Environmental and Social Monitoring Report · SAFEGUARD MONITORING REPORT October 2014 – June...

Environmental and Social Monitoring Report

Annual Report July 2019

PAL: Koror-Airai Sanitation Project

Prepared by Palau Public Utilities Corporation for the Asian Development Bank.

This environmental and social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views

expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation

of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian

Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any

territory or area.

Koror – Airai Sanitation Project Project Management Unit - Palau Public Utilities Corporation

TA-8581 REG: Loan 3060(SF)/3061-PAL:

SAFEGUARD MONITORING REPORT

October 2014 – June 2019 Prepared by Palau Public Utilities Corporation for the Asian Development Bank.

This safeguard monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

DRAFT Safeguards Monitoring Report June 2019

Project title Koror – Airai Sanitation Project

Document title DRAFT Safeguard Monitoring Report

Date 20th July 2019

Author(s) Sonia CHIRGWIN

Reference No. SMR-01

Quality control

Version Date Written by: Checked by:

Draft v2 20/07/19 Sonia CHIRGWIN Russell ABRAMS

Anthony RUDIMCH

Draft v1 20/06/19 Sonia CHIRGWIN Russell ABRAMS

Anthony RUDIMCH

Distribution

Sent to:

Name Company Sent on:

Steve BLAIK ADB 20/07/19

Copy to:

Name Company Sent on:

Anthony RUDIMCH PPUC

David BAI PPUC

Laurent DENIAU Egis

Murielle GOUBON Egis

Russell ABRAMS PIAC

Michael CHAPMAN PIAC

Chris MARLOW PIAC

Deidre YAMANGUCHI PIAC


Acronyms and Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

DP Displaced Person

EA Executing Agency

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

GAP Gender Action Plan

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GFP Grievance Focal Point

GIS Geographic Information System

Ha Hectare

HH Households

HOTL House of Traditional Leaders

IA Implementing Agency

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

KASMP Koror-Airai Sanitation Master Plan

KSPLA Koror State Public Land Authority

LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement

MOF Ministry of Finance

MPIIC Ministry of Public Infrastructure, Industry and Commerce

NGOs Non-Government Organizations

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PAM Project Administration Manual

PIA Project Implementation Assistance

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PMU Project Management Unit

PPTA Project preparation technical assistance

PPUC Palau Public Utilities Corporation

PSA Poverty and Socio Economic Assessment

PSC Program Steering Committee

RP Resettlement Plan

SPS Safeguard Policy Statement

SPS Sewage pump station

STP Sewage treatment plant

TA Technical Assistance

TOR Terms of Reference

WB World Bank

WSIP Water Sector Improvement Program

WWO Water and Wastewater Operations (Palau Public Utilities Corporation)


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 1

2 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Project Description ........................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Current Status of Project Activities ................................................................................... 3

2.3 Institutional Arrangements ............................................................................................... 5

3 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS ........................................................................................ 5

3.1 Environmental Safeguard Requirements.......................................................................... 5

3.2 Description of Environmental Safeguard Activities ........................................................... 7

3.3 Key Environmental Risks and Responses ........................................................................ 7

3.4 Capacity Building Activities ............................................................................................ 11

4 SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ....................................................................................................... 11

4.1 Involuntary Resettlement Requirements ........................................................................ 11

4.2 Safeguards for Indigenous Persons ............................................................................... 13

4.3 Workplace Health and Safety ......................................................................................... 13

5 GENDER............................................................................................................................... 14

5.1 Gender Action Plan Requirements ................................................................................. 14

6 CONSULTATION AND GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES .......................................................... 16

6.1 Information Disclosure, Consultation and Awareness .................................................... 16

6.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism ..................................................................................... 18

7 RESOURCING AND FINANCING ......................................................................................... 19

8 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ....................................................................................... 19

9 PHOTOS ............................................................................................................................... 21

ANNEX A: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORTS (PPUC) ............................................. 25

ANNEX B: ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED........................................................ 35

ANNEX C: EQPB PERMIT FOR ICB-03 – SPECIAL CONDITIONS TO BE MET ........................ 42

ANNEX D: WATER QUALITY DATA FOR AIRAI ......................................................................... 45

ANNEX E: MONITORING OF GENDER ACTION PLAN .............................................................. 55

ANNEX F – GENDER AWARENESS WORKSHOP ..................................................................... 60

ANNEX G – COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY – SUMMARY ...................................................... 71


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This safeguard monitoring report for the Koror-Airai Sanitation Project has been prepared in accordance with the laws of the Government of the Republic of Palau and the related safeguards policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

2. A preliminary report was prepared as an initial draft based on desktop research of project documentation and interviews with key staff. This was submitted to ADB in late June 2019. The report was then updated following a field trip to Palau undertaken from 3rd. to the 13th July 2019. It was important to not only review project documents, but to capture a greater depth of data through site visits and interviewing key project and PMU staff, the EQPB, contractors and stakeholders. The field mission also provided an opportunity for capacity building activities with local counterparts. This draft report will become the final following any clarifications or changes made after comments are received from ADB.

3. The project’s outcome is improved delivery of sanitation services by the Palau Public Utilities Corporation (PPUC).

4. The project’s outputs are as follows:

• Effective, efficient, and sustainable sewage collection systems in Koror and Airai;

• Sewage treatment and disposal meets Palau’s environmental standards;

• Safe and hygienic public toilet facilities in Koror are available; and

• The Project is effectively managed.

5. It is noted that whilst a range of environmental and social safeguard monitoring and management measures were implemented, the reporting was not in line with ADB requirements. This short-coming was largely due to inadequate staffing arrangements, and the focus of the team on contractual management and civil works activities. This report provides a compilation of safeguard measures from the project commencement (October 2014) through to early July 2019. It serves to document resettlement, environmental, and gender action reporting requirements to meet safeguard compliance for the project.

6. For environmental safeguards the project was classified as category B, and an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) was prepared and approved at the processing stage. The IEE included a project Environmental Management Plan (EMP). During the detailed design stage, these EMPs were updated and incorporated into bidding documents. The selected contractors were required to submit Contractor Environmental Management Plans prior to commencing civil works, and the PMU submitted and obtained all necessary environmental approvals from the Environmental Quality Protection Board (EQPB). It is noted that each component had minor, temporary and localized environmental impacts, readily managed by proposed mitigation measures in the IEE and CEMPs.

7. In regard to the permit for ICB-03 contract works for the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), there are a number of special conditions for PPUC to meet as pre-operational requirements. To date a number of these issues are outstanding, which needs to addressed in order to proceed with an extension of the permit for the contract timeframe period. Discussions are ongoing with EQPB, and a proposed timeline to address the special condition requirements has been developed. This issue is a priority in terms of compliance with environmental regulatory frameworks in Palau, and to mitigate environmental risk during operations. Further investigative work is required, and is in the detailed planning stage.

8. For resettlement, the project was classified as category C, in that the project did not involve land acquisition, restrictions to existing land use, or access. During implementation there


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were no unanticipated land acquisition and resettlement impacts.

9. A Gender Action Plan was developed during the project preparation stage. Key gender issues in the sector were identified, and a range of performance targets and activities were prepared to promote gender equality in the participation of women in decision making, and improvement of opportunities for women. The project has not adversely impacted on women or disadvantaged sectors of the community. Improved sanitation makes a significant difference to women and poor households, who often bear the burden of increased caring responsibilities and costs of health impacts from inadequate sanitation. During the field trip to Palau, a gender workshop, titled Why does Gender Matter in the Infrastructure Sector, was delivered to key staff in PPUC. The themes explored the rationale for seeking more gender equity and balanced work teams, drawing on relevant case studies, and analyzing current barriers and ways forward.

Figure 1: Broad overview of network

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Description

10. The Koror - Airai Sanitation Project will provide priority sanitation infrastructure as identified in the Koror-Airai Sanitation Master Plan (KASMP). The impact of the project will be improved environment and public health in Koror and Airai. The outcome of the project will be improved delivery of sanitation services by the Palau Public Utilities Corporation (PPUC).

11. The project is driven by environmental sustainability and economic development priorities. The degraded condition and limited capacity of the Koror sewerage network was causing environmental and health issues with cumulative impacts on the well-being of communities and the economy. In the Arai area serviced by septic tanks, the unsuitable soils create surface water ponding, presenting health risk and environmental harm to local communities, and impacting on capacity for tourism development. Rapid development exacerbates these issues.

12. With limited flushing within Palau’s lagoons, sewage overflows compound pollution, with the buildup of waste damaging fragile marine and mangrove ecosystems. From time to time, the government has placed swimming bans in some areas near tourist hotels and local swimming


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spots, which addresses immediate risk, but impacts on Palau’s tourism branding.

13. Cases of gastroenteritis caused by poor sanitation are a significant risk for local communities, with the potential for more serious waterborne diseases, such as cholera, an issue of concern for health practitioners. Direct and indirect health costs, degradation of Palau’s natural tourism assets, and potential cost of clean-up works underpinned the economic case for investing in improved sanitation.

14. The following provides an overview of the outputs as presented in the latest update of the Project Administration Manual (June 2019):

Output 1: Effective, efficient, and sustainable sewage collection systems in Koror and Airai. The sewerage network in Koror will be rehabilitated and augmented to

(i) minimize the frequency and severity of uncontrolled sewage overflows; (ii) reduce the energy requirements to operate the network; (iii) improve the operation of the network through real-time monitoring of sewage collection

system parameters at key locations within the network; and (iv) enable rapid response to disruptions to sewerage services resulting from system failures.

A sewerage network will be constructed at Kesebelau (Airai). Output 2: Sewage treatment and disposal meets Palau’s environmental standards. Sewage collected in the Koror and Airai sewerage networks will be treated to tertiary standards at new sewage treatment plants (STPs) to be constructed at Malakal (Koror) and at Kesabelau. Effluent from the new STPs will meet Palau’s environmental discharge quality standards for the current and projected 2036 sewer loads. Output 3: Safe and hygienic public toilet facilities in Koror are available. Three gender sensitive public toilets will be rehabilitated and connected to the sewer system while an additional three toilets will be built in key locations in the tourist precincts of Koror. Output 4: Effective project management. The project management unit (PMU), supported by project implementation assistance (PIA) consultants will provide project design and supervision, monitoring, reporting, quality and cost control, screening, contract administration services and monitoring of the gender action plan, and environmental action plan. 15. The implementation phase of the project commenced in October 2014, and is due for completion at the end of 2019. This report covers the period from project commencement through to early July 2019.

16. Whilst the project focus is to develop infrastructure for significant environmental and health improvement, it is important to also analyze environmental and social risk in the construction and operational phases, and ensure the project does not create environmental harm or degradation. This is achieved through following the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) in the design and implementation of the project. Development projects also provide an opportunity to improve outcomes for communities, focusing particularly on opportunities to improve the lives of women and disadvantaged members of communities. As such, the ADB requires all projects to consider environmental and social safeguards, potential resettlement impacts, and ways to reduce impacts and enhance opportunities for women and indigenous groups

1.2 Current Status of Project Activities

17. The project originally consisted of four International Competitive Bid (ICB) packages, as described below, and a number of national and plant procurement packages as outlined below:

• ICB-01 - Sewer network rehabilitation and expansion works at Malakal and Meyuns area • ICB-02 - Sewer network rehabilitation and expansion works at Koror • ICB-03 - Sewage Treatment Plant Upgrade in Malakal


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• ICB-04 - Sewage System and STP Construction in Airai (Kesebelau/Ked) • Rehabilitation and construction of public toilets in Koror • Management of Melekeook STPs • Procurement of high pressure jetter • Sewage pumping station (SPS) - new site • Generators for SPS 1 and SPS 2

18. With various implementation challenges, particularly the change in costings from those projected during the PPTA and actual bid prices, the scope of the project has been reduced. Requested design changes also increased the costs of the project infrastructure and along with delays in civil works contracts, reassessing overall scope provided a pragmatic approach. As such the works contract ICB-04 for improved sanitation in the Airai area, has now been deferred. The Government of Palau is in ongoing discussions with ADB in regard to extending the loan facility to ensure additional works are funded to fully rehabilitate and improve both the Airai and Koror sewage systems. These works are proposed under a KASP Phase 2.

19. ICB-01 was signed in September 2016, with mobilization in late 2016, and works commencing in February 2017. Unfortunately there have been a number of delays and contract extensions. The PPUC granted a further extension until 27th August 2018, but there remain concerns about the contractor’s capacity to deliver the agreed works.

20. ICB-02 commenced in September 2016, and has also required time extensions, with the current completion time extended to the 27th August by the Project Steering Committee (PSC) during their meeting in April. PPUC have undertaken CCTV survey work, and identified some installation problems that will need remedy.

21. ICB-03 commenced in January 2017 to upgrade the sewage treatment plant (STP) in Malakal, and is on track for commissioning in mid-October.

22. ICB-04 is the proposed sewage system and STP for construction in Airai. Due to project fund shortfalls, this was removed from the project scope of works. However, the Government of Palau is in discussions with ADB to explore increasing the loan funds to include this component. All design work and draft bidding documents have been completed.

23. The rehabilitation and construction of public toilets is being undertaken by the Koror State with minimal inputs from the PIAC team. This siting and design work for upgrading public sanitation facilities has been completed by the Koror State Public Lands Authority, with PPUC to supervise works.

24. As a part of the bidding requirements, the contractor will design, construct, test and commission the new STP. Once the plant has been commissioned, the Contractor will train PPUC personnel on operations and maintenance, as well as provide a wastewater operations manager to oversee the plant operations in the initial period. The manager will be working full time for the first three years, reducing inputs to a part time basis for a further two years. The environmental management and monitoring components of the contract will be critical to meeting Palau’s environmental standards.

25. The contract for construction of the new sewage pump station (SPS A8) has not commenced. There were significant delays due to siting. The original proposal was to build the SPS on land near the turnoff to the Palau Pacific Resort. However, this was opposed by the Resort, who did not want the facility in close proximity to their activities. To resolve the impasse, an alternative site was selected nearby, with a 50 year lease signed with PPUC and the owner to provide this land for the purpose of constructing the SPS. The land is vacant land, with no vegetation of significance. SPS A8 has been removed from the scope of works under ICB-01, with the intention to proceed with a separate tender process to construct this component.

26. The PIAC contract was due to be completed in August, but there is a further extension


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under negotiation, with a proposed new closure date in January 2020. It is anticipated that the contract works will be largely complete by this time. Strengthening safeguard reporting mechanisms now is timely to ensure risks are managed into the future.

1.3 Institutional Arrangements

27. The Ministry of Finance (MOF) is the executing agency, with Palau Public Utilities Corporation (PPUC) as the implementing agency. The PMU was created in the PPUC Water and Wastewater Operations (WWO) Division. The PMU is responsible for the overall implementation of the project including the day-to-day project activities, and compliance with the provisions of the loan including project agreements and government policies and guidelines. The PMU also serves as the Secretariat for the Project Steering Committee (PSC).

