ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING IN EUROPE

Green Certificates and Industry

Gabriella Chiellino Venice International University

2

Environmental European and Italian legislation

Italian legislation

The basic in the Italian Legal System with regard

to protection of environment is the Environment Law

DLgs 1522006 ssmmiiPURPOSE

Law is to protect and improve environment to ensure

optimum and efficient use of lands and natural resources and protection thereof to prevent water soil and air

pollution and to protect flora fauna and historical wealth of

the country

3

Environmental European and Italian legislation

European legislation

Nature protection

BirdsDirective

Habitats Directive

IntegratedCoastal Zone Management

Water qualityand Dredging

Water Framework Directive

EuropeanMarine Strategy

Wastemanagement

EuropeanWasteDirective

Directive on Port Reception

Air Quality

Sulphur Directiveuse of fuel with low sulphur level

Air Quality Directivenew standards for PM 25 amp PM 10

Recommendation on Shore Side Electricity

Directive 200060CE Water Framework

Directive (WFD) - 23102000

IPP

C D

irecti

ve

966

1E

C

Directive 200076EC -4122000

Incineration 89369 amp 429 (MW) 9467 (HW) Replaced by

200076EC

Landfill 9931EC

Sewage Dir 86278EEC

Packaging Waste Dir 9462EC

PCBs Dir9659EC

RAEE Dir200295EC

1 Voluntary environmental auditinga) Process control (EMS EMAS-ISO 14001-CFC) b) Product control (Ecolabel)

2 Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

a) Statistics of EMS implementation b) Initial Environmental Review

b) Environmental Statement c) Validation and Registration

a) Advantages of introducing EMAS3 CFC

4 Ecolabel and EDP

5 LCA Life Cycle Assessment

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

Process control

Product control

ISO 14001

EMAS CFC Ecolabel

EDP

what

how

The voluntary audit observes TWO different areas

of environmental impact management

Control companies have regarding the performance of

their products and their impacts on the environment

(Life cycle Assessment)

Companies implement their own environmental

management system

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Volu

nta

ry E

nvir

on

men

tal

Au

dit

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

a systematic way of managing immediate and long-term impacts of an organisationrsquos services processes and products on the environment

a way of maintaining order and consistency to address environmental concerns through

bull allocation of resources

bull assignment of responsibility

bull ongoing evaluation of practices procedures and processes

Pro

cess

con

trol

In Europe there are In Europe there are twotwo EMS EMS

EMAS

European Regulation

International Standard

ISO 14001

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

Iso 14001- EMAS Iso 14001- EMAS (EC regulation 76101)

ISO 14001

International model which has been used in Italy since 1996 as UNI EN ISO (UNI is

the Italian Standards Organisation)

This guideline shows its APPLICATION

Voluntary schemes for organisations willing to commit themselves

to evaluate and improve their environmental performance

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS

ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

Indicators Performance

ISO 14031

Audit

ISO 19011

Comunication

Next ISO 14063

EMAS (EC Reg7612001)

The scheme available to companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 183693) was originally restricted

to companies in industrial sectors

EMAS has been open to all economic sectors including public and private services since 2001 (Regulation (EC) No 7612001)

In addition EMAS was strengthened by the integration of ENISO 14001 as the environmental management

system required by EMAS

europaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentslegislative_enhtm

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

2

Environmental European and Italian legislation

Italian legislation

The basic in the Italian Legal System with regard

to protection of environment is the Environment Law

DLgs 1522006 ssmmiiPURPOSE

Law is to protect and improve environment to ensure

optimum and efficient use of lands and natural resources and protection thereof to prevent water soil and air

