their economic status should also improve, as well as their overall health.

VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 157. During the IEE study, Alternative Analysis was carried out considering the location and document likely environmental impacts of project activities for each alternative. During the assessment of possible alternatives, the design, project area, available technology, operation procedure, construction method (including schedule and raw material) and environmental management methods will be considered. Likely impacts of each alternative were evaluated and compared in terms of potential environmental impacts beneficial and adverse, capital and operating costs, suitability under the local conditions, institutional and monitoring requirements. To extent possible cost, benefits of each alternative were quantified, incorporating the estimated cost of any associated mitigation measures. The best and environmentally sound alternative was recommended for further assessment. The alternative analysis was carried out whether or not the risks resulting from the implementation of the proposal can be accepted. Alternative option such as no action option, also analyzed during the IEE study. 158. The alternatives for the implementation of the proposal were analyzed as per the following:  

A. Project Alternative 159. As per the feasibility study of the project there is no project alternative for the integrated water supply project at Kavre valley. Similar other water supply sources are not found suitable for the integrated supply of water to the valley. Therefore, the alternative analysis presented here is based on the fact that Rosi Khola sources are to be utilized and a combined water system for the three municipalities shall be studied. The alternatives presented here are variation in the combination of the proposed system keeping all other factors constant. B. Source Alternative 160. The study has indicated that the present water source for the KVIWSP is technically, environmentally and economically sustainable. Due to the topographical condition the intake site can not be altered from its purposed location.

VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION A. Consultation and Participation 161. Public consultation was carried out in different stages during sub-project preparation. Consultations employing various methods (socio-economic surveys and focus group discussions with affected persons have been carried out. In addition, key informant interviews involving APs (including vulnerable APs), village heads, and government agency representatives have been carried out. In line with the requirements of the Government of Nepal, public hearing to disclose and discuss the sub-project and safeguards in communities, involving affected persons and other stakeholders, has been undertaken. The issues raised are being addressed in the safeguard documents. 162. During the IEE, the project the proponent has well consulted with the stakeholders. The proponent of the project proponent has obtained recommendation letters from the concerned VDCs of the municipality as well as the VDCs that lie in the project area as well as from the relevant entities/stakeholders (local clubs, mothers group, NGOs, INGOs etc.)/ Institutions (Schools, health posts, hospitals etc.). As per the Environmental Protection Act (EPA)/Environmental Protection Regulations (EPR), 1997 of GON, the EIA for the KVIWSP is required and the project is simultaneously conducting EIA to comply with GON requirements. . For this purpose, the proponent has published a 15 days public notice in the national daily newspaper (“Rajdhani” daily on 28 Mangsir, 2066, i.e 13 December 2009) for collection of the possible issues/ impacts and suggestions / recommendations due to project implementation from the concern sectors (Annex 4). Furthermore, the copies of the public notice were also pasted at the office of the concerned project area of providing local people an opportunity to offer their comments and suggestions. Besides, the list of consultation and interactions held on different occasions during the preparation of IEE report are listed below. 163. To prepare the report several field visits and interaction programs were carried out in Banepa, Panauti and Dhulikhel municipalities with the local people, stakeholders and UEIP management team. Some of the major meetings and interactions held during the course of the preparation of this report are given in the table-15.

Table 15: Meetings/ Interactions with Project Stakeholders S.N. Date Description Remarks

1 15 Nov 09 Meeting at Dhulikhel Municipality regarding UEIP present status

Attended by P.M.,PCO, Water users committee and other consultant

2 16 Nov 09 Orientation Meeting at Banepa Municipality regarding UEIP

Attended by local political party representative, Municipality Members and P.M, UEIP staffs and Consultants

3 17 Nov 09 Orientation Meeting at Panauti Municipality

Attended by local leader ,Municipality Members, UEIP staffs, PM and Consultants

4 26 Nov 09 Meeting and field visit at Panauti Municipality

Attended by local political party representatives, PM, Water Users Committee, UEIP staffs, PCO, Municipality Members and Consultants

5 4 Dec 09 Resource demand mitigation coordination Meeting at Banepa Municipality

Attended by local political party representatives, PM, Water Users Committee, UEIP staffs, PCO, Municipality Members and Consultants

6 18 Dec 09 PIU office Kathmandu Attended by UEIP,PIU,PCO and consultants 7 29 Dec 09 Resourse Users and field visit at Roshi

Khola Basin Attended by Locals of resource area, PAFs, Municipality representative, Poltical leaders, members of Resource Demand Mitigation Coordination Committee and Consultants.

8 29 Dec 09 Focus Group Discussion with PAFs at Bhumidanda -3

Discussion with PAFs regarding social issues and compensation of affected property.

9 14 Jan 2010 Meeting at Panauti with UEIP staff, Municipalities EO. Local political leaders and consultants

Discussions the current status of 36 demands of stakeholders.

164. The issues raised during the discussions held during these interactive meetings have been incorporated in this report.  B. Grievance Redress Mechanism of KVIWSP

165. Government Grievance Mechanism and Redress Process. The EPR 1997 has given authority to the Chief District Officer for grievance and compensation processes. According to this regulation, in case anyone wishes to realize compensation from any individual, institution or proponent, he may submit an application to the Chief District Officer of the concerned district mentioning the type of action taken by the concerned individual, institution or proponent, the type of loss suffered by him as a result thereof, and the amount of compensation sought by him. The Chief District Officer shall conduct investigations into it, as well as into the actual situation prevailing at the concerned place, as required, and also seek the opinions and suggestions of the concerned office in the district, as well as of the Inspector, if any, deputed to the district, and thus evaluate the actual loss suffered by the applicant. If, for any reason, the loss cannot be evaluated, the Chief District Officer shall forward the application to the concerned body for its suggestion on the matter within 30 days from the date of receipt of the application. The concerned body shall conduct necessary investigations in that connection, study the actual situation prevailing at the concerned place as required, and send back the application to the concerned Chief District Officer along with its opinion and suggestion. In case the loss has been evaluated, the Chief District Officer shall determine the amount of compensation accordingly, and in case the suggestion of the concerned body has been sought, the Chief District Officer shall do so after receiving the suggestion. 166. In case an application for compensation has been forwarded to the concerned body, the Chief District Officer shall take a decision in respect to payment of compensation within 15 days

