Entrenching Impunity Report

8/15/2019 Entrenching Impunity Report

1/93

B Q I K H

Z E @ B \ T

P K \ D B

Tulkh

Ahtrahdbeh` Eipuhety@fvarhiaht Zaspfhsejecety mfr Ehtarhktefhkc

Dreias eh Lkrmur


2/93

Ladaijar :>>1 ]fcuia ;0, Hf. ;0(K)

Ahtrahdbeh` Eipuhety@fvarhiaht Zaspfhsejecety mfr Ehtarhktefhkc Dreias eh Lkrmur

E. Tuiikry ..................................................................................................................................... ; EE. Zadfiiahlktefhs ................................................................................................................... 4

\f tba @fvarhiaht fm Tulkh................................................................................................. 4 \f tba TCK, GAI khl ftbar rajac mkdtefhs........................................................................... 4 \f tba Qhetal Hktefhs Tadurety Dfuhdec............................................................................... < Axadutefhs............................................ :=

\ba dreias eh Pkle Tkcab..................................................................................................:0 ]E. \ba Tulkhasa Iecetkry7 Eipcaiahteh` tba ^fcedy fm Kttkdos fh Devecekhs................... 4>, :>>, :>>< ..................................................... >< ............................................................................................. 1; Bkiklk7 Gkhukry ;4—;>1 .......................................................................................... 11

D. Ohfwcal`a fm khl Dfipcedety eh tba Kttkdos jy tba Iecetkry..................................... 1=


3/93

]EE. \ba Zfca fm r̂aselaht Fikr Ac Jksber khl Hktefhkc Fmmedekcs eh Lkrmur

^fcedy............................................................................................................................................. 12 K. Oay Hktefhkc ^fcedyikoars .............................................................................................. =;

]eda-^raselaht Kce Fsikh \kbk....................................................................................... =; Ikg. @ah. Kjlurkbaai Ifbkiial Bussaeh ............................................................... =:

J. \ba Tadurety Tarvedas......................................................................................................... =: ]EEE. Ahtrahdbeh` Eipuhety...................................................................................................... = L. Lastrfyeh` Avelahda6.......................................................................................................0:

ER. Ducpkjecety fm Ehlevelukcs uhlar Ehtarhktefhkc Ckw ........................................................ 04 K. ]efcktefhs fm Ehtarhktefhkc Buikhetkrekh Ckw............................................................. 01 J. Dreias k`kehst Buikhety.................................................................................................. 00 D. Ehlevelukc Dreiehkc Zaspfhsejecety .................................................................................. 05 L. Dfiikhl Zaspfhsejecety ................................................................................................. 2>

Tuparefr-sujfrlehkta racktefhsbep.................................................................................... 2> \ba suparefr―s ohfwcal`a.................................................................................................. 2; Tuparefr luty tf tkoa hadasskry khl raksfhkjca iaksuras tf pravaht tba

dreia fr tf puhesb tba parpatrktfr................................................................................... 2: A. Ttkta Zaspfhsejecety mfr Dreias Dfiiettal jy Iecetek Iaijars............................... 24

R. \ba Zaspfhsa fm tba Ehtarhktefhkc Dfiiuhety ............................................................... 2


4/93

; BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

E. Tuiikry

Tehda Gucy :>>4, Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht mfrdas khl iecetek mfrdas, ohfwh ks –Gkhgkwaal’,

bkva dfiiettal dreias k`kehst buikhety khl wkr dreias fh k iksseva sdkca lureh`

dfuhtarehsuràhdy fparktefhs eh Lkrmur, Tulkh―s wastarh raèfh jfrlareh` Dbkl.Devecekhs bkva summaral leradt kttkdo mrfi ckhl khl ker, suiikry axadutefh, rkpa, tfrtura,

khl tba pecckèh` fm tbaer prfparty.

Iecetkry sarvedas pkrtedepkteh` eh tba kttkdos fh tba devecekh pfpucktefh eh Lkrmur ehdcula

tba ker mfrda, kriy, sadurety khl ehtacceàhda sarvedas, khl tba pkrkiecetkry ̂ fpuckr

Lamahsa Mfrdas (^LM) uhlar tba dfiikhl khl suparvesefh fm tba kriy. \basa mfrdas

bkva dfhludtal iecetkry fparktefhs eh dcfsa dffparktefh wetb tba Gkhgkwaal iecetek,

wbedb tba `fvarhiaht radruetal tbrfu`b ehmfrikc hatwfros fm ruceh` pkrty ehselars,

mfriar iecetkry parsfhhac, khl caklars fm hfikled trejas.

\ba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht kt tba be`bast cavacs es raspfhsejca mfr welasprakl khl

systaikted kjusas eh Lkrmur. Jksal fh ayawethass kddfuhts, fh-tba-`rfuhl

ehvaste`ktefhs eh Lkrmur, ̀ fvarhiaht lfduiahts, khl sadfhlkry sfurdas, Buikh Ze`bts

Pktdb jaceavas tbkt ^raselaht Fikr Ac Jksber khl ftbar sahefr `fvarhiaht fmmedekcs, tba

raèfhkc kliehestrkteva fmmedekcs eh Lkrmur, iecetkry dfiikhlars, khl iecetek caklars

sbfucl ja ehvaste`ktal mfr dreias k`kehst buikhety khl wkr dreias, aetbar ks k ikttar fm

ehlevelukc dreiehkc raspfhsejecety fr dfiikhl raspfhsejecety.

\ba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht bks mkecal tf prfsaduta sarefus dreias dfiiettal eh Lkrmur.Ehstakl fm pursueh` kddfuhtkjecety mfr wkr dreias khl dreias k`kehst buikhety

dfiiettal jy `fvarhiaht fmmedekcs khl Gkhgkwaal iaijars, et bks ikla hf àhueha

ammfrt tf ehvaste`kta“iudb cass lesdepceha fr prfsaduta“khy fm tba ehlevelukcs

raspfhsejca. Ehstakl, et bks draktal k mkdkla fm kddfuhtkjecety tbrfu`b sbki prfsadutefhs

khl draktal kl bfd ̀ fvarhiaht dfiiettaas tbkt prfluda hftbeh`.

Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb dkccs upfh tba Ehtarhktefhkc Dreiehkc Dfurt tf ehvaste`kta durraht

khl mfriar stkta ̀ fvarhfrs fm Lkrmur sudb ks Klki Bkiel Iusk, prfvehdekc

dfiiessefhars sudb ks Kjlkcckb Kce \frsbkeh, iecetkry dfiikhlars sudb ks Jre`. @ah.

Kbial Kc Bkger Ifbkiial, khl iecetek caklars sudb ks Iusk Beckc. \ba eipuhety fmsahefr devecekh khl iecetkry fmmedekcs, khl iecetek caklars bks muacal dfhtehueh` kjusas

k`kehst tba devecekh pfpucktefh.


5/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) :

\ba uhwecceh`hass fm tba Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht tf prfsaduta sarefus kjusas ramcadts k

jrfklar mkeceh` tf ravarsa –atbhed dcakhseh`’ eh Lkrmur. Ehstakl fm leskrieh` tba ieceteks,

Obkrtfui bks ehdfrpfrktal tbai ehtf sadurety, pfceda khl iecetkry mfrdas. Ehstakl fm

kdohfwcalèh` stkta raspfhsejecety mfr tba sdkca khl ̀ rkvety fm tba dreias dfiiettal eh

Lkrmur, sahefr Tulkhasa fmmedekcs dfhtehua tf fjmusdkta, lahy, khl avkla raspfhsejecety

mfr tba ktrfdeteas khl sdfrdbal akrtb dkipke`h k`kehst devecekhs eh Lkrmur. Pbeca etkppakrs tf bkva suspahlal fmmahseva iecetkry fparktefhs mfr tba ifiaht, tba Tulkhasa

caklarsbep dfhtehuas tf eipcaiaht pfcedeas tbkt pariet dfhtehueh` kttkdos fh devecekhs,

khl parpatukta k dceikta fm makr khl ehteielktefh tbrfu`b strudturkc khl ehstetutefhkc

kjusa.

Ks fm Ladaijar :>>1, ifra tbkh bkcm fm Lkrmur―s sex ieccefh pafpca“Krkjs khl hfh-

Krkjs, pkstfrkcests khl mkriars“hfw summar tba ammadts fm k dfcckpsal adfhfiy, cettca fr

hf mraalfi fm ifvaiaht, khl tba cfss fm cevacebffls mrfi cfftal khl lastrfyal

prfparty. Ifra tbkh twf ieccefh lespckdal vedteis fm –atbhed dcakhseh`’ eh Lkrmur

raikeh dfhmehal eh dkips, sfia mfr ifra tbkh twf yakrs, wbara tbay kra kcifst ahteracylapahlaht fh mfrae`h kssestkhda khl raikeh vucharkjca tf vefcahda. Ifst lespckdal

parsfhs kra uhkjca tf raturh tf tbaer rurkc bfias lua tf tba ehsadurety draktal jy

`fvarhiaht mfrdas khl Gkhgkwaal. Pbara ehlevelukcs bkva kttaiptal tf raturh, tbay mkda

dfhtehueh` bkrkssiaht khl laklcy kttkdos mrfi ̀ rfweh` huijars fm krial ̀ rfups,

ehdculeh` tba rajac ifvaiahts, eh sfia dksas kt tba bkhls fm tba skia parsfhs wbf

mfrdejcy lespckdal tbai.

Kmredkh Qhefh (K.Q.) mfrdas bkva kh eipfrtkht rfca tf pcky eh eiprfveh` sadurety khl

ehdrakseh` mraalfi fm ifvaiaht mfr tba devecekhs fm Lkrmur. Jut tbes uhkddaptkjca

setuktefh wecc pravkec ehlamehetacy, fr wfrsa, wecc sperkc fut fm dfhtrfc uhcass tba Tulkh

`fvarhiaht tkoas sarefus kdtefh tf ravarsa tba rasucts fm ets pfcedeas. \ba prfcemarktefh

khl eipuhety fm krial ̀ rfups fh kcc selas bks dfhtrejutal hft fhcy tf tba latarefrktefh

fm sadurety eh Lkrmur jut kcsf bks eipfrtkht raèfhkc eipcedktefhs, ehdculeh` mfr

hae`bjfreh` Dbkl, wbara stkjecety es ehdrakseh`cy pradkrefus.

Uat tba Tulkhasa caklarsbep bks sbfwh hf se`h tbkt et es prapkral tf muhlkiahtkccy

dbkhà ets pfcedeas. Em tba fh`feh` kjusas eh Lkrmur kra tf ja stfppal, khl em atbhed

dcakhseh` es tf ja ravarsal tbah tba Qhetal Hktefhs (Q.H.) Tadurety Dfuhdec, raèfhkc

jfleas, khl ftbar ̀ fvarhiahts iust sbkrpcy ehdraksa tbaer skhdtefhs fh tba Tulkhasa

`fvarhiaht mfr buikh re`bts dreias.


6/93

4 BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

EE. Zadfiiahlktefhs

\f tba @fvarhiaht fm Tulkh

• Tuspahl mrfi fmmedekc luty, ehvaste`kta, khl muccy prfsaduta kcc devecekh khl

iecetkry parsfhhac -- ehdculeh` `fvarhiaht fmmedekcs, iecetkry khl iecetekdfiikhlars, sfclears, pfceda fmmedars, khl ^LM iaijars -- eipcedktal mfr

ehlevelukc fr dfiikhl raspfhsejecety mfr sarefus vefcktefhs fm ehtarhktefhkc

buikh re`bts khl buikhetkrekh ckw eh Lkrmur.

