EnvE Program PSU 2007
Transcript of EnvE Program PSU 2007
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What is Environmental
Engineering?
Majors Night October 18, 2006
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Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
What is Environmental Engineering (What is Environmental Engineering (EnvEEnvE)?)? HistoryHistory
ExamplesExamples
Environmental Engineering at Penn StateEnvironmental Engineering at Penn State
FacultyFaculty
ResearchResearch CoursesCourses
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What is Environmental Engineering?What is Environmental Engineering?
The monitoring, improvement, & protectionThe monitoring, improvement, & protectionof the environment through designof the environment through design
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Some examples of EnvironmentalSome examples of EnvironmentalEngineering todayEngineering today
Treatment of surface water,Treatment of surface water,groundwater, waste water, soil, & airgroundwater, waste water, soil, & air
Management of wetlands & watershedsManagement of wetlands & watersheds
Disposal of solid & hazardous wastesDisposal of solid & hazardous wastes
Production of renewable energyProduction of renewable energy
Design ofDesign ofgreengreenproductsproducts
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Environmental Engineering atEnvironmental Engineering at
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
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Dr. Rachel Brennan Dr. Bill Burgos Dr. Fred Cannon Dr. Brian Dempsey
Dr. Bruce LoganDr. Bruce Logan Dr. Jack Matson Dr. Jay Regan Dr. Ray Regan
Environmental Engineering FacultyEnvironmental Engineering Faculty
at Penn State Universityat Penn State University
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Environmental Engineering ResearchEnvironmental Engineering Research
BioEnergyBioEnergy
ProductionProduction
Microbial fuel cells, biological hydrogen productionMicrobial fuel cells, biological hydrogen production
BioremediationBioremediation Perchlorate, metals, radionuclides, acid mine drainage,Perchlorate, metals, radionuclides, acid mine drainage,
volatile organic compounds, nitratevolatile organic compounds, nitrate Drinking water treatmentDrinking water treatment
Activated carbon filtration, membrane filtration, coagulationActivated carbon filtration, membrane filtration, coagulation
Wastewater treatmentWastewater treatment Nitrification, urban runoffNitrification, urban runoff
Solid waste managementSolid waste management
EcopreneeringEcopreneering EcoEco--building, ecobuilding, eco--village, ecovillage, eco--products, ecoproducts, eco--etc.etc.
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BioEnergy Production:Producing Electricity During Wastewater Treatment
Using Microbial fuel cell (MFC)
A MFC is a device that use bacteria as a
biocatalyst to oxidize organic matter andproduce electricity. The bacteria (attached to
the anode) produce electrons that travel to the
cathode (current).
Proton Exchange
membrane (PEM)
load
Anode Cathode
bacteria
Oxidation
products
(CO2)
Fuel
(wastes)
e-
e-
Oxidant
(O2)
Reduced
oxidant
(H2O)
H+
This is a single-chamberedMFC, developed by ProfessorLogans group at Penn State,to treat wastewater andproduce electricity
Reference: Liu et al.,Environ. Sci. Technol. (2004)
Bruce Logan, Professor of Environmental Engineering
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Demonstration of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)Demonstration of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)
See a MFC working in real time: www.engr.psu.edu/mfccam
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Biological Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen can be produced by bacteria from
fermentation of sugars Gas is 60% pure H2 (balance is carbon dioxide)
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H2- from any biomass using microbial electrolysis cells
(MECs)
H2
Cathode
CO2 e-
H+
e-
Bacteria
Anode
PEM
No oxygen incathode chamber
PS
Ref: Liu et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2005)
No oxygen inanode chamber
0.25 V needed(vs 1.8 V for water electrolysis)
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Drinking water treatment:
Perchlorate bioremediation 4
Perchlorate respiringculture (optional)
Supplemental carbon source with(optional) N, P addition
Backwash withchlorate, N, P,acetate
Contaminatedwater source
Perchloratefree water
Sandfilter
ATTRIBUTES:Continuous perchlorate removalClogging avoided by intermittent backwashBiofilm regeneration by side process
Patent No.
6214607
Perchlorate (used in
rocket propellent)
can be degraded
using bacteria.
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Bioremediation of Groundwater: enhancing the
transport of pollutant-degrading bacteria
Saturated Zone
Injection Well Withdrawal well
Zone of reactivecolloidal particles
Using atomic force
microscopy to
understand bacterial
adhesion at the
nano-scale.
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Bioremediation of Metals andRadionuclides
Soluble U(VI) Insoluble UO2(s)
Soluble Cr(VI) Insoluble Cr(OH)3(s)
Soluble Tc(VII) Insoluble TcO2(s)
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Rate 1 Rate 2 Rate 3
Cell-free
UO2(s) U(VI)(aq)
Biogenic UO2(s)nanoparticles
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How is AMD formed?How is AMD formed?
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is caused by physical &Acid mine drainage (AMD) is caused by physical &
chemical weathering of pyrite (fools gold), FeSchemical weathering of pyrite (fools gold), FeS22
Very common problem in PennsylvaniaVery common problem in Pennsylvania
Abandoned coal minesAbandoned coal mines
II--99 construction!99 construction!