28. Support for the PMU is provided by project implementation assistance consultants (PIAC). Reporting to the PMU Project Manager, the PIAC team assists in delivering the project outputs and supporting effective project management. PIAC assistance includes confirmation of project scope, preparation of bidding documents (including design) and supervision of project activities. Monitoring and reporting on project progress is also a key area of support, ensuring the project complies with quality and cost control standards. The PIAC team also assist to administer contracts awarded under the project. This management oversight includes supporting the PMU to monitor safeguards throughout project implementation.

2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS

2.1 Environmental Safeguard Requirements

29. Under the Palau regulatory framework, the Environmental Quality Protection Board (EQPB) is the governing body administering the Environmental Protection Act and its regulations protecting the environment and ensuring the integrity of marine, terrestrial, and water eco-systems are not compromised by development. The legislative framework ensures resources are protected, and development in Palau considers sustainability. These frameworks are directly relevant to the project, ensuring that design, civil works, and ongoing operations are completed with sound environmental protection measures in place.

30. Under the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Regulation, the EQPB applies an assessment process for all new infrastructure projects. The two stage assessment firstly determines the level of assessment required through an Environmental Assessment, which is an initial evaluation to determine whether there are any components of the proposed development that have potential to have a significant impact on the environment. In these cases, a more comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required. The project worked closely with the EQPB to ensure all legislative requirements were met in the project preparation and implementation phases. Permits issued by the EQPB often include conditions which must be met by the proponent during the implementation phase. This is the case under ICB-03, the construction of the new STP, where there are outstanding special conditions yet to be met by PPUC. The PIAC team is working closely with PPUC to resolve these issues.

31. Within the Government’s EIS Regulation and ADB’s SPS, the interventions proposed in the Project were categorized as category ‘B’ for environment, based on the most sensitive component. Project categorization was carried out using a rapid environmental assessment (REA) checklist for all project components, and an IEE was then updated and submitted for Government approval. The following tables summarize the approvals process for each of the core contracts.

Table 1: ICB-01 - Sewer network rehabilitation and expansion works at Malakal and Meyuns area


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Environmental Safeguard Measure Status Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report written as a part of Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA)

Completed early 2012 and approved by ADB

EQPB review of IEE. Endorsement issued with a number of conditions attached.

July 2012

Review and update EMP as part of detailed design work Early 2016 Detailed Environmental Management Plan (based on IEE) included as part of the bidding documents

April 2016

Detailed Contractor Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) in line with EMP Managing and Monitoring Matrix from bidding documents, to be prepared by Contractor and submitted for approval by PPUC, EQPB and ADB.

November 2016

Permit issued by EQPB February 2017 Works commenced on site February 2017

Table 2: ICB-02 - Sewer network rehabilitation and expansion works at Koror




July 2012

Review and update EMP as part of detailed design work Early 2016 Detailed Environmental Management Plan (based on IEE) included as part of the bidding documents

March 2016

Detailed Contractor Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) in line with EMP Managing and Monitoring Matrix from bidding documents, to be prepared by Contractor and submitted for approval by PPUC, EQPB and ADB.

October 2016

Permit issued by EQPB January 2017 Works commenced on site January 2017

Table 3: ICB-03 - Sewage Treatment Plant Upgrade in Malakal




July 2012

Detailed Design Report completed December 2015 Review and update EMP as part of detailed design work Early 2016 Detailed Environmental Management Plan (based on IEE) included as part of the bidding documents

April 2016

Detailed Contractor Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) in line with EMP Managing and Monitoring Matrix from bidding documents, prepared by Contractor and submitted for approval by PPUC, EQPB and ADB.

February 2017

Sewage Treatment Plant HAZOP Report prepared by Beca Ltd

May 2017

PPUC applied for permit from EQPB. Approval was delayed as further information sought (updated IEE)

December 2017

Permit issued by EQPB for earthmoving, wastewater June 2018


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discharge, solid waste and hazardous waste management (special conditions of permit to be met in pre-operational phase) PPUC submit request to EQPB for extension of timeframe for permit

May 2019

EQPB response – requiring all special conditions to be addressed prior to consideration of an extension

May 2019

32. As discussed in Section 2.2, ICB-04, the component of the project to upgrade sanitation in Airai has been removed from the project scope due to insufficient funds. However, the environmental safeguards work as part of the initial design process has been completed, with an EMP included in the bidding documents that were drafted in October 2016. At this stage with the works put on hold, there have been no permits issued by EQPB.

2.2 Description of Environmental Safeguard Activities

33. By continually monitoring social and environmental safeguards throughout a project cycle, a focus is provided for the PMU to address risks and opportunities as the project changes or new issues arise. Summarizing these issues in a bi-annual report to the ADB and stakeholders provides an important accountability mechanism, and demonstrates adherence to the project’s Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), Resettlement Plan (RP) and Gender Action Plan (GAP).

34. A key challenge for the KASP is the lack of staff within the safeguard implementation and monitoring roles. Within the PMU, there is now an Environmental Specialist who commenced working in this role in September 2018, providing the necessary focus for regular environmental reporting. Prior to this time, there was an international Environmental Specialist, but his involvement was focused on the environmental approvals process for project works. Gaining the necessary permits through the Environmental Quality Protection Board (EQPB) required significant time inputs. Without the staff resourcing, the environmental reporting has not been systematic. However, ongoing environmental management through the Contractor Environmental Management Plans, and contract supervision processes has been undertaken throughout the implementation period. Environmental risk has been managed throughout the process to date, with issues and mitigation measures summarized within this report.

35. With the Environmental Specialist working within the PPUC, regular environmental monitoring reports for the project are now being completed on a monthly basis with the first of these completed in January 2019. The reports are attached as Annex A. As part of the work in reviewing safeguards, the international environmental specialist worked closely with the PPUC environmental specialist to review reporting and strengthen capacity. A new audit checklist has been developed for each of the contracts, linked back to the mitigation measures stated in the CEMPs.

36. Prior to the engagement of the PPUC Environmental Specialist, environmental safeguard actions can be found within the project reports and the minutes from regular contractor meetings. Environmental actions implemented in relation to civil works have been summarized and presented in Annex B. Each of the contractors have staff assigned to the role of environmental management, and all team members are provided with training on environmental management along with workplace health and safety.

2.3 Key Environmental Risks and Responses

37. The Koror - Airai Sanitation Project is classified as category B for environment. This classification states that the project may have some adverse environmental impacts, but of a lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A projects. An Initial Environmental


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Examination (IEE) is required to determine the significance of environmental risks, mitigation strategies, and monitoring methods. An IEE report was prepared during the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) phase, including a project Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

38. The overall conclusion from the IEE was that the project provides positive environmental benefits through improving the environmentally safe collection and treatment of sewage in Koror and Airai. Sewage overflows within the collection network will be reduced significantly. The quality of sewage treatment will meet appropriate standards for the sensitive marine environment. Sludge disposal will be managed in accordance to a sludge management plan, with waste being buried at the landfill, and potentially in the future used as a resource in a bio-digestion system (under feasibility assessment). Improved coastal marine water quality, improved freshwater quality, reduced odor nuisance, reduced public health risk from exposure to untreated sewerage, and increased public safety will be significant benefits of the project. Associated and cumulative benefits include increased tourism potential, improved planning and management of future sanitation infrastructure, and improved development planning.

39. The IEE process found that no significant environmental impacts are likely to result from project implementation. The environmental management plan outlines the risks and mitigating actions to be undertaken during project implementation. The IEE also stated that the project will help develop the capacity of the WWO to manage and monitor environmental performance of the sanitation system.

40. The major risks identified within the IEE were:

• Maintaining the quality of treated sewage effluent discharged, particularly during the construction phase for the STP. Measures to mitigate these risks were included in the design specifications.

• The low institutional capacity of the WWO, including their lack of environmental management staff, and the under resourced EQPB to enforce regulations.

41. ICB-01 Meyuns and Malakal Sewer Network Rehabilitation and Expansion. The contract for undertaking these works was awarded to a joint venture between Progetti Plant SRL and Costruzioni Dondi SPA, with works commencing in February 2017. As per the specifications in the bidding document, the successful contractor was required to submit a Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) which was part of the submission to the Environmental Quality Protection Board (EQPB) for approval to be granted to PPUC to undertake the works. This approval was granted in September 2017, with the permit detailing numerous special conditions to ensure environmental risks were minimized.

42. Environmental risk was identified at the generator site for SPS 2, with pollution from fuel spillage prevented through the construction of a bund to contain spillages during re-fueling.

43. Siting of the SPS A8 has been a challenging issue. The existing SPS is adjacent to the entrance to the Palau Pacific Resort (PPR) and is in a badly corroded condition. SPS A7 will be made redundant through the upgrade of SPS A8 with its greater pumping rate and full stand-by capacity. However, construction at this site was opposed by PPR given expected disruptions to hotel access and aesthetic impacts during the construction period. Relocation of the SPS to a more convenient site across the road and away from the entrance was a way to mitigate impacts for PPR’s business and the tourists using this resort. Negotiations created significant delays, but this issue was resolved through identifying suitable vacant land and signing an agreement with the owner for the development of the SPS on this alternative site. There are no environmental issues with this siting, with the land having no significant vegetation, and being more appropriate siting to reduce impact to PPR and their guests.

44. Disposal of screenings from the SPSs is an important ongoing environmental management issue. Screenings from the SPSs can be highly odorous, and need to be disposed of through burial as soon as possible to minimize impacts. This will be addressed within the sludge


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management plan.

45. An issue that arose during trenching and backfilling works was that the native soil excavated was unsuitable for reuse as backfill due to its high clay content, saturation levels, and its poor compaction results. This required a contract variation for the use of base course material to avoid road subsidence.

46. A further issue arising during the works was the discovery of asbestos water pipes. The contractor had sound procedures in place to ensure working with any pipes containing asbestos was undertaken with safety procedures, including the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment. Pipes were left in-situ, with the hazard carefully re-buried so as not to expose workers or the general public to asbestos fiber.

47. Project delays were incurred during implementation due to the sites including areas classed as high or medium risk of containing ERW (Explosive Remnants of War). As per procedures of the Bureau of Public Works, the Safety Office ERW Team conducted technical surveys using detectors and manual excavation of construction sites in suspected or confirmed hazardous areas. Following a risk assessment of all construction sites, risk mitigation measures were implemented to ensure the site was safe prior to construction.

48. To manage sedimentation and contain mud from trenching and stockpiling of fill materials, contractors were required to provide a silt fence around the active working area, with soil stockpiles covered to prevent sedimentation and run-off.

49. Delays in asphalting the road after laying of the pipes has been problematic. With only one contractor available for this work in Palau, there have been issues with price rises, and disputes over payment terms that continue to strain relationships and delay the works. Environmentally, these delays create road deterioration. Socially, dissatisfaction and complaints about the state of the road have increased. At the time of this report, it has been determined that PPUC will engage the asphalt sub-contractor directly to try to speed up the process and improve the road condition as soon as practical. Resolving this issue is a priority not only for completion of the works, but to improve the public perceptions of ongoing disruptions and poor workmanship.

50. ICB-02 Malakal Sewer Network Rehabilitation and Expansion. With the contract awarded to Pacific Engineering Projects commencing in September 2016, there were significant delays during civil works caused by inaccurate information or clashes with other service lines for water supply and communications. Re-designs were required to avoid damage and disruption to existing services, resulting in installation in the middle of the road for some sewer lines rather than along the right-hand sign. This increased impacts on traffic flow during construction.

51. Environmental management issues, particularly containing mud and sediments and minimizing impacts on roads during heavy rain, were managed through the contract supervision process. When surplus materials were stockpiled near the track and field area, the contractor was required to implement measures to ensure run-off from stockpiles did not create impact. Stormwater sediment traps were also utilized to minimize potential impacts from construction activities.

52. Inadequate compaction testing and use of unsuitable backfill materials in some trenches required the removal of some subgrade materials by the contractor to ensure adequate compaction prior to sealing.

53. ICB-03 Sewage Treatment Plant at Malakal. Contract signing with Pacific Engineering Group took place in January 2017, and despite some start up delays beyond the control of the Contractor, civil works are on track for completion in October 2019. In the bid, the contractor proposed an alternative design solution of a Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR) unit, as opposed to an oxidation ditch treatment plant. The SBR provides a cost effective solution that produces higher quality wastewater treatment in an area with a smaller footprint . This alternative was accepted


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as an improved solution in meeting the environmental standards for wastewater treatment.

54. A HAZOP study was undertaken by the contractors to identify hazards and operational issues during the detailed design phase. This allows corrective action to be initiated prior to installation and commissioning. The system is analyzed for risks and controls are assessed for their appropriateness.

55. Further controls were developed to minimize environmental risk during the construction of the STP. A temporary by-pass was designed to provide a disposal point for wastewater tankers, which includes a screening facility. Aerators are included in this temporary bypass solution to facilitate the treatment process as much as possible prior to the commissioning of the SBR plant.

56. Finding an appropriate solution to sludge disposal from the proposed drying beds was resolved during the civil works through amending the contract to replace the proposed drying beds with a belt press and transfer conveyor housed in an enclosed building. This provides more controls during operations with reduced risk of odor emissions and greater controls over collection and disposal of dewatered sludge.

57. The STP design utilizes the existing ocean outfall for disposal of the treated wastewater. The question of where to tie-in the infrastructure is yet to be resolved. It is also unknown whether the existing outfall is in sound condition to receive the additional flows that will be generated from the STP. This is a concern, particularly given a report commissioned by the Palau International Coral Reef Centre (at the request of PPUC) that highlights the poor flushing system of the harbor, and thus the long retention times and risk from fecal coliforms. The report author recommends installation of additional risers to achieve the desirable dilution of 100:1 at the surface over the outfall1. However there is currently no budget for any work on the outfall infrastructure. However, the PMU and PIAC are undertaking further investigation work. A dye test is planned to test for existing leaks and the extent of dispersal. A recommendation will then be made as to the best measures for environmental and health safeguards.

58. A further issue is that there is currently no additional disinfection of the wastewater after it has passed through the SBR process. Whilst the SBR plant will remove most pollutants from the wastewater, it will not significantly reduce fecal coliforms in the wastewater, relying on dilution and dispersal to reduce the hazards. The EQPB are requesting further technical data to demonstrate compliance with the wastewater discharge standards of Palau.

59. In order to have the EQPB permit extended, and address the concerns raised in the special conditions of the permit, PIAC will work closely with PPUC to ensure the requirements are met. This will include commissioning some additional technical input. See Annex C for an overview of requirements, and the PPUC / PIAC proposed approach to comply with the EQPB permit conditions.

60. ICB-04 Sewage System and STP Construction in Airai. As discussed earlier, this component is no longer within the scope of works for KASP. However, environmental safeguards work was undertaken during the detailed design phase and will inform future development in this area. A key risk of the proposed development is the environmental impact of discharge from the STP. There was concern over the location of the discharge point into the small stream and its discharge proximity to the environmentally sensitive Medai Ngedeiull area. Although the projected volume of discharge is minimal (estimated to be around 1M/l day) there is potential for increases in the future. Therefore it was determined that setting the parameters for discharge is important, along with understanding the baseline water quality in the proposed discharge location.

