Environment and Society
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Transcript of Environment and Society
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Environment and SocietyEnvironment and Society
Climate ChangeClimate Change
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This Week’s TopicsThis Week’s Topics
• How is our planet livable?
• Why do we have such and impact on our environment?
• What are the results of our impact?
– Male fish producing eggs
– Climate change
• How is our planet livable?
• Why do we have such and impact on our environment?
• What are the results of our impact?
– Male fish producing eggs
– Climate change
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Silencing Climate ChangeSilencing Climate Change
• Scientists Say White House Muzzled Climate Research– Thursday, November 2, 2006 by the Associated Press
• http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/1102-03.htm
• Climate Expert Says NASA Tried to Silence Him– Sunday, January 29, 2006 by the New York Times
• http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0129-01.htm
• Scientists Say White House Muzzled Climate Research– Thursday, November 2, 2006 by the Associated Press
• http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/1102-03.htm
• Climate Expert Says NASA Tried to Silence Him– Sunday, January 29, 2006 by the New York Times
• http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0129-01.htm
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Why do we have a habitable planet?Why do we have a habitable planet?• We tend to take our atmosphere and environment for
granted.
• Subtle differences between the Earth and other planets like Mars and Venus have lead to the world we have!
• Slight changes to our environment during its evolution would have led to a dead planet like Mars.
• We tend to take our atmosphere and environment for granted.
• Subtle differences between the Earth and other planets like Mars and Venus have lead to the world we have!
• Slight changes to our environment during its evolution would have led to a dead planet like Mars.
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Cycles of Glacial and InterglacialCycles of Glacial and Interglacial
• 180 ppm during glacial
• 280 ppm during inter-glacial
• 380 ppm now
• 180 ppm during glacial
• 280 ppm during inter-glacial
• 380 ppm now
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Human Impacts on AtmosphereHuman Impacts on Atmosphere
• Carbon Dioxide is highest in 800,000 years
– Ice Bubbles Reveal Biggest Rise in CO2 for 800,000 Years• http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0905-
06.htm
• Carbon Dioxide is highest in 800,000 years
– Ice Bubbles Reveal Biggest Rise in CO2 for 800,000 Years• http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0905-
06.htm
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Why do we have such an impact?Why do we have such an impact?• All organisms must cycle energy through them.
– Food, sunlight and other inputs are used to maintain the life of an organism.
• Societies operate similarly.
– Societies also cycle energy and materials through them.
• Both organisms and societies produce waste as a natural part of the system!
• All organisms must cycle energy through them.
– Food, sunlight and other inputs are used to maintain the life of an organism.
• Societies operate similarly.
– Societies also cycle energy and materials through them.
• Both organisms and societies produce waste as a natural part of the system!
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Societies vary in efficiency of producing food!Societies vary in efficiency of producing food!• Swidden Agriculture (simple tools and human labor)
– 11 kilocalories produced for every kilocalorie of work energy expended in the production of the food.
• Plow and Animal Agriculture– 4.3 kilocalories food energy for 1 kilocalorie of work.
• Industrial Agriculture– 1 kilocalorie of food energy for 2.8 kilocalories of work.
• Swidden Agriculture (simple tools and human labor)– 11 kilocalories produced for every kilocalorie of work energy
expended in the production of the food.
• Plow and Animal Agriculture– 4.3 kilocalories food energy for 1 kilocalorie of work.
• Industrial Agriculture– 1 kilocalorie of food energy for 2.8 kilocalories of work.
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Fossil fuelsFossil fuels
• Decreases the amount of people necessary to produce food.
• Agrochemicals from petroleum sources may increase short term growth of crops.
• Fossil fuels are used to decrease transportation time and increase transportation distances.
• Decreases the amount of people necessary to produce food.
• Agrochemicals from petroleum sources may increase short term growth of crops.
• Fossil fuels are used to decrease transportation time and increase transportation distances.
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Greater Productivity under Capitalism = Greater WasteGreater Productivity under Capitalism = Greater Waste• Packaging as a means for advertising or theft
prevention.
• Concentration of animals on “feeder lots”
• Consumer waste
• Toxic effects of industrialized agriculture and petrochemicals
• Packaging as a means for advertising or theft prevention.
• Concentration of animals on “feeder lots”
• Consumer waste
• Toxic effects of industrialized agriculture and petrochemicals
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Male Fish Producing Eggshttp://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=138149http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/05/AR2006090501384.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33850-2004Oct14.html
Male Fish Producing Eggshttp://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=138149http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/05/AR2006090501384.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33850-2004Oct14.html
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Alligator SongAlligator Song
• David Rovics– http://www.soundclick.com/pro/view/01/default
.cfm?bandID=111310– Alligator Song
• http://www.soundclick.com/util/DownloadSong.cfm?ID=762185&ref=2
• David Rovics– http://www.soundclick.com/pro/view/01/default
.cfm?bandID=111310– Alligator Song
• http://www.soundclick.com/util/DownloadSong.cfm?ID=762185&ref=2
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Climate ChangeClimate Change
• Climate change or global warming?
• Sources of climate change are not limited to Carbon Dioxide
• Climate change or global warming?