from the date of receipt of suggestion from the concerned body, and in case the application for compensation has not been so forwarded to the concerned body, the Chief District Officer shall do so within 60 days from the date of receipt of the application for compensation. In connection with the determination of the amount of compensation, the Chief District Officer shall have the powers to summon the concerned individual, institution or proponent, record his/its statement, order the submission of any document, equipment, machinery, etc., and enter into and investigate the place from where pollution, noise, heat or waste has been created or emitted. The amount of compensation determined by the Chief District Officer under this Rule shall be appropriate and reasonable. 167. Within 30 days from the date of determination of the amount of compensation, the concerned individual, institution or proponent will be required to pay the amount to the concerned individual or institution. In case the concerned individual, institution or proponent submits an application for an extension of the time-limit prescribed explaining appropriate reasons for his/its failure to pay the amount of compensation within that time-limit, and in case the reason mentioned in the application is found to be appropriate, the Chief District Officer may extend the time-limit by not more than 30 days for one time. In case the concerned individual, institution or proponent fails to pay the amount of compensation within the time-limit prescribed later the individual or institution which is to receive compensation may submit an application to the Chief District Officer within three months from the date of expire of the said time-limit with a request to have the amount of compensation realized, identifying the property belonging to such individual, institution or proponent. In case an application is received, the Chief District Officer shall auction the property of the individual, institution or proponent who is to pay the amount of compensation in accordance with the existing laws, cause to pay the amount of compensation, and handover the balance to the concerned individual, institution or proponent. 168. As per the Local Governance Act 1998, the municipal council is responsible to evaluate the development and construction works within the municipality and give necessary direction. The municipality is empowered to hear and settle at first instance for complaints relating to compensation for damage of crops, forced labour and wages, water bank (ghat) and security of public properties, hidden and unclaimed properties, forcefully entering and staying into others house, pasture, fodder and fuelwood. It can form arbitration board to hear and settle the case filled in the municipality for the complaints mentioned above. The Municipality shall form an arbitration board to hear and settle the cases filed in the Municipality appoint three persons as agreed upon between the parties to a case from amongst the persons enlisted in the list of arbitrators. For the purpose of hearing and settling the cases filed under this Act at first instance, the Municipality shall, immediately after the constitution of the Municipality, prepare a list of arbitrators, setting out their names, surnames and addresses as well, comprising such persons from among the local persons, social workers and legal experts, as are deemed appropriate, with the consent of such persons, and shall publish it in the Municipality Office for public information. The three arbitrators shall collectively exercise the jurisdiction of arbitrators and the opinion of majority shall be deemed the decision of the arbitrators. The arbitrators shall, to the extent possible, cause the concerned parties to negotiate with each other on the case submitted to them and have the case compromised. In case the arbitrators fail to have compromise, they shall exercise their powers and decide the case. Any party not satisfied with a decision made may appeal to the concerned District Court within thirty-five days of the hearing or knowledge of the decision. 169. Project Formulated Grievance Mechanism. The project formulated grievance mechanism will be split into three phases: In the first phase, a GRC chaired by EO will come up with remedial measures. Only if the complainant is not satisfied with this decision, the issue will

be brought up to the municipal board, as the second phase. If the person is still not satisfied, then he/she can go to either the court or MPPW, as a third phase. This is illustrated in the figure below. 170. The project manager of the PIU is to activate the project GRC. This process is not to supersede or impeded on the country's formal grievance processes. The GRC will meet as needed to determine the merit of each grievance, and resolve grievances within a month of receiving the complaint. The GRC with a minimum of three members will be headed by the Executive Officer. Members of the committee may also include local government representative (VDC, DDC), representatives of APs with one male and one female, a representative of vulnerable people’s organisations active in the area concerned, social safeguards consultant, the NGO, and a representative from the Project. The Committee thus appointed should be sanctioned by the municipal board. The time bound GRC process is illustrated in the figure below. 171. Complaints should be addressed to the PIU or municipality. The PIU will keep records of all grievances received including: contact details of complainant, date the complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were effected, and final outcome. The GRC should provide the concerns of the complainants on issues relating to negative and physical impacts that they conceive would occur by the implementation of the particular project sub-component. All complaints should be signed with complete information on name, contact address, phone number if any so that the person can be contacted when required. An acknowledgement to the effect that the complaint has been received by the coordinator’s office should be promptly sent to the complaints. All complaints received should be first registered, categorized and prioritized. They should be analyzed and assessed the concerns raised by the affected parties and have discussion and consultation with them. Records of all such proceedings should be maintained, for future reference, and the attendance of all participants with their signature, in particular the complaints and affected groups should be recorded. If grievances cannot be addressed, the matters are brought to higher authorities (which could be the municipal board, court or central government).

Complaint  

Affected Party/Group 

Initial Assessment by GRC chaired by 

EO (7 Days)

Discussion with AP and AG (7 Days) 

Formulating Remedial 

Measures (7 Days)

Discussion with APs to Inform 

Decisions (3 Days) 

Finalize the Initial 

Assessment  

Inform the AP/AG 

about Ineligibility    Ineligible 

Eligible Complaint 

Municipal Board Consideration (7 Days) 

Remedial  

Action 

& 

Cases beyond Jurisdiction of 

Municipality (7 Days)

Refer the Case to 

Higher Authorities 

(2 Days) 

Refer the Case to 

Higher Authorities 

(2 Days) 

  Cases beyond Jurisdiction 

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Keep Municipal Board Informed 

 

 

 

 

0 

 

 

 

7 

 

 

 

 

14 

 

 

 

 

21 

 

 

 

 

 

D 

A 

Y

Flow Diagram for Conflict Resolution and Grievance Redress Mechanism 

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 172. Overall confirmation of the environmental management is the responsibility of the PCO however, on-the-ground implementation and oversight of the EMP is the responsibility of the PIU with assistance of the supervision consultant. EMP for KVIWSP showing anticipated impacts and mitigation measures, environmental monitoring plan and estimated environmental costs are depicted below. 173. Anticipated Environmental Impacts. This IEE for KVIWSP considers positive and negative impacts in the pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the project. This section highlights significant impacts of the project on physical, biological and socioeconomic environment during different phases of the project. The impacts identified below are addressed through mitigation measures that avoid or reduce the risk to minimal impact. These are detailed in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) included as part of this IEE.

No Potential Negative Impact Duration Magnitude Mitigation Measure Responsible Entity

Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply and Sanitatin Project Location and Design Impacts

1

Risk of pollution at Roshi Khola and its tributaries proposed as source of water by solid and liquid wastes from upstream (by animals and inhabitants, and soil erosion runoff)

Permanent Small Testing the water quality of the intake water before detailed designs. Intake sites located in steep forested areas with limited human activity.

PIU, Enviornment specialist of DSC

2

Water use conflicts may occur with downstream users; particularly in dry season months.

Permanent (during dry seasons)

Small

The project has agreed with farmers to provide pumps to provide water not accessible by their canals during the dry season (amounting to about 15 days a year). Electricity for pumps paid by revenue from tariffs. Agriculture extension services provided to farmers to enhance production. The project has also agreed to provide financial subsidy to mill owners to upgrade their mills to maintain productivity during dry season. Continue dialogue and consultation process with impacted people

PIU Enviornment specialist of DSC

3 The increase in water supply will increase wastewater levels.

Permanent Significant

Promotion of health and sanitation awareness program including construciton of toilets in all three municipaliteis should be in place. The sewerage system was designed in UEIP I to accomodate the load of sewerage due to this project. The construction of sewerage system in Panauti, Dhulikhel, Banepa municipality, reed bed type of waste water treatment facility is ongoing to treat wastewater generated by project. Promotion of health and sanitation awareness programincluding construciton of toilets in all three municipaliteis should be in place.

Panauti, Dhulikhel and Banepa municipalities and PIU

4 Effects on hydrlogy and sedimentation

Temporary small

Ensure adequate dry flow (environmental flow) i.e 10% riparian release for downstream aquatic and plant life to be released downstream and to ensure no impacts on downstream ecosystems. Ref: Hydropower Development Policy of Government of Nepal (which states downstream release shall be maintained either 10% of minimum mean monthly discharge or the quantum identified in the EIA study whichever is higher. Besides, immediately below the intake seveal tributaries will add water to the exisiting River increasing in net flow.

PIU, municipalities

5 Aquatic species downstream of intake of Roshi

Permanent Moderate

10% riparian release and mixing of other tributaries in Roshi immediately after the intake will have suffient water in the River even after diverting the water for the project. No fish species were found/recorded during the survey. However, regular monitoring of fish species UPSTREAM and DOWNSTREAM is recommended. No fishermen or person dependent to river was found.

PIU

6 Loss of land and other properties

Temporary Small Avoid public land as far as possible in design of KVIWSP. If land acquisition is required, follow the resettlement requirements stipulated in Resettlement Plan (RP).