61. Monthly water testing was established at four sites in Kesebelau, working with EQPB to test for E. coli, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and

1 Wolanski E (2019): DISCUSSION REPORT: Malakal sewage outfall. (Undertaken for Palau International Coral Reef Centre). College of Science and Engineering. James Cook University Australia.


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conductivity. The test results and analysis are included as Annex D. The data shows clear evidence of existing contamination, which spikes after one inch of rainfall, demonstrating the saturation of soils leads to high run-off of nutrients from septic tanks. This data forms an important baseline for monitoring in the future if infrastructure is improved in this area.

62. Rehabilitation and construction of public toilets in Koror. A key issue for public toilets is ensuring they are safe and hygienic for use. Maintenance needed to be resolved through dialogue with PPUC, the Koror State Government and the Ministry of Cultural Affairs (MCA). It was agreed that the most sustainable model would be for the management and maintenance to be the responsibility of Koror State. PPUC will undertake the bidding and supervise civil works, but the infrastructure will belong to Koror State, who will have responsibility for ongoing operations and maintenance.

63. Climate change impacts have been considered throughout the project implementation, with climate change vulnerability considered during design, and mitigation strategies incorporated to enable sustainability. For example, the SPS 1 site is vulnerable to inundation during wet weather and extreme tidal events. This required transformers to be pole mounted to ensure continual operations.

2.4 Capacity Building Activities

64. Earlier in the project, the International and National Environment Specialists undertook a number of capacity building activities as a component of their safeguard role. This included:

• ADB safeguards training workshop for EQPB and PMU staff, along with orientation for KASP environmental management processes.

• Capacity building for laboratory testing of waste water, including testing laboratory equipment, improving Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), establishing equipment maintenance and testing procedures, and training of staff. Worked with JICA water quality experts to develop protocols and analyze water quality data.

• Worked closely with EQPB to develop clear protocols for STP effluent quality standards and sludge management processes during detailed design phase.

• Airai stream sampling with EQPB

65. In 2019, with a national environmental specialist within PPUC staff, additional capacity building was undertaken with the PIAC international environmental specialist. This involved reviewing site audit procedures, and ensuring that monitoring processes link back to CEMPs and the stated commitments from contractors.

3 SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS

3.1 Involuntary Resettlement Requirements

66. During the project preparation phase, the project was classified under category C for both involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples. There are no significant resettlement issues, with all civil works constructed on public land, within public easements, or on long term leased land without settlers. Sewage network rehabilitation and improvement works were proposed within existing infrastructure footprints, and no Resettlement Plan was required for this project.

67. During detailed design works, a number of technical and siting options were considered and discussed with PMU and PSC. The National Resettlement Specialist facilitated detailed


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discussions with the aim of minimizing resettlement impacts, particularly for the STP in Malakal and the SPS at Long Island. In consideration of the pipeline route, the current route was selected due to both technical and resettlement considerations.

68. The following minor land acquisitions have been completed:

• A 6 meter strip of land next to the existing STP primary ponds was required. The land was owned by Koror State Public Lands Authority, and the appropriate acquisition process was followed.

• Easement agreements were prepared for lots affected by upgrades to sewage network or construction of associated infrastructure.

69. For the construction of the sewage pump station (SPS) no A8, there was opposition from Palau Pacific Resort Management for the construction on the proposed siting. As a major tourism facility, the management were wanting to use the system upgrade as an opportunity to remove infrastructure from the proposed junction position, and worked with the PMU to develop alternative siting proposals that could meet technical requirements with reduced impact on their business. Developing the proposed SPS site would have created issues with access to the main entrance of the resort, along with potential construction impacts. After significant project delays, agreement was reached in 2019 to develop SPS A8 on an alternative site. In Figure 2, the original SPS 8 site is to the right of the blue substation, in the grassed area between the building and the road seal. The alternative site is located behind the parked car in the photo, in the long grass area. Whilst the siting has now been resolved, the delays led to the removal of this work package from the ICB-01 contract. This will be bid in a separate tender package. Despite the delays, the outcome resolved a potential dispute, and reduced the risk of environmental or business impacts during the construction period.

Figure 2: Location of SPS8

70. The proposed SPS for Long Island was also challenging given the ecological sensitivity of the nature reserve. There were significant delays in the EQPB issuing a permit, and the eventual permit had a number of conditions to reduce risk from overflows and contamination of the surrounding area. This created the need for modifying the design. The construction was further delayed following a public petition from the community rejecting the SPS construction. Rather than trying to proceed without community support, the PSC removed this component from the project scope in their April 2018 Meeting. The removal of the SPSs for Long Island and near the Palau Pacific Resort reduced the risk of ongoing financial claims from the contractor due to lack of access to the two sites.

71. The Long Island area is a nature reserve with strong significance to the local community. Fears that the development would lead to pollution of the swimming area and reduce the amenity of the popular sites for events and gatherings lead to strong opposition to this development, and Koror State were not able to provide the necessary approval. Whilst removing this infrastructure


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component resolved tensions, it does not solve the ongoing impact of ageing sanitation infrastructure in this area. A lesson learned is that future sanitation infrastructure development in this area will require greater community engagement from the outset. By presenting community members with the issue to resolve, and engaging them in developing solutions, there is a greater chance of constructive support, rather than being reactive against the perceived threat.

72. The STP under construction in ICB-03 is taking place largely within the footprint of the existing primary water treatment pond land area operated by PPUC. An additional strip of land was required from Koror State Public Land Authority, which presented no issues (See Figure 3).

Figure 3: STP siting showing new easement

3.2 Safeguards for Indigenous Persons

73. No actions were required under safeguards for indigenous persons. The majority of the population has ethnic origins in Palau; therefore the majority can be considered indigenous. Under the ADB definition, indigenous persons are a group or cultural identity distinct from that of the dominant or mainstream society, and as such, no action was required.

3.3 Workplace Health and Safety

74. All contractors were required to address traffic management and workplace health and safety, either through a separate health and safety plan or through procedures within the contractor CEMP.


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75. For ICB-01, the contractor provided a Method Statement for Trenching Works. This included plans for marking out for public safety, and works phasing to minimize disruptions. An additional consideration was unexploded ordnance (UXO) safety precautions. Some of the trenching areas were taking place in a High Risk area, requiring supervision from the Bureau of Public Works and the Palau National Safety Office. Training was provided to the contractor staff, and whilst works were undertaken in these high risk areas, two technicians were provided by the Bureau of Public Works and the National Safety Officer. Their role was to ensure prescribed excavation methods were followed, using detecting equipment to issue clearances, or supervise procedures if UXOs were discovered. Whilst there were no safety incidences, the clearance process did add to contracting costs resulting in a monthly delay cost claim.

76. Traffic control and signage protocols were also documented by the ICB-01 contractor within the Method Statement for Trenching Works, and separately in a Traffic Management Plan. Safety procedures included the use of signs, cones, barriers, stop/go traffic management, and flashing warning lights to clearly mark open trenches at night.

77. The ICB-02 contractor submitted a Traffic Management Plan, also outlining protocols for marking out works and ensuring public and staff safety.

78. Under ICB-03, health and safety is a priority, not only through the HAZOP process, but also in the health and safety of wastewater staff. Given the elevated risk of hepatitis A and B, tetanus and polio through coming into contact with wastewater, permissions were sought to import vaccines for a full immunization program. Immunization records were supplied to the PPUC. The contractor’s Health and Safety Plan was comprehensive, and the risks were managed well.

79. In the implementation of all works contracts, adherence to health and safety protocols were of a high standard. Weekly toolbox meetings and strong supervision ensured that high visibility work wear, appropriate footwear, and personal protective equipment were used at all times.

80. There were no accidents or serious incidents reported during the project works for ICB-02 and ICB-03. There was one accident reported during laying the pipeline under ICB-01, resulting in hospital treatment for lacerations and broken toes. The response and treatment were satisfactory, along with measures undertaken by the contractor to prevent reoccurrence.

4 GENDER

4.1 Gender Action Plan Requirements

81. A Gender Action Plan (GAP) was written during the project preparation stage, with the emphasis on inclusion during consultation, and seeking economic opportunities for women during implementation of the civil works contracts.

82. Annex E provides a monitoring update of the GAP showing progress against targets. There were a number of constraints in the implementation. Primarily lack of staff resourcing to implement proposed actions was a major challenge. Whilst there were resources available for community engagement, the expertise or experience in gender inclusion was not prevalent within the team. Unfortunately, without staff allocated to drive the implementation of the GAP, or processes built in to monitor the participation of women and men in project activities, it is challenging to make inroads into this area of change. A lesson learned for KASP is that resourcing for GAP implementation is fundamental for improving outcomes for women in project delivery.

83. Consultation during design and implementation (for outputs 1, 2 and 3) have an emphasis on ensuring the voice of women and men are heard. In the GAP, there is a target of 50% female participation in community and household consultations. This proved to be challenging to achieve, largely due to the cultural norm of men having a greater say in the public sphere, as opposed to


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the role of women leading matters in the household, family and clan. PPUC and PIAC tried to encourage greater participation by women through scheduling meetings in the evening, but participation remained at approximately 20%. A lesson learned is that separate household engagement approaches, or targeting women’s groups may have provided greater participation equity.

84. An important gender aspect of the project is the placement of the proposed public toilets. Given that it is often women who manage small children and assist the elderly or disabled, inadequate public toilets have a greater impact on the lives of women. To address this, the GAP required 50% female participation in any consultation on siting. It was also proposed that at least half the facilities would be located near local markets and recreation areas frequented by women and children. The toilets were also to include a higher ration of stalls for women (2:1), and to include nappy changing stations for both the women’s and men’s sides. This component of the project is being managed by the Koror state, who have selected the sites through the Koror State Public Land Authority. This package is yet to go to bid, and PPUC will undertake the bidding process, with Koror State supervising the construction.

85. The selection of sites did not include a public consultation process. However, the sites were selected based on numbers of existing users and demonstrated need for facilities in each area. The sites are all well known to the public and in areas of high use. All sites are public lands under Koror State Government, with the Board of Directors of the Koror State Public Lands Authority approving the selected locations.

86. The public toilets will be located in areas that are convenient for women and children, with particular note of recreation and market areas. The five locations are Ernguul Park (public park area in town and location of the night market), T-Dock recreational area, Long Island Park, public park Koror side, and the public park at Icebox Park. Some sites have existing facilities that require upgrading, and others are sites with many users and frequent requests to install toilet facilities.

87. Each new toilet facility provides the requisite number of stalls as detailed in the GAP. In addition, each facility provides disability access.

88. The GAP also included some employment targets for women. Firstly, it stipulated that contractors use 20% female staff in administration based roles, and that capacity development be provided to improve skills in areas such as procurement and asset management. Both contractors are based overseas (one in New Zealand and one in Italy). With much of the administrative work taking place outside of Palau, this target is difficult to monitor, although in interviews with both contractor representatives in Palau, it was agreed that this target was easily met in terms of numbers. However, capacity development in relation to female administrative staff was not possible.

89. A more challenging target was the aim of 50% women in non-skilled labor tasks where culturally appropriate. This target was not achievable in the context of Palau, where women are generally not engaged in non-skilled manual labor. To achieve even a more realistic target requires support, including gender awareness training for the contractors, and incorporating the target into bid conditions. If it is not a bidding requisite, then it is unlikely to succeed due to the lack of women laborers and the challenges of hiring women without adequate training and facilities.

90. The GAP also includes targets for women in positions within the PPUC. Some targets are difficult to meet, such as the local plant operator, and the network modelling position. Employing women without the physical and social support to ensure their ongoing engagement is not sustainable. A lesson learned is that a GAP needs greater analysis of the baseline situation, and consultation with local counterparts about what targets are achievable.

91. Currently in PPUC, there are 15% women in the staff across the whole organization.


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These positions are largely based in administrative and customer service roles. However, there are some changes evident, with one female meter reader (in a team of 12), the first female engineer, and one female lines worker to be engaged in the near future. In terms of leadership, there are two females in senior management (out of 10), one in Human Resources Department and one as Chief Financial Officer. There is one female board member (out of 7).

92. In July 2019, the PIAC team conducted a gender awareness workshop titled Why does Gender Matter in the Utility Sector. This covered the rationale behind increasing gender equity within the development sector; addressing poverty alleviation, national economic benefits, and the disproportionate burdens of poor urban services. The workshop also explored global trends in the utility sector, and the benefits of shifting the balance. Relevant case studies were presented, demonstrating successes and the benefits to the workplace. The workshop discussed barriers to equity and steps to address these issues, particularly through training, broader cultural change, and workplace initiatives. A summary of the workshop is presented in Annex F.

5 CONSULTATION AND GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES

5.1 Information Disclosure, Consultation and Awareness

93. The project promoted meaningful public and stakeholder’s participation in consultations and focus groups, particularly during the design phase. A Community Participation / Gender Specialist was engaged from early October until end of December 2014, with a new Community Specialist engaged from 2014 – 2016. At the end of this contract, there was then a period without a specialist in this role, until recently in June 2019 when a new specialist was recruited. Whilst the critical phase of consultation was early in the project, it is of benefit to re-engage someone in this role during the current project phase. With a number of project delays and some community concerns about the project, it is important to maintain ongoing communications, and ensure that public discourse is based on accurate information.

94. Table 4 provides a summary of consultation and engagement activities. The key communication mechanisms have been public meetings and briefings with relevant bodies, newspaper advertisements and articles, and radio presentations.

Table 4: Summary of Consultation and Awareness Activities

Timeframe Consultation and Awareness Activities

Oct – Dec 2014 Dialogue with PPUC for public communication approach. Draft of Communication, Consultation and Participation Plan. First KASP update on radio. Communications materials for PSC and House of Traditional Leaders (HOTL).

KASP briefing for HOTL

Stakeholder discussions in Airai with national environmental specialist

Jan – Mar 2015 Community Awareness Working Program submitted to PMU March 2015.

Koror State Briefing

Airai State Briefing

Community awareness campaign on Fuel, Oil, Grease (FOG). Adds designed and placed in newspapers.

Meetings with Koror State to discuss public toilets

Radio announcements to explain topographic survey schedule


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Apr – Jun 2015 Public announcements to assist topographic survey works through ensuring communities know purpose of works and seeking assistance in controlling dogs.

Stakeholder meetings for location of public toilet facilities proposed for Bethlehem area

Jul – Sep 2015 Newspaper articles and public awareness advertisements published about the impact of disposing of fats, oils and grease (FOG) in the wastewater system, and how this relates to the incidence of sewer overflows.

Meeting with Ngarabras traditional men’s group to gain support for ongoing survey work and request grass cutting at Kesebelau

Radio and television program for first phase of project works at Malakal

Consultation meeting with EQPB on public toilet component

Consultation and information dissemination to Airai State Legislature members

Oct – Dec 2015 Ongoing stakeholder presentations on KASP, including presentations to Palau Chamber of Commerce and Koror House of Traditional Leaders.

