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Environmental

Planning

Prof. Roque “Popoy” A. Magno

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

URBAN and REGIONAL PLANNING

• is a deliberate, organized and continuous

process of identifying different elements

and aspects of the environment (social,

economic, physical, political) determining

their present state and interaction,

projecting them in concert throughout a

period of time in the future and formulating

and programming a set of actions and

plans to attain desired results.

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NATURE and SCOPE OF

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

• DYNAMIC: Changes overtime, technological

change; cultural norms and traditions; not static;

responsive to new demands and needs of

people.

• CYCLIC: Unending process; Always goes back

to where it started; Were the problems solved?

Goals and objectives attained? At what level of

satisfaction?

• MULTI-DISCIPLINARY: Requires the expertise of

various disciplines; economics; engineering;

sociology; architecture; law; geography etc.

NATURE and SCOPE OF

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

• CONTINUOUS: Plan is prepared, approved,

implemented; reviewed and evaluated; replan

again based on new demands of the time.

• TIME BOUND: Plan must have a time

perspective; short, medium, long range; Basis

for plan review and assessment.

• COMPREHENSIVE: Covers all aspects of man

and his environment; physical, social,

economics, political adm. and the natural

environment.

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PROGRAM

is a collection of complementary projects/activities

formulated to achieve the functions/objectives of a

sector. Programs describe in detail the kind and

quantities of resources to be used.

PROJECT

is a self-contained unit of investment aimed at

developing resources and facilities within a limited area

within a given time period. A project deals with goods

and services significant to the accomplishment of

national, regional and local development plans.

SECTOR

is an element or sub-system of the entire

community development system having specific

functions and subject to program planning.

STANDARD

is an accepted criterion or established measure

for determining performance; a rule by which

something is evaluated.

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COMMON DEFINITIONS

• CONCEPT PLAN: the output of the first stage

activities in the preparation of a development

plan. It consists of an overall growth pattern,

strategy, sectoral policies and population and

employment target and forecasts.

• CONSULTATION: is the process of obtaining

technical advise or opinion which may be or may

not be followed. That’s why we have experts in

all fields of endeavor acting as consultants.

COMMON DEFINITIONS

• LOCAL PLANS: are the outputs of the second stage activities in the preparation of a development plan. The plan consists of action area plans, district plans, sectoral programs, and finally projects for implementation.

• DEVELOPMENT PLAN: is a series of written statements accompanied by maps, illustrations and diagrams which describe what the community wants to become and how it wants to develop. It is essentially composed of community goals, objectives, policies, programs and a land use/physical development plan which translates the various sectoral plans.

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URBAN and REGIONAL PLANNING

DIFFERS FROM OTHER FORMS OF PLANNING IN

SEVERAL IMPORTANT ASPECTS:

1. It is concerned primarily with public issues involving a broadly defined group of clients with diverse interests;

2. It is a deliberate, self-conscious activity that usually involves persons trained professionally as planners;

3. Its goals and objectives, as well as the means of achieving them, are often highly uncertain;

4. Urban and regional planners themselves seldom make decisions; rather they lay out major alternatives and recommendations for those elected or appointed to make such decisions;

5. Urban and regional planners employ a variety of specialized tools and methods in analyzing and presenting alternatives;

6. The results of most planning activities are discernible only 5 to 20 years after the decision has been made, making feedback and corrective measures difficult.

LEVELS OF PLANNING:

National, Regional, and Local Planning

• AREAS OF PLANNING

National City/Municipal

Regional District

Sub-Regional Barangay

Provincial Subdivision

Metropolitan Campus

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LEVELS OF PLANNING:

National, Regional, and Local Planning

• SECTORS OF PLANNING Tourism Infrastructure Industry Social Residential/Housing Agriculture Economic Transport Land Use Communications Physical Utilities Land Resource Education Environmental Social Welfare Natural Resources Administrative Manpower Health Fiscal

LEVELS OF PLANNING:

National, Regional, and Local Planning

• SCOPE OF PLANNING/COVERAGE

Perspective Structure Integrated

Development

Concept Framework Comprehensive

Detailed

• TIME/DURATION OF PLAN

Short Term 1 year

Medium Term 5 years

Long Range 10 years and above

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ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING as a PROFESSION

ACADEME

PRIVATE

SECTOR

GOVERNMENT

ENVIRON-

MENTAL

PLANNING

PIEP

PRC

BOARD OF

EP

PROGRAM

PROJECT

IMPLEMEN-

TATION

EDUCATION

PRIVATE PRACTICE

REGULATION

OF

PROFESSION

ACADEME

develop curriculum

develop linkages bet.

disciplines

train environmental

planners

policy making

GOVERNMENT

link EP to socio-econ. plans

spatial implications of socio-

cultural-economic policies

update implementation of

planning laws

implement PD 1308

PIEP and PRC

implement PD 1308

monitor educational

activities

monitor professional

practice

administer relevant

exams

PRIVATE SECTOR

complement

government efforts

set example for best

practice

comply with PD 1308

cooperate with

NGO’s

FRAMEWORK OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP

among the

THREE ACTORS IN GOVERNANCE

GOVERNMENT ~ creates a conducive political and legal environment

BUSINESS SECTOR ~ generates values, jobs and income

CIVIL SOCIETY ~ facilitates political and social interaction mobilizing groups to participate in economic, social, political activities