• Muccy dffparkta wetb khl mkdecetkta tba Ehtarhktefhkc Dreiehkc Dfurt's

ehvaste`ktefh eh Lkrmur, khl pariet ehvaste`ktfrs mucc khl uheipalal kddass

tbrfu`bfut Tulkh wbedb sbfucl ehdcula kddass tf kcc pftahtekc khl kdtukc

wethassas khl iktarekc.

• Astkjcesb kh ehtarhktefhkccy ifhetfral dfipahsktefh muhl mfr vedteis fm buikh

re`bts vefcktefhs khl wkr dreias eh Lkrmur.

• Zaifva kcc fjstkdcas tf tba lapcfyiaht fm tba K.Q. Iessefh eh Tulkh (KIET)

ehdculeh` jy7 axpaleteh` dcakrkhda khl mucc ifvaiaht khl kddass tbrfu`bfut

Lkrmur fm krifral parsfhhac dkrrears khl ftbar aquepiaht, suppceas khl,

parsfhhac raquastal jy KIET? suppfrteh` ahbkhdal prftadtefh fm devecekhs

ehdculeh` prfkdteva pktrfcceh`? khl, daksa fjstrudteh` KIET prftadtefh ammfrts.

• Ehdcula eh khy pakda k`raaiaht wetb tba rajac ̀ rfups prfvesefhs raetarkteh` tba

fjce`ktefh fm kcc pkrteas tf tba dfhmcedt tf raspadt buikh re`bts khl kjela jy

ehtarhktefhkc buikhetkrekh ckw? ahsura tbkt tbara es hf kihasty mrfi prfsadutefh

mfr parsfhs eipcedktal eh sarefus vefcktefhs fm ehtarhktefhkc buikh re`bts khl

buikhetkrekh ckw.

\f tba TCK, GAI khl ftbar rajac mkdtefhs

• \koa kcc kpprfprekta kdtefh tf pravaht khl puhesb buikh re`bts kjusas, khl

vefcktefhs fm ehtarhktefhkc buikhetkrekh ckw jy rajac dfiikhlars khl

dfijktkhts, ehdculeh`7

f kjludtefh fm khl ftbar kttkdos fh devecekhs, kel wfroars, khl KIET hfh-

dfijktkhts?

f ehtarmarahda wetb buikhetkrekh dfhvfys khl ftbar lestrejutefh fm

buikhetkrekh kssestkhda?

f radruetiaht khl usa fm dbecl sfclears? khl

f fjstrudtefh fm devecekh mraalfi fm ifvaiaht.

• Ehdcula eh khy pakda k`raaiaht wetb tba Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht prfvesefhs

raetarkteh` tba fjce`ktefh fm kcc pkrteas tf tba dfhmcedt tf raspadt buikh re`bts khl


7/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) <

kjela jy ehtarhktefhkc buikhetkrekh ckw? ahsura tbkt tbara es hf kihasty mrfi

prfsadutefh mfr parsfhs eipcedktal eh sarefus vefcktefhs fm ehtarhktefhkc buikh

re`bts khl buikhetkrekh ckw.

\f tba Qhetal Hktefhs Tadurety Dfuhdec

• ^kss k rasfcutefh dkcceh` fh tba Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht tf7 suspahl mrfi luty,

ehvaste`kta, khl prfsaduta ̀ fvarhiaht fmmedekcs, iecetkry khl iecetek

dfiikhlars, sfclears, ̂ LM iaijars, khl pfceda fmmedars raspfhsejca mfr sarefus

vefcktefhs fm ehtarhktefhkc buikh re`bts khl buikhetkrekh ckw? astkjcesb kh

ehtarhktefhkccy ifhetfral dfipahsktefh muhl mfr vedteis fm buikh re`bts

vefcktefhs khl wkr dreias? muccy dffparkta wetb tba EDD? stfp fjstrudteh` KIET

fparktefhs? khl suppfrt prfkdteva pktrfcceh` khl ftbar KIET iaksuras tf

prftadt devecekhs.

• Zahaw tba ikhlkta fm tba Tkhdtefhs Dfiiettaa ^khac fm Axparts khl ahsura

tbkt ets radfiiahlktefhs kra prfiptcy eipcaiahtal jy tba TkhdtefhsDfiiettaa fm tba Tadurety Dfuhdec, khl tbkt k cest fm ehlevelukcs aceèjca mfr

skhdtefhs es prfiptcy dfipecal khl pahkcteas eiialektacy pckdal fh tbfsa

ehlevelukcs elahtemeal ks eh vefcktefh fm rasfcutefh ;15;.

• Ehstrudt tba Lapkrtiaht fm âkdaoaapeh` Fparktefhs tf wfro dcfsacy wetb tba

K.Q. tf ehtahsemy k raveaw fm cfh`-tari prftadtefh haals eh Lkrmur khl bfw

eiprfval prftadtefh dkh ja kdbeaval tbrfu`b dcfsar dfcckjfrktefh.

\f tba Kmredkh Qhefh

•

Dkhdac pckhs tf dfhvaha kh axtrkfrlehkry suiiet fm tba K.Q. sdbalucal mfr Gkhukry :>>=, eh Obkrtfui, khl ahsura tbkt Tulkhasa ^raselaht Fikr Ac Jksber

es hft acadtal tf tba praselahdy fm tba K.Q.

• Eiialektacy strah`tbah tba lapcfyiaht fm iecetkry trffps khl devecekh pfceda eh

KIET, khl dckremy tba rucas fm ah`kàiaht tf ahsura tba usa fm laklcy mfrda jy

KIET trffps tf prftadt k`kehst tbrakts tf khl kttkdos fh devecekhs.

• Pfro dcfsacy wetb tba Qhetal Hktefhs tf ehtahsemy k raveaw fm cfh`-tari

prftadtefh haals eh Lkrmur khl bfw eiprfval prftadtefh dkh ja kdbeaval

tbrfu`b dcfsar dfcckjfrktefh.