PIU, Banepa/Dhulikhel/Panauti

No Potential Negative Impact Duration Magnitude Mitigation Measure Responsible Entity

The land will be acquired for as per the Land Acquistion Act, 2034 of GON. Based on which , the compensation determination committee will be formed and compensation rates are fixed

Municipalitiy

Construction Impacts – intake and transmission lines, storage tanks, treatment plants, and distribution lines

Business income losses during construction

Temporary Small Provide plants to allow people to cross trench. Increase workforce in these areas to finish work quickly (within 1 day). Inform shopkeepers in work areas in advance

Small

6 Loss of forest trees and vegetation

Temporary moderate Avoid tree cutting to extent possible and plant 25 saplings for every tree cut. Costs for tree replanting part of contractor's BOQ

PIU/Contractor

7 Trenching will produce additional amounts of waste soil

Temporary Small Maintain cut: fill ratio in design. For extra muck beneficial uses in construction or infill. The top soil should be protected and used in project plantation areas.

Constrcution contractor, supervision by Engineer/PIU

8 Waste soil and imported sand may create dust

Temporary Small Cover the soil and sand during the transporation and storage. If dry soil has to expose for long time, regular sprinkling is required

Constrcution contractor, supervision by Engineer/PIU

9 Siltation of surrounding drains and water

Temporary Small

Use of silt fences and covers sand piles during monsoon season. Also use tarpaulins to cover dry soil when carried on trucks. Backfilling of excavated trenches to be done immediately after work is completed. .

Constrcution contractor, supervision by Engineer/PIU

10 Impact on topography and slope stability

Temporary small Construction activities to avoid steep slopes and landslide prone areas. Supervising Engineers

11 Disposal of excavated materials

Temporary small Excessive excavated materials to be disposed at disignated area and re use as far as possible

Contractor, Monitoring by supervising engineer

12 Environmental impacts from construction worker camps

Temporary small

Where sites/camps are set up, the contractor will see that proper sanitation (toilets, solid waste management) systems are in place; potable drinking water provided; kerosene should be made available to workers; gambling, liquor and illicit relationships banned. Contractor will be required (as per his contract) to ensure clean-up of site back to original, pre-project condition.

PIU, Supervision engineer will ensure that contractor will comly these requirements

13 Trenching could damage other infrastructure

Temporary moderate Confirm location of infrastructure to avoid these sites. Supervising engineer

14 Local shops may lose income if customers’ access is impeded

Temporary small

Compensate businesses for lost income (as per Resettlement Framework). Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil. Provide bridges to allow people & vehicles to cross trench. Increase workforce in these areas to finish work quickly. Inform shopkeepers of work in advance

PIU, Supervising Engineer

15 Traffic will be disrupted if lack of space means that dug soil is placed on road

Temporary small Plan work in coordination with local communities, municipalities, traffic office, work when traffic is light. Ensure police provide traffic diversions when necessary. Increase workforce to finish this work quickly.

Compliance by contractor, supervision by

No Potential Negative Impact Duration Magnitude Mitigation Measure Responsible Entity

and/or water pipes have to be located in the road itself

engineer

16

People will be inconvenienced and their health may be at risk if water supply system is shut down for long period

Temporary small Plan work program to keep shutdown to minimum. Provide alternative water to affected residents. Inform communities of any shutdown in advance

PIU

17

Sites of social/cultural importance (schools, hospitals, temples, tourism sites) may be disturbed by noise, dust, vibration and impeded access

Temporary small

Remove waste quickly, cover/spray stockpiles, import sand only when needed, cover soil/sand on trucks. Increase workforce to finish work quickly. Use bridges to allow access (people/vehicles). Consult relevant authorities, custodians of buildings, local people to address issues & avoid work at sensitive times. No construction at night and early morning hours. Public to be notified of any loud noise and vibrations

Compliance by the construciton contractor, supervision by Supervising Engineer

18 Workers and the public are at risk from accidents on site

Temporary small

Prepare health and safety plan. The PIU will take steps to prevent accidents, injury and disease arising from, associated with or occurring during the course of work by i) identifying an minimizing, so far as reasonably practicable, the causes of potential hazards to workers, ii) providing preventive and protective masures, including modification, substituion or elimination of hazardous conditions or substances; iii) providing appropriate equipment to minimize risks requiring and enforcing its use, iv) training workers and provding them with appropriae incenives to use and comply with health and safety procedues and protective equipment, v) documenting and reporting occoupational accients, diseases, and incidnts, and vi) having emergency prevention, preparedness, and response arrangements in place. The PIU will also take steps to prevent accients, injury and disease arising from associated with, or potential hazards to workers, ii) providing preventive and protective measues, including modification, substitution, or eliminiation of hazardous conditions or substances; iii) providing appropriate equipment to minimize risks and requiring and enforcing its use; iv) training workers and proviing them with appropriate incentives to use and comply with health and safety procedures and protective equipment; v) documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents, and vi) having emergency prevention, preparedness, and response arrangements in place (Parameters to monitor: use of personal protective equipment, use of adequate safety signs and warnings first aid medicines, emergency rescure and prepardness mechanism, supply of potable water to workers, awrenss about STD/AIDS, trainings on health and safety etc.)

Contractor, Supervising engineer

19 Disturbances to wildlife Temporary small Keep all activity limited to construction zones and limit any movement outside construction perimiters.

Contractor, Supervising engineer

20 Effect on fish and fisheries during construction

Temporary small Avoid illgal fishing, avoid disposal of solid, liquid waste to water bodies, Avoid disturbances to aquatic habitat

Compliance by contractor, supervision by

No Potential Negative Impact Duration Magnitude Mitigation Measure Responsible Entity

engineer

21 Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce

Permanent Significant Priority hiring to locals particularly affected persons identified in Resettlement Plans based on their skills and qualifications and project requirements

PIU

O&M Impacts– intake and transmission lines, storage tanks, treatment plants, and distribution lines

24 Occupational health and Safety of workers and locals

Temporary Small Provide provision for safety measures in design stage. Training of workers on safety measures to be taken.

Project Operaton Unit (PIU) formed within the municipality

25 Additional sewage waste due to increased water

Permanent Significant Maintain wastewater treatment plants for full operation and functionality by assigning and training adequate staff. Ensure adequate revenue from tariffs to maintain system

Panauti, Dhulikhel and Banepa municipalities

28 Risk of contaminated water in the distribution system

Temporary Significant Prepare and operate H&S Plan with same measures as used in construction phase PIU

29

Inadequate disposal of sludge treatment plants will cause nuisances to public health.

Permanent Moderate Prepare sludge storage with sludge drying facility, promote use of sludge in agriculture field and other beneficial uses after laboratory testing

PIU

30 Unmanaged use of chlorine to cause health hazards to the workers and public.

Chlorine Handling Safety Manual to be developed and training provided. First aid measures to be introduced and posted in visible place for emergencies. An emergency wash sink will be included in the chlorination room.

PIU formed within the municipality

31 Unmanaged use of chlorine to cause health hazards to the workers and public.

Permanent Moderate

The storage, in-plant handling and dosages must be addressed and procedures set up and guidelines developed for the handling of chlorine (both bleaching powder and gaseous chlorine) and first aid measures to be introduced for emergencies. Trainings to be provided.