pollution and to protect flora fauna and historical wealth of

the country

3

Environmental European and Italian legislation

European legislation

Nature protection

BirdsDirective

Habitats Directive

IntegratedCoastal Zone Management

Water qualityand Dredging

Water Framework Directive

EuropeanMarine Strategy

Wastemanagement

EuropeanWasteDirective

Directive on Port Reception

Air Quality

Sulphur Directiveuse of fuel with low sulphur level

Air Quality Directivenew standards for PM 25 amp PM 10

Recommendation on Shore Side Electricity

Directive 200060CE Water Framework

Directive (WFD) - 23102000

IPP

C D

irecti

ve

966

1E

C

Directive 200076EC -4122000

Incineration 89369 amp 429 (MW) 9467 (HW) Replaced by

200076EC

Landfill 9931EC

Sewage Dir 86278EEC

Packaging Waste Dir 9462EC

PCBs Dir9659EC

RAEE Dir200295EC

1 Voluntary environmental auditinga) Process control (EMS EMAS-ISO 14001-CFC) b) Product control (Ecolabel)

2 Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

a) Statistics of EMS implementation b) Initial Environmental Review

b) Environmental Statement c) Validation and Registration

a) Advantages of introducing EMAS3 CFC

4 Ecolabel and EDP

5 LCA Life Cycle Assessment

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

Process control

Product control

ISO 14001

EMAS CFC Ecolabel

EDP

what

how

The voluntary audit observes TWO different areas

of environmental impact management

Control companies have regarding the performance of

their products and their impacts on the environment

(Life cycle Assessment)

Companies implement their own environmental

management system

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Volu

nta

ry E

nvir

on

men

tal

Au

dit

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

a systematic way of managing immediate and long-term impacts of an organisationrsquos services processes and products on the environment

a way of maintaining order and consistency to address environmental concerns through

bull allocation of resources

bull assignment of responsibility

bull ongoing evaluation of practices procedures and processes

Pro

cess

con

trol

In Europe there are In Europe there are twotwo EMS EMS

EMAS

European Regulation

International Standard

ISO 14001

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

Iso 14001- EMAS Iso 14001- EMAS (EC regulation 76101)

ISO 14001

International model which has been used in Italy since 1996 as UNI EN ISO (UNI is

the Italian Standards Organisation)

This guideline shows its APPLICATION

Voluntary schemes for organisations willing to commit themselves

to evaluate and improve their environmental performance

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS

ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

Indicators Performance

ISO 14031

Audit

ISO 19011

Comunication

Next ISO 14063

EMAS (EC Reg7612001)

The scheme available to companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 183693) was originally restricted

to companies in industrial sectors

EMAS has been open to all economic sectors including public and private services since 2001 (Regulation (EC) No 7612001)

In addition EMAS was strengthened by the integration of ENISO 14001 as the environmental management

system required by EMAS

europaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentslegislative_enhtm

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

3

Environmental European and Italian legislation

European legislation

Nature protection

BirdsDirective

Habitats Directive

IntegratedCoastal Zone Management

Water qualityand Dredging

Water Framework Directive

EuropeanMarine Strategy

Wastemanagement

EuropeanWasteDirective

Directive on Port Reception

Air Quality

Sulphur Directiveuse of fuel with low sulphur level

Air Quality Directivenew standards for PM 25 amp PM 10

Recommendation on Shore Side Electricity

Directive 200060CE Water Framework

Directive (WFD) - 23102000

IPP

C D

irecti

ve

966

1E

C

Directive 200076EC -4122000

Incineration 89369 amp 429 (MW) 9467 (HW) Replaced by

200076EC

Landfill 9931EC

Sewage Dir 86278EEC

Packaging Waste Dir 9462EC

PCBs Dir9659EC

RAEE Dir200295EC

1 Voluntary environmental auditinga) Process control (EMS EMAS-ISO 14001-CFC) b) Product control (Ecolabel)

2 Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

a) Statistics of EMS implementation b) Initial Environmental Review

b) Environmental Statement c) Validation and Registration

a) Advantages of introducing EMAS3 CFC

4 Ecolabel and EDP

5 LCA Life Cycle Assessment

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

Process control

Product control

ISO 14001

EMAS CFC Ecolabel

EDP

what

how

The voluntary audit observes TWO different areas

of environmental impact management

Control companies have regarding the performance of

their products and their impacts on the environment

(Life cycle Assessment)

Companies implement their own environmental

management system

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Volu

nta

ry E

nvir

on

men

tal

Au

dit

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

a systematic way of managing immediate and long-term impacts of an organisationrsquos services processes and products on the environment

a way of maintaining order and consistency to address environmental concerns through

bull allocation of resources

bull assignment of responsibility

bull ongoing evaluation of practices procedures and processes

Pro

cess

con

trol

In Europe there are In Europe there are twotwo EMS EMS

EMAS

European Regulation

International Standard

ISO 14001

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

Iso 14001- EMAS Iso 14001- EMAS (EC regulation 76101)