• Dkcc fh tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht tf7 suspahl mrfi luty, ehvaste`kta khl

prfsaduta ̀ fvarhiaht fmmedekcs, iecetkry khl iecetek dfiikhlars, sfclears, ̂ LM

iaijars, khl pfceda fmmedars raspfhsejca mfr sarefus vefcktefhs fm ehtarhktefhkc

buikh re`bts khl buikhetkrekh ckw? astkjcesb kh ehtarhktefhkccy ifhetfral

dfipahsktefh muhl mfr vedteis fm dreias? muccy dffparkta wetb tba EDD? daksa


8/93


fjstrudteh` KIET fparktefhs, khl suppfrt prf-kdteva pktrfcceh` khl tba usa fm

laklcy mfrda jy KIET trffps tf prftadt devecekhs.

• Ahsura tbkt khy pakda k`raaiaht jatwaah tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht khl rajac

`rfups raetarktas tba fjce`ktefh fm kcc pkrteas tf tba dfhmcedt tf raspadt buikh

re`bts khl kjela jy ehtarhktefhkc buikhetkrekh ckw? ahsura tbkt tbara es hf

kihasty mrfi prfsadutefh mfr parsfhs eipcedktal eh sarefus vefcktefhs fm

ehtarhktefhkc buikh re`bts khl buikhetkrekh ckw.

\f tba Kmredkh Qhefh Iessefh eh Tulkh (KIET)

• ^rfkdtevacy khl k``rassevacy ahmfrda tba axesteh` ikhlkta tf prftadt devecekhs.

^rfkdtevacy pktrfc khl, wbara hadasskry, usa laklcy mfrda tf prftadt k`kehst

tbrakts tf khl kttkdos fh devecekhs.

• Te`h k dffparktefh k`raaiaht khl muccy dffparkta wetb tba Ehtarhktefhkc

Dreiehkc Dfurt ehdculeh` jy prftadteh` ikss `rkvas khl ftbar mfrahsed avelahda

eh Lkrmur.

\f tba Ehtarhktefhkc Dreiehkc Dfurt (EDD)

• Ehvaste`kta khl prfsaduta sahefr devecekh fmmedekcs kt kcc cavacs fm `fvarhiaht,

ehdculeh` ̂ raselaht Fikr Ac Jksber, ks wacc ks stkta ̀ fvarhfrs, prfvehdekc

dfiiessefhars, khl ehlevelukcs eh tba mfrikc iecetkry dbkeh fm dfiikhl, wbf

wara raspfhsejca mfr wkr dreias khl dreias k`kehst buikhety eh Lkrmur.

\f tba Qhetal Ttktas, Aurfpakh Qhefh khl Dkhklk

• Axart ikxeiui pfcetedkc prassura fh tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht tf7 suspahl

mrfi luty, ehvaste`kta khl prfsaduta `fvarhiaht fmmedekcs, iecetkry khl iecetek

dfiikhlars, sfclears, pfceda fmmedars, khl ̂ LM iaijars raspfhsejca mfr

sarefus vefcktefhs fm ehtarhktefhkc buikh re`bts khl buikhetkrekh ckw? astkjcesb

kh ehtarhktefhkccy ifhetfral dfipahsktefh muhl mfr vedteis fm dreias? muccy

dffparkta wetb tba EDD? daksa fjstrudteh` KIET fparktefhs khl suppfrt prf-

kdteva pktrfcceh` khl tba usa fm laklcy mfrda jy KIET trffps tf prftadt

devecekhs.

• ^rfvela ehdraksal mehkhdekc khl tadbhedkc rasfurdas tf KIET tf strah`tbah ets

dkpkdety tf prftadt devecekhs.

• Dffparkta muccy wetb tba EDD eh ets dreiehkc ehvaste`ktefhs.

• Zastfra tba $1> ieccefh lfcckrs eh muhleh` mfr KIET tbkt wks raifval eh

Fdtfjar :>>1 mrfi tba :>>= Mfrae`h Fparktefhs Kpprfprektefhs jecc.


9/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) =

EEE. Jkdo`rfuhl

Pbah tba prfjcais wetb tba rajacs stkrtal eh Lkrmur, wa eh tba `fvarhiaht fm Tulkh

bkl k huijar fm fptefhs. Pa dbfsa tba wrfh` fha. Pa dbfsa tba vary wfrst fha.

“Mfriar @fvarhfr fm Hfrtb Lkrmur Ct. @ah. Ejrkbei Tucaeikh;

Ehdrakseh` tahsefhs eh Tulkh―s wastarh raèfh fm Lkrmur asdkcktal ehtf krial dfhmcedt eh

akrcy :>>4. Eh Kprec :>>4, tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht ehetektal k iucte-prfhàl strkta`y eh

raspfhsa tf kh ehsuràhdy cal jy twf rajac ifvaiahts, tba Tulkh Cejarktefh

Kriy/Ifvaiaht (TCK/I) khl tba Gusteda khl Aqukcety Ifvaiaht (GAI). \ba

`fvarhiaht―s raspfhsa lraw upfh tkdteds usal eh tba devec wkrs eh sfutbarh Tulkh khl

tba Hujk Ifuhtkehs7 karekc jfijkrliaht, tba radruetiaht fm atbhed ieceteks ks prfxy

`rfuhl mfrdas, mfrdal lespckdaiaht“fh kh atbhed jkses“fm rurkc devecekhs fh k iksseva

sdkca, khl parsadutefh fm rakc fr pardaeval pfcetedkc fppfsetefh.