Public announcements on radio for geo-tech drilling

FOG awareness campaign on radio with EQPB

Meetings with property owners and relevant authorities to assist in obtaining approval of borehole sites

Jan – Mar 2016 Stakeholder meeting with KSPLA to obtain approval for boreholes and discuss ongoing geotechnical survey works

Ongoing community awareness – FOG campaign. Radio and newspaper adds

Conducted presentation on KASP and ICB-01 to Koror State government officials, including Governor, legislators and key state government staff

Apr – Jun 2016 Finalized customer complaint protocol with PPUC

Jul – Sep 2016 Communication plan for addressing and reporting on complaints

Newspaper advertisements for 2nd Quarter public updates

Stakeholder presentation for members of Koror State legislature on treatment options.

Stakeholder meeting with JICA to discuss works under ICB01 and ICB02, and potential conflicts with JICA water project. Project coordination and communications.

Led community meeting to discuss water and wastewater rates

Oct – Dec 2016 Customer survey developed

Airai community meeting for information dissemination and project update

Jan 2017 – June 2019

Reduced resourcing for public awareness. PPUC continued with updates on radio, status reports to Congress, and media releases. Some challenges in communications due to uncertainty on completion timeframes

July 2019 National Community Awareness and Participation / Gender Specialist commences work. Communications strategy drafted. Plan to work closely with PPUC PR Department for remaining contract period

95. From 2017, communications were led by the public relations staff within PPUC. One of the challenges of this was ongoing construction delays. For example, PPUC would conduct a radio program outlining the disruptions (particularly with the road works), explaining any delays, and then outlining a timeframe for resolution. Then when the contractor did not meet the deadline,


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PPUC needed to go back to the public with a revised timeframe. This became difficult to manage, and communications with the public were reduced to avoid breaking commitments. Whilst this is understandable in the circumstance, the lack of communication (and ongoing issues with the road surface) has resulted in growing public dissatisfaction. There are also common misperceptions, such as blaming sewage overflows on the new system, despite the new infrastructure not being connected and operational.

96. Therefore it is timely for a renewed effort to communicate with the public. The PIAC National Community Awareness and Participation / Gender Specialist will work closely with. PPUC Public Relations staff to update the public on project progress, ongoing challenges, and proposed resolutions. The focus will also be on promoting the benefits of the new system.

97. A Communication Strategy has been developed for the next 6 month period (attached as Annex G). There are two main areas within the strategy: (i) informing the public about ongoing construction works and benefits of the improved system, and (ii) raising awareness about sanitation and hygiene, and the importance of everyone playing their part in making sure the wastewater system functions well.

5.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism

98. The National Community Participation / Gender Specialist worked with the PPUC to develop a customer service complaint protocol in line with the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for the project. A number of minor complaints were received by the PPUC, and resolved through discussions with the contractor. However, the record keeping for the resolution of these issues could be improved.

99. Within PPUC, there is a team that receives and documents any customer complaints. Records are kept on the types of complaints and resolution so that this can be tracked over time. Sewage complaints are minor compared to complaints received over power outages or billing. However, complaints about KASP are not received through this channel. Being a small population, complaints about the project are directed to senior PPUC management, board members, or staff associated with the project. These complaints are referred to the PMU.

100. Complaints received by the PMU are brought up at the weekly contractor meetings, with discussion on the best way to resolve the issue. Usually an official letter is provided on the issue, and once it has been addressed, the contractor provides a small report with pictures to the PPUC demonstrating how the problem was mitigated. If the issue cannot be resolved at this level, it is brought to the attention of the PMU Project Manager.

101. In any instances where complaints could not be resolved between the PMU and the contractor, they were brought to the PSC for further discussion. In particular this relates to siting of infrastructure at Long Island, and the lack of support for the SPS works near Palau Pacific Resort. In both of these instances, the proposed works were removed from the project scope, with ongoing dialogue in place to resolve the issues over the longer term .

102. The main ongoing complaint is in relation to the roadworks. With the delays in resurfacing the road under ICB-01 works, the potholes are worsening, and people complain about safety (with cars driving in the wrong lane to avoid potholes), wear and tear on vehicles, mud and dirt, and the poor impression for tourists. In response to complaints, remedial repairs are undertaken by the contractor, but these are often viewed as inadequate, and the delays have increased the frustration. The PMU is addressing the re-sealing works as an urgent issue, and communications with the public are a priority to assure people that the issue will be resolved.

103. The other complaint is about the perceived expense of the project, and the ongoing sewer overflows. It needs to be clearly communicated that the new system cannot be commissioned until all works are complete, and that any overflows are caused by the existing infrastructure to be replaced. Improved communications will be important to address this complaint. Increased understanding of the benefits of improved sanitation for a sustainable future are also important


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ongoing messages.

6 RESOURCING AND FINANCING

104. ADB funding approved for the project through Loans 3060-PAL and 3061(SF), amounted to approximately $28.660 million (based on the US dollar – Special Drawing Right (SDR) exchange. Based on the latest revision of the project cost estimates, this is approximately $9.633 million less than the current estimate of project cost (exclusive of taxes and duties, contingencies, and any land acquisition costs).

105. The project cost estimate is US$14.200 million (or 59%) higher than the cost estimate when the project was approved. The primary reasons for the cost over-run are: (i) the estimated cost of the Airai sewerage system has increased from $3.585 million (at project approval) to $10.506 million (mission estimate); the actual costs to rehabilitate the Koror sewerage system is $3.704 million (45.6%) higher than estimated at project approval; and (iii) the consulting services costs have increased by $0.680 million primarily due to service extensions as a consequence of the ICB-01, ICB-02, and ICB-03 implementation challenges.

106. Funding shortfalls and civil work contract delays led to constraints on resourcing. In order to ensure that sufficient funds were available for safeguards, compliance and monitoring tasks for the environment were tasked to PPUC, who have now supplied adequate resourcing for these tasks. Capacity building activities took place in July 2019 to ensure the staff can improve and sustain their monitoring processes as remaining works are completed.

107. In order to comply with special conditions of the EQPB permit for ICB-03, there are additional technical investigations to be funded. Additional funds are required for assessment of the existing outfall, investigation of projected measures to meet water quality standards, and additional reports for sludge management, laboratory capacity, and the updated EMP. The resourcing for this work has been requested through the PIAC contract variation currently under discussion.

108. The Government of Palau may request additional financing from the ADB to cover furtherl works required for full rehabilitation of the Koror-Airai sewage system. If additional financing is secured, the project scope will be updated. This additional work will capitalize on the progress already made, and ensure that the full benefits of improved sanitation are realized. The IEE work has already been completed for these works, but would require updating prior to the bidding process, with clear allocation of responsibilities for ongoing monitoring of environmental and social safeguards.

7 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

109. The PPUC as the PMU for the project, with support from the PIAC, monitored the implementation of the Construction Environmental Management Plans for each project component. This was undertaken as a part of day to day works supervision tasks, as well as through weekly and monthly contractor meetings and reporting processes.

110. Prior to any construction, the design of works, potential community disruptions, and environmental impacts were all analyzed and discussed to minimize public grievances and disruptions to services during the implementation phase.

111. In the initial years of the project, the documentation of environmental and social safeguard issues was of a high standard within monthly reports. However, as project delays went on, and these positions were no longer part of the PIAC team, the reporting became less rigorous and focused more on the engineering and financial aspects of the contracts. However, the quality of the contract supervision has been high, with continual monitoring and mitigation


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of environmental risks, health and safety management, and community dialogue undertaken throughout the project cycle.

112. In recent months, the monitoring and evaluation of environmental issues has again improved through the employment of an environmental specialist by PPUC.

113. One of the areas of improvement required is in the monitoring of the GAP. Even if some of the targets are not realistic, the implementation of the GAP still needs to be regularly monitored, with analysis of challenges or barriers to be acknowledged in the reporting. A GAP monitoring framework was developed, and the International Environment Specialist worked with the National Community Participation / Gender Specialist to review the GAP in July 2019. A further update will be provided in subsequent safeguard reports.


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8 PHOTOS

Aerial photograph of STP site

Early project consultation meeting Current treatment pond


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New SPS near completion SPS under construction

Soil management at SPS construction site Waste management at SPS construction site

Existing public toilet at Park (to be upgraded) Completed work but road requires re-sealing (potholes recently repaired)


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PPUC wastewater team after unblocking old sewer main

Sewer overflow within old system

Stockpiles and waste at STP construction site Muddy conditions at STP construction site

EQPB public notice at popular swimming spot PPUC public notice at popular swimming spot


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Gender awareness workshop Gender awareness workshop

Gender workshop – identifying pathways to improve gender balance

Gender workshop – identifying pathways to improve gender balance


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ANNEX A: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORTS (PPUC)

Environmental Performance and Compliance Report

Purpose: This document is an environmental performance and compliance report of contractors that are working with and/or for the Palau Public Utilities Corporation. Its goal is to collect useful and mandatory information for management and reporting. This report will be completed each month. Report Preparer: David Bai – Environmental Safeguard Officer Reporting Period: January 1-31 2019 Project: KASP

Item No.

Site Date

M/D/Year Picture

Hyperlink Comments Status

1. ICB-01 01/02/2019 Compaction

Compaction near the thrust block at ICB-03 which is in ICB-01 scope of work has not been compacted. Resulting in replacement of silt fence due to increased build up and bulging.

I have not seen any sign of compaction. Last inspection: 01/30/2019

2. ICB-01 01/02/2019 Silt Fence Installation

Silt fence that was replaced near thrust block was not properly trenched. I sent my recommendations in on 01/04/2019 to Progetti.

Follow up inspection on 01/30/2019 – Silt fence still in same condition.

3. ICB-03 01/04/2019 Silt Fence Installation

Silt Fence on the entrance to treatment plant was not properly installed. Recommendations were sent in.

Rectified on 01/07/2019

4. ICB-03 01/04/2019 Exposed Soil

Stockpile

Soil on the entrance of ICB-03 was exposed and susceptible to runoff. Advised Earl from PEP to either remove soil or cover to avoid runoff and tracked dirt.

Rectified on 01/07/2019

5. ICB-01 01/18/2019 Ditch/

Material

From ICB-03 Malakal to WCTC Mini Mart. Backfill material in trenches are not remaining in place due to lack of maintenance from contractors. Material has spread outside work area and onto ditches. In addition, material has started to damage the adjacent asphalt.

No change. Last addressed email was on December 17, 2018. Last Inspection was on 01/30/2019

6. PCC/

Bank of Guam

1/30/2019 Pipe Leak

When it was discovered that there was a leak, PEP/FDIC proceeded to dig. When I inspected the site I noticed that they were proactive in their runoff and sediment control. Sand bags were placed near the ditch to filter “silty” water before they started digging. The 3 layers of


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sandbags provided adequate filtering.

Item No.

Site Pictures

1.

2.

Existing Condition


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3.

4.

Before

After


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5.

6.


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Environmental Performance and Compliance Report Purpose: This document is an environmental performance and compliance report of contractors that are working with and/or for the Palau Public Utilities Corporation. Its goal is to collect useful and mandatory information for management and reporting. This report will be completed at the end of each month. Report Preparer: David Bai – Environmental Safeguard Officer Reporting Period: February 01-28, 2019 Project: KASP

Item No.

Site Date

MM/DD/Year Picture


1. ICB-01

01/02/2019 Compaction

Compaction near the thrust block at ICB-03 which is in ICB-01 scope of work has not been compacted. Resulting in replacement of silt fence due to increased build up and bulging. Update: Due to compaction works not being done, vegetation has covered the loose soil around the thrust block area. At this point it is best to leave it as is.

Email sent to Progetti on 01.03.2019

2. ICB-01

01/02/2019 Silt Fence Installation

Silt fence that was replaced near thrust block was not properly trenched. I sent my recommendations in on 01/04/2019 to Progetti.

Last month’s inspection 01/30/2019 – Silt fence still in same condition. Last Inspection 02/28/2019

3. ICB-01

Initial Date: 01/18/2019

Followed up

on: 02/08/2019

Cleanup and Maintenance

From ICB-03 Malakal to WCTC Mini Mart. Backfill material in trenches are very loose and potholes are increasing in size. Material has spread outside work area and onto ditches. In addition, material has started to damage the adjacent asphalt.

Minor maintenance work on 02/11/2019. Email with recommendations sent to Progetti regarding compaction of fill material.

4. ICB-

01 02/11/2019

Sandbag At SPS1

SPS1 at ICB-01. Sea water infiltrating the excavation for SPS1 was being pumped back out along with all the silt from coral aggregates into the ditch/stormdrain. I advised Progetti workers to replace used cement sandbags to better filter the silty water. Email was sent to Giacomo the next day.

Follow up inspection on 02/15/2019 showed that the problem was corrected.


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5. ICB-02

02/07/2019 Excavation Equipment

PEP’s excavation equipment (Excavator, Roofing, Sand Bags, Fill Material) have been left on the side of the road. PEP should clean up after excavation works are done and not left on the side of the road. Email and text messages to Edgar was sent on 02/08/2019

Excavator was removed on 02/14/2019

Item No.

Site Pictures

1.

2.

12.17.2018

03.01.201

01.04.201 03.01.201


31

3.

4.

5.

Before

After

Clear Water

After


32

Environmental Performance and Compliance Report

Purpose: This document is an environmental performance and compliance report of contractors that are working with and/or for the Palau Public Utilities Corporation. Its goal is to collect useful and mandatory information for management and reporting. This report will be completed each month. Report Preparer: David Bai – Environmental Safeguard Officer Reporting Period: May 1-30, 2019 Project: KASP

Item No.

Site Date

MM/DD/Year Picture


1. ICB-03

05/03/2019 Mud on

Site

Access road and project site is very muddy therefore trucks are tracking mud onto the road. Earl was informed about this during the ICB-03 meeting. Their solution is to wash the tires of their trucks to prevent tracking.

Road is still muddy during rainy days but so far, the access road has been clean.

2. ICB-01

05/20/2019 Sediments

Due to lose gravel/fill material and lack of maintenance, sediments and gravel from the trenches have eroded onto the ditch.

Ditch were not cleaned and it seems that they have accumulated within just ten days. May 30, 2019: Maintenance still on-going.

3. ICB-03

05/24/2019 Oil Leak

The bobcat that was on site was leaking oil and was not moved nor was a drip pan placed beneath the bobcat.

This was a minor oil leak but I instructed Earl Bidos to make sure that oil leaks from trucks are properly dealt with and collected instead being left to be drained empty on site.

4. ICB-01

5/29/2019 Potholes

Potholes along ICB-01 were getting to big and gravel are all over the place that it is damaging the existing asphalt and entering the ditch.

Email was sent on May 24, 2019 and Progetti began working on them May 29, 2019. Repair works are ongoing.

