Enviromental Engineering Solid Waste Management Finalize

8/11/2019 Enviromental Engineering Solid Waste Management Finalize

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SOLID WASTE


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WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?

Solid waste are refuse arising from human,animal and industrial activities that arenormally solid in nature and discarded or

thrown away as useless and/or unwanted.


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Refers to all activities pertaining to thecontrol, transfer and transport, processingand disposal of solid wastes in accordance

with the best principles of public health,economic, engineering, conservation,aesthetic and other environmental

consideration.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE

GarbageIt is composed largely ofputrescible organic matter and moisture.Garbage decomposes rapidly, particularly in

warm weather, and may quickly producedisagreeable odors.

GARBAGE


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RubbishTheseare waste that is

either combustibleor non-combustible.Combustible rubbishis not putrescibleand may be storedin a longer period oftime, non-combustible rubbishare materials that

cannot be burned.

Rubbish


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CLASSIFICATIONS

OF

SOLID WASTE


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Biodegradable

wasteIs any

material that candecompose bymicrobiologicalorganisms orenzymes. Examplesof this are kitchenwaste, such aspeelings and foodleftovers, withered

trees grasses andpapers.


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Non-Biodegradable

wasterefers to

solid wastes whichdo not undergodecompositionhence are non-compostable and noputrescible wastematerials. Thisincludes all kinds ofsynthetic plastic,

glass, metals, andceramics.


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Hazardous wasteisany waste that ispotentially dangerous tothe environment andhealth because ofchemical reactivity,toxicity, flammabilityand explosiveness.Such involves sharpmaterials and tools,household andlaboratory chemicalsand corrosive liquids. Itcan be in solid, liquid orgaseous state.


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Pathological waste

Is that which

includes tissues,organs, and bodyparts, humanfeatures fromsurgical operations,biopsy and autopsy.

Also animalcarcasses, bloodand body fluids.


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4RS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT


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Refuse: Do not buy oraccept anything you do not

really need. Reduce the amount of

garbage generated. Reuse: Reuse everything to

its maximum after properlycleaning it. Recycle: Keep things which

can be recycled to be given

to rag pickers or wastepickers.


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We Got a Problem.


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For most, the garbage crisis is limited to its

collection. As long as the mounds ofgarbageare removed...

...it is a problemout of sight and out of mind.


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On estimate, 6700 tons of solid waste isgenerated each day, but only about 720tons

were recycled or composted. 1500tons aredump illegally to random places and someare burned elsewhere. The rest is dumped in

landfills for scavengers to work on.

150000residents of Metro Manila are used tothe smell and sight of the mountain ofgarbage as part of their daily lives.


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Then it happened

In July 2000, after a weekend of heavy rain,a mountain of garbage collapsed, buryinghundreds of homes. Followed by fire thatspread along the site because of dangerous

chemicals in the soil lighted up by downedelectric utility poles.

205 dead bodiesare found and hundreds

reported missing.


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Payatas is closed because of the accident,but sadly, reopened again because of lackof disposal options.


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History of waste disposal crisis.

The Rise (Early 1991Mid-1992)- opening of Payatas,

Catmon, San mateo and Carmona Cavite landfillsand closing of the smoky mountain.

The Decline(Mid-1992Late 1997)San Mateo and

Carmona Operations affects its citizens, the

marching of dump trucks day and night, presence of

junk shops, waste pickers and informal shanties has

alarmed the residents, arising opposition to the

landfills. Payatas and Catmon continued operation.


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The Aftermath (Early 2001Present): Since 2001,

additional controlled dump sites have been

developed in an attempt to mitigate the crisis.

These include the Rodriguez disposal facility in

Montalban and the Tanza facility in Navotas. RA

9003 was also enacted during this time.


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COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE


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UNDER RA 9003

the local government is responsible forcollecting non-recyclable materials and specialwastes, while barangay units are given the taskand responsibility of collecting and segregatingthe biodegradable, compostable, and reusablewastes. Of Metro Manilas 17 cities andmunicipalities, 11 contract out garbage

collection to the private sector and 6 collectgarbage themselves as part of their localgovernment functions.