\ba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht―s radruetiaht khl lapcfyiaht fm iecetek mfrdas, khl ets

strkta`y fm tkràteh` devecekhs mrfi spademed atbhed ̀ rfups tf dfijkt tba rajac ehsuràhdy

rasuctal eh dreias k`kehst buikhety khl wkr dreias. Ehtarhktefhkc ckw lamehas dreias

k`kehst buikhety ks dreiehkc kdts dfiiettal ks pkrt fm k welasprakl fr systaikted kttkdo

fh k devecekh pfpucktefh, wbatbar lureh` pakdateia fr wkr. Pkr dreias kra sarefus

vefcktefhs fm ehtarhktefhkc buikhetkrekh ckw (tba ckws fm wkr) tbkt ehdur ehlevelukc

dreiehkc raspfhsejecety. Ttktas bkva kh fjce`ktefh uhlar ehtarhktefhkc ckw tf prfsaduta

tbfsa eipcedktal eh dreias k`kehst buikhety khl wkr dreias.

Dreias k`kehst buikhety khl wkr dreias dfiiettal jy Tulkhasa iecetkry khl iecetek

mfrdas bkva ehdculal tba tkràtal oecceh`, suiikry axadutefh, ksskuct khl rkpa fm

tbfuskhls fm devecekhs, tba lastrudtefh fm buhlrals fm vecckàs, tba tbamt fm ieccefhs fm

cevastfdo, khl tba mfrdal lespckdaiaht fm ifra tbkh twf ieccefh pafpca. :

Fvarwbacieh`cy tkràtal wara dfiiuheteas sbkreh` tba atbhedety fm fr àf`rkpbed

; Tdftt Khlarsfh, –Bfw Lel Lkrmur Bkppah6’ \ba Haw Ufro \eias Ik`kzeha, Fdtfjar ;0, :>>>


10/93


prfxeiety tf tba twf ikeh rajac ifvaiahts.4 \basa atbhed `rfups ehetekccy ehdculal tba

Ikskcet, Mur, khl Wk`bkwk, khl cktar axpkhlal tf ehdcula dfiiuheteas fm Lkgf, \uhgur,

Iaelfj, Gajac, Jarte, khl ftbar hfh-Krkj trejas.

Eh ikhy dksas lfduiahtal jy Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, tbara wks cettca tf hf rajac fr

krial prasahda eh tba tkràtal vecckàs kt tba teia fm tba kttkdos, khl tba kttkdos wara

dcakrcy keial kt tba devecekh pfpucktefh. Avah eh dksas wbara tbara wks k rajac prasahda,

tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht―s kttkdos ikla hf kttaipt tf lesdreiehkta jatwaah

dfijktkhts khl devecekhs, fr lesprfpfrtefhktacy bkrial devecekhs jayfhl tba axpadtal

iecetkry klvkhtkà fm tba kttkdo, eh vefcktefh fm ehtarhktefhkc buikhetkrekh ckw.

\ba rajac `rfups eh Lkrmur kra kcsf raspfhsejca mfr sarefus kjusas, ehdculeh` oecceh`s,

rkpa khl kjludtefhs fm devecekhs, kttkdos fh buikhetkrekh dfhvfys, khl tbamt fm cevastfdo,

tbkt kra wkr dreias.>>>1, KIET bkl ehdraksal ets mfrdas tf kpprfxeiktacy savah tbfuskhl parsfhhac

ehdculeh` =2= iecetkry fjsarvars, trffps khl ;,;0= devecekh pfceda. Ets ikhlkta wks

axpkhlal jayfhl daksamera ifhetfreh` tf ehdcula dfhtrejuteh` –tf k sadura ahverfhiaht

mfr tba lacevary fm buikhetkrekh raceam khl, jayfhl tbkt, tba raturh fm EL^s khl ramuàas

tf tbaer bfias,’ ks wacc ks prftadtefh fm devecekhs uhlar –eiiehaht tbrakt.’1

4 Ks fm Gucy :>>1, tba Q.H. asteiktal tbkt tbara wara ;.22 ieccefh ehtarhkccy lespckdal parsfhs eh Lkrmur, ifra

tbkh twf buhlral tbfuskhl ramuàas eh Dbkl, khl k tftkc pfpucktefh fm 4.: ieccefh –kmmadtal’ pafpca“iakheh`

tbkt eh klletefh tf tba lespckdal pfpucktefh tbara kra ;.4: ieccefh pafpca wbf wara hft lespckdal jy tba dfhmcedt

jut wbf kcsf bkva buikhetkrekh haals ks k rasuct fm tba dfhmcedt. Qhetal Hktefhs, –Lkrmur Buikhetkrekh ̂ rfmeca

Hf. ;=, Tetuktefh ks fm Gucy ;, :>>1.’

< Pbeca tbasa kra sarefus dreias tbkt raquera murtbar ehvaste`ktefh, kddfuhtkjecety, khl rastetutefh mfr tba vedteis,

khl iky kifuht tf wkr dreias, tbasa dreias kra hft tba mfdus fm tbes rapfrt. Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb bks

lfduiahtal kjusas jy tba rajac ifvaiahts, spademedkccy tba usa fm dbecl sfclears, kjludtefhs, cffteh`, kh

kttkdo fh k bfspetkc, khl ehdelahts fm ehlesdreiehkta oecceh` fm devecekhs“saa Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb7 –Em Pa Zaturh

Pa Pecc Ja Oeccal,’ pp. 4:-45, khl –Lkrmur eh Mckias,’ p. 45. Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb bks jaah uhkjca tf muccy

lfduiaht rajac kjusas lua tf ehsummedeaht kddass tf ̀ fvarhiaht-dfhtrfccal kraks fm Lkrmur. Tehda tba dfhmcedt eh

Lkrmur ja`kh, Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb rasakrdbars bkva fhcy radaeval vesks fhda, mfr k veset tf tba dfuhtry eh

Taptaijar-Fdtfjar :>>>>< khl :>>1.