5. ICB-02

5/29/2019 Potholes

Potholes along ICB-02 were getting to big and gravel are all over the place that it is damaging the existing asphalt and entering the ditch. The gravel in the trenches are very lose that they have spread onto the ditch of the opposite lane.

Email were sent on May 20, 2019 and again on May 29 because there has been no works.


33

Item No.

Site Pictures

1.

2.

May 20, 2019 May 30, 2019


34

3.

4.

May 24, 2019 May 29, 2019

35

ANNEX B: ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED

Project Activity

and Impacts

Mitigation Measures Proposed in EMP Monitoring of Actual Measures Implemented

Proposed Measures and Actions Responsible Timing to

Implement

Parameter to

monitor

DESIGN / PRE CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Project disclosure 1. Submit ADB-approved IEE to EQPB for approval as per the National Environmental Protection Act (accepted by EQPB 19 July 2012).

2. Obtain leases, easements, and development consent for all subproject infrastructure works

3. PMU will pass the EMP to the PIAC for incorporating mitigation measures into the detailed designs. The EMP will be updated at the end of the detailed design, and included in bid documents.

4. The PMU (PPUC) and PIAC will prepare specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions, and (iii) the full IEE report for compliance.

5. Implement plan for Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) as described in the IEE and inclusion of the GRM in tender documents

1 to 2: PPUC

3: PMU / PIAC

4: PPUC / PIAC

5. PPUC / PIAC

1 and 2

Immediate. 3, 4,

5:

During tender

preparation

Environmental

approval for

the Project

obtained from

EQPB

Leases,

easements,

consent

obtained from

landowners,

Koror State

Government,

Airai State

Government

Complete check of items 1 to 5.

1. PPUC submitted ADB approved IEE to EQPB for approval. EQPB granted approval July 2012

2. All land required for works was selected for technical design reasons as well as avoidance of land issues. The sewage system upgraded pipelines were constructed within the road reserve. The STP is on the land of the existing treatment site. SPS siting occurred on land where no issues arose. All development consents required were obtained by PPUC.

3. EMPs were updated, and included in bidding documents for ICB-01, ICB-02 and ICB-03

4. Clear environmental requirements were included in all bid packages with full IEE report included for compliance.

5. The GRM as outlined in the IEE was in tender documents and in place during implementation. However the channels were not utilized in the way outlined where grievances were to be brought through the local level village committee. In a small island context, it is widely known who the key people are within the PMU, and complaints were directed to known project staff or PPUC management. Complaints were compiled and discussed at weekly progress meetings. When not resolved, an official letter was provided to Contractor with remediation actions required. The Contractors had to report back and demonstrate compliance. If not resolved

Environmental capacity development

1. PMU designates project Environmental Manager. EQPB designates oversight personnel.

2. IES/NES to train PPUC and contractor in implementation of EMP as well as general training in ADB safeguards

1: PMU/EQPB

2: PIAC

3: PIAC, PMU,

Initiate during

procurement period and continue throughout project construction

1.ADB loan covenants

1. PMU did not provide a project Environmental Manager until later in the project, thus reducing opportunity for capacity building. However, Environmental Manager appointed 2018. In initial project stages, PIAC team included environmental specialist. EQPB designated oversight personnel.

2. IES providing capacity building to PPUC in 2015/16, with follow up capacity building in 2019. Contractors provided with briefing on EMP provisions at start of works.

36

requirements to build capacity of environmental management. Workshops and on-the-job training to be used.

Conduct contractor personnel orientation on EMP provisions.

contractor 2. PIAC

progress

reports to ADB

EPC tender documents and reporting during construction.

EMP Implementation

1. EMP is included in EPC tender documents to ensure that mitigation measures are budgeted

2. Contractor will hire qualified staff to oversee implementation of environmental and safety measures specified in the EMP

3. Contractor to submit CEMP, addressing environmental management and monitoring for all construction activities, for approval by PMU/PIAC. CEMP will incorporate recommendations from the Palau Erosion and Sediment Control Field Guide (available from EQPB).

1: PMU/PIAC

2: Contractor

3: Contractor

1: Bid preparation

2: Prior to start of

construction

1: Inclusion in

bid documents.

2, 3: Contractor compliance

1. EMP included in bid documents

2. For ICB-01, all sub-contractors were required to name designated persons to oversee relevant CEMP conditions. The same applied for ICB-02 and ICB-03. Safety compliance has been good. One ICB-01 sub-contract for electro-mechanical works ended up needing recruitment from oversees to ensure the workers were certified in professional areas of electrical and welding works (ensuring high safety standards).

3. CEMPs submitted for the three contracts. CEMPs all contained provisions to contain sediments and prevent erosion. All CEMPs approved by PMU / PIAC

Climate change adaptation measures considered and incorporated into design

1. Consideration of storm surge, sea level rise, and proximity of infrastructure to shoreline, incorporated into design criteria.

PMU/PIAC EPC tender

document

preparation

1.Project design specifications in bid documents

2.EPC contractor's detailed design

1. Climate change considerations were incorporated into detailed design,

including within the contractors design for the STP.

Construction permits

1. EQPB permits obtained for earthmoving, point source discharge in marine waters

2. Historic Preservation Office approval obtained

3. Koror / Airai State Building/ Zoning approval

EPC contractor Before start of

construction

Contractor documents

1. EPQB granted all relevant permissions prior to works

2. No disturbance of cultural artefacts. All necessary approvals obtained

3. All necessary approvals obtained

Ecological Impacts

37

Terrestrial Ecology 1. Avoid and/or minimize the requirement for disturbance of surface soils in the design phase.

PMU/PIAC and EPC contractor

Bid preparation and EPC detailed design

Bid documents

and EPC

detailed

design.

1. Majority of pipelines are designed along footprint of existing lines and

within road reserve. Alternative pipe routes not selected due to

greater ecological impacts.

Marine Ecology 1. Avoid and/or minimize impacts from erosion and sedimentation to the lagoon marine ecology

PMU/PIAC and EPC contractor

Bid preparation and EPC detailed design

Bid documents

and EPC

detailed

design.

1. Works not being undertaken in vicinity of lagoon marine systems with

design choice within road area viewed as a better environmental

option than some alternative proposals considered. STP placement

near existing plant, and has measures in place within EMP to reduce

risk of site run-off

Socio-economic Impacts

Land acquisition / Resettlement

1. Leases and easements obtained by PPUC for all utility corridors and facilities

2. Households whose property is affected in order to provide access for installation of sewer lines/pump stations agree in advance of any works, and are compensated in kind by renewing or replacing any damaged assets at a standard at least as high, and preferably higher, than the assets’ condition before the project.

1, 2: PPUC and EPC contractor

EPC detailed

design stage 1, 2.Project design specifications in bid documents and EPC contractor's detailed civil design

1. All leases and easement obtained

2. Close negotiation with all property owners, particularly during times

when access was temporarily blocked. PPUC staff liaised with Koror

State and affected persons. Notifications were sent to HHs, followed by

resolution of any issues. No compensation required.

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Physical Impacts

Climate change /Air quality impacts

1. Construction vehicles, equipment, and generators will be serviced regularly to reduce emissions.

EPC contractor Duration of

construction

Check contractor's service records

1. Under all 3 contracts, all plant and equipment was leased from a

reputable third party. Service requirements were met as a part of the

contract arrangement. Plant and machinery in relatively new condition

so no issues with vehicle emissions.

Water quality impacts from earthworks

1. Use of sediment retention ponds, siltation fencing, berms, and sandbags around excavations to restrict the release of sediment from the construction site

2. Monitor water quality for near shore waters adjacent to land base earthworks

3. Immediately revegetate and/or stabilize exposed surfaces and stockpiles of excavated materials

4. Excess fill and pavement material transported to M-Dock landfill for waste cover


construction

Inspect implementation of all measures

1. Siltation fencing used to restrict sedimentation. Some sand bagging

used when required at sites. Silt curtain installed in area where

wastewater was entering ocean.

2. No hazardous materials or oils etc stored on any works sites,

minimizing risk of water quality impacts. Contractors were required to

install sediment trap where water was flowing into marine environment.

EQPB requires stormwater emptied into drains directly from

construction sites must have sedimentation basins. This stipulation

was complied with following monitoring inspections.

38

3. There was one incident of a fence failing due to soil subsidence in the

area. Vegetation was used to contain the soil from further slippage.

4. Majority of fill reused on site. None went to landfill. 80-90% was

returned to trench once work complete. Remaining soil stockpiled in

quarry as an approved stockpile site utilized by sub-contractors

Waste storage and disposal

1. Contactor will prepare a Waste Management Plan (WMP) as part of the CEMP to cover waste disposal procedures, and spill cleanup plan

2. Multi-compartment collection bins will be provided by the Contractor for waste segregation and subsequent reuse and recycling

3. Burning of construction waste will be prohibited

4. Solid waste will be collected from the work sites on regular basis and disposed at the M-Dock landfill.

5. Any asbestos concrete pipe disposal will be supervised by a competent person, trained in asbestos abatement, and follow best practices

1: EPC contractor will include the WMP in the CEMP; to be approved by PMU/PIAC, prior to start of construction

1: Prior to

start of

construction

Inspect implementation of 1-4

Inspect 5- asbestos abatement measures compliance

1. Each CEMP contained plan and procedures for waste disposal and

spill clean up plans.

2. Bins provided on all work sites . In Palau there is a deposit refund

scheme for all bottles and cans. Contractors and workers keep aside

for collectors from informal sector.

3. No burning of waste occurred

4. Solid waste was collected regularly and disposed of at M-Dock landfill.

5. Document produced on asbestos management. PPE including

appropriate respiratory protection was worn. Disposal of any asbestos

pipe was in situ with wrapping and burial within excavation trench. Site

staff were trained and supervised to ensure safe practices.

Hazardous waste handling and disposal

1. Hydrocarbons and toxic material will be stored in adequately protected sites consistent with international best practices to prevent soil and water contamination.

2. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations.

3. Segregate hazardous wastes (oily wastes, used batteries, fuel drums) and ensure that storage, transport and disposal shall not cause pollution and shall be undertaken consistent with international best practice.

4. Ensure all storage containers are in good condition with proper labeling.

5. Regularly check containers for leakage and undertake necessary repair or replacement.


construction

Inspect implementation of 1-9

1. With plant and machinery leasing arrangements, re-fuelling and oil took

place off-site in sub-contractor’s facilities. This negated the need or any

on site storage of hydro-carbons. At contractor depot, best practices are

in place to minimize risk from spillage. 1 for 1 exchange for

breakdowns.

2. No hazardous materials stored on site. Off site storage at sub-

contractor depot met requirements.

3. As above

4. As above

5. As above

6. As above

39

6. Store hazardous materials above possible flood level

7. Discharge of oil contaminated water shall be prohibited.

8. Used oil and other toxic and hazardous materials shall be disposed of off-site at a facility authorized by permit, or safely transported off island to a authorized facility.

9. Ensure availability of spill clean-up materials (e.g. absorbent pads, etc.) specifically designed for petroleum products and other hazardous substances where such materials are being stored.

7. No oil contaminated water was discharged

8. Proper disposal practices followed by sub-contractor

9. Sand spill kits on site in case of burst hose or minor incident during

refueling

Ecological Impacts

Terrestrial ecology impacts

1. Prohibition of burning vegetation and residual bushes and grasses when clearing planting sites,

2. Only cutting flora which are a direct obstacle to Project infrastructure works.

3. All vessels carrying equipment and materials for the Project will be subject to inspection by agriculture quarantine inspectors


construction


1. No burning of vegetation occurred

2. Only minor land clearance required

3. No additional equipment brought in from overseas – based with local

sub-contractor who imported new equipment and complied with all

regulations

Marine ecology impacts

1. All land-based work close to the high water line, must ensure minimal disturbance of surface soils and containment of runoff.


construction


1. Excavation work undertaken section by section to minimize disruptions

and soil disturbance. Land cutting removed minimal amount of soil

possible

Socio-economic Impacts

Construction camps, offices, laydown areas impacts

1. Laydown areas are established within PPUC facilities, or agreed to areas outside

2. Workforce accommodations and office facilities utilize PPUC facilities or rental properties

3. Camps are provided with sufficient potable water, shower and toilet facilities (designated male and female)

4. The use of local labor to the greatest extent possible

5. All sites utilized for contractor facilities are restored to the landowner’s satisfaction at

1-6: EPC contractor; to be approved by PMU/PIAC

1-5: Prior to

start of

construction

6: post

construction

1-5:Inspect all facilities

6: assure proper restoration post construction

1. Laydown areas established on work sites with PPUC agreement

2. Contractors utilized their own office infrastructure

3. No camps required. Each major work site provided a portable toilet

facility for staff. No females were in construction crews

4. This condition challenging to comply with. Both contractors have main

offices and technical staff based overseas (Italy and New Zealand).

Local labor used where possible, but needed to be supplemented with

40

end of project. Site cleanup will be inspected and approved by PPUC’s Environmental Manager.

laborers from Philippines and Bangladesh. Labor was arranged by

sub-contractor who brought in additional labor through their normal

channels.

5. To be completed at end of project

Worker health and safety

1. Contractor prepared Health and Safety Plan, including an Activity Hazard Analysis, approved by PMU Environmental Manager and the PIAC

2. Contractor appoints a competent person as safety manager, supervising all health and safety matters

3. Contractor safety manager conducts initial worker training and review of AHA. Weekly safety meetings are conducted through the duration of project

4. All workers provided with appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), as issued by the safety manager. The safety manager trains all workers in the proper use of PPE

1-4: EPC contractor, to be approved by PMU/PIAC

1, 2: prior to

start of

construction

3, 4: duration

of

construction

3, 4: inspect implementation

1. Health and Safety Plans incorporated into CEMPs for ICB-01, 02 and

03. All approved by PMU and PIAC. For ICB-03, a HAZOP Report was

produced to identify hazards and operational problems for once the

plant is commissioned.

2. Contractors appointed persons with health and safety responsibilities.

3. Initial safety briefings provided to all staff. Weekly toolbox meetings

conducted throughout contract periods, with safety major focus. OH&S

systems required good supervision, particularly of sub-contractors.

Were some issues and gaps identified, but these were addressed

promptly. Safety incorporated into DAILY INSPECTIONS. High level

works at least every couple of hours or have someone on site to

supervise.

4. Supply and use of PPE was satisfactory for all contracts

Community safety 1. Contractor traffic safety plan, included in the HSP, and approved by PPUC and Public Safety.

2. Full time traffic control personnel at all work sites

3. Restricted and controlled work site access

EPC contractor, to be approved by PPUC and Bureau of Public Safety

Duration of

construction

2,3: inspect implementation

1. Contractors provided traffic safety plans approved by PPUC and Public

Works

2. Full time traffic control staff employed, particularly for works within road

reserve

3. The STP site and the SPS sites are all fenced off with no access to the

general public. For works completed on the road, traffic personnel

ensure access is restricted

Noise impacts 1. Construction vehicles and equipment comply with international standards for noise emissions

2. Vehicles and equipment are maintained in good working order

3. Construction noise barriers are erected where necessary

4. Construction works should be restricted outside the hours 07:00 and 18:00, with the exception of Minato Bashi bridge night time works, or as agreed based on consultation


construction

1-5: inspect implementation

1. No issues with noise emissions. Vehicles and equipment in new or

near new condition

2. Maintained by sub-contractor as part of agreement

3. Not required

4. .Near public areas – low noise works. Where high noise works SPS

sites and STP, no close neighbors. Some works were done overnight

when by-passing current systems and needing to do work at low water

flow time. Otherwise 7.00 to 18.00 for construction works.