ISO 14001

International model which has been used in Italy since 1996 as UNI EN ISO (UNI is

the Italian Standards Organisation)

This guideline shows its APPLICATION

Voluntary schemes for organisations willing to commit themselves

to evaluate and improve their environmental performance

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS

ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

Indicators Performance

ISO 14031

Audit

ISO 19011

Comunication

Next ISO 14063

EMAS (EC Reg7612001)

The scheme available to companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 183693) was originally restricted

to companies in industrial sectors

EMAS has been open to all economic sectors including public and private services since 2001 (Regulation (EC) No 7612001)

In addition EMAS was strengthened by the integration of ENISO 14001 as the environmental management

system required by EMAS

europaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentslegislative_enhtm

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

1 Voluntary environmental auditinga) Process control (EMS EMAS-ISO 14001-CFC) b) Product control (Ecolabel)

2 Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

a) Statistics of EMS implementation b) Initial Environmental Review

b) Environmental Statement c) Validation and Registration

a) Advantages of introducing EMAS3 CFC

4 Ecolabel and EDP

5 LCA Life Cycle Assessment

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

Process control

Product control

ISO 14001

EMAS CFC Ecolabel

EDP

what

how

The voluntary audit observes TWO different areas

of environmental impact management

Control companies have regarding the performance of

their products and their impacts on the environment

(Life cycle Assessment)

Companies implement their own environmental

management system

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Volu

nta

ry E

nvir

on

men

tal

Au

dit

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

a systematic way of managing immediate and long-term impacts of an organisationrsquos services processes and products on the environment

a way of maintaining order and consistency to address environmental concerns through

bull allocation of resources

bull assignment of responsibility

bull ongoing evaluation of practices procedures and processes

Pro

cess

con

trol

In Europe there are In Europe there are twotwo EMS EMS

EMAS

European Regulation

International Standard

ISO 14001

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

Iso 14001- EMAS Iso 14001- EMAS (EC regulation 76101)

ISO 14001

International model which has been used in Italy since 1996 as UNI EN ISO (UNI is

the Italian Standards Organisation)

This guideline shows its APPLICATION

Voluntary schemes for organisations willing to commit themselves

to evaluate and improve their environmental performance

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS

ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

Indicators Performance

ISO 14031

Audit

ISO 19011

Comunication

Next ISO 14063

EMAS (EC Reg7612001)

The scheme available to companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 183693) was originally restricted

to companies in industrial sectors

EMAS has been open to all economic sectors including public and private services since 2001 (Regulation (EC) No 7612001)

In addition EMAS was strengthened by the integration of ENISO 14001 as the environmental management

system required by EMAS

europaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentslegislative_enhtm

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Process control

Product control

ISO 14001

EMAS CFC Ecolabel

EDP

what

how

The voluntary audit observes TWO different areas

of environmental impact management

Control companies have regarding the performance of

their products and their impacts on the environment

(Life cycle Assessment)

Companies implement their own environmental

management system

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Volu

nta

ry E

nvir

on

men

tal

Au

dit

Voluntary environmental auditing in Europe

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

a systematic way of managing immediate and long-term impacts of an organisationrsquos services processes and products on the environment

a way of maintaining order and consistency to address environmental concerns through

bull allocation of resources

bull assignment of responsibility

bull ongoing evaluation of practices procedures and processes

Pro

cess

con

trol

In Europe there are In Europe there are twotwo EMS EMS

EMAS

European Regulation

International Standard

ISO 14001

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

Iso 14001- EMAS Iso 14001- EMAS (EC regulation 76101)

ISO 14001

International model which has been used in Italy since 1996 as UNI EN ISO (UNI is

the Italian Standards Organisation)

This guideline shows its APPLICATION

Voluntary schemes for organisations willing to commit themselves

to evaluate and improve their environmental performance

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS

ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

Indicators Performance

ISO 14031

Audit

ISO 19011

Comunication

Next ISO 14063

EMAS (EC Reg7612001)

The scheme available to companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 183693) was originally restricted

to companies in industrial sectors

EMAS has been open to all economic sectors including public and private services since 2001 (Regulation (EC) No 7612001)