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COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE IS MADE

THROUGH BY THE DECISION OF ELECTED

OFFICIALS WHETHER IT IS A


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1) Municipal Collectioncollection madeby the government including vehicles tobe used and manpower.

2) Private Collectionprivate firms madecontract with the resident of thecommunity for collecting their solidwaste.

3) Contract collectionthe city ormunicipal government hires privatefirms to collect the solid waste


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COLLECTION METHODS

1. Curb side or Alley pick-up Method

2. SetOut, Set Back Method

3. Backyard Pick-up Method


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Cost of Solid Waste

Over P3.54 billion (US$64million) is spent

annually on the collectionand disposal of Metro

Manilas solid waste, at an

average cost of about

P1,450 ($26.40) per ton.

Despite this high levelof spending, the systemrequires significantimprovement.


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TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE


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METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE

Daily Route Method

Single Load Method

Large Route Method


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DISPOSAL AREA OF SOLID WASTE


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DISPOSAL AREA OF SOLID WASTE


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DISPOSAL BY SANITARY LANDFILL


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LAND SITE IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING CRITERIA

Area Capacity and Availability Haul Distance and Time

Proximity to Perennial Surface Water

Occurrence of Flooding Proximity to Sensitive Land Users

Local Ecological Condition

Current and Future land use

Seismic Condition

Geological Condition


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Soil/Land Condition

Topography


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SITE IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING METHODOLOGY

Data acquisition.

Plotting of excluded areas, Identified on thebasis of the absolute criteria, in an

appropriate map.

Identification of candidate area from the mapfor the field survey.

Site survey and Evaluation.

Selection of preferred site.


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IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE


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DANGER ON IMPROPER DISPOSALOF SOLID WASTE


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF TOP 7POPULATED CITIES


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TOP 7 POPULATED CITIES

1) Quezon City

2) Manila

3) Caloocan City

4) Pasig City

5) Taguig City

6) Paranaque City7) Valenzuela City


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COLLECTION SCHEDULES WILL BE AS FOLLOWS

Monday-Wednesday-Friday CollectionSchedule:

a) Monday and Fridayfor Biodegradable

b) Wednesday for Non-Biodegradable

Tuesday-Thursday-Saturday CollectionSchedule:

a) Tuesday and Saturdayfor Biodegradable

b) Thursday for Non-Biodegradable


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TRUCKS ARE MARKED BY TARPAULINS OF

BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF MANILA

The respondents segregate their wastes into PET bottles, glassbottles, and other waste (mixed wastes). No respondents performcomposting. It is worth noting, however, that burning of waste isnot done by the respondents. The households rely on garbagecollection by the government. Collection is done twice daily,except Sundays, and household members bring their garbage

when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those whodump their garbage in non-designated pick-up points, usually in acorner of the street. The dumped garbage becomes a breedingground for disease-causing organisms. Some householdrespondents said that it is possible that the dumping in certainareas caused the dengue fever suffered by some of their family

members. Mothers and household helpers are responsible forhousehold waste management. Scavengers generally look forrecyclable items in the dumped garbage.


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF CALOOCAN CITY

Caloocan City Mayor Implemented RA 9003 Declaration ofPolicies:

a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment.

b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize theutilization of valuable resources and encourage resourcesconservation and recovery

c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance andvolume reduction through source reduction and wasteminimization measures, including composting, recycling, re-

use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, beforecollection, treatment and disposal in appropriate andenvironmentally-sound solid waste management facilities inaccordance with ecologically sustainable developmentprinciples.


