Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues

WATERWATERIs one of our most Is one of our most precious precious RESOURCESRESOURCES

The water cycleThe water cycle the amount of water on the amount of water on

and around this planet is and around this planet is fairly constantfairly constant

availability of water is not availability of water is not as constantas constant

WaterWater 97% is in oceans97% is in oceans 2% is freshwater2% is freshwater 1% is frozen in glaciers 1% is frozen in glaciers and icecapsand icecaps

The water cycleThe water cycle water is continuously water is continuously

moving from place to placemoving from place to place the water cycle is called the water cycle is called

the hydrologic cyclethe hydrologic cycle

The water cycleThe water cycle powered by solar energypowered by solar energy heats the water causing it heats the water causing it

to rise into the atmosphereto rise into the atmosphere called evaporationcalled evaporation

The water cycleThe water cycle if the oceans were not if the oceans were not

recharged, their water recharged, their water level would decrease over level would decrease over 40 inches per year40 inches per year

The water cycleThe water cycle rainwater accounts for only rainwater accounts for only

1% of the total water 1% of the total water supplysupply

rain is vital in keeping the rain is vital in keeping the water balance on earthwater balance on earth

WATER CYCLEWATER CYCLE

WATER IN ATMOSPHERE

PRECIPITATION EVAPORATION

WATER /ICE

Three zonesThree zones1.1. SurfaceSurface

1.1. dry soil accepts water until dry soil accepts water until saturatedsaturated

2.2. Zone of aerationZone of aeration1.1. empty spaces filled with air, empty spaces filled with air,

extends from the deepest roots extends from the deepest roots to just above the water tableto just above the water table

Three zonesThree zones3.3. Groundwater zoneGroundwater zone

1.1. below zone of aerationbelow zone of aeration

2.2. water saturated rocks called water saturated rocks called aquifersaquifers

3.3. can equal about 100 years can equal about 100 years of surface runoff volumeof surface runoff volume

IndustryIndustry uses more water than any uses more water than any

other raw material other raw material only a small part of the water only a small part of the water

is actually consumedis actually consumed used as a medium for other used as a medium for other

processesprocesses

IndustryIndustry CanningCanning

water is used to clean product water is used to clean product and the containersand the containers

Cool ovensCool ovens Boil the product Boil the product Wash away wastesWash away wastes

IndustryIndustry may become part of the may become part of the

productproduct most water is recycled or most water is recycled or

returned to the natural water returned to the natural water cycle in a drainage ditch or cycle in a drainage ditch or streamstream

IndustryIndustry paper is made in waterpaper is made in water industry draws about 40 industry draws about 40

billion gallons of water per billion gallons of water per dayday

water supply - major factor in water supply - major factor in location of industrylocation of industry

IndustryIndustry strong pollution control strong pollution control

methods to recycle water methods to recycle water rather than draw from an rather than draw from an outside sourceoutside source

Hydroelectric plantsHydroelectric plants major use of watermajor use of water US leads the world in US leads the world in

hydroelectric powerhydroelectric power supplies only a small portion supplies only a small portion

of our needsof our needs

Hydroelectric PlantsHydroelectric Plants concern is with damming of concern is with damming of

riversrivers fish runs are interruptedfish runs are interrupted habitat is changedhabitat is changed puts wildlife in dangerputs wildlife in danger

Fish and WildlifeFish and Wildlife the way water is handled the way water is handled

affects the fish in the water affects the fish in the water and the wildlife around the and the wildlife around the waterwater

Fish and WildlifeFish and Wildlife land wildlife, inland birds, land wildlife, inland birds,

waterfowlwaterfowl different species require different species require

different types of waterdifferent types of water

Fish and WildlifeFish and Wildlife some fish prosper in cold some fish prosper in cold

mountain streamsmountain streams some may prefer fast some may prefer fast

running rapidsrunning rapids

RecreationRecreation boating, water skiing, fishing, boating, water skiing, fishing,

sailing and swimmingsailing and swimming Swimming poolsSwimming pools

require a lot of water to keep them require a lot of water to keep them in compliance with health in compliance with health regulations.regulations.

RecreationRecreation Frozen water activitiesFrozen water activities

•ice skatingice skating•hockeyhockey•snowboardingsnowboarding•skiingskiing

Domestic UsesDomestic Uses cookingcooking baths or showersbaths or showers carry away wastescarry away wastes Each American uses more Each American uses more

water than any other person water than any other person in the worldin the world

Domestic UsesDomestic Uses In the US each person uses In the US each person uses

approximately 150 gallons of approximately 150 gallons of water per daywater per day

BathBath•3-40 gallons3-40 gallons

ShowerShower•5 gallons per minute5 gallons per minute

Domestic UsesDomestic Uses Wash clothesWash clothes

30 gallons 30 gallons flush the toiletflush the toilet

3 gallons3 gallons Water the lawn and garden, Water the lawn and garden,

wash carswash cars Fire protectionFire protection

UseUse How wasteful can we be How wasteful can we be

and still have enough and still have enough clean water to survive?clean water to survive?