PIU formed within the municipality

32 Public health may not improve without improved practices

Permanent Significant Conduct campaigns to raise awareness of health and environmental sanitation issues PIU of municipality

33

Future human activity (agriculture and mule stationing, etc.) could contaminate upstream water sources

Permanent Significant Sustainable forest management and limiting future activity above the intakes. PIU

 

  50

A. Management of additional waste water generated by Water Supply Project 174. Under Urban & Environmental Improvement Project (UEIP) various sub-projects like Water Supply, Sanitation and Sewerage, Road Upgrading, River Training, Supplementary Urban Facilities, etc. are designed and constructed, and some of them are under construction in different municipalities. Sanitation and Sewerage (Waste Water Management) sub-project is one which is designed and being constructed in all three municipalities of Kavre Valley, i.e., Dhulikhel, Banepa and Panauti municipalities. 175. Considering the Water Supply sub-projects under UEIP in all three municipalities of Kavre Valley, combined sewer system under Sanitation and Sewerage sub-projects have been designed. Sewerage production varies on population and rate of water consumption. There are also daily variations in sewerage flow and is relatively high in domestic from the source. This effect diminishes as the flow reaches the branches and mains. The sewers are therefore designed not for the average flow rate but at a flow rate, which is known as peak flow. Peak flow occurs during 2-4 hours or even lesser in the morning and evening time. Peak factor is considered to be 2.5. It considers domestic water demand as 80 lpcd and industrial/commercial demand as 5% of the domestic demand. The sewerage flow has been calculated at 90 % of the gross water demand. Sewerage discharge comparing to storm water is insignificant. However, for the design of combined sewerage, sewerage discharges also have been counted. 176. Besides the above sewerage networks, three Reed Bed Treatment Plants (RBTPs) in Dhulikhel, three in Banepa and two in Panauti municipality for the treatment of dry weather flows have been designed and being constructed including provision of O&M equipment. All are designed to cater the additional wastes generated by the implementation of KVIWSP. 177. The sewerage systems including treatment plants in all three municipalities have been designed to serve buildings and other infrastructure prevailing in the proposed service area of the three towns that are already in existence or are likely to be constructed in near future. Sewers or laterals to serve the future areas/ developments need not be built until needed, but the system has been so designed that expansion will be simple and can be accomplished. Gravity flow only has been considered as pumping of sewage is difficult in operation.

 

  51

Environmental Monitoring Plan and Performance Indicators

Mitigation Measure Parameters to Monitor Monitoring Location Nature of

Measurements and Targets

Frequency Responsibility of monitoring

Costing

Pre-construction period Testing the water quality of the intake water before detailed designs. Intake sites located in steep forested areas with limited human activity.

pH Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) for 5 days at 200 C, mg/L Oil and Grease, mg/L Phenolic ComPIUnds, mg/L Sulphides (as S), mg/L Fluorides (as F), mg/L Arsenic (as As), mg/L Cadmium (as Cd), mg/L Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr), mg/L Copper (as Cu), mg/L Lead (as Pb), mg/L Mercury (as Hg), mg/L Nickle (as Ni), mg/L Zinc (as Zn), mg/L Ammonical Nitrogen, mg/L Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), mg/L E-Coli Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L Chlorides, mg/L Total Nitrogen, mg/L Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L Calcium, mg/L Magnesium, mg/L Iron, mg/L Manganese, mg/L Sodium, mg/L Potassium, mg/L

Roshi Khola and Its tributaries, and at intake site

Physical observation on site and laboratory analysis of samples National Standards

2 season PIU 50000.00

Identify and consult all downstream users and

MOU, Minutes of meeting,

N/A Mutual consensus achieved

Periodic PIU 150000.00 (logistics and meeting allowance to

 

  52

ensure sufficient water for them to continue existing water-dependent activities. Negotiate agreements with users and municipality and establish controls to ensure that water is not abstracted in excess of agreed volumes. If required MOU should be signed between downstream villages during the ongoing consultation and planning process.

participants)

The construction of sewerage system in Panauti, Dhulikhel, Banepa municipality, reed bed type of waste water treatment facility is ongoing. Promotion of health and sanitation awareness programincluding construciton of toilets in all three municipaliteis should be in place.

Progress of construction Banepa, Dhulikhel and Panauti municipalities

Field visit, progress reports

Periodic PIU Included in construction cost

Avoid public land as far as possible in design of KVIWSP. If land acquisition is required, follow the resettlement requirements stipulated in Resettlement Plan (RP). RP is included in SIA of KVIWSP and IEE

Draft design report (project layout maps)

All three municipalities

Reports and physical observation Performance against RP

Periodic PIU No cost (PIUs regular activity)

Construction period Avoid tree cutting to extent possible and plant 25 saplings for every tree cut.

Tree count records All construction sites (Intake, distribution lines, reservoirs, etc) of all three municipalities

Observation Confirmation in field

Regular Supervision consultant

In order to increase the recharge capacity of watershed area/catchment, tree plantation in UPSTREAM of intake and other project area planned. NRs. 600000.00

Maintain cut: fill ratio in design. For extra muck

Volume and type of spoil generated

All construction sites Field observation Regular Supervising consultant

NRs. 300000.00 Storage and use of top soil

 

  53

beneficial uses in construction or infill. The top soil should be protected and used in project plantation areas.

(transportation and storage)

Cover the soil and sand during the transporation and storage. If dry soil has to expose for long time, regular sprinkling is required

Generation of dust All construction sites Visual observation Continuous Supervising consultant

To be included in contract document and cost borne by the contractor

Proper management of construction camps

Water quality, sanitation, housing quality, facilities, ill social practices

All construction camps

On the spot observation

Continuous Supervising consultant

To be included in contract document and cost borne by the contractor

Provide planks to allow people to cross trench. Increase workforce in these areas to finish work quickly (within 1 day). Inform shopkeepers in work areas in advance

Inventory of business for lost income including water mills

All construction sites On the spot observation

Regular Supervising consultant

8,47,000.00 (for 11 water mills), addressed in SIA

Plan work in coordination with local communities, municipalities, traffic office, work when traffic is light. Ensure police provide traffic diversions when necessary. Increase workforce to finish this work quickly.

Traffic obstruction All construction sites Physical observation

Regular PIU Included in project construction cost

Remove waste quickly, over/spray stockpiles, import sand only when needed, cover soil/sand on trucks. Increase workforce to finish work quickly. Use bridges to allow access (people/vehicles). Consult relevant authorities, custodians of buildings, local people to address issues & avoid work at sensitive times. No construction at night and early morning hours. Public

Dust, Noise, Records of information dissemination to public

Intake, Reservior, Transmission lines

Physical observation, Monitoring of air and noise by equipment

3 seasons Supervising consultant

The number of bridges, access to be constructed will be worked out during design phase and included in project cot. The generation of dust and other air pollutants and noise is insignificant in this project.

 

  54

to be notified of any loud noise and vibrations Preparation of Health and Safety Plan

Health and Safety Plan Document

Match with standards like OSHA

Regular Contractor prepare, approved by supervising consultant

Avoid illgal fishing, avoid disposal of solid, liquid waste to water bodies, Avoid disturbances to aquatic habitat

Illegal fish catch Roshi Khola and its tributaries, Intake site

Visual Regular Supervising consultant

Priority hiring to locals particularly affected persons identified in Resettlement Plans based on their skills and qualifications and project requirements

Attendance, job records All job sites in three municipalities

Documental evidences

Continuous PIU and Supervising consultant

Provide skill improvement training to SPAF and PAF Nrs. 900000.00 (3 training)

O&M period

Provide provision for safety measures in design stage. Training of workers on safety measures to be taken.

Records of trainings, safety records

N/A Number of training, type and its effectiveness

2 times Municipality Training cost = Rs. 500000.00 (Rs. 250000/training)

Ensure adequate dry flow (environmental flow) to be released downstream as per government requirements (if exist) and to ensure no impacts on downstream ecosystems. Water Quality pH, BOD, Faecal Coli form, Free Ammonia, EC, SAR, Boron

DOWNSTREAM discharge measurement

DOWNSTREAM of intake

Flow measurement National Standards

Regular ( min. 2 time a month)

Municipality Included in project cost

Prepare sludge storage with sludge drying facility, promote use of sludge in agriculture field and other beneficial uses

Construction of facilities Job sites of 3 municipalities

Observation

Regular PIU Included in project

 

  55

Chlorine Handling Safety Manual to be developed and training provided. First aid measures to be introduced and posted in visible place for emergencies. An emergency wash sink will be included in the chlorination room.

Manual, First aid box Observation PIU Included in project cost

The storage, in-plant handling and dosages must be addressed and procedures set up and guidelines developed for the handling of chlorine (both bleaching powder and gaseous chlorine) and first aid measures to be introduced for emergencies. Trainings to be provided.