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Yellow BoyYellow BoyFormation from Typical MinesFormation from Typical Mines
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Elevated aluminum in
mine water discharge
Elevated iron in mine
water discharge
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Passive treatment
system for minedischarge
Untreated mine
discharge
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Innovative Treatment of AcidInnovative Treatment of Acid--Mine DrainageMine DrainageJon Dietz & Prof. DempseyJon Dietz & Prof. Dempsey
Inflow
MixerAir
Reactor Tank
Settling Tank
Iron Precipitate
Inflow
MixerAir
Reactor Tank
Settling Tank
Iron Precipitate
Inflow
MixerAir
Reactor Tank
Settling Tank
Iron Precipitate
Abiotic treatment with recirculation,
pH 5.5 to 6.8
IRR > 1000 g/m2
/dHigh-density sludge
Temperature Compensated &
Normalized by Fe(II), Fe(III), & DO
y = 2.195x - 15.821
R2= 0.976
y = 0.9006x - 7.7207
R2= 0.2257
-4.2
-3.5
-2.8
-2.1
-1.4
5.0 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.6 7.0pH
log(Ktot/DO/Fe(III))y = 0.6602x
2- 6.8299x + 18.605
R2= 0.776
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
5 5.5 6 6.5
pH
LogNormalized
[Fe(II)Sorb]
Model Data Poly. (Data)
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Field and Laboratory Analyses of PA StreamsField and Laboratory Analyses of PA Streams
Degraded by AcidDegraded by Acid--Mine DrainageMine DrainageByungtae Park & Prof. DempseyByungtae Park & Prof. Dempsey
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Evaluation of Porous Pavement & Infiltration toEvaluation of Porous Pavement & Infiltration to
Prevent to Deal with Flooding and Urban RunoffPrevent to Deal with Flooding and Urban RunoffDavid Swisher & Prof. DempseyDavid Swisher & Prof. Dempsey
Table 6.2. Chemical Analysis for 6/4/02 Storm Event
Porous Lot Control Lot
Ca, mg/L 12.5 13.5Cu, mg/L
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Membrane Filtration for the Production of PotableMembrane Filtration for the Production of Potable
Water & for ReWater & for Re--use of Wastewateruse of WastewaterKevin Choi & Prof. DempseyKevin Choi & Prof. Dempsey
-5.0
-4.5
-4.0
-3.5
6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
pH
log
Al
Alum
PAC70
ACH
ACH w/acid27.5
38.5
36.8
23.8
11.2
30.526.1
ZP = 0
% removal of TOCis given next to points
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Drinking Water TreatmentDrinking Water Treatment
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Wastewater TreatmentWastewater Treatment
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Environmental BiotechnologyEnvironmental Biotechnology
AOB
clones
from pilot
plant
0.1
Nm.oligotropha Nm45
Nm.ureaeNm.AL212
Nm. JL21Nm. aestuarii Nm36
Nm. marina Nm22
Nm. cryotoleransNm. europaeaNm. eutropha C91
Nm. halophila Nm1Nc. mobilis Nc2Nm. communis Nm2
Nm. nitrosa Nm90Ns. tenuis
Ns. briensis C128Ns. multiformis 25196
Gallionella ferrugineaRhodocyclus spPropionivibrio dicarboxylicus
Ralstonia eutrophaNc. halophilus Nc2Nc. oceanus C27
Escherichia coliATCC11775T
2 clones
3 clones11 clones
4 clones
11 clones
Nitrosomonas oligotropha
cluster
marina
clustereuropaea
clustercommunis
clusterNitrosospira
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Brennan Research GroupBrennan Research Group
Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USAThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Enhanced Bioremediation of Soil &Enhanced Bioremediation of Soil &Groundwater Contaminants throughGroundwater Contaminants through
Alternative Nutrient & Delivery TechniquesAlternative Nutrient & Delivery Techniques
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Groundwater Contamination byGroundwater Contamination by
Tetrachloroethene (PCE)Tetrachloroethene (PCE)
Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)
Difficult to remove usingDifficult to remove usingpump & treatpump & treat
Microorganisms can gain energy by degrading PCEMicroorganisms can gain energy by degrading PCE Reductive dechlorination (a.k.a.Reductive dechlorination (a.k.a.halorespirationhalorespiration))
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SC-80SC-40SC-20
Chitin from Crab ShellsChitin from Crab Shells
H
CH2OH
H
HH
H
H
OH
NH
C= O
CH3
OH
O
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PilotPilot-- & Full& Full--scale Chitin Injectionscale Chitin Injection
at the Distler Brickyard Superfund Site!at the Distler Brickyard Superfund Site!