5. No complaints received for nosie levels

41

with the community, Bureau of Public Safety, and EQPB

5. The contractor safety manager will monitor noise levels at all work sites and document any complaints from residents, following the GRM, then take remedial action

Fugitive dust impacts

1. Roads used by contractor, and work sites, regularly cleaned of dust and sand.

2. Trucks hauling cut/fill materials are covered with tarps


construction

1,2: inspect implementation

1. Dust was not a significant issue, with mud more of a problem. Washing

down of tires undertaken when required to ensure mud did not leave

work sites. Vehicles don’t go into the working areas on SPS

construction sites, avoiding spread of mud. During trench digging,

excavated materials placed straight into truck to minimize spread of

mud.

2. Cur/fill materials covered with tarps during haulage.

ANNEX C: EQPB PERMIT FOR ICB-03 – SPECIAL CONDITIONS TO BE MET

Special Cond

No EQPB Requirements Current Status

41 Application for pollution discharge permit

This pollution discharge permit will be applied for once

all the documentation is in place from outstanding issues

42 Mixing zone study using USEPA method

Wolanski report was commissioned and partly paid for

by PICRIC (scientific office) + contribution PPUC $3000.

Dr Wolanski had written much earlier report for original

outfall so PICRIC/PPUC thought good idea to update this

earlier version. However, the report is adverse and non

conclusive re the solutions. The current plan of

wastewater with no disinfection, and using existing

outfall for disposal, is not viewed favourably. Need to

undertake further analysis of data, and use this as a basis

for technical solution

43 Application to EQPB -

43.1

Description of the waste to be discharged,

including flow rate, pollutant types and

quantities (concentration).

Egis assessment study - wastewater flow and

characteristics study. Have this data – needs to be

summarized and presented to EQPB

43.2

Design of outfall / discharge pipe, location

of discharge and description of disposal

method (eg outfall size, no and type of

diffusers etc).

Review of current design based in light of outfall study

recommendations. Provide details in report to EQPB

43.3

Mixing zone details (est size, location and

water quality metrics within and outside

mixing zone). As per no 42

43.4

Evidence that concentration of toxic

substances will not violate quality

standards for toxic substances

Summary report for EQPB to be. Written based on

design report and analysis in comparison to water

quality standards

43.5

Certification for each substance identified

in regulations that after initial mixing the

substance concentration will not exceed

applicable standard As above

43.6

Evidence that basic water quality standards

(section 2401-11-10 through to 2401-11-

16) will not be violated beyond mixing zone

(2401-11-10 refers to microbiological

standard of receiving body of water)

As above but needs to be informed by mixing study to be

commissioned as part of outfall study

43.7

Mixing zone defined under conditions of

tide, wind, runoff, density stratification and

discharge to result in the minimum dilution

Already have some data from Dr Wolanski report. Need

to build on this data to provide this information to EQPB

43.8

Technical justification of why mixing zone

should be permitted. In case zone cannot

accommodate without environmental or

public health impacts, full or partial

disinfection may be required to reduce size

of mixing zone.

This needs to be informed by additional study on mixing

zone

44

Request submitted to EQPB to reclassify

discharge point and mixing zone Maybe not needed - clarify with EQPB

45 Submit updated EMP for approval Review and update

46

Submit updated Environmental Monitoring

Program/Plan for approval. Other than

parameters specified in IEE, monitoring

plan will include:

* treatment plant efficiency

* effluent discharge monitoring during

commissioning and operations

* water quality within mixing zone and

outside mixing zone

* Sludge storage and disposal

PPUC do have capacity to implement discharge

monitoring (in addition to the laboratory monitoring of

discharge as per operational procedures for STP).

Propose monthly marine monitoring for first 4 months,

and quarterly if no issues arise. Will also need to

summarize the tests proposed from the STP lab and

what the reporting requirements will be.

47

Baseline study for discharge location,

covering (a) tide and flow circulation

pattern, (b) ambient water quality, (c)

marine assessment Part of outfall / environmental study

48

Impact assessment and mitigating

measures for the laying of new pipe outfall

N/A at this stage – proposal is for existing outfall in short

term

49

Mitigation measures for potential impacts

to marine ecology from new outfall

N/A at this stage – proposal is for existing outfall in short

term

50

Information on technical capacity of the

proposed laboratory Summary document to be provided to EQPB

51

Sludge management plan (storage and

disposal)

PPUC have letters from Koror State SWM. Planning a

biogas plant and if this goes ahead, they will take sludge

as an input material. However, the timing will be after

STP commissioning, so need an intermediate solution.

PPUC also has a letter for de-watered sludge to be

received at the landfill operated by Koror State (Fukuoka

method landfill). Once the schedule is determined, the

plan is landfill operators to excavate and immediately

bury the sludge to ensure odour control. Have excavator

on site. A new landfill is under construction in Aimeliik,

projected to open Aug/ Sept next year. Plan to be

written and submitted to EQPB

52

Operation and maintenance plan for STP,

identifying training and qualified staff

necessary to properly manage sewage

collection and treatment facilities In existing documents

53 Contingency Plan for operation of new STP Clarify with EQPB what this needs to cover

54

Use of existing outfall subject to following

conditions -

* address internal pressure from STP to

outfall with elevation head of approx 20 m.

* Show proposed plan of pipe connections

from discharge point of STP to outfall

* Technical investigation of existing

outfall structure, including flow test,

internal inspection and dye test,

submitting results within 15 days

* EPQB will make a decision on the basis

of this report, how long the existing outfall

can be used Outfall / environmental study to be commissioned

55

Approval from landfill for the disposal of

sludge PPUC have written approval

56

Hazardous and toxic materials

management plan for STP operations -

procedures for handling, use and storage;

and provisions for reuse, recycling and

disposal of excess chemicals and wastes.

Non-toxic products shall be proposed for

Minor hazardous materials expected - laboratory

chemicals. Will document and provide MSDS. Process

chemicals - polymers will be used to coagulate the

sludges prior to belt press. Not toxic, but it is hazardous

from safety perspective. Spills create a hazard, but no

environmental hazards. Plan to be written and

submitted.

cleaning, operation and maintenance as far

as practical

57

Submission of actual performance data

within a month of commissioning -

wastewater sampling and analysis for

every stage of treatment process. Influent,

effluent from each SBR tank, and final

effluent prior to discharge. Parameters for

testing - pH, BOD, TSS, Total N, Total P,

fecal coliform, enterococci count. To be completed post- commissioning

July

Draft letter for PMU outlining proposed

timeframe to address issues and methods.

Also provide justification of delays. To be

submitted by PPUC to EQPB

Locate relevant data from bidding /

contract and design documents

TOR for outfall / environmental study.

Request for Quotation process

August

outfall / environmental study

Prepare all documents to meet special

conditions, ready to submit to EQPB once

the outfall / environmental study report is

in.

September

Completion of outfall / environmental

study. Permit applications, and updated

plans required under special conditions of

permit

Outfall / environmental study

Submissions, plans to be written

Applications

To be clarified. May not be relevant

ANNEX D: WATER QUALITY DATA FOR AIRAI

Water Testing Report for Airai Drainage Stream for Proposed Airai

Treatment Facility

1 Summary: The Kesebelau community in Ked Hamlet of Airai is a relatively large and recent residential area. Prior to the housing community there were only a few houses located in that area. Furthermore, the Airai Landfill is located within the residential area. These factors have contributed to environmental pressure on the local Ked watershed area that drains in to the Irai mangrove/sandflat ecosystem that is located in an Airai PAN site. With this in mind, as well as the fact that the Airai populations is expanding, a sewer treatment facility and system has been planned for the Kesebelau community, that may be able to serve the entire Airai community in time. In order to measure the environmental pressures and get baseline data on the health of the watershed a monthly testing at select sites was set in motion, starting March 2016. All tests have been done at EQPB laboratory by certified laboratory staff. Site collections were initiated during a severe drought and continued in order to look at environmental factors that might influence water quality. Measurements for March, pre-drought, show high bacteria contamination in areas closer to inhabited areas and further down near the mangrove areas; the next month, further in to the drought, showed lower bacterial levels at most of the sampling sites, most likely due to lower drainage from septic tanks in the Kesebelau village areas. There was no flow at any of the stream sites, besides the tide shifts at the site near the mangrove. Flow has increased post drought, with the rainfall, and areas closer to where septic tanks are situated have seen a marked increase in bacterial counts. There is a direct correlation between rainfall levels and fecal coliform levels AND there is a need for immediate remediation.

2 Purpose In order to determine the effectiveness of a new wastewater treatment system in Kesebelau, it is necessary to measure water quality of stream/draining watershed area where the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) will be placed before, during development and after the opening of the new WTP. The water quality measurements will be used to determine what treatment process is needed for the future from the treatment facility and if in fact, the stream will be able to handle the treatment water from the facility. These results will directly affect the design of the Airai (WTP). Furthermore, the data will be used to support the claim that runoff pollutants in fact affect the area and sewer treatment is needed. Lastly, this baseline data can be used as comparison for future testing pre-Airai (WTP) and during operation to monitor effectiveness.

3 Dates and Tides (for sampling): Date Tidal conditions Low/High Tide High/Low Tide

19-Mar-16 Outgoing (slack) tide High Tide (4.6) at 05:19 Low Tide (2.3) at 11:10

17-Apr-16 Outgoing (slack) tide High Tide (4.8) at 04:31 Low Tide (2.3) at 10:46

24-Jun-16 High to outgoing tide High Tide (6.1) at 09:20 Low Tide (0.5) at 16:12

16-Jul-16 Outgoing (slack) tide High Tide (5.2) at 03:59 Low Tide (1.3) at 11:24

23-Nov-16 Early incoming tide (slack tides)

Low tide (2.3) 08:50 High Tide (5.3) at 15:23

18-Dec-16 High incoming tide Low tide (0.5) 04:23 High Tide (5.8) 10:39

21-Jan-17 Incoming tide (slack tide)

Low tide (2.5) 07:28 High Tide (4.9) 13:43

25-Feb-17 Early Outgoing tide High Tide (5.1) 07:09 Low Tide (1.8) 13:09

19-Mar-17 Outgoing (slack) tide Low tide (2.4) 05:04 High Tide (5.2) 11:04

22-Apr-17 Outgoing (slack) tide High Tide (4.76) 4:08 Low Tide (1.48) 10:54

15-May-17 Incoming tide (slack tide)

Low Tide (2.67) 03.39 High Tide (5.25) 10:33

3-Jun-17 Outgoing (slack) tide High Tide (5.22) 02:30 Low Tide (1.93) 09:14

4 Testing Locations Four sites in Kesebelau have been designated as testing sites, Figure 1 shows the sample site locations and UTM coordinates.

Figure 4: Water Quality Testing Locations

TA Sample Site 1 was dry during April testing, so the above area was tested, located directly downstream (approximately 2m). Future tests should go to the coordinates given in Figure 1 and if there is no water, travel downstream until there is enough water to sample.

Figure 5: Sample Site 1

TA Sample Site 2 is a joint tributary. A new farm started north of the tributary

Figure 6: Sample Site 2

Figure 7: Downstream site now site 3.

Sample Site 3; is located directly downstream of proposed site had increased flow during the rainy season

Figure 8: Sample Site 4.

TA Sample Site 4 should only be tested on outgoing/lower tide if possible to ensure water quality is not diluted by seawater.

5 Water Quality Tests

5.1 Materials and Methods.

Eight different tests were conducted to monitor water quality: E. coli on IDEXX Colilert®; Turbidity (NTU) on HACH® 2100P Turbidimeter; and Temperature (˚C), Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L), pH, Salinity (PPT), TDS (g/L), and Conductivity (Ms/L) on YSI® 556 (March) and Orion®

142 Multiprobe meters. Further information on methods is available in Appendix 1. The Reactive Phosphate AND Nitrogen was measured with HACH Method 8048 (Standard Method 4500-9, and read on Spectrophotometer. Further tests had been requested such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), but could be measured at a further juncture when facility is operational and has its own laboratory capacity. Lastly, it may be important to measure flow during heavy rainfall and non-rainfall periods to see what kind of volume mixing should be assessed. In the two drought testing periods there was nearly 0 flow (observation only), however during June and July (2016) testing there was increased flow, however flow measurements were not conducted and may be useful to see maximum and minimum flow for the stream in order to see how much it will be affected if treated effluent was added (volume mixing). Data was compiled as follows: 1. Average rainfall: ((day of sampling + sum of 2 previous days)/3) 2. Rainfall daily: Rainfall day of sampling 3. Statistical Analysis was done Using R: Script in Appendix 3. The same field-testing agent performed sampling at outgoing tide for all samples dates. The only variability would be that there was a different multi-probe instrument used for in testing some of the parameters. Probably, the most important test for the purposes of measuring baseline data was E. coli, or bacteria from fecal materials, because the river is currently impaired from septic tanks that are improperly maintained or heavily saturated soils due to increased populations. In addition, the current testing will set the baseline data to review when developing a treatment methodology for new Airai Treatment Facility and for comparison during operation. Turbidity and Conductivity are also good indicators of stream health because they measure the amount of sediments in the water as well as dissolved mineral content. Nutrients levels are good measures of pollution from septic tanks and will help determine the effectiveness of a new sewage treatment system. Phosphate is naturally occurring but is also release in human waste, fertilizers, etc. and high levels indicate point source pollution.

5.2 Results

The four sites have been sampled twice during the drought, on March 19 and April 17, 2016 and all the rest of the ten other testing points were during non-drought conditions (rainfall from Palau-based NOAA Weather Station). Table 1 (Appendix) shows the data collected from these days. Official documented results and methods from EQPB are shown in Appendix 1 (downstream site (March) and site 3 (April) are the same sites as they were tested in a different order during testing). In the table below TA4 is located near the mangroves further downstream (refer to Figure 1). Sample site 3 was adjacent a homestead with aggravated dogs that pose a threat to testing so some testing was aborted due to hazardous conditions.

Figure 9: Left side shows coliform by average rainfall; right figures show coliform by daily rainfall*.

*Majority of rainfall (drought was persistent until rainfall in late April (after April 20).

Results show non-chronological analysis values of rainfall to coliform colony counts. After the drought sampling from the sites shows a much higher E. coli number.