Prior chlorination check for pH, NH3, Fe, and Mn Proper dosage, residual chlorine, percentage of chlorine in supplied water, emergency measures /safety gears introduced, type and nature of training planned

Chlorine storage area, treatment areas

Laboratory analysis of water samples after chlorination

Daily PIU Rs. 1000/sample (Rs. 360000.00/year)

Conduct campaigns to raise awareness of health and environmental sanitation issues

Type, number and nature of training provided

Records 2 trainings /municipality/year

PIU Rs. 600000/year for 2 year (total cost = Rs. 1200000)

Sustainable forest management and limiting future activity above the intakes.

Nature and type of upstream encroachment (If any), nature and type of forest management activities planned and implemented.

UPSTREAM areas of intake

Records, visual observation

Bi-annual PIU 300000.00/year for 4 year (total = Rs. 1200000), continued after the O& M period and beyond

 

 

ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING No. Item Cost (Rs)

A. Pre Construction Phase i. Water Quality Monitoring of Tributaries and Intake 50000.00 ii. Stakeholder meeting allowances and logistics 150000.00

B. Construction Phase a. Tree planting 600000.00 ii. Storage and use of top soil 300000.00

B. Training Costs

Program 1: Skill improvement training for PAF/SPAF (Construction phase)

900000.00

Program 2 Health and safety training to workers (O & M phase)

500000.00

Program 3: Awareness raising training on health and sanitation

1200000.00

C. Other

TOTAL 3,700,000 Yearly water sample testing Nrs. 36000/year not included.

Training to be conducted by DSC environmental specialist. Costs for environmental monitoring included in BOQ of contractor.

B. Project Management Plan Structure 178. The following project management unit for different phases has been proposed for KVIWSP.

Institutional & Project Administrative Arrangement

MOPPW

DUDBC

PCO

Municipalities Steering Committee

PIU

Consultant Contractor

 

 

C. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Development 179. In order to implement the proposed mitigation, monitoring and reporting mechanisms of KVIWSP, the entities proposed above should be properly backed by manpower and financial resources. The PIU should designate one staff specially to look after the environmental and social safeguards. There will be a provision of environmental and social safeguard specialist in the team of supervision consultant who will be responsible for environmental and social compliance during the construction stages of the project. The environmental and social safeguard specialist of supervising consultant will report to PIU. The PIU will review the report and then it will send a report with their assessment to PCO. PCO will report regularly to ADB on environmental and social safeguard aspects of the project. The supervising consultant will make necessary arrangement of training need assessment in order to provide environment and social training to relevant PIU officers.

Training Program for PIUs Program 1: Environmental policy and compliance procedures Program 2 Environmental Management during project implementation

Table 16: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities SN Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule

1 DUDBC

Overall project management oversite Review project design and contract documents ,

against approved IEE/EIA measures and national environmental standards and give comments for corrective actions

Review of monitoring reports of project construction and operation and give comments for corrective actions

IEE/EIA approval by GON After approval of IEE/EIA Before contract bidding As and when required construction and operation phases

2

Ministry of forest and soil conservation

Review and comments on EIA for Final approval of EIA

Give approval and permission for forest clearance of the national forest land (if required)

Assist proponent in pegging, measuring and evaluation of the forest resources of the affected forest stretch

Review of monitoring reports of project construction and operation and give comments for corrective actions related to forest and ecology

Assist the proponent in identification of compensatory afforestation areas as per the plans of the district and reserve areas so that Landscape Approach to Biodiversity Conservation

Advise and assist the proponent in the forestry awareness programs

Prior to IEE/EIA approval After approval of IEE Pre-construction phase Before construction starts As and when required construction and operation phases As and when required construction and operation phases As and when required construction and operation phases

3

Proponent (DUDBC)and its institutional line offices

Ensure that the IEE/EIA measures are incorporated in the final project design and tender documents of project construction and operation

Acquire necessary permits and approval for project construction and operation

Prior to contract award Before construction

 

 

SN Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule

Ensure that the project construction and operation activities are in accordance with EIA and other GON legislative requirements.

Monitoring and record keeping regarding environmental measures and impacts.

Ensure public participation and involvement in project implementation and operation.

Compilation of quarterly environmental monitoring and performance report and dispatch for review through proponent to stakeholders and submit annual monitoring report to ADB

During construction, and operation phase During construction, and operation During detailed design, construction, and operation. During detailed, construction, and operation.

4

Supervising Engineers (Env and social safeguard specialist

Supervision, baseline, compliance and impact monitoring of construction contractor's activities as per responsibilities in the contract document and advise the proponent and Supervising engineers for needed actions at the site in regular environmental management meetings.

Monitoring of implementation of the socio-economic physical, cultural, chemical and biological environmental responsibilities of the proponent not included in the contract document and advise the proponent for needed actions

Provide needed corrective action as per the field requirements to minimize the impacts

Prepare monthly environmental monitoring report to PIU of the project construction and forward to the proponent for review to the stakeholder

Daily, weekly, monthly, three monthly Regularly during construction phase Regularly during construction phase Monthly monitoring report to PIU during construction and after three months of the project construction completion.

5 Construction Supervising Engineers

Supervise the construction works as per the provisions of EIA and direct construction contractor in consultation with the environmental engineers for the environmental improvement

Preside monthly Environmental Management and Health and Safety Meetings of the supervising engineers, contractors and Environmental Engineers and maintain the records for implementation status and needed corrective actions

Regularly during construction phase Monthly during construction

6 Construction Contractor

Implement mitigation measures as specified in IEE/EIA or as instructed by supervising engineer

First hand monitoring and record keeping of environmental mitigation measures implemented and their performance

Implement any corrective actions specified by supervising engineers within specified time

Provide training to operator

Daily during construction phase Regularly during construction phase. Regularly during construction phase First 1 years of operation phase

7 Municipalities (Dhulikhel,

Provide recommendations to the proponent with comments and suggestions and assist proponent in

Prior to proposal implementation

 

 

SN Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule Banepa, and Panauti)

the project implementation

Assist in public consultation awareness building organized by the proponent

Assist and provide suggestions to the proponent in the matters related to community mobilization

Assist Ministry of Environment in the proposal audit

Review of monitoring reports of project construction and operation and give comments for corrective actions

Ensure that transparency in the project activities are maintained by all the concerned stakeholders as per IEE/ EIA report and commitments

During construction and operation During construction and operation Operation As and when required construction and operation phases Regularly during construction and operation

8

Affected wads of municipalities,Village Development Committees

Provide recommendations to the proponent with comments and suggestions and assist proponent in the project implementation

Assist in public consultation awareness building organized by the proponent

Assist and provide suggestions to the proponent in the matters related to community mobilization

Assist Ministry of environment in the proposal audit

Review of monitoring reports of project construction and operation and give comments for corrective actions

Ensure that transparency in the project activities are maintained by all the concerned stakeholders as per EIA report and commitments

Prior to proposal implementation During construction and operation During construction and operation Operation As and when required construction and operation phases Pre-construction and as and when required during construction and operation Regularly during construction and operation

9 NGOs ,CBOs, WUG, CFUG

Provide recommendations to the proponent with comments and suggestions and assist proponent in the project implementation

Assist in public consultation awareness building organized by the proponent

Assist and provide suggestions to the proponent in the matters related to community mobilization

Assist Ministry of environment in the proposal audit

Review of monitoring reports of project construction and operation and give comments for corrective actions

Ensure that transparency in the project activities are maintained by all the concerned stakeholders as per IEE/EIA report and commitments

Prior to proposal implementation During construction and operation During construction and operation Operation As and when required construction and operation phases\

 

 

SN Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule

10

PCO, PIU, Supervision Consultant, PIU (within the municipality)

PCO will ensure that environmental mitigation and enhancement cost will be included in project cost

PCO will arrange for the compensation and resettlement budget

PCO will liaison between the Government and community for solving 36 points demands submitted by the community

PIU is responsible for including environment, health and safety aspects in contract document which will address the requirements in pre-construction, construction phased environment, health, and safety.