In addition EMAS was strengthened by the integration of ENISO 14001 as the environmental management

system required by EMAS

europaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentslegislative_enhtm

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

a systematic way of managing immediate and long-term impacts of an organisationrsquos services processes and products on the environment

a way of maintaining order and consistency to address environmental concerns through

bull allocation of resources

bull assignment of responsibility

bull ongoing evaluation of practices procedures and processes

Pro

cess

con

trol

In Europe there are In Europe there are twotwo EMS EMS

EMAS

European Regulation

International Standard

ISO 14001

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

Iso 14001- EMAS Iso 14001- EMAS (EC regulation 76101)

ISO 14001

International model which has been used in Italy since 1996 as UNI EN ISO (UNI is

the Italian Standards Organisation)

This guideline shows its APPLICATION

Voluntary schemes for organisations willing to commit themselves

to evaluate and improve their environmental performance

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS

ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

Indicators Performance

ISO 14031

Audit

ISO 19011

Comunication

Next ISO 14063

EMAS (EC Reg7612001)

The scheme available to companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 183693) was originally restricted

to companies in industrial sectors

EMAS has been open to all economic sectors including public and private services since 2001 (Regulation (EC) No 7612001)

In addition EMAS was strengthened by the integration of ENISO 14001 as the environmental management

system required by EMAS

europaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentslegislative_enhtm

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

In Europe there are In Europe there are twotwo EMS EMS

EMAS

European Regulation

International Standard

ISO 14001

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

Iso 14001- EMAS Iso 14001- EMAS (EC regulation 76101)

ISO 14001

International model which has been used in Italy since 1996 as UNI EN ISO (UNI is

the Italian Standards Organisation)

This guideline shows its APPLICATION

Voluntary schemes for organisations willing to commit themselves

to evaluate and improve their environmental performance

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS

ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

Indicators Performance

ISO 14031

Audit

ISO 19011

Comunication

Next ISO 14063

EMAS (EC Reg7612001)

The scheme available to companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 183693) was originally restricted

to companies in industrial sectors

EMAS has been open to all economic sectors including public and private services since 2001 (Regulation (EC) No 7612001)

In addition EMAS was strengthened by the integration of ENISO 14001 as the environmental management

system required by EMAS

europaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentslegislative_enhtm

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Iso 14001- EMAS Iso 14001- EMAS (EC regulation 76101)

ISO 14001

International model which has been used in Italy since 1996 as UNI EN ISO (UNI is

the Italian Standards Organisation)

This guideline shows its APPLICATION

Voluntary schemes for organisations willing to commit themselves

to evaluate and improve their environmental performance

Pro

cess

con

trol

EMS

ISO 14001 and ISO 14004

Indicators Performance

ISO 14031

Audit

ISO 19011

Comunication

Next ISO 14063

EMAS (EC Reg7612001)

The scheme available to companies since 1995 (Council Regulation (EEC) No 183693) was originally restricted

to companies in industrial sectors

EMAS has been open to all economic sectors including public and private services since 2001 (Regulation (EC) No 7612001)

In addition EMAS was strengthened by the integration of ENISO 14001 as the environmental management

system required by EMAS

europaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentslegislative_enhtm

EMS ldquoEnvironmental Management Systemrdquo

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

bull Siteall land at a distinct geographic location under management control of an organisation covering activities products and services This includes all infrastructure equipment and materials

EMAS in Europe organisations and sites as of 1572004

Statistics of EMS implementation

bull Organisationa company corporation firm enterprise authority or institution or part or combination thereof whether incorporated or not public or private that has its own functions and administrations

Source httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentsarticles_enhtm

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

EMAS in ItalyItalyrsquos most

important EMAS registered

organisations

Source httpwwwapatgovitcertificazionisite_filesEMASGrafici2_GraficiElaborazione310305pdf

Statistics of EMS implementation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

no organisations

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

year

14001 in Italy

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

noorganisations

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

Growth from 1998 to 2003

(no of organisations

per year)

ISO 14001 CHINA

Statistics of EMS implementation

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Source the ISO Survey of ISO 90012000 and ISO 14001 certificates 2003

YEAR 2003

4 Statistics of EMS implementation

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

EMAS

ISO 1400

1

EMAS is strengthened by the integration of EN ISO 14001 as the environmental management system required by EMAS

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

The environmental review EMS audit procedure and the environmental statement must be approved by an accredited EMAS verifier and the validated statement needs to be sent to the EMAS Competent Body for registration and made publicly available before an organisation can use the EMAS logo