Chitin fractured into groundChitin fractured into ground
3 fracture depths per borehole (~24, 33, & 38 ft3 fracture depths per borehole (~24, 33, & 38 ft bgsbgs))
250 gallons/frac250 gallons/frac
150 lb chitin, 550 lb sand, (also guar, crosslinker, & breaker)150 lb chitin, 550 lb sand, (also guar, crosslinker, & breaker)
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Denitrification of Drinking WaterSupplies using Chitin
Potentially an efficient & inexpensive method for treatingPotentially an efficient & inexpensive method for treating
nitratenitrate--contaminated drinking watercontaminated drinking water
Ex., in underdeveloped countriesEx., in underdeveloped countries
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Treatment of Mine Drainage Using Chitin
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Chitin Treatment of AMD Works!Chitin Treatment of AMD Works!
Acidity & metalsAcidity & metals
concentrations dropconcentrations droprapidly (in just weeks)rapidly (in just weeks)
using chitin!using chitin!
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (days)
Acidity,
Alkalin
ity(mg/LasCaCO3)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
pH
.
Acidity Alkalinity pH
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Treatment of PerchlorateTreatment of Perchlorate
in Vadose Zone Soilsin Vadose Zone Soils
Thousands of tons of ClOThousands of tons of ClO44-- have been released intohave been released into
environment since 1950senvironment since 1950s
GEDIT Technology developed by CDM:GEDIT Technology developed by CDM:
InjectionWell
Groundwater
VadoseVadoseZoneZoneGED
GED
GED
GED
GED
GED
Electron Acceptor(perchlorate)Electron Acceptor(perchlorate)
Gaseous Electron Donor InjectionGaseous Electron Donor Injection
GED = Gaseous Electron DonorGED = Gaseous Electron Donor
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VadoseVadose--Zone Perchlorate RemediationZone Perchlorate Remediation
Electron Donor
Sampling Ports
Humidified N2 (variable flow)
Site soil contaminated with perchlorateN2 (makeup gas)
N2
(constant flow)
N2
Mass Flow
Controllers
Mass flow controllersMass flow controllers
HumidificationHumidification
bottlebottle
ComputerComputer
Soil column
Electron donor
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Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management
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EcoEco--Village: an Ultimate EnvironmentalVillage: an Ultimate EnvironmentalEngineering ChallengeEngineering Challenge
Jack V. Matson PhD, PEJack V. Matson PhD, PE
Professor of Environmental EngineeringProfessor of Environmental Engineering
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
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What is an EcoWhat is an Eco--Village?Village?
Sustainable:Sustainable: Generates minimal wastesGenerates minimal wastes Economically self sufficientEconomically self sufficient
Uses renewable energyUses renewable energy
Produces organic foodProduces organic food
Follows LEED criteriaFollows LEED criteria
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LEED Building StandardsLEED Building Standards(Green Building Association)(Green Building Association)
Leadership in Energy and Environment DesignLeadership in Energy and Environment Design
Enhance Indoor air qualityEnhance Indoor air quality
Minimize use of energy and waterMinimize use of energy and water
Use sustainable materials of constructionUse sustainable materials of construction
Rely primarily on pedestrian and bicycles forRely primarily on pedestrian and bicycles for
transportation needstransportation needs
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EcopreneeringEcopreneering
Design and build eco villagesDesign and build eco villages Represent eco products,Represent eco products, egeg. wind turbines. wind turbines
Design eco buildingsDesign eco buildings
Eco water efficiencyEco water efficiency Eco educationEco education
Eco creativityEco creativity
Eco Building
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Eco-Building
Exterior
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Eco-BuildingInterior
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Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering
Courses at Penn State UniversityCourses at Penn State University
E i t l E i i C t P St tE i t l E i i C t P St t
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Environmental Engineering Courses at Penn StateEnvironmental Engineering Courses at Penn State
Required courses in the CERequired courses in the CEundergraduate curriculumundergraduate curriculum(effective Fall 2006 for incoming students):(effective Fall 2006 for incoming students):
Intro to Environmental Engineering, CE 370
Elective courses in the CEElective courses in the CE
undergraduate curriculum:undergraduate curriculum: Water and Wastewater Treatment, CE 371
Environmental Engineering Design, CE 472W
Water Quality Chemistry, CE 475
Solid/Hazardous Wastes, CE 476 Environmental Microbiology, CE 479
Many graduate level courses openMany graduate level courses open
toto
UGsUGs
with permission!with permission!
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CE 370CE 370 Introduction to EnvironmentalIntroduction to Environmental
EngineeringEngineering
Topics:Topics: Environmental ethics, impact assessmentsEnvironmental ethics, impact assessments
Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, SuperfundClean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Superfund
Water & wastewater treatmentWater & wastewater treatment
Bioremediation & hazardous waste treatmentBioremediation & hazardous waste treatment
LEED standards, Green construction & designLEED standards, Green construction & design
Alternative energy production, RecyclingAlternative energy production, Recycling
Emphasis:Emphasis:Application of ideas to everyday lifeApplication of ideas to everyday life
Preparation for the FE examPreparation for the FE exam
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Other ways to get involved inOther ways to get involved in
Environmental Engineering research:Environmental Engineering research:
WorkWork--studystudy
Wage payrollWage payroll
Independent studyIndependent study
Honors thesisHonors thesis
Contact professors directly and discuss your interests!Contact professors directly and discuss your interests!
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