PIU will assign one officer to look after environmental and social safeguard aspects of the project

Safeguard specialist of supervision consultant is responsible for overall monitoring during the construction phases of the project

PIU will submit annual monitoring reports to ADB for review. The Supervision consultant will ensure any corrective actions required by ADB are taken in a will post all monitoring reports on its website.

PIU formed within each municipality is responsible for the monitoring during operation and maintenance stages of the project.

The overall roles and responsibilities of PCO, PIU,

and supervision consultant are elaborated in Chapter- 9

PIU to submit quarterly monitoring report to PCO PCO to submit annual monitoring report to ADB

D. Project's Environmental Management Office 180. As per the Nepalese Environmental Protection Rules, environmental management of the project is the responsibility of the proponent. For KVIWSP the proponent’s Project Implementation Unit (PIU) has the responsibility of Project's Environmental Management. 181. The supervision consultant will report the environmental and social compliance in a monthly basis to PIU, PIU will report in a quarterly basis to PCO, and PCO will send environmental and social safeguard report to ADB annually. `ADB will post all monitoring reports on its web site. To ensure that the recommended mitigation and monitoring actions are duly implemented, monitored, assessed, evaluated and disseminated to the stakeholders for feed back and improvement, the KVIWSP PIU should designate a staff to look after Environmental and Social safeguard measures of the project and also to oversight the work of supervising consultant. The proposed safeguard officer at PIU has four major roles to play. First it will implement and administer land and property acquisition, compensation of affected parties. Second it will implement and administer the program in the project-affected areas. Third it will disseminate information to the project's stakeholders and co-ordinate with the different line agencies. Fourth it will monitor the environmental and social measures and its performance as per EMP. 182. The PIU safeguard officer should be assigned least six months before the project's civil construction award. The officer shall function directly under the Project Manager have a responsibility to co-ordinate with the project's Supervising Consultant, who is primarily responsible to oversight environmental safeguard related matters during the construction stages of the project.

 

 

E. Implementation Schedule for IEE

2009 2010

SN Description of Work Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Remarks

1 Baseline Data Collection for IEE (Field Visit)

2 Preparation of Draft IEE 3 Submission of Draft Report to the

Proponent for review and inputs, Approval of IEE

4 Establishment of ESU & Sub Units

5 Incorporation of environment & social clauses in tender document

TBD

6 Construction Phase Monitoring TBD 7 Operation Phase Monitoring TBD

IX. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Findings

183. The Project is designed to improve the quality of life of Kavre Valley town residents. The towns' economies will benefit from enhanced productivity as a result of health improvement, time savings in collecting water, as well as from increased urban efficiency arising from improved roads, bridges, drainage, drinking water and sanitation. Residents in towns will also benefit from lower water costs and from savings in health care costs. 184. During project design, community meetings were held with beneficiaries to discuss sanitation, poverty, resettlement, affordability issues, and environmental concerns. Socioeconomic surveys obtained information and individual views on current situations and future preferences. Potential environmental impacts of urban infrastructure improvements are mainly short-term during the construction period and can be minimized by the proposed mitigating measures and environmentally sound engineering and construction practices. 185. The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of all elements of the infrastructure proposed under the Kavre Valley water supply subproject. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to both construction and operation of the improved infrastructure, but no impacts were identified as being due to either the project design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed in generic way to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. These include:

(i) Locating all pipelines within the ROW of existing roads, to the extent possible, to avoid the need to acquire land or relocate people; and

(ii) Locating pipelines on unused land adjacent to roads wherever possible, to avoid damaging roads and disrupting traffic and other activities.

186. This means that the number of impacts and their significance has already been reduced by amending the design. Changes have also been made to the location of elements of the project to further reduce impacts. These include:

 

 

(i) Locating most facilities on government-owned land to minimize the need for land acquisition and relocation of people; and

(ii) Locating the distribution main in the ROW, to reduce the acquisition of agricultural land and impacts on livelihoods of farmers and workers.

187. Regardless of these and various other actions taken during the IEE process and in developing the project, there will still be impacts on the environment when the infrastructure is built and when it is operating. This is mainly because of the invasive nature of trenching and other excavation; because the distribution network is located in parts of developed areas of towns where there are moderately densely populated areas and sites. 188. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of waste soil and import a similar amount of sand to support the pipes in the trenches; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, traffic and important buildings by the construction work. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation. These include:

(i) Finding beneficial uses for waste material; (ii) Covering soil and sand during transportation and when stored on site; (iii) Planning work to minimise disruption of traffic and communities; and (iv) Providing temporary structures to maintain access across trenches where

required.

189. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example it is proposed that the project will:

(i) Employ in the workforce people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with a short-term economic gain; and

(ii) Ensure that people employed in the longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities.

190. These and the other mitigation and enhancement measures are summarised in the EMP which also shows the location of the impact, the body responsible for the mitigation, and the program for its implementation. 191. Once the system is operating, most facilities (Intake, treatment, reservoirs) will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Leaks in the network will need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only. 192. The main impacts of the operating water supply system will be beneficial as the citizens of Kavre Valley will be provided with a constant supply of water, which will serve a greater proportion of the population. This will improve the quality of life of people as well as benefiting both individual and public health as the improvements in hygiene should reduce the incidence of disease associated with poor sanitation. This should lead to economic gains as people will be away from work less and will spend less on healthcare, so their incomes should increase. 193. The IEE also assesses the effectiveness of each mitigation measure in reducing each impact to an acceptable level. This is shown as the level of significance of the residual impact (remaining after the mitigation is applied). This shows that all impacts will be rendered at least

 

 

neutral (successfully mitigated), and that certain measures will produce a benefit (in addition to the major benefits provided by the operating schemes). 194. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during both construction and operation to ensure that all measures are provided as intended, and to determine whether the environment is protected as envisaged. This will include observations on and off site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported to the PIU. There will also be longer-term surveys to monitor the expected improvements in the quality of domestic water and the health of the population. B. Recommendations

195. There are two straightforward but essential recommendations that need to be followed to ensure that the environmental impacts of the project are successfully mitigated. These are that PIU should ensure that:

(i) All mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures proposed in the EMP report are implemented in full, as described in these two documents; and

(ii) The Environmental Monitoring Plan proposed in this report and the internal are also implemented in full.

X. CONCLUSIONS

196. The environmental status of the proposed improvements in water supply and distribution infrastructure in Kavre Valley has been assessed. Issues related to Involuntary Resettlement were assessed by a parallel process of resettlement planning and will be compensated by measures set out in detail in the Resettlement Plan for the subproject. 197. The overall conclusion of both processes is that providing the mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures are implemented in full, there should be no significant negative environmental impacts as a result of location, design, construction or operation of the subproject. There should in fact be some small benefits from recommended mitigation and enhancement measures, and major improvements in quality of life and individual and public health once the scheme is in operation. Ongoing consultations should occur with downstream users to develop mutual consensus among local people/institution, PIU/PCO, and concerned municipalities. As proposed in this report, proper grievances redress mechanism must be established for smooth and unhindered project operation. 198. There are no uncertainties in the analysis, and no further studies are required to comply with ADB procedure or national law

Appendix 1 

 

64 

List of consulted persons during the field visit

S.N Name Address 1 Mr. Pitamber Shrestha PM UEIP, Dhulikhel 2 Mr. Krishna Bhushan Khonju Chairman, Dhulikhel Khanepani