An analysis of variance (above), shows p-value between sites of 0.307, that shows there is no statistical difference between average coliform colony values, however, the value shows there is 70% variability between sites. In order to fine where the majority of variance is we also look between sites with TukeyHSD; and these results show that: 1vs2; 3vs1; 3vs2 are very similar in average values while the all values that include site 4 are variable; meaning that site 4 average value shows most variability. When looking at average values we see that site in fact TA4 shows the most coliform while all the other sites show relatively the same values. That being said, the counts are high at all sites. Table 1. Average coliform colony counts per site and boxplot of results.

TA1 TA2 TA3 TA4

1043.50 1146.58 955.83 1596.67

TA1 TA2 TA3 TA4

05

00

100

01

50

020

00

25

00

300

0

Analysis of variability in testing at sites was also done and the results are in appendix 3; basically results show statistically significant differences per daily rainfall but do not show much difference by average rainfall except site 3 (probably because sample size was lower). Test for linearity showed no linear fit, results show alternating exponential relationship of rain to coliform colony counts (0.015 daily rainfall and 0.002 average rainfall).

6 Discussion The results from the testing show relatively high fecal coliform during periods of rainfall most likely due to drainage from septic tanks from houses in the vicinity. As seen with daily rainfall values as well as that of average rainfall value, at approximately 1 inch of rain and upward, coliform colony counts spike and remain high. There are some irregularities with average rainfall values due to heavy rainfall in the days prior to the day of testing. As shown in the trend analysis there is steady increase in coliform as rainfall increases. The nutrient measurements (o-Phos. and Nitrogen) are also indicative of point source pollutants at sites 1 and 4—trending towards septic tank overflow/seepages in to water sources. Flow measurements should be made to determine full effects on the water flow rate downstream of the plant to determine classification of water as well as to better calculate volume mixing for the proposed effluent discharge area. The exponential relationship of the rain to coliform can be linked to soil saturation hydrology; takes time for saturation of soil and then when it becomes saturated it flows in to the drainage taking septic materials with it at a high rate, hence a spike at around 1 inch rainfall.

7 Conclusion The results show that there is a correlation with rain to coliform colonies, which leads to the conclusion that it is runoff that carries the pollutant in to the stream. We can further determine that there are high levels of coliform and nutrients entering the stream and remediation is crucial to health of stream and the marine drainage basin. There is no need for further testing as the results are quite clear; but if it there is further question of location or drainage a new site, shown below (black circle) can be tested in order to look at a different drainage area that would be affected by septic tanks in the Kesebelau area.

Appendix 1: Results Site Date Daily

rainfall

(in/day)

3 day

Rainfall ave

(in/day)

E. Coli Turbidity

(NTU)

Temp ˚C DO

(mg/

L)

pH Sal.

(PPT)

TDS

(g/L)

Cond.(

ms/c

m)

Phos.

Reactive

(OPhos)

mg/L

Nitrog

en

TA 1 19-Mar-16 0 0 1300 4.17 23.47 7.6 6.9 0.22 0.3 0.44

TA 1 17-Apr-16 0 0.01 820 5.67 25 < 0.1 0.211 0.47

TA 1 24-Jun-16 1.69 0.95 1100 8.81 25.7 < 0.1 16 0.21

TA 1 16-Jul-16 0 0 730 4.01 27.1 < 0.1 33 0.21

TA 1 23-Nov-16 1.49 0.98 >2400 30.7

< 0.1 24 0.59 0.13

TA 1 18-Dec-16 0.01 0.22 730 3.48 27.1 7.7 < 0.1 30 0.755 0.02 1.4

TA 1 21-Jan-17 1.08 0.58 >2400 38.1

8.67 <0.1 21 53.2 0.27 1

TA 1 25-Feb-17 1.02 0.39 >2400 271

7.38 0 17 42.6 0.14 0.9

TA 1 19-Mar-17 0.01 1.37 250 0.7

5.77 0 20 47.8 <0.02 0.6

TA 1 22-Apr-17 0 0 190 1.3

0 16 39.6

TA 1 15-May-17 0 0 52 0.9

5.7 0

39.6

TA 1 3-Jun-17 0.69 0.69 150 1

5.8 0

TA 2 19-Mar-16 0 0 400 1.71 24.54 3.7 6.6 0.15 0.21 0.32

TA 2 17-Apr-16 0 0.01 210 1.14 25.1 < 0.1 0.127 0.29

TA 2 24-Jun-16 1.69 0.95 1600 8.74 26 < 0.1 6 0.21

TA 2 16-Jul-16 0 0 1200 3.98 26.7 < 0.1 28 0.21

TA 2 23-Nov-16 1.49 0.98 980 2.72

< 0.1 16 0.39 <0.02

TA 2 18-Dec-16 0.01 0.22 440 7.15 26.7 7.7 < 0.1 30 0.741 <0.02 0.8

TA 2 21-Jan-17 1.08 0.58 >2400 39

7.47 <0.1 18 46.3 0.05 0.6

TA 2 25-Feb-17 1.02 0.39 >2400 307

7.63 0 12 30.1 0.18 0.8

TA 2 19-Mar-17 0.01 1.37 1200 5.9

7.56 0 29 72.5 <0.02 0.8

TA 2 22-Apr-17 0 0 1700 10.5

0 30 73.9

TA 2 15-May-17 0 0 29 1.9

7.3 0

73.9

TA 2 3-Jun-17 0.69 0.69 1200 2.2

7.2 0

TA 3 19-Mar-16 0 0 100 4.18 25.1 3.2 6.9 0.09 0.13 0.2

TA 3 17-Apr-16 0 0.01 25 8.3 25.5 < 0.1 0.077 0.17

TA 3 24-Jun-16 1.69 0.95 2000 46.7 28.7 < 0.1 15 0.28

TA 3 16-Jul-16 0 0 440 2.08 26.5 < 0.1 18 0.28

TA 3 18-Dec-16 0.01 0.22 770 4.01 26.5 7.1 < 0.1 22 0.561 0.11 0.9

TA 3 21-Jan-17 1.08 0.58 >2400 135

7.51 <0.1 11 26.6 0.2 0.7

TA 4 19-Mar-16 0 0 3100 17.1 27.92 3.3 6.6 30.22 30.31 49.18

TA 4 17-Apr-16 0 0.01 1700 15.3 26.1 21.5 >20 30.5

TA 4 24-Jun-16 1.69 0.95 >2400 39.6 27.5 29.7 >19 8.9

TA 4 16-Jul-16 0 0 1100 28.03 27.7 5.2 >limit 0.2

TA 4 23-Nov-16 1.49 0.98 >2400 43.6

< 0.1 30 0.74 0.13

TA 4 18-Dec-16 0.01 0.22 660 31.5 27.7 7.5 <0.1 53 1.319 0.08 1.3

TA 4 21-Jan-17 1.08 0.58 >2400 516

7.41 <0.1 64 159 <0.02 0.2

TA 4 25-Feb-17 1.02 0.39 >2400 167

7.39 0 425 1063 0.09 0.6

TA 4 19-Mar-17 0.01 1.37 770 13.3

54.6 0 22 54.6 0.02 0.7

TA 4 22-Apr-17 0 0 2400 33

1.2 143

TA 4 15-May-17 0 0 310 38.8

7 1.1

358

TA 4 3-Jun-17 0.69 0.69 220 14.1

7.3 26.5

Appendix 2: EQPB Official Results and Methods.

E. coli Turbidity Temperature Salinity TDS Conductivity

Location Date

MPN per 100ml

SampleNTU ˚C ppt mg/L mS/cm

#1 4/17/2016 820 5.67 25.0 <0.1 211 0.47 Grab

#2 4/17/2016 210 1.14 25.1 <0.1 127 0.29 Grab

#3 4/17/2016 25 8.3 25.5 <0.1 77 0.17 Grab

#4 (Diberdii) 4/17/2016 1700 15.30 26.1 21.5 - 30.5 Grab

Analysis No. Parameter1 E. coli

2 Turbidity

4 Temperature

6 Salinity

7 Total Dissolved

Solids8 Conductivity

Released by: M. K. Ngirchechol

Date 5/2/2016

Meter, in situ Orion 142



IDEXX Colilert Method Incubator 35.0 +/- 0.5 ˚Celcius

EPA Method 180.1 2100P Turbidimeter Hach


Palau EQPB Water Quality Laboratory Test Results

TEI Testing (KASP)

Sample ID

Sample

Type

Method Equipment

E. coli Turbidity Temperature

Dissolved

Oxygen pH Salinity TDS Conductivity

Location Date

MPN per 100ml

SampleNTU ˚C mg/L ppt g/L mS/L

TA 1 3/19/2016 1300 4.17 23.47 7.6 6.9 0.22 0.30 0.44 Grab

TA 2 3/19/2016 400 1.71 24.54 3.7 6.6 0.15 0.21 0.32 Grab

TA 3 3/19/2016 3100 17.1 27.92 3.3 6.6 30.22 30.31 49.18 Grab

Downstream

site 3/19/2016 100 4.18 25.10 3.2 6.9 0.09 0.13 0.20 Grab


2 Turbidity

4 Temperature

5 Dissolved Oxygen

5 pH YSI, in situ

6 Salinity

7 Total Dissolved

Solids8 Conductivity


Date 3/29/2016

YSI 556

YSI, in situ YSI 556




IDEXX Colilert Method Incubator 35.0 +/- 0.5 ˚Celcius




TEI Testing (KASP)

Sample ID

Sample

Type

Method Equipment

E. coli Turbidity Temperature Salinity TDS Conductivity

Location Date Time

MPN per 100ml

SampleNTU ˚C ppt mg/L µS/cm

#1 7/16/2016 9:18 730 4.01 27.1 <0.1 33 0.21 Grab

#2 7/16/2016 9:39 1200 3.98 26.7 <0.1 28 0.21 Grab

#3 7/16/2016 9:02 440 2.08 26.5 <0.1 18 0.28 Grab

#4 (Diberdii

Bridge) 7/16/2016 8:45 1100 28.03 27.7 5.2 OFL* 0.20 Grab

* Over meter limit


2 Turbidity

4 Temperature

6 Salinity

7 Total Dissolved

Solids

8 Conductivity


Date 7/18/2016


KASP - Airai KASP sites

Sample ID

Sample

Type

Method EquipmentIDEXX Colilert Method Incubator 35.0 +/- 0.5 ˚Celcius






55

ANNEX E: MONITORING OF GENDER ACTION PLAN

Components and Outputs Performance Targets and Activities Monitoring of Implementation

Output 1: Effective, efficient, and sustainable sewage collection systems in Koror and Airai

These are through (i) construction of gravity interceptor sewer in Koror and construction of Kesebelau/ Ked sewerage system; (ii) upgrade of major pump stations, major force main, and sewage treatment plant; and (iii) rehabilitation of minor pump stations.

• During design and implementation, all community and affected household consultations will have a target of at least 50% female participation.

• Provide awareness workshops on the importance of functional drainage systems in relation to hygiene and sanitation and opportunities for community members of all genders to become involved in construction and future maintenance (50% female participation).

• Conduct awareness workshops on proper disposal of domestic liquid wastes particularly kitchen wastes for households, restaurants and hotels around Koror area targeting women household members, domestic helpers, and kitchen staff (50% female participation).

• Prior to construction, conduct of safety awareness particularly on children playing around the infrastructure (e.g. electrocution and purpose of fencing) in project communities targeting 50% women.

• Site maintenance contractors will have increased women participation (target 20% of administration-based workers).

• Provide necessary institutional support for female administration-based workers including capacity building on contract management,

Female participation targeted by holding public meetings after 7. However, target was not met, with female participation estimated at 25%

At start of project, public meetings presented importance of improved sanitation (approx. 25% female participation). Limited opportunities for construction and maintenance jobs, with no females working in these areas in Palau to date. Unrealistic target

Awareness campaign during first 2 years – fats oils and grease (FOG). Radio and television. Designing a targeted campaign for women, domestic helpers and kitchen staff to be implemented Q3 2019

Safety awareness undertaken in public forums, newspaper and radio presentations

This target difficult to monitor as STP contractor conducts administration in their overseas base. However, in interview, ICB-02 and 03 contractor representative stated that administration workers would be easily over 25% female now. For ICB-01, the original project manager was female. All administrative roles are female, as well as their accounting and legal staff. Their engineers are male.

Again, this target difficult with contract management, procurement etc undertaken from overseas offices. Support not able to be provided to staff not based in country.

Unrealistic target. Unskilled and semi-skilled labor is largely supplied by overseas workers. Females are not in

56

procurement, stores control, asset management, and bookkeeping skills.

• Contractors, whenever culturally appropriate, will be encouraged to provide work for unskilled and semi-skilled labor for local people (50% women).

• Low-income households as well as landowners, whenever possible, will be engaged in labor-based construction work.

these roles in Palau, with female migrant work opportunities in the domestic help and tourism sectors.

Labor based construction work opportunities were supplied to low-income households, and where positions could not be filled, sub-contractors used overseas migrant workers.

Output 2. Sewage treatment and disposal to meets Palau’s environmental standards

This is through (i) installation of a remote monitoring instrument (telemetry) in sewerage pumping stations; (ii) CCTV GPS Survey of Sewer Networks; (iii) Unauthorized Inflow Investigation; (iv) Sewage Flow Gauging.

• During design and implementation, all community

consultations will have a target of at least 50% female participation.

• During installation, conduct community awareness workshops e.g. explaining purpose of telemetry and other planned monitoring activities to address sewer overflows, targeting at least 50% women in affected communities.

• During installation, conduct awareness workshops on proper disposal of domestic liquid waste particularly kitchen wastes for households, restaurants and hotels around the area targeting women household members, kitchen staff, and domestic helpers (50% female participation).

• Site maintenance contractors will have increased women participation (target 20% of administration-based workers).

• Provide necessary institutional support for female workers such as capacity building such as monitoring, surveying, using GPS and asset management. Contractors appointed for construction will be informed of the required capacity building requirement before bidding.

Female participation targeted by holding public meetings after 7. However, target was not met, with female participation estimated at 25%

In community workshops, radio and newspaper updates, awareness activities to raise the profile of the value of telemetry, and causes of sewage outfalls. Recent social media posts from PPUC highlight these issues (see below GAP monitoring table)

Awareness campaign during first 2 years – fats oils and grease (FOG). Radio and television. Designing a targeted campaign for women, domestic helpers and kitchen staff to be implemented Q3 2019

This target difficult with contract management, procurement etc undertaken from overseas offices. Support not able to be provided to staff not based in country.

No females have been provided by contractors. PPUC have engaged their first female engineer, who will be working in these areas. This provides an excellent role model, and demonstrates the benefits of PPUC seeking a more gender balanced work force.

57

Output 3. Safe and hygienic public toilet facilities in Koror are available

Existing public toilets upgraded in KB Bridge, T-Dock and Long Island for male and female amenities. New male and female public toilet facilities at the Koror shopping district, Koror tourist precinct and Malakal recreation area including road side signage.

• Prior to construction, public and community

consultations to determine sites for new public toilets and those for rehabilitation will include at least 50% female participation.

• Strategic locations for new toilets and those for rehabilitation to include at least half near the local markets and recreation areas where women and their families regularly visit.