• Sources of climate change are not limited to Carbon Dioxide
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Greenhouse Effecthttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/feedback.stm
Greenhouse Effecthttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_change/html/feedback.stm
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Emiliania huxleyiEmiliania huxleyi
• Ehux– A phyto-plankton
involved in the reduction of carbon-dioxide
• Ehux– A phyto-plankton
involved in the reduction of carbon-dioxide
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Acidification of the OceansAcidification of the Oceans
• Acid oceans spell doom for coral– http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/
3605908.stm
• Deep ice tells long climate story– http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/
5314592.stm
• Acid oceans spell doom for coral– http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/
3605908.stm
• Deep ice tells long climate story– http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/
5314592.stm
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“Hockey Stick”“Hockey Stick”
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What will happen if?What will happen if?• 1 degree increase
– Water supply threatens 50 million as glaciers disappear in Andes along South American coast
• 2 degree increase– 15-40% of species face extinction– Water scarcity in Africa and Mediterranean
• 3 degree increase– 1-4 billion people suffer water shortages
• 4 degree increase– Crop failures and decline in agricultural yields– Half of the artic tundra disappears
• 5 degree increase– Glaciers in Himalayas threatened, affecting water supply of 25% of Chinese– Sea levels rise, flooding areas of Asia and large cities like New York, London and Tokyo
• 1 degree increase– Water supply threatens 50 million as glaciers disappear in Andes along South American
coast
• 2 degree increase– 15-40% of species face extinction– Water scarcity in Africa and Mediterranean
• 3 degree increase– 1-4 billion people suffer water shortages
• 4 degree increase– Crop failures and decline in agricultural yields– Half of the artic tundra disappears
• 5 degree increase– Glaciers in Himalayas threatened, affecting water supply of 25% of Chinese– Sea levels rise, flooding areas of Asia and large cities like New York, London and Tokyo
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Increased melting of Arctic may lead to the shutdown of the “thermohaline” circulation
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Stronger StormsStronger Storms
• Caribbean 'faces stormier future’– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5290818.stm
• New Data Clearly Links Storms and Warming
– http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0608-07.htm
• Caribbean 'faces stormier future’– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5290818.stm
• New Data Clearly Links Storms and Warming
– http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0608-07.htm
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Problems from Climate ChangeProblems from Climate Change
• Migration patterns of animals disturbed– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4313726.stm
• Forests like in Oregon are suffering from heat and increased pest infestations
– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/sci_nat_how_the_world_is_changing/html/1.stm
• Migration patterns of animals disturbed– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4313726.stm
• Forests like in Oregon are suffering from heat and increased pest infestations
– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/sci_nat_how_the_world_is_changing/html/1.stm
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Corporations Seek to Profit from Climate ChangeCorporations Seek to Profit from Climate Change
• Arctic Booms as Climate Change Melts Polar Ice Cap
– http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/1127-03.htm
• As Polar Ice Turns to Water, Dreams of Treasure Abound
– http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F70A1FF734540C738DDDA90994DD404482
• Arctic Booms as Climate Change Melts Polar Ice Cap
– http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/1127-03.htm
• As Polar Ice Turns to Water, Dreams of Treasure Abound
– http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F70A1FF734540C738DDDA90994DD404482
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What’s the worst that could happen?What’s the worst that could happen?• Past mass extinction events linked to climate
change– http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0329-extinction.html
• Earth Faces 'Catastrophic Loss of Species’– http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0720-
08.htm
• Be worried, be very worried– http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/03/26/coverstory/index.
html
• Past mass extinction events linked to climate change– http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0329-extinction.html
• Earth Faces 'Catastrophic Loss of Species’– http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0720-
08.htm
• Be worried, be very worried– http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/03/26/coverstory/index.
html
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Change is possibleChange is possible
• Solving the UK's generation issue– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/
4850548.stm
• Marble trade sucks Indian villages dry– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/
3755780.stm
• Solving the UK's generation issue– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/
4850548.stm
• Marble trade sucks Indian villages dry– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/
3755780.stm
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How much do you pay for your car?How much do you pay for your car?• Do you walk or drive to school? Go home on
weekends?
• How much do pay to support your car?– Car payment– Insurance– Gas per month
• What could you do with all that money?
• Do you walk or drive to school? Go home on weekends?
• How much do pay to support your car?– Car payment– Insurance– Gas per month
• What could you do with all that money?
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ConsumptionConsumption
• The United States, with less than 5 % of the global population, uses about a quarter of the world’s fossil fuel resources—burning up nearly 25 % of the coal, 26 % of the oil, and 27 % of the world’s
natural gas. – http://www.worldwatch.org/node/810
• 1/3 of the grain produced in the world goes to feed livestock.
• 1/2 of the water consumed in the US is used to grow grain for cattle production.
• 70-80% of the grain produced in the US is fed to livestock. – http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Poverty/Hunger/Causes.asp
• The United States, with less than 5 % of the global population, uses about a quarter of the world’s fossil fuel resources—burning up nearly 25 % of the coal, 26 % of the oil, and 27 % of the world’s
natural gas. – http://www.worldwatch.org/node/810
• 1/3 of the grain produced in the world goes to feed livestock.
• 1/2 of the water consumed in the US is used to grow grain for cattle production.
• 70-80% of the grain produced in the US is fed to livestock. – http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Poverty/Hunger/Causes.asp
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WasteWaste
• In 2005, U.S. residents, businesses, and institutions produced more than 245 million tons, which is approximately 4.5 pounds of waste per person per day.
• In 1996, recycling of solid waste in the United States prevented the release of 33 million tons of carbon into the air-roughly the amount emitted annually by 25 million cars.
– http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/facts.htm
• In 2005, U.S. residents, businesses, and institutions produced more than 245 million tons, which is approximately 4.5 pounds of waste per person per day.
• In 1996, recycling of solid waste in the United States prevented the release of 33 million tons of carbon into the air-roughly the amount emitted annually by 25 million cars.
– http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/facts.htm
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Solutions?Solutions?
• So what are the solutions to these issues?
• What or who might stand in the way of these solutions?
• How do you overcome these obstacles?
• So what are the solutions to these issues?
• What or who might stand in the way of these solutions?
• How do you overcome these obstacles?