Upabhokta Samittee 3 Mr. Rameshwor Parajuli Manager, Dhulikhel Khanepani

Upabhokta Samittee 4 Mr Mahesh Baral Executive Officer, Banepa Municipality 5 Mr. Dinesh Pote PM,UEIP, Banepa 6 Mr. Roshan Shrestha PM UEIP, Panauti 7 Mr. Lalit K. Shakya UEIP Engineer, Panauti 8 Mr. Sijan Aryal RP UEIP, Panauti 9 Mr. Binod Devkota Consultant, TAEC 10 Mr. Manoj K. Sharma Consultant,BDA,Coordinator 11 Mr. Madan Dangol Engineer, ICON 12 Mr. Rajesh Panthi EO,Panauti 13 Mr. Ashok Benju Coordinator,Local Leader, Dhulikhel 14 Mr. Tirtha Pokhrel Local Leader,Panauti 15 Mr. Bimal Shrestha Local Leader, Dhulikhel 16 Mr. Kanchan Chandra Bade Local Leader, Banepa 17 Mr. Ramhari Subedi Local Leader,Panauti 18 Mr. Prabhuram KC Local Leader,Panauti 19 Mr. Ram Pd. Manandhar Local Leader,Panauti 20 Mr. Krishna P. Sapkota VDC Secretary, Bhumidanda 21 Mrs. Shara Manandhar Engineer, TAEC 22 Mr. Anil Kumar Baidhya Banepa 23 Mrs. Jayanti Ghimire UEIP, Banepa 24 Mrs. Radhika Sapkota Kushadevi-5 25 Mr. Rudra Pd. Humangai Bhumidanda-3 26 Mr. Bed Pd Humangai Bhumidanda-3 27 Mr. Bhumi Pd. Acharya Bhumidanda-3 28 Mr. Damodar Humangai Bhumidanda 28 Mr. Suresh Acharya Kushadevi-6 29 Mr. Ramesh Sigdel Kushadevi-6 30 Mr. Harka B. Tamang Kushadevi-6 31 Mr. Ratna B. Gole Kushadevi-5 32 Mr. Bharat Shrestha Bhumidanda-3 32 Mr. Jit B. Thapa Kushadevi-6 33 Mr. Durga B. Shrestha Bhumidanda-3 34 Mr.Ramesh Kunwar Panauti-10 34 Mr Arjun Shrestha Nepal Army, Dhulikhel-3 35 Mr Ramlal TUSU Dhulikhel-3 36 Mr. Bishnu Shrestha Bhumidanda-5 38 Mr. Jaglal Shrestha Bhumidanda-5 39 Mr Gobinda Bishwakarma Bhumidanda-5 40 Mr. Ram B.Tamang Bhumidanda 41 Mr. Nanimaiya Shrestha Bhumidanda-5

Appendix 2 

 

65

Pictorial Highlights

Proposed Reservoir site Of Devisthan, Dhulikhel

Proposed Reservoir Site of Bansghari, Dhulikhel

Appendix 2 

 

66 

Site observation at Sashisipani, Banepa with UEIP staffs

Stakeholders meeting with UEIP staffs at Panauti

Appendix 2 

 

67

Field observation of Devisthan Reservoir with UEIP staffs

Proposed Reservoir Site at KUPS Danda Reservoir

Appendix 3 

 

68 

Environmental Standards

Drinking Water Quality Standards for Construction Camps and Construction Sites SN Parameters Desirable Limits Maximum Tolerable Limit 1. Colour, Hazen units, Max 10 15 2. Odour Unobjectionable 3. Taste Agreeable 4. Turbidity, NTU, Max 5 10 5. Total Dissolved Solids, mg/l , Max 500 1500 6. Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max 0.3 7. Fluoride (as F), mg/l, Max 1.5 8 6H5OH), mg/l, Max 0.001 May be relaxed upto 0.002 9. Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max 0.001 No relaxation 10 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max 0.01 No relaxation 11 Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max 0.01 No relaxation 12 Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max 0.01 No relaxation 13 Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max 0.05 No relaxation 14 Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max 0.05 No relaxation 15. Chromium (as Cr6+), mg/l, Max 0.05 No relaxation 16. Residual free Chlorine, (as Cl), mg/l, Min 0.2 17. Ammonia, mg/l, Max 1.5 18. Aluminium, mg/l, max 0.2 19 Boron mg/l, max 0.3 20 Nickel, mg/l, max 0.02 21 Hydrogen sulphide, mg/l, max 0.1 22. Zinc, mg/l, max 3 Source: Standards adopted from Department of Water Supply & Sewerage

Ambient Air Quality Standards in the Project Area

Parameters Units Averaging Time Concentration in Ambient

Air, maximum Annual -

24-hours* 230 Annual -

24-hours* 120 Annual 50

24-hours** 70 Annual 40

24-hours** 80 8 hours** 10,000

15 minute 100,000 Annual 0.5

24-hours - Annual 20****

24-hours -

Source: National Ambient Air Quality Standards adopted from MOEST *Note: 24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18 days per calendar year the

standard may be exceeded but not on two consecutive days. **Note: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 and 8 hours standard for CO are not to be controlled

before MOPE has recommended appropriate test methodologies. This will be done before 2005.

***Note: If representativeness can be proven, yearly averages can be calculated from PM10 samples from selected weekdays from each month of the year.

Appendix 3 

 

69

****Note: To be re-evaluated by 2005.

Emissions Standards for ‘in-use’ Vehicles Fuel Wheelers Type Manufacturing Date Emissions

Four-Wheelers Up to 1980 � 4.5% CO � 1,000 ppm HC*

Four-Wheelers After 1981 � 3.0% CO � 1,000 ppm HC*

Three-Wheelers Up to 1991 � 4.5% CO � 7,800 ppm HC*

Three-Wheelers After 1991 � 3.0% Co � 7,800 ppm HC*

Two-Wheelers � 4.5% CO � 7,800 ppm HC*

Up to 1994 � 75 HSU After 1994 � 65 HSU

LPG/CNG All categories � 3.0% CO* � 1,000 ppm HC*

Source: Nepal Gazette, BS 2054-9-8, Ministry of Works and Transport * Nepal Gazette, BS 2057-7-7, Ministry of Population and Environment CO – carbon monoxide; HC – Hydrocarbon; HSU – Hertridge Smoke Unit

Proposed Noise Exposure Limits for the Work Environment (Adopted from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

SN Noise Exposure (dBA) Permissible exposure (Hours and Minutes) 1. 85 16 hrs. 2. 87 12 hrs. –18 min. 3. 90 8 hrs. 4. 93 5 hrs – 18 min. 5. 96 3 hrs.-30 min. 6. 99 2 hrs. – 18 min. 7. 102 1 hr. – 30 min. 8. 105 1 hr. 9. 108 40 min. 10. 111 26 min. 11. 114 17 min. 12. 115 15 min. 13. 118 10 min. 14. 121 6.6 min. 15. 124 4 min. 16. 127 3 min. 17. 130 1 min.

Source: Marsh, 1991. Proposed Average Equivalent Sound Levels Recommended to Protect the Public Health

and Welfare of the Project Site Communities

S.N. Land Use Measure To Protect Against Activity

Interference and Hearing Loss Effects (dBA)

Appendix 3 

 

70 

1. Residential including farm residences

Leq (24) 55

2. Commercial Leq (24) 70 3. Hospitals Leq (24) 55 4. Industrial Leq (24) 70 5. Educational Leq (24) 55 6. Recreational Areas Leq (24) 70

7. Farmland and general unpopulated land

Leq (24) 70

Source: U.S, Environmental Protection Agency, 1974 Note: Leq (24)= Equivalent Sound Level in decibels for 24 hours. 10.1.3 Environmental Permits and Approvals Permits and Approvals relevant to the USSHEP are presented in table 10.7 below.