• The maintenance program to be established by WWO will hire and train at least 50% female maintenance workers.

• Conduct a public awareness program on hygiene and sanitation including proper usage and maintenance of public toilets. At least 50% of community mobilizers hired for national awareness-raising campaign to be women.

• Ratio of toilet stalls for construction and rehabilitation should be at least 2:1 (with women having twice as many toilets than men).

• At least one stall constructed with children changing station in each of women and men’s stalls

Koror State selected the sties, with the Koror State Public Land Authority Board approving the locations. Sites are well known for high levels of public use, particularly by women and families.

One site is located near the market, with the additional 4 sited in recreation areas regularly visited by women and families.

The maintenance will be undertaken by Koror State. Currently there is a team of 4 – 3 male and 1 female. With the additional workload of 5 facilities, additional staff will be hired. Koror State will seek to hire additional female in this work team.

With the works not started for the public toilets, this will be a future program. National Safeguards Specialist will design some posters and discuss with Koror State further ways to raise awareness.

Ratio of toilet stalls largely achieved in the design

Nappy changing stations will be installed in a separate changing room in the facilities to be constructed at Ernguul Park Latrine, Long Island Park and Palau-Japan Friendship Bridge.

Output 4. Effective project management

Includes (i) preparation of sewer network model and analysis of overall sewer system capacity; (ii) engage and train 3 local plant operators; (iii) provide emergency operational advice; and (iv) implement / manage / supervise / administer works, goods, and services contracts.

• Hire/train at least one female staff at WWO to prepare

network model and train on analyzing sewer capacity. • Hire/train at least one female staff out of 3 local plant

operators to be hired by WWO. • Hire/train women managers/supervisors on contract

management, asset management, procurement and administration.

PPUC now have one female engineer who will be trained in this area of work

Plant operators yet to be hired. However, this may be challenging as a target, with PPUC a long way to go with hiring women in non traditional roles. Possibly less challenging is recruiting women in roles such as lines

58

• Include a community development/ communication and gender specialist/in the project team who will manage implementation of gender action plans, organize awareness activities and maintenance training for unemployed youth in project community (at least 50% members are women).

• Provide gender awareness training to all PMU / project staff_

• Establish all project performance indicators disaggregated by sex, collect them regularly, and include them in the baseline, progress, monitoring, and evaluation reports.

• Develop a project performance system that includes indicators measuring implementation and progress of the gender action plan.

• Enhance capacity by WWO to include gender perspective into its operations through gender awareness training and institutional development assistance e.g. annual/monthly planning and reporting, for WWO management and interested staff.

• Include at least one female member to the project team in-charge of community consultation, information and training activities.

• Conduct project briefing of traditional women and men leaders (Koror and Airai States) on the project including gender targets.

workers or meter readers.

One female engineer hired to work alongside PIAC team and will undertake some training in these areas.

Community development / communication and gender specialist hired for first 2 years. However, focus and expertise was not on gender. New communication and gender specialist will undertake ongoing GAP implementation.

PMU and project staff attended gender training in July 2019

Data has not been gender disaggregated, which is a project lesson learned

WWO management and staff attended gender awareness training July 2019.

PR staff from PPUC is female. New communication and gender specialist is female. Original person in the position. For first 6 months was female, followed by a male.

Project briefing of traditional women and men leaders was undertaken at beginning of project

Implementation Arrangements The project's GAP will be implemented by the PMU which will hire a community development/communication and gender specialist in the project team (see attached TOR). The specialist will be responsible for incorporating the GAP into project planning and program, including awareness workshops, training, and establishment of health and sex-disaggregated indicators for project performance and monitoring. The PMU will include reporting on progress of GAP activities in quarterly progress reports on overall project activities to the ADB and the government.

The GAP implementation has not been a strength of the project, with a lack of staff capacity in this area. Also the GAP targets were not well suited to the baseline situation, as females in non-traditional roles remains rare in Palau. However the gender awareness training within PPUC demonstrated an interest and willingness to address cultural change within the organization. This would have provided a more realistic and sustainable focus the GAP.

Notes from Gender Workshop

ANNEX F – GENDER AWARENESS WORKSHOP

PPUC workshop

Why does gender matter in the infrastructure sector?

11th July 2019

Welcome and introduction. Paper in bin game to discuss concepts of equity and privilege. To really address inequality we also need to recognize privilege. Once we see our advantages and privileges (eg race, gender, physical ability, age, wealth, etc) we need to use this privilege to recognize disadvantage and advocate for change.


Why is gender important to donors?

Firstly to achieve development goals. When we look at the global Sustainable Development Goals, gender equality is goal number 5. The ADB aim is to eradicate poverty, but 70% of the world's poor are women Gender equality = economic growth Inequality intensifies poverty

Secondly, gender equality makes economic sense. There have been numerous studies on the economic benefits on gender equality. It has been demonstrated that countries that improve their opportunities for women can be significantly better off through GDP growth. Tapping the potential in women – their skills, talents and work capacity, brings economic growth.


Better jobs for women = benefits for families, communities and economies. When women have more income opportunities and financial independence, there is more direct spending on children’s nutrition, health, and education. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) have also shown that better employment opportunities for women leads to increased productivity and profitability in the private sector. Investing in women’s employment benefits the bottom line. This is attributed to an improvement in innovation, reduction in staff turnover, and having access to new talent and new markets. Higher levels of gender balance can drive up productivity and innovation, and enhance company relationships with the local community. Making a workforce more representative of the customer base provides greater insight into their needs. The IMF and numerous other studies have also demonstrated that more women on boards creates more diverse thinking, and delivers profitability results.

Thirdly, gender is viewed as important by donors, as we need to look at who bears the burden when the infrastructure and services are poor. If sanitation is poor, and there is more sickness, women shoulder a greater proportion of the burden of caring for the sick. The impacts of unreliable power, unclean water, or unreliable utility services is rely more keenly by women. Therefore it is useful to have women’s voices as a part of developing priorities and solutions.


Project Requirements Most donors now require a Gender Action Plan (GAP) as a part of the project. This can feel like an extra burden that is a minor consideration compared to construction works. Or it can be viewed as an opportunity. A good Gender Action Plan will look at how can we make a difference to gender issues while implementing a project. How can we consider women’s voices in decision making, and how can we increase their opportunities? Importantly, the targets need to be achievable, and be informed by local context. PPUC

Currently 45 out of 290 staff are women – roughly 15%. There is also one woman on a board of 7 – again around 15%. This is in step with the global picture. In the UK 17% of the workforce in the utilities sector is women. In the US, it is 22%.


There are also signs of positive change – women taking new opportunities, such as

• First meter reader (1 out of a team of 12) • First female lines worker is planned • First female engineer • Women in leadership positions - HR, CFO

Group Participation – Barriers to changing the gender balance in PPUC

Women in Labor Teams

• Lifting heavy loads • Physical distraction • Fear that labor may be too difficult • Physical hardship • Lack of skills • Poor working conditions – no office, tools • Not strong enough • Cannot expose them to work men’s concerns like climbing • Working in difficult weather • Dangerous work • Heavy work • Politics • Lack of belief in women • Lack of training and education • Lack of support from family • Family commitments (primary care-giver) • Raising children • Time restrictions of women • Historically these positions are for males. Women told or taught to stay home and

care for family • Culture


• Harsh / unpredictable work schedule Women in Technical Positions

• No understanding – lack of education • Lack of job openings • High criticism of failure • Lifestyle • Historically these are male positions • Stigma • Women have limited time to invest in training • Maybe position asks for a male • Lack of appropriate legislation • Lack of national programs on gender equality • The jobs do not attract women • Lack of awareness • Lack of support from family • An assumption that not many women apply for these positions • Lack of experience • Learning the importance of safety • Not many female graduates in engineering • Institutional mindsets • Reluctance to pursue male dominated jobs • Family obligations / choices • Lack of financial support • Lack of interest in working in water, and even more so in sewage services • Stigma – women aren’t strong enough for the job • Lack of educations • Culture • Old mentality and teachings from elders • Most construction companies are not hiring lady supervisors of site engineers • Preference for jobs related to environment, office, and diplomatic related jobs rather

than water and sewage. • Lack of technical knowledge • “Man’s job” • Long hours required • Training • Need a safe environment • Challenge to do hands on work • Women have problems with directions

Women Leaders

• High pressure to be a public political leader • Women need more opportunities to better themselves • Objections / prejudice from those selecting for roles • Men staff won’t easily submit or become submissive to a woman leader • Male chauvinist perspective • Men not showing respect for women leaders • Needing patience to do the work • Lack of job openings • Financial barriers • The image that only men are good leaders


• Women need to be sensitive • Jealousy of men • Fear • Stigma (perception that women lead with their feelings) • Women do not have the strength to supervise / manage • Sexism / Discrimination • Peer pressure / social pressure • Lack of support from family • Culture / traditional roles • In Palau, women already have a say in matters at home, public is for men • Education • The idea that women cant be “objective” at all times

Pathways to Change

Training

• Just for women to do it and show that it is possible • Step up and get trained – nothing is impossible • Equal access to training • Encourage more women to attend trainings • Combine men and women in training • Skills based training – look at the gaps • Encourage more women to press on • Training must be practical • Training needs to be linked to opportunities • Encourage women to apply for training • Safety trainings • More advanced trainings • Advertise specifically for women, or “women encouraged to apply” in adds • Set aside training budgets for women


• We need to go our of our way to look for trainings that women can attend, and encourage them to join

• Figuring out a way to change normal thinking and perceptions that trainings are limited to certain genders

• Any training needs to involve both genders • Innovative training models – on the job • Prevention of bullying and harassment • “We cant be what we cannot see” – more role models. Celebrate success

Changing Culture

• Education • Changing mindset and encouraging more open mindedness • Discuss issues with the people – respecting culture and making an effort to be

inclusive • Men need to be open minded • Make hiring based on culture • Conduct a survey and analyze the data and disseminate information. Use this as a

basis to open up discussion with the community • Challenge cultural norms • Better education and awareness about gender equality • Recognize the gains and the slow changes to Palauan culture • More women stepping up so the young ones can see that it can be done • Advocate with youth • Balance between family and work (trying to ensure one is not at the cost of the other) • Have women in the forefront • Families start at home to teach their children equality of both sexes. Making their

children understand that they can be what they wish to be • Change the way people think – education • If women are gradually included it will become more normal

Changing PPUC Workplace Norms

• Creating and enforcing policies on gender equality • Improving working conditions – ie providing adequate tools that lessen physical

requirements • Ignore workplace norms and succeed • More flexible hours • Need more women to step up and show the younger ones it can be done • More resources • More communication and sharing of ideas • Provide more internship opportunities for technical positions • Possibly look into younger students instead of just final year high school students • Review workplace benefits • Provide a safe working environment • Women champions • Practice • Modify workplace to accommodate women (more girly colours!) • Provide maternity leave • Include some paternity leave so that fathers can take some care giving

responsibilities


• Educate fellow men (men challenging each other on gender norms) • If a woman knows the hazards of a job and is still willing to do it – support her

decision • Awareness programs on equity • Opening up dialogue with workers to remove cultural / gender classification and

begin to change attitudes • Emphasize the role of both women and men to be supportive • Gender focal points – someone within the workplace who can informally listen and

help to resolve a situation and develop strategies Case Studies Women in the mining sector

More gender balance on mining work sites has been found to have a number of benefits, including:

• Improved safety • Team building • Environmental and social stewardship • Diverse thinking = results • Easier on plant and machinery

Studies have also found that more women on boards in the mining sector directly increases profits. On boards with more gender balance, they were 5 times more likely to spend money on community engagement. Or pursue savings through investing in water saving technologies and methods (thus reducing costs).


Male Nurses

Women as lines workers in Tonga

In the Cyclone Ian Recovery Project in the Ha’apai Island Group, the ADB funded the reconstruction of the damaged electricity network. As a part of the gender action plan, Tonga Power looked at ways to recruit local women and provide on the job training, coupled with pathways to certification. The initiative was successful, with women very interested in this economic opportunity, and willing to learn and work hard. It was found that their performance was good, and that in turn this lifted the outputs of the men. Having combined teams worked the best, with men and women working together to get the work done. Tonga Power have continued this initiative, and now it has become acceptable, despite many people voicing doubts at the start.


For more information see – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6EN4VyOPXQ OIREP site:youtube.com Conclusion A Gender Action Plan can feel like a burden, or it can be an opportunity to make a difference. An effective GAP has the following focus:

1. It looks at participation and inclusions, ensuring all voices are heard in the design and implementation of projects

2. Provides a focus on how decisions are made in a project, and whose voices are heard

3. It recognizes and sees values in difference. It is not about making everyone the same, but about working together

4. Creating opportunities – a GAP looks at how to enhance opportunities for all Today we have discussed a number of challenges, and ways to move forward. But across the research literature, there is one change that makes the most difference, which is leadership commitment. The role of senior management to create a welcoming and supportive place for women is the single most effective change to achieve balance.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6EN4VyOPXQ

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ANNEX G – COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY – SUMMARY

Public Awareness strategy Why? How? Audience Communication techniques

Partners

I. KASP - Benefits for Palau: Before anything, go over the history of the old system and why it needs to be changed. Then introduce KASP again but most importantly, why there is a need for an upgrade Include future population projections and its effect on existing system in addition to environmental and health ramifications if sewerage is not improved.

To inform the public on the status of KASP project in an effort to alleviate public misconception of project delay/completion

To make public understand the work in progress (what exactly is being done now? What has been done? What will be done next? )

Information has to come from Program manager and team and will be compiled and disseminated via available media outlets on island. -posters -pamphlets/brochures -community outreach -public hearing -radio talk shows (Q&A) -OTV

▪ Palauan population: -Elders -adults -young adults -school age children

▪ Foreign residents -Phillipines -Bangladesh -Taiwan -Japan -Et.al.

▪ Mass media -Radio, newspaper, OTV, PNCC -Facebook

*Radio talk shows *OTV-commercial, short comedy sketch, public announcement

-Anthony -Russ -David -John -Rhea -Chris -Michael

II. Sewage System A. Disposal of waste -homes -public toilets -restaurants -schools

Without proper sewage disposal: I. Diseases -cause dangerous conditions which allow people to become susceptible to disease-causing germs -cause pollution of water supply -cause insects such as mosquitoes or cockroaches which can carry disease-causing germs in their bodies as a result of eating/walking in sewage -produce vile smell *If there is no proper sewage disposal, that could mean the breakdown of sewage system and the breakdown leads to diseases

-there is currently no study in Palau to indicate that sewage overflow causes gastro—which has been prevalent on and off the past couple of years. -(Public needs to be aware of the serious health issues first and foremost-that could be a motivation for proper disposal)

Same as above -comedy sketch on the radio and OTV and PNCC -Radio talk shows with Division of Environmental Health or someone from health sector -

Same as above including: -Civic Action Team (CAT) -Division of Environmental Health, et al.

Environmental and Social Monitoring Report · SAFEGUARD MONITORING REPORT October 2014 – June...

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