Validation and RegistrationValidation and Registration

The Eco-audit Eco-Label Committee for EMAS is a body of the Member State of EC

nominated by the government The organisations that have this registered document are in the Official European

Register

wwweuropaeuintcommenvironmentemas

For Registration

EPA is the agency that

works with the Italian EMAS Committee that checks

the environmental data and legal

compliance declared in the Environmental

Statement

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

EMASAudit

Registration

First Certification

ISO 14001 Environmental

AuditValidate Environmental

Statement

EMAS Committe

e

Certification Organisatio

n

(eg DNV BVQI

certiqualityhellip)

Emas Verifier

Italian EPA

Environmental Protection

Agency (APAT)

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE EMASUP TO DATE Environmental Statements

0 1Ideg

03IIIdeg

2IIdeg

The certification or validation lasts for 3 YEARS During the 3 years there are 2 or 3 Periodic Maintenance checks by the

Committee The certification needs to be renewed every 3 years

VA

LID

ATIO

N A

ND

V

ALID

ATIO

N A

ND

R

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NR

EG

ISTR

ATIO

NEnvironmental

Statement

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

EMAS

APAT National Environmental Agency (public)

FIRMS SCHEDULED CONTROLS every 3 years

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg emissions limits waste disposalhellip)

Authorisations given by governmental organisations (Provinces Regions State)

FIRMS must respect the law and obtain the necessaries authorisations RANDOM CONTROLS

Controls by ARPA (Regional Environmental Agencies) NOE (Emergencies Management) GUARDIA DI FINANZA (financial controls) etc

EMAS accredited VERIFIER(private) In Italy 10 (eg DNV Certiquality BVQIhellip)

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee 14 members (representatives of Environment Industry Health and Treasury Ministries)

EMAS section 7 members

approves technical support

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Activities organisations have direct control over (eg Industrial

companies)(a) emissions to air (b) releases to water (c) Waste management particularly hazardous wastes (d) use and contamination of land (e) use of natural resources amp raw materials (f) local issues(g) transport issues (h) risks of environmental accidents

(i) effects on biodiversity

DIRECT annex VI

Activities over which organisation can be expected to have an influence (eg public administration organisations

banks etc)

INDIRECT annex VI

(a) product related issues (b) capital investments granting loans and insurance services (c) new markets (d) choice and composition of services (e) administrative amp planning decisions (f) product range compositions (g) the environmental performance and practices of contractors subcontractors and suppliers

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

IER

En

vir

on

men

tal

Asp

ects

Asp

ects

Implementing environmental auditing EMAS

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Criteria for assessing the significance of an

organisationrsquos environmental aspects(a) information about the activities products and services of

the organisation that may have an environmental impact

(b) the organisationrsquos existing data on material and energy inputs discharges wastes and emissions in terms of risk

(c) views of interested parties (public citizens etc)

(d) the regulated environmental activities of the organisation (legal compliance)

(e) procurement activities

(f) design development manufacturing distribution servicing use re-use recycling and disposal of the organisationrsquos products

(g) those activities of the organisation with the most significant environmental costs and environmental benefits

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

Init

ial en

vir

on

men

tal

revie

wre

vie

wImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Environmental management system Environmental management system annex Iannex I

Deming cycle continual improvement

What is PLANbullEnvironmental aspects The organisation identifies the environmental aspects of its activities products or servicesbullLegal and other requirementsbullObjectives and targetsbullEnvironmental management programme(s)

What is DO a) Structure and responsibility b) Training awareness and competence c) Communication d) Environmental management system documentation e) Operational control f)Emergency preparedness and response

What is CHECKInternal audits ensure that the activities carried out by an organisation are being

conducted in accordance with established procedures The audit may also identify any problems with those established procedures or any

opportunities for improving those procedures

bullACT The organisationrsquos top management reviews the environmental management system to ensure its continuing suitability adequacy and effectiveness

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Sets the environmental aims and the future steps needed to improve the organisationrsquos

environmental performance

PLANEnvironmental PLANEnvironmental programmeprogramme

ISSUES

OBJECTIVE

TARGET

ACTIVITIES

TIME-

FRAME

Materials ndash

use of materials

Reduction of the environmental impact through

the use of materials by 20

Incorporate

environmental guidelines into

purchasing policy

end 200x

Solvents and

volatile organic

compounds (VOCs)