Permits and Approvals Required Issues Authority Approval and permits EIA approval

Ministry of Environment, Nepal Approval

IEE Approval ADB Approval

Tree clearing and Government owned land Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation District Forest Office,

Approval and permits

Tree clearing in Community Forest Forest User Groups Approval

Relocation of archaeological , cultural and religious sites

Village Development Committee and Department of Archaeology

Approval

Works on private land and property Landowner Approval

Relocation or disturbance to infrastructures such as irrigation canals, water supply, foot trails and tracks, suspension bridges, etc

Respective user committees/Village Development Committee and Ward Office

Approval

Appendix 4 

 

71

Appendix 5 

 

72 

List of 36-point demands submitted to the PIU by the community 1. Bhumidanda VDC

Main Componen Sub-Component Type of demands Step Taken/Status Scholarship (KU)

KU for higher education. To be requested one Scholarship each in I. Sc, B.Sc,M.Sc Sc.

Scholarship (IT Park)

Three scholarships after the IT Park operation.

If IT park permitted to Locals, it will be provided

Scholarships to the intelligent and poor students

Scholarships to the intelligent andpoor students from all the higherlevel education institutions of all the three municipalities.

Concern municipalities should held discussions in this regard and arrange to provide few scholarships.

Six different types of demands on construction of buildings, library, laboratory and school play ground.

A total of 4 school building Construction of different size as 2 roomed, 4 roomed, 6 roomed etc.; total 3 play grounds construction and protection; constof science laboratory and library; and installation and management of one primary school.

Discussion and interaction With District Education Office (DEO) and District Development Council (D DC) shall be made and necessary actions should be taken.

1. Education

Post designation of teachers

Number of teachers demanded By three schools:

a. 2 teachers for Bal PrakasSec Secondary school, b. One teacher for Indradev

lower Lower secondary school and

c. one teacher for Mahankal primary school.

Discussion and interaction Should be held with them.

One 15 bed hospital. One 15 bed hospital should be Managed within the access of Kusadevi and Bhumidanda VDCs

To be requested with Dhu- Likhel hospital for the establishment of satellite Hospital.

2. Health

70 percent concession for treatment.

70 percent concession should be provided to the inhabitants of Bhumisanda VDC by all the Hospitals running within three Municipalities.

For this Consultation with DhuKhel , Seer memorial and Handicapped Children hospital is recommended to find ways in dealing with it.

Rs. 30,00,000.00 Grants

Rs. 30,00,000 grants per annum for the whole project period by the municipalities.

It should be re-discussed 3. Grants

30 percent of the total annual income should be provided.

After the completion of the Project net 30 percent of the amoOf annual income should be pro-Vided to Bhumidanda VDC.

It should be re-discussed

4. Bridge construction

2 motor able bridge construction

2 motor able bridge over Khar khola confluence should be constructed.

Reportedly, one of the motorable bridge is under Construction and for the remaining, necessary lobbyingthrough municipality at ministry

Appendix 5 

 

73

level is recommended.

The existing fair- Weather road of Ward No 7,8,9 should be gravelled

The existing fair-weather road of ward No 7,8,9 should be grave- lled and three crossing bridges over the Rosi khola should be constructed.

Forward the request to concerGovernment entity..

Pedestrian bridge construction

Pedestrian bridge over Kalanti Khola should be constructed. That is the border river of Ward No. 6 and 7

Concerned municipalities shoudeal this matter properly..

Pedestrian bridge construction

Pedestrian bridge close to VDC building and also giving Acess to Mahabir tol and ward No. 4 and 5, should be constructed.

Municipalities, concerned GONAgencies shall be approached

Road should be black topped

The fair-weather road from Panauti to Jorghatta via BhumidaAnd Kusadevi should be black Topped.

Requested to Nepal Government's road Department for the Necessary management.

Construction of Road

Road construction from ward no. 6 of Kushadevi To Bhardeu of Lalitpur

Road construction from ward no. 6 of Kushadevi To Bhardeu of Lalitpur

5. Road construction

Construction of Road Road construction from Kushadevi To Dungkharka via Chindu- Roshi- Kalati Magargaun

Road construction from ward no. 6 of Kushadevi To Bhardeu of Lalitpur

6. Irrigation Intake construction And canal improvement

Intake construction And canal improvement from Kharkhola to Tribeni Ghat including the middle part of ward no. 1 and 6 of Kushadevi VDC.

Necessary arrangements Will be made by requesting the Department of irrigation, of Government of Nepal

7. Drinking water Supply

Construction of large Drinking water project

Construction of large Drinking water project by utilizing the Panchakanya source To supply the drinking water for Ward no. 1,2,3,4,5 and 6

Shall be discussed before making Decision.

8. VDC Building construction

Land purchasing and Building construction

After purchasing the necessary Land VDC Office Building should constructed

Requested to Nepal Government's Peace and Re-construction Ministry For building construction

9. Pani Ghatta (Traditional Water Mill)

Installation of improvedWater mill and to Manage the alternative employment

All the Ghattas operating in this VDC Should get the compensation with the concensusof Ghatta owners and they shouldget the alternative employment.

Improved Ghatta and Alternative employment Shall be arranged.

10. Employment Opportunity

Priority of employment Opportunity should be Given to locals.

Nearly 50 percent of the people of Bhumidanda VDC should get priority of employment for skill and Semi-skilled labour at the implimentation of the project

Priority should be given on The basis of the minimum requirement

11. Integrated Drinking Water Project

Disagreement to give Saptakanya source

Kharkhola Saptakanya source Which is located at ward no 3 at Bhumidanda VDC. The local Inhabitants are found disagree to

Interaction/discussion will carried out again

Appendix 5 

 

74 

Give the water source to include iThe main source of Integrated Drinking water system

Disagreement to give Saptakanya source

Kharkhola Panchakanya source That has been located at ward noBhumidanda. The traditional userare found disagree to provide the to integrated drinking system.

Interaction/discussion will carried out again

Compensation of land The land which occupies by the Pipe line should be compensated

The private land which is Occupied by pipe layout Will be compensated.

Historically important Property should be welConstructed and protected

All the historically and religiously Important temples, monastery, Inn etc which are located within The Bhumidanda VDC should be Well protected by preparing master plan.

If the local people allow to utilize the water source, this demand should be obviously fulfilled by the project side

12. Miscellaneou

Natural Environment should be well protecte

Preparation of master plan for the protection of natural environment.

Drinking water and waste management related projects requiring IEE and EIA in Nepal

Drinking Water Projects requiring IEE and EIA in Nepal (according to the EPR 1997 & its Amendment 2007)

IEE EIA 1 Rainwater in area not more than 200 ha & use of

water sources (springs and wetland) located within the same area

1 Rainwater in area > 200 ha & use of water sources (springs and wetland) located within the same area

2 Surface water sources with not more than 1 cubic ft per second safe yield, and supply of not more than 50% of the water during the dry season

2 Surface water sources > 1 cubic ft per second safe yield, and use of its entire part during the dry season

3 Processing of water > 25 liters per second 3 Recharging > 50 % of the total aquifer for the development of underground water sources

4 Recharging up to 50 % of the total aquifer for the development of underground water sources

4 Displacement > 100 persons for the operation of water supply schemes

5 Construction of tunnels for carrying water 5 Settlement > 500 persons on the upper reaches of water sources

6 Displacement of 25 - 100 persons for operating a water supply scheme

6 Supply of drinking water to a population > 50,000

7 Settlement of not more than 500 persons on the upper reaches of water sources

7 Supply of drinking water to a population > 100,000 and connection of new sources

8 Supply of drinking water to a population ranging between 5,000 – 50,000

8 Over mining of biologically or chemically polluted point and non-point sources or underground water sources that may be affected by them

9 Supply of drinking water to a population 10,000 - 100,000 and connection of new sources

9 Operation of multi-purpose projects relating to sources of drinking water using water sources > 25 liters per second

10 River training and diversion activities over an area of more than one kilometer

11 Construction of water supply project together with sewerage treatment