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d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport,storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through theformulation and adoption of the best environmental practices inecological waste management excluding incineration


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF PASIG CITY

An official from the Pasig City Solid Waste Management Office Sundayurged residents to practice segregation especially this Yuletide seasonto help lessen the volume of waste that will be accumulated and dumpedinto garbage disposal sites. Angeles explained that as part of the Cleanand Green program of Pasig City, headed by Mayor Bobby Eusebio,they have recently launched a project dubbed ''Pa Zero'' or ''Bukod-Bukod na Basura Tungo sa Zero na Basura'' to help encourage thepeople to segregate their waste and re-cycle re-usable materials. Hesaid that under the project, the people should start the practice ofsegregating their waste as part of their efforts to reduce the volume ofwaste produced by every person at .2 percent. He said that currently thenumber is .656 percent. Angeles added that if residents of thebarangays will not comply nor practice segregation by January 3, 2011

their trash will not be collected. He added that trash collectors will be theones who will check if residents are complying with their scheme. ThereAdvocacy ''No segregation, no collection of trash.


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF TAGUIG CITY

Taguig City launches Love a Clean City project Weneed to help each other in cleaning our environment. Ifour surroundings, canals, and other waterways are clean,we can avoid certain illnesses and prevent floodingcaused by blockage of garbage, said Mayor Lani

Cayetano. The Love a Clean City project include thestrict implementation of Ecological Solid WasteManagement Act of 2002 that focuses on retrieval,reusing, and recycling as effective means to cut downgarbage volume. Meanwhile, the city government

generated a total of P100 million savings from the hugeamount previously spent by the on garbage collectionalone. The savings were used to fund its scholarshipproject benefiting 13,200 local students.


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF PARANAQUE CITY

Paranaque City generated a total of 254.0tons of solid waste in 1999 or a per capitawaste generation of 0.55kg/day. As earlyas 1990, the city issued an ordinance(Ordinance No.90, series 0f 1990)regulating garbage disposal within themunicipality and providing a penalty fornoncompliance. The Ordinance was limitedto regulating illegal dumping of waste inpublic places, including the seashore orshoreline, requiring the use of appropriategarbage container, and putting thecontainers out for collection at thescheduled time. On waste segregation, thecity is governed by existing ordinances ofthe Metro Manila Development Authority(MMDA), which promote waste

segregation. Briefly, the program involvesthe practice of waste segregation byhouseholds and no segregation-nocollection rule by the local government.The segregated waste types end up indifferent destinations:

(a) biodegradable waste is composted atcomposting centers to produce organicfertilizer that is sold to farmers, parks andgolf operators, and the Department ofAgriculture,

(b) non-biodegradable recyclables arecollected separately, deposited at the

redemption centers, and sold to junkshopsand recyclingfactories

(c) all others are collected by the citygarbage trucks and brought to authorizedlandfills.


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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF TOP 7 POPULATED CITIES


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BARANGAY POPULA

TION

DAY OF

COLLECTI

ON

PLACE

OF

DISPOSA

L

AMOUNT OF

WASTE(TONS/D

AY)

BARANGAY 176OF CALOOCANCITY

243,890

COMMONWEALTH OF QUEZONCITY

186,543MONDAY ,WEDNESDAY &FRIDAY

AREA IBARANGAYPAYATAS

1500 tons *

BATASAN OFQUEZON CITY 150,764

TUESDAY ,THURSDAY&

SATURDAY

AREA IBARANGAY

PAYATAS

1500 tons*

PINAGBUHATANOF PASIG CITY 126,503

PAYATAS OF MONDAY , AREA I 1500 tons*

BARANGAY POPULA

TION

DAY OF

COLLECTI

ON

PLACE OF

DISPOSAL

AMOUNT

OF

WASTE(TO

NS/DAY)BARANGAY 176OF CALOOCANCITY

243,890

BAGUMBONG ,CALOOCAN

COMMONWEALTH OF QUEZONCITY

186,543MONDAY ,WEDNESDAY &FRIDAY


1500 tons *

BATASAN OFQUEZON CITY 150,764

TUESDAY ,THURSDAY&

SATURDAY


1500 tons*

PINAGBUHATANOF PASIG CITY 126,503

PAYATAS OFQUEZON CITY 119,053

MONDAY ,WEDNESD

AREA IBARANGAY

1500 tons*

Enviromental Engineering Solid Waste Management Finalize

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