Emissions of solvents and

VOCs

Reduction of

solvent emission to annual average

levels below53 gm2 (solids)

56 gm2 (metallics)

Introduction of new paintshop

operations

mid 200x

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Monitoring and Measurement Check-audit

Assessing how well the system is working

How do you know how you are doing

An EMS without an effective monitoring and measurement program is like driving at night without the headlights on

You know that you are moving but you canrsquot tell where you are goingEnvironmental indicators

En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t En

vir

on

men

tal M

an

ag

men

t S

yste

mS

yste

mImplementing environmental auditing EMAS

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Guidance on the EMAS environmental statement(guideline n4)

httpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtmhttpeuropaeuintcommenvironmentemasdocumentshtm

The data generated by an environmental management system will be used in a number of different ways to show the environmental performance of an organisation

For this purpose organisations may use relevant existing environmental performance indicators

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEN

VIR

ON

MEN

TA

L S

TA

TEM

EN

TEnvironmental

Statement

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Here are some of the requirements specified in Annex III point 32

To give a clear understanding of the organisation and its activities products and services

INTENT

bull maps and diagramsbull annotated aerial photographsbull flow diagramsbull classification (ie the NACE code) of the organisationbull name of contact person (if applicable)

GOOD PRACTICE

Environmental Statement

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

relate the environmental impacts of the organisationrsquos activities to the inputs and outputs of its operations in an lsquoenvironmental balance sheetrsquo

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

To present data on the environmental performance of the organisation and its progress in achieving its objectives and targets Also to show how the organisationrsquos environmental performance is changing over time

INTENT

Emission of CO2 in relation to targets and legal provisions

EXAMPLE

Environmental Statement

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

EMAS

FIRM

OBLIGATORY CONTROLS

National and Regional laws (eg min of recycling disposal of dangerous and not dangerous waste)

ARPA (compliance with national and regional legal standards) Town Administration (local authorisations)hellip

ExampleWAST

E

Ecoaudit-Ecolabel Committee

APAT National Environmental Agency

EMAS section

EMAS accredited VERIFIER

eg DNVVerifies through analysis in situ the compliance with legal standards (eg concentration documentation authorisationshellip)

Check waste management legal updatehellip(eg MUD should indicate all produced wastes divided into given categories)

When uncertain

FIRM

When the firm asks

for certification

and thereafter

every 3 years

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

bull Cost Reduction Identifying the areas where economic efficiency can be increased

bull Environmental Legislation Compliance Legislative compliance is maintained and made simple due to the varied controls

bull Funding and Insurance Tax and insurance policies for environmental dammage are defined according to the risk of each individual businessorganisation

bull Market opportunity Is an advantage in a eco-compatible market that is constantly expanding

bull Client demand

bull Good Business Image

ADVANTAGES OF INTRODUCING EMAS

7 Conclusion

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

FSC was established to

promoteenvironmentally

appropriatesocially beneficial andeconomically viablemanagement of the

worldsforests

Forest Stewardship Council7 Conclusion

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

cta

ITALIA

Enviromental

Economic

Social

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

FSC global fundation global impact

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Ten largest FSC certificates

FSC global fundation global impact

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

FSC

1- ENVIRONMENTALLY APPROPRIATE ndash The harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the long-term ecology biodiversity and productivity

2- SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL ndash Local communities have a say Aboriginal and traditional rights are respected workers are properly training and society enjoys long-term benefits

3- ECONOMICALLY VIABLE ndash Forest management that both ensures and is the result of sound financial management

Why FSC 7 Conclusion

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

STANDARDSbull Supported by SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC stakeholdersbull Compatible with international normsbull Widely recognized and internationally accepted

ACCREDITATION amp CERTIFICATIONbull Standards and certification bodies are independently accredited

MARKETPLACE TRUSTbull A brand that symbolizes responsibly managed forests

FSCrsquos Value proposition7 Conclusion

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

1 Compliance with Laws and FSC Principles2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities3 Indigenous Peoples Rights4 Community Relations and Workers Rights5 Benefits from the Forest6 Environmental Impact7 Management Plan8 Monitoring and Assessment9 Maintenance of High Conservation ValueForests10 Plantations