PollutionPollution

The presence of a The presence of a SUBSTANCESUBSTANCE in water, in water, air, or soil that makes air, or soil that makes them them OFFENSIVEOFFENSIVE to to humans.humans.

WaterWaterWater that is suitable Water that is suitable for for DRINKINGDRINKING is is referred to as referred to as POTABLEPOTABLE water water

Sources of PollutionSources of Pollution

Oil ProductsOil Products Soil ErosionSoil Erosion Animal and Human WasteAnimal and Human Waste Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, Chemical fertilizers, pesticides,

and herbicidesand herbicides High temperature water High temperature water

dischargedischarge

EutrophicationEutrophication

An increase in the An increase in the amount of amount of NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS in an environmentin an environment

NutrientsNutrientsNutrients in water are Nutrients in water are expressed in terms of expressed in terms of PARTS PER PARTS PER MILLIONS (PPM)MILLIONS (PPM)

NitratesNitratesNitrates are a Nitrates are a common source of common source of POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Sources of NitratesSources of Nitrates

Animal WasteAnimal Waste Human WasteHuman Waste Chemical fertilizersChemical fertilizers Dead and decaying Dead and decaying

organismsorganisms

EutrophicationEutrophicationOne of the first One of the first INDICATIONSINDICATIONS of of eutrophication in eutrophication in water is the presence water is the presence of of ALGAEALGAE

EutrophicationEutrophicationAlso known as Also known as POND POND SCUMSCUM

Waste ControlWaste Control

Sewage Treatment Sewage Treatment PlantsPlants

Septic TanksSeptic TanksWaste LagoonsWaste Lagoons

Sewage Treatment PlantsSewage Treatment Plants

Larger towns and citiesLarger towns and cities Treat waste water to remove Treat waste water to remove

B.O.D.B.O.D. Use Oxygenation, Chlorine, & Use Oxygenation, Chlorine, &

UV LightUV Light Tremonton, Brigham CityTremonton, Brigham City

Septic TanksSeptic Tanks

Used in rural areasUsed in rural areas Settling tank and Drain Settling tank and Drain FieldField

Will not work if area is Will not work if area is densely populateddensely populated

Waste LagoonsWaste Lagoons

Used in dairies, feed lots, and Used in dairies, feed lots, and some towns and citiessome towns and cities

Logan and PerryLogan and Perry Animal waste is stored in a Animal waste is stored in a

settling pondsettling pond where it is where it is decomposed by anaerobic decomposed by anaerobic bacteriabacteria

Water PollutionWater Pollution

Occurs in both Occurs in both groundwatergroundwater and in and in surface watersurface water

Ground waterGround water

Water storedWater stored in in underground lakes underground lakes called called aquifersaquifers

Surface WaterSurface Water

Water is Water is absorbedabsorbed by the soil as it flows by the soil as it flows into the aquifersinto the aquifers

Non-Point Source PollutionNon-Point Source Pollution

Pollution that Pollution that originates from many originates from many sourcessources

Point source pollutionPoint source pollution

Pollution that results Pollution that results from a single sourcefrom a single source

ErosionErosion

Our largest Our largest environmental environmental problemproblem

Wasting away of soil Wasting away of soil by wind or waterby wind or water

Two main problems of erosionTwo main problems of erosion

The loss of TopsoilThe loss of TopsoilThe pollution of water The pollution of water by the erosion of soilby the erosion of soil

Soil Erosion DamageSoil Erosion Damage

Loss of topsoilLoss of topsoil Pollution of rivers and streamsPollution of rivers and streams Kills fish and plantsKills fish and plants

Soil Conservation ServiceSoil Conservation Service

An agency organized to An agency organized to help prevent the loss of help prevent the loss of topsoil and to stop topsoil and to stop erosion caused by the erosion caused by the washing away of soilwashing away of soil..

Examples of soil conservation Examples of soil conservation practicespractices

WindbreaksWindbreaks TerracingTerracing Crop rotation (summer fallow)Crop rotation (summer fallow) Contour plowingContour plowing No-till and minimum till plantingNo-till and minimum till planting

WetlandsWetlands

A piece of land that A piece of land that stays underwater for stays underwater for most of the yearmost of the year

Wetlands provide several rolesWetlands provide several roles

HabitatHabitat Filtering of waterFiltering of water Water storageWater storage Flood preventionFlood prevention

EPA RegulationsEPA Regulations

Restrict useRestrict use Incentives to preserve Incentives to preserve

wetlandswetlands Permit must be obtained Permit must be obtained

before land can be before land can be disturbeddisturbed