1 \ba mucc taxt fm tbes prfvesefh eh tba KIET ikhlkta es7

^rftadt devecekhs wbfi et ahdfuhtars uhlar eiiehaht tbrakt khl eh tba eiialekta vedehety, wetbeh rasfurdas khl

dkpkjecety, et jaeh` uhlarstffl tbkt tba prftadtefh fm tba devecekh pfpucktefh es tba raspfhsejecety fm tba @fT


11/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 2

\ba daksamera k`raaiaht bks jaah rapaktalcy vefcktal jy kcc pkrteas7 Tulkhasa

`fvarhiaht khl Gkhgkwaal mfrdas dfhtehua iecetkry fparktefhs k`kehst rajac mfrdas,

ehdculeh` kttkdos k`kehst tba devecekh pfpucktefh. Zajac mfrdas dfhtehua tf kttkdo khl

cfft ̀ fvarhiaht mkdeceteas, ehdculeh` iecetkry khl pfceda jksas.

\ba parvkseva pkttarh fm `fvarhiaht-iecetek dffrlehktal kttkdos fh vecckàs bks ladcehal

eh :>>1 eh dfipkresfh wetb pravefus yakrs, jut tbes es ckràcy jadkusa ifst fm tba

tkràtal pfpucktefh bks kcrakly jaah lespckdal mrfi tba ifst marteca, laserkjca rurkc

kraks. \wf ieccefh lespckdal devecekhs surveva eh k dceikta fm makr, ehteielktefh, khl

vefcahda, uhkjca tf raturh tf tbaer bfias khl rastredtal tf lespckdal parsfhs dkips lua

tf dfhtehueh` krjetrkry krrast fr rkpa, ksskuct, khl iurlar wbah tbay cakva tba rackteva

sadurety fm tba dkips. Ifra tbkh fha ieccefh klletefhkc dfhmcedt-kmmadtal devecekhs raquera

mffl khl ftbar kssestkhda tf surveva. \ba dfhtehueh` vefcahda, khl tba parvkseva dceikta

fm makr wetbeh tba trkuiktezal lespckdal dfiiuheteas, iakhs tbkt tba sadurety raqueral

mfr vfcuhtkry khl skma raturh fm tba lespckdal parsfhs“kh eipfrtkht dfhletefh mfr tba

ravarskc fm atbhed dcakhseh`“lfas hft axest.

Jaèhheh` eh Kuùst :>>1, khl dfhtehueh` eh tba cakl-up tf tba savahtb rfuhl fm tba

K.Q.-ialektal pakda tkcos jaeh` bacl eh Kjugk, Heàrek, eh Ladaijar :>>1, vefcahda eh

Lkrmur asdkcktal. Et hfw ehdculas kt cakst mfur lemmaraht pkttarhs fm vefcahda7 ;) iecetkry

fparktefhs jy ̀ fvarhiaht mfrdas khl rajac ̀ rfups? :) atbhed dcksbas cehoal tf trkletefhkc

tahsefhs fvar rasfurdas sudb ks ckhl khl wktar? 4) jkhletry khl fppfrtuhested dreia? khl

, :>>< kt bttp7//www.kmredk-

uhefh.fr`/HawsVAvahts/Dfiiuhequås/Dfiiuhequå%:>VAh`%:>:>%:>fdt%:>:>>


12/93


`rakt reso. \ba dfhletefhs haalal mfr tba ravarskc fm atbhed dcakhseh`“sadurety,

kddfuhtkjecety, khl kh ahl tf ehteielktefh khl dfardefh“wecc hft ja iat.

E]. @rfuhl Mfrdas fm –Atbhed Dcakhseh`’=7 tba –Gkhgkwaal’ Ieceteks

_Eh LkrmurY tbara kra sdkttaral trejas jkttceh` fvar iakàr rasfurdas. \bara es hf

fr`khezktefh, axdapt mfr tba rajacs…. _\ba ieceteksY bkva hf bearkrdby. \ba

caklarsbep fm tba treja dkh ja lesputal khl pafpca kra kdteh` fh tbaer fwh kt teias,

wetbfut tba ohfwcalà fm tba treja.

--Lr. Kjluc-Ifheai Fsikh Ifbkiial \kbk, bakl fm tba Tulkh

Buikh Ze`bts Klvesfry Dfuhdec0

Laspeta parsestaht Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht dbkrkdtarezktefh fm tba Lkrmur dfhmcedt ks k

–trejkc dfhmcedt,’ khl rapaktal lahekcs fm stkta dffrlehktefh fm kjuseva iecetek ̀ rfups,

tbara es erramutkjca avelahda fm k Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht pfcedy fm systaikted suppfrt mfr,dffrlehktefh fm, khl eipuhety mrfi prfsadutefh `rkhtal tf tba –Gkhgkwaal ieceteks,’ k

pfcedy tbkt dfhtehuas tf tbes lky.

\ba cfèd jabehl tbes pfcedy es dcakr. Lestrusteh` tba krial mfrdas, ikhy fm wbfi wara

freèhkccy mrfi Lkrmur, tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht radruetal tba –Gkhgkwaal’ ieceteks ks

tba ikeh ̀ rfuhl mfrdas mfr tba `fvarhiaht―s dfuhtarehsuràhdy dkipke`h eh Lkrmur.2

= Kctbfu`b –atbhed dcakhseh`’ es hft mfrikccy lamehal uhlar ehtarhktefhkc ckw, k Q.H. Dfiiessefh fm Axparts bks

lamehal tba tari ks k –purpfsamuc pfcedy lase`hal jy fha atbhed fr raceèfus `rfup tf raifva jy vefcaht khl

tarrfr-ehspereh` iakhs tba devecekh pfpucktefh fm khftbar atbhed fr raceèfus ̀ rfup mrfi dartkeh ̀ af`rkpbed kraks.

. . . \bes purpfsa kppakrs tf ja tba fddupktefh fm tarretfry tf tba axdcusefh fm tba puràl `rfup fr `rfups.’

Zapfrt fm tba Qhetal Hktefhs Dfiiessefh fm Axparts Astkjcesbal ̂ ursukht tf Tadurety Dfuhdec Zasfcutefh 02>

(;55:), Iky :0, ;552 (;554), 2:> (;554), khl 5


13/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) ;>

Kctbfu`b tba `fvarhiaht essual k `aharkc dkcc tf kris, radruetiaht wks sacadteva khl

jksal fh atbhedety. Dartkeh atbhed `rfups wetb bestfredkc `reavkhdas k`kehst tbfsa atbhed

`rfups dfhstetuteh` tba rajac ifvaiahts fr wetb strfh` ehtarasts eh `keheh` kddass tf

ckhl khl ftbar rasfurdas jadkia tba ikehstky fm tba `fvarhiaht―s iecetek mfrda.5

\f suddassmuccy radruet tbasa `rfups, tba Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht prfvelal ehdahtevas eh

tba mfri fm pkyiaht khl kddass tf cfft, ks wacc ks prfiesas fm kddass tf ckhl khl

kliehestrkteva pfwar. Tulkhasa fmmedekcs kcsf elahtemeal oay trejkc caklars mrfi tba

hfrtbarh Zezea`kt tf dffrlehkta tba radruetiaht7 Tbaeob Iusk Beckc, k caklar fm tba Qi

Gkcuc dckh fm tba Ikbkiel, jadkia tba cyhdbpeh mfr radruetiaht fm ieceteks eh hfrtbarh

Lkrmur. Tehda Guha :>>4, ba bks jadfia aijcaikted fm tba rfca fm tba iecetek mfrdas eh

tba kttkdos fh devecekhs khl tba eipuhety dfhmarral upfh tbai jy tba Tulkhasa

`fvarhiaht.

K. Iusk Beckc7 Cyhdbpeh fm Iecetek Zadruetiaht

\ba wfrst ktrfdeteas kra dfiiettal jy tba Qi Gkcuc fm Iusk Beckc jadkusa

bestfredkccy tbay bkva tahsefhs wetb tba Mur khl Wk`bkwk. \bay―ra kcc dkiac barlars,

hft dkttca barlars, khl tbay bkva hf raspadt mfr mkriars, tbay bkva k suparefrety

dfipcax khl tbay haal tbaer dkiacs. Pbah tba wkr stkrtal, tba Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht

ksoal Iusk Beckc tf ja tba caklar fm tba Gkhgkwaal.

--Hautrkc Krkj hfikled caklar mrfi Past Lkrmur;>

iecetkry cfssas mfr tba ̀ fvarhiaht kriy, pkrtcy jadkusa cfdkc kriy trffps khl pfceda lamadtal tf tba rajaccefh.

\rkhsdrept fm kh ehtarveaw jy K.Q. parsfhhac wetb mfriar ca`kc klvesfr tf tba ieceteks eh Oajokjeyk, Fdtfjar

:>>s khl sfiateias avah ks mkr jkdo ks tba ;5=>s. \basa bestfredkc tahsefhs kllal tf tba

kppakc fm tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht ehdahtevas eh tba mfri fm pkyiaht khl kddass tf cfft, ks wacc ks prfiesas

fm kddass tf ckhl khl kliehestrkteva pfwar. Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaws wetb buhlrals fm raprasahtktevas fm

Krkj khl hfh-Krkj atbhed `rfups, dfiiuhety caklars, lespckdal ehlevelukcs khl Lkrmur fmmedekcs, Majrukry :>>>1. Taa kcsf pravefus Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb rapfrts.

;> Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, Wkceh`ae, Past Lkrmur, Fdtfjar ;2, :>>


14/93

;; BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

Tbaeob Iusk Beckc bks jadfia ehtarhktefhkccy syhfhyifus wetb tba Gkhgkwaal, tba

`fvarhiaht-jkdoal ieceteks wbf bkva akrhal hftfreaty mfr tbaer jrutkc kttkdos eh Lkrmur

fvar tba pkst maw yakrs.;; Bes rfca eh tba dreias dfiiettal eh Lkrmur khl bes durraht

mraalfi wetbeh Tulkh“mcyeh` eh Tulkhasa iecetkry trkhspfrt jatwaah bes bfias khl

wevas eh Obkrtfui khl bes jksa eh Iestareyk, Hfrtb Lkrmur“eccustrkta tba jrfklar rfca

khl eipuhety fm tba ieceteks tbrfu`bfut Lkrmur.

\ba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht bks rapaktalcy stktal tbkt et dkhhft pursua ehlevelukcs

raspfhsejca mfr dreias eh Lkrmur em tba vedteis khl wethassas kra uhkjca fr uhwecceh` tf

hkia tbai. Lr. Kjluc Ifheai Fsikh \kbk, bakl fm tba `fvarhiaht―s Klvesfry

Dfuhdec fh Buikh Ze`bts (khl jrftbar tf Tulkhasa ]eda-^raselaht Kce Fsikh \kbk)

tfcl Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb eh Fdtfjar :>>>1, Iusk

Beckc raikehs kt cejarty, mraa mrfi khy ehvaste`ktefh fr prfsadutefh mfr bes rfca eh

huiarfus kttkdos eh Lkrmur.

Tehda :>>4, Beckc bks fparktal mrfi bes jksa eh Iestareyk, sfutbwast fm Oajokjeyk eh

Hfrtb Lkrmur, uhlar tba leradtefh fm tba Tulkhasa kriy? bes eiialekta suparefr es k

Tulkhasa kriy fmmedar hkial Ct. Dfc. Kjluc Pkbel Tkel Kce Tkel. Iestareyk es hfw fha

fm tba ckràst iecetek trkeheh` jksas eh tba raèfh, kctbfu`b ehetekccy et wks iaracy k sktacceta

sattcaiaht fm tba hfikled Qi Gkcuc. Ceautahkht Dfcfhac Kjluc Pkbel muhdtefhs ks fha

fm tba ikeh cekesfhs jatwaah tba Gkhgkwaal ieceteks radruetal khl trkehal eh Iestareyk khl

tba Tulkhasa kriy.;1 Ba es rapfrtal tf ja tba dfiikhlar fm tba ieceteks ohfwh ks tba

;; Taa kcsf tba prfmeca fm Iusk Beckc eh Gucea Mceht khl Kcax la Pkkc, Lkrmur7 K Tbfrt Bestfry fm k Cfh` Pkr ,

(Cfhlfh7 Wal Jffos), pp. 4=-=1.

;: Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaws wetb Lr. Kjluc-Ifheai Fsikh Ifbkiial \kbk, bakl fm tba Buikh Ze`bts

Klvesfry Dfuhdec, khl ftbar `fvarhiaht fmmedekcs, Fdtfjar ;>-;;, :>>>< rapfrts. Taa –Lkrmur Lastrfyal,’ –Lkrmur Lfduiahts Dfhmeri @fvarhiaht ̂ fcedy fm Iecetek Tuppfrt,’ khl

–\kràteh` tba Mur’kt www.brw.fr`.

;< Ikbkiel (ehdculeh` Qi Gkcuc) khl Ikbkreyk kra twf jrkhdbas fm tba hfrtbarh Zezae`kt.

;1 \rkhsdrepts fm K.Q. ehtarveaws wetb Ct. Dfc. Kjluc Pkbel Tkel Kce Tkel khl mfriar ca`kc klvesfr tf tba jfrlar

ehtacceàhda jre`kla eh Iestareyk, Fdtfjar :>>>< — Gucy :>>1.


15/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) ;:

–jfrlar ehtacceàhda jre`kla’ eh Iestareyk khl Iusk Beckc es tba sadfhl eh dfiikhl.;=

Tfia fm tba mfrdas eh Iestareyk kra ohfwh ks Kc Iftkbkreo Kc Obkmem, Kc Tkrek, Kc Ifrak

fr tba Ifjeca, Ce`bt, [uedo khl Bfrrejca mfrdas.;0 Kddfrleh` tf k mfriar ca`kc klvesfr tf

tba jre`kla, Ct Dfc Kjluc Pkbel―s frlars mfr tba jre`kla dfia leradtcy mrfi tba

Tulkhasa kriy baklqukrtars eh Mksber.;2

Eh k Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb Iusk Beckc, ba laheal tbkt ba dfiikhlal khy

–iecetkry ̀ rfup.’ Ba stktal tbkt bes iah kra kcwkys uhlar tba dfiikhl fm tba iecetkry

khl tbkt ba wks iaracy k –dffrlehktfr.’ Beckc tfcl Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, –\ba trkeheh`,

tba uhemfris, tba ̀ uhs, tbay kra tba raspfhsejecety fm tba ̀ fvarhiaht.’ Beckc skel tbkt ba

khl bes iah wara ehvfcval eh wbkt ba dkccal –gfeht pktrfcs’ eh tba krak mrfi Wkcehàe tf

Kjktk tf Outui (kh krak tbkt axtahls mrfi sfutbwast fm Gajac Ikrrk hfrtb krfuhl Gajac

Ikrrk khl ehdculas iudb fm dahtrkc Hfrtb Lkrmur), khl tbkt tba Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht

bkl prfvelal tbai wetb wakpfhs mfr tbasa pktrfcs.;5 \ba raspfhsejca kriy fmmedekcs

dfhmeri tbkt kcc fm Beckc―s fparktefhs bkva jaah uhlar tba dfhtrfc fm tba kriy.:>

Huiarfus dfiiuhety caklars mrfi lemmaraht pkrts fm Lkrmur, ehtarveawal ehlapahlahtcy

jy Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, skel tbkt Iusk Beckc bacl k caklarsbep rfca eh tba \kgkiu kc

Krkje fr Krkj @ktbareh` (fr Dfkcetefh fr Kccekhda) sehda tba ;55>s. Ba bkl dcfsa teas tf

Ikg. @ah. Kjlkcckb Tkme ac Hfur, kh Eraqkt mrfi Lkrmur khl mfriar ker mfrda pecft, wbf

wks tba `fvarhfr fm Hfrtb Lkrmur mrfi :>>> tf Gkhukry :>>:, khl k malarkc iehestar eh

Obkrtfui eh :>>4-:>>>>>>< lfduiaht fjtkehal jy Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, kccaàlcy

mrfi Ct Dfc Kjluc Pkbel, es kllrassal tf tba dfiikhlars fm tba Pastarh Iecetkry Krak, \rkeheh` khl

Fparktefhs Lapkrtiaht, Ehtacceàhda khl Tadurety Lapkrtiaht, khl tba leradtfrs fm tba Tadurety, Iecetkry

Ehtacceàhda khl Hktefhkc Tadurety khl tba Kih Egkje _spadekc saduretyY. \ba lfduiaht lasdrejas vkrefus

leradtevas tf –Krkj caklars’ tbrfu`bfut Lkrmur, ehdculeh` tf –eipcaiaht tba keis fm tba Krkj Dfkcetefh eh Lkrmur.’

Lfduiaht fh meca wetb Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb.

;5 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb Iusk Beckc, Obkrtfui, Taptaijar :0, :>> Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb Ikg. @ah. Ifbkial Mkzay, Tulkh kriy, Mksber, Hfrtb Lkrmur, Fdtfjar

=, :>>>>><

leradteva fjtkehal jy Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, kccaàlcy mrfi Ct Dfc Kjluc Pkbel, dfiikhlar fm tba Ce`bt khl

Mre`btmuc Mfrdas, es kllrassal tf tba dfiikhlars fm tba Pastarh Iecetkry Krak, \rkeheh` khl Fparktefhs

Lapkrtiaht, Ehtacceàhda khl Tadurety Lapkrtiaht, khl tba leradtfrs fm tba Tadurety, Iecetkry Ehtacceàhda khl

Hktefhkc Tadurety khl tba Kih kc Egkje _spadekc saduretyY. \ba lfduiaht lasdrejas vkrefus leradtevas tf –Krkj


16/93

;4 BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

trejkc tahsefhs ehdraksal lrkiktedkccy lua tf pardaptefhs tbkt tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht

wks kce`heh` etsacm wetb khl krieh` tba Krkj ieceteks.:: –Pkce Tkme kc