PRODUCTIVE SECTOR ~ is the term used to describe the objective of what an effective governance wants to attain

CIVIL SOCIETY

GOVERNMENT

BUSINESSSECTOR

PROD. SECTOR

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POLICY PLANNING and COMPREHENSIVE

PLANNING

They differ in the following respects:

SCOPE: Policy planning is directed at a particular issue, whereas comprehensive planning considers all aspects of a system

simultaneously, whether or not any specific problem or opportunity relating to that aspect has been identified. Comprehensive Transport

Plan considers (usage, costs, facilities, pollution, population, employment, land uses, travel patterns, etc.) while a Policy Plan

focuses on a specific issue, such as the regulation of taxicabs at the airport.

PRODUCT: Comprehensive planners usually develop a plan. The product of policy planning include memoranda, position papers, draft

legislations, and even letters or phone calls.

POLICY PLANNING and COMPREHENSIVE

PLANNING

…..They differ in the following respects:

CLIENT: The client of traditional comprehensive planning is the public interest; planners guess at the joint preferences and opinions

of this mythical client and interpret these opinions as they see fit. The client of policy planning is very real. A mayor, department secretary, a vice president of a company, a director or whoever commissioned

the analysis.

POLITICS: Traditional comprehensive planning embraces an apolitical approach to the process of implementation; policy planning maybe very political. Government planning uses both while private

clients will only be interested in policy planning.

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ROSTOW’s FIVE STAGES OF GROWTH

I. TRADITIONAL SOCIETY. One whose structure is

developed within limited production functions,

where economy is characterized by a low level of

savings.

II. PRE-CONDITIONS FOR TAKE-OFF. Period of

transition between the traditional society and take-

off when the pre-conditions for an increase in

output are developed. There are changes in

attitudes and values brought about by internal and

external change.

III. TAKE-OFF PERIOD. Start of self-sustaining

growth, the rate of I increases as a fraction of

output as new industries expand and profits are

reinvested.

ROSTOW’s FIVE STAGES OF GROWTH

IV. THE DRIVE TO MATURITY. The stage where

techniques in production improve, new industries

accelerate, and the economy takes its place in the

international trading community. It demonstrates

its capacity to move beyond take-off.

V. THE AGE OF HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION. The

stage where real per capita income increases

such that more people have a command over

consumptions; welfare considerations emerge and

the services sector becomes the dominant sector.

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THE VICIOUS CYCLE OF POVERTY

LOW CAPITAL FORMATION

LOW INVESTMENTS

LOW PRODUCTION

LOW INCOMES

LOW SAVINGS

EKISTICS = Study of Human Settlements (Constantino Doxiadis, Greek Planner)

MAN and His Environment MAN Biological Needs Emotional Needs Moral Values Five Senses NATURE Geological resources Topographic resources Soil resources Water resources Plant life Animal life Climate Air, Sun, Rain

SOCIETY Population Social classes Cultural patterns Economic Dev’t Education Health and Welfare Law and Adm.

SHELL Housing Community Services Shopping Centers Recreational Facilities Civic & Business Center Industry Transportation Centers

NETWORK Water Supply System Sewerage and Drainage Power Supply System Physical layout Transportation System Communication System

NATURE

NETWORK SOCIETY

SHELL

MAN

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EKISTIC UNITS

Balance between the elements of human settlements as a goal

for EKISTICS, we are dealing by necessity with:

Nature, which is being spoilt

Man, who is continuously changing

Society, which is changing because of man’s new needs

Shells, which must be constructed

Networks, which are also changing to cope up with new demands

MICRO-SPACE MAN ARCHITECTURAL ROOM SPACE DWELLING DWELLING GROUP SITE PLANNING SMALL NEIGBORHOOD SUBDIVISION PLANNING DISTRICT

MIDDLE SCALE SMALL TOWN TOWN PLANNING TOWN CITY PLANNING LARGE CITY URBAN PLANNING

MACRO-SCALE METROPOLIS REGIONAL PLANNING CONURBATION METROPOLITAN PLANNING MEGALOPOLIS TERRESTRIAL PLANNING URBAN REGION NATIONAL PLANNING URBAN CONTINENT ECUMENOPOLIS

EVOLUTION OF SETTLEMENTS

1) Primitive non-organized human settlements: Evolution of man

2) Primitive organized settlements: Eopolis (Villages) 10,000 yrs.

3) Static urban settlements or cities: Polis 5,000-6,000 yrs.

4) Dynamic urban settlements: Dynapolis 200-400 yrs.

5) Universal City: Ecumenopolis which is now beginning

EKISTICS

TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES

CULTURAL DISCIPLINES

ECONOMICS

SOCIAL SCIENCES

POLITICAL SCIENCE and ADMINISTRATION

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Thank You!

• Environmental Planning

• Prof. Roque Arrieta-Magno – 0918 9043316

– 0917 5529380

– popoymagno@yahoo.com