Environmental aspects of offshore wind farms · Reef Effect . Environmental Measures ......
Transcript of Environmental aspects of offshore wind farms · Reef Effect . Environmental Measures ......
Environmental aspects of offshore wind
farms
An overview of research, policy and new developments in the Netherlands
Drs. Jakob Asjes, IMARES
Contents
Introduction IMARES
Environmental impact studies
Overview environmental policy
Marine Spatial Planning and Multifunctional Use
IMARES: Institute for Marine Resources
and Ecosystem Studies
A scientific institute for strategic and applied marine ecological research in support of maritime policies and innovations.
Sustainable maritime economy and seafood production in harmony with the protection of the sea.
IMARES, facts and figures
Annual turnover of € 30 Million
235 employees
60% with an academic degree
8 professors and 3 lectors
30 PhD students
>120 (Scientific) publications
annually
Active in ICES, Ascobans, IWC
and EFARO
Plans & Projects
in the
Netherlands
• OWEZ: www.noordzeewind.nl/en
• Prinses Amalia: www.prinsesamaliawindpark.eu/en
Construction Phase: Pile hammering
Direct mortality:
● Fish
● Fish larvae
Hearing disorder:
● Marine mammals
● Diving birds
Disturbance:
● Marine mammals
● Birds
● Fish
http://www.bfn.de/habitatmare/de/downloads/monitoring/BfN-Monitoring_Schweinswale_2008-2009.pdf
Pile driving – Behavioural effect
Before pile-driving
During pile-driving
Impact on fish larvae
Pile-driving sound → injuries and mortality in fish
Limited knowledge, especially for fish larvae
Fish larvae are planktonic → avoidance is limited or impossible
‘Larvaebrator’
Research on Impacts Operational Phase
● Underwater noise produced by wind turbines (fish and marine mammals)
● Impact on cetaceans, i.e. harbour porpoise
● Impact on seals
● Impact on local birds
● Impact on migrating birds
● Impact on breeding birds
● Impact on fish, demersal and pelagic
● Impact on zoobenthos
● Development of hard-substrate communities
Impacts on marine mammals: Porpoise
T-Pod/C-Pod
Harbour porpoise
Impacts on fish 1
Highly variable
2003 2007
Conclusion: no significant impacts!
Trawl surveys: pelagic fish and demersal fish Acoustic surveys: pelagic surveys
Fish 2 (DIDSON: www.didson.wur.nl)
Artificial Reef Effect
Environmental Measures
No pile hammering between 1st of January and 1st of July:
● Impacts on seals
● Impacts on fish larvae
Certain locations/initiatives didn’t get a permit:
● Impacts on lesser black backed gull
● Maritime safety
Mandatory: Environmental monitoring and evaluation program
Financial consequences!!
Marine Spatial Planning and Multifunctional
Use
WINDSPEED PROJECT: www.windspeed.eu
MESMA project: www.mesma.org
Multifunctional Use of Wind Farms:
● MERMAID project: www.mermaidproject.eu
● Vissen voor de Wind (Fishing for the Wind)
Windspeed: Decision Support System
Where to build? >>> Marine spatial planning process
WINDSPEED project as example, fisheries included
Windspeed: Decision Support System
National Water Plan
Model result
New multifunctional concepts
Thank you for
your attention!
Questions?
IMARES
To explore the potential of marine nature To improve the quality of life
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