FM certification 10 Principles7 Conclusion

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

How does FSC certification work

1048633 Tracking from forest to final product

1048633 Independent third-party auditing

1048633 Certification code ndash eg SW-COC-002359

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

ECO-LABELLING SCHEME

applies more specifically to the environmental

characteristics of single products and

services

The life-cycle approach is applied to assess

the ldquobirth to deathrdquo of the product and its

environmental impact at every stage

Eco-LABEL Products

Ecolabel (Unione Europea)

Product control

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

What is LCALife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects of products technologies and activities from various points in their life cycle

Its life cycle stages includes

1 Manufacturing (raw material acquisition through production)

2 In-Use (operation of investigated objects)

3 Transport of products

4 End-of-life (recyclingdisposal)

It is also called lsquocradle-to-graversquo analysis

Phases of LCA

(ISO 14040)

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Life cycle of fuel cells

LCA

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

In this phase the following points have to

be addressed or defined1 the purpose of the study and its intended

application 2 the boundaries data sources

assumptions and limitations of the study3 the criteria for selecting input and output

flows or processes4 Definition of a ldquoFunctional unitrdquo which

becomes the reference object of the study

5 data quality requirement for instance time-related and geographical coverage the consistency representativity and uncertainty of the data and the critical review procedure

Goal and Scope Definition7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

The potential impacts of the inputs and outputs of the inventory analysis are determined in this phase

Major impact categories are1 Global warming potential or Greenhouse effect2 Stratospheric ozone depletion3 Acid rain or acidification4 Photochemical oxidation5 Eutrophication

Impact Assessment (LCIA)7 Conclusion

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

1 It involves data collection and

calculation procedures to quantify relevant inputs and outputs

2 Input and output flows involve consumed or produced goods emissions waste streams etc

3 Data collection usually follows the process chain

Extraction conversion transport production use disposal

recycling

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

In this phase the study aims to identify and evaluate different options of reducing the environmental impact of the system

In order to check the data used in LCA the following analysis has to be carried out

1 Uncertainty analysis2 Perturbation analysis3 Comparative analysis

Inventory Analysis (LCI)7 Conclusion

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

LCA screening aimed at measuring the environmental impact of different Pepsi packaging

Case Study

Raw materials production

Package production

Filling operations

Distribution

Impact Impact Impact Impact

Minimise impacts through our energy water and packaging use by comparing CAN PET

GLAS BIB and STEEL TANKS production

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Methodology Adopted to Collect Data

Collected data based on 5 packaging types

- Group 1 dispensing (steel tank BIB)

- Group 2 others (glass bottles aluminium cans PET bottles)

Analysis in order to measure the impact of different packagings during their whole life cycle (from the cradle to the grave) starting from the raw materials up to the waste disposal after utilization

Functional unit adopted in the analysis packaging capacity of 1 lt of beverage

Approach based on an increasing detail in data collection taking into account quality and reliability as well

Data entry in the selected software (Simapro) and following process

Case Study

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Packaging Production Phase and Transport to the Bottler

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of materials used for packaging production (can bottle tank cap etc)

Quantity and type of packaging materials (eg polyethylene plastic bend paperboard)

Packaging transport from production site to the bottler (weighted average km)Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Pallet and other packaging material to return (pallets and wood frames) and their mean duration

Case Study

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Product Filling Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy gas oil gas etc consumption (per beverage unit)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Wastewater emissions into the atmosphere and waste produced during the process

Case Study

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Final Packaging and Transportation Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity and type of packaging material Transportion to the sale point (weighted mean km)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Transport category (eg EURO 1 2 3 etc)Packaging residuals

Case Study

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Product Utilization Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Energy consumption machines and coolers

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Refrigerating components Glasses used to drink the beverages

CO2 release

Case Study

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Product End Life Phase

ELEMENTS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

Quantity to final landfill disposal and to recyclereuseTrasport of packaging (glass bottles and tanks) back to the plant

(considering mean duration and filling cycles per year)

ELEMENTS NOT CONSIDERED

Waste trasport to the landfillrecycle site

Case Study

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

53

First results

Impacts of the different products considered on some

environmental aspects

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

54

First results

Energy consumption of the considered products for different energy sources

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Prof Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail chiellinoeambienteitUniversity e-mail gabriellachiellinouniveit

Internet site wwweambienteit

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION