ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESISSUES

WORLD WITHOUT BORDERSWORLD WITHOUT BORDERS

Global Environmental Global Environmental Problems Problems

• Deforestation & Rain Forest Deforestation & Rain Forest DestructionDestruction

• DesertificationDesertification• Rapid Population GrowthRapid Population Growth• Food Production and Equitable Food Production and Equitable

DistributionDistribution• Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion• Air PollutionAir Pollution

Global Environmental Global Environmental ProblemsProblems

• Global WarmingGlobal Warming• Depletion of the Atmospheric OzoneDepletion of the Atmospheric Ozone• Acid Precipitation and Air PollutionAcid Precipitation and Air Pollution• Ocean Pollution, Water Pollution Ocean Pollution, Water Pollution • Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste• SmogSmog

Characteristics of Global Characteristics of Global Environmental ProblemsEnvironmental Problems

• Use of common pool resources - Use of common pool resources - air, water, ocean and forests air, water, ocean and forests

• Human and environmental impacts Human and environmental impacts of the problems transcend the of the problems transcend the borders borders

• International Environmental International Environmental Problems require international Problems require international Cooperation to resolve themCooperation to resolve them

Factors Responsible for the Factors Responsible for the rise of rise of Global Global

Environmental ProblemsEnvironmental Problems• Multiplication and Deepening of Multiplication and Deepening of

Environmental ProblemsEnvironmental Problems • Improvement in Scientific ResearchImprovement in Scientific Research • Effective Dissemination of Information about Effective Dissemination of Information about

Environmental DisastersEnvironmental Disasters • Rise and Establishment of Grassroots Rise and Establishment of Grassroots

Environmental OrganizationsEnvironmental Organizations • Rise of National and International Rise of National and International

Environmental Political (Green) OrganizationsEnvironmental Political (Green) Organizations • Awareness about Relationships between Awareness about Relationships between

Economic Activity and the EnvironmentEconomic Activity and the Environment • International Environmental ConferencesInternational Environmental Conferences

International efforts at International efforts at environmental managementenvironmental management • 1972 Stockholm Conference1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human on the Human

Environment Environment – established UNEP. – established UNEP.

-The -The ConferenceConference was the first of a series of world environmental was the first of a series of world environmental conferences.conferences.

- One of the key issues addressed was the use of CFCs, which - One of the key issues addressed was the use of CFCs, which seemed to be responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer.seemed to be responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer.

- Global warming was mentioned- Global warming was mentioned

• 1992 Rio Conference on the Environment1992 Rio Conference on the Environment -- -- Rio Rio Declaration Declaration -- informally known as the -- informally known as the EarthEarth SummitSummit. The Rio Declaration consisted 27 principles . The Rio Declaration consisted 27 principles intended to guide future intended to guide future sustainablesustainable developmentdevelopment around the world.around the world.

• 2002 Johannesburg Conference on the 2002 Johannesburg Conference on the EnvironmentEnvironment The The World Summit on Sustainable World Summit on Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment, , Earth Summit 2002Earth Summit 2002 took place in took place in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was convened to Johannesburg, South Africa. It was convened to discuss sustainable development by the United discuss sustainable development by the United Nations. WSSD gathered a number of leaders from Nations. WSSD gathered a number of leaders from business and non-governmental organizations, 10 business and non-governmental organizations, 10 years after the first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. (It years after the first Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. (It was therefore also informally nicknamed "Rio+10".)was therefore also informally nicknamed "Rio+10".)

• 20052005 The The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeFramework Convention on Climate Change is an is an amendment to the international treaty on climate amendment to the international treaty on climate change, assigning mandatory targets for the reduction change, assigning mandatory targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to signatory nations.of greenhouse gas emissions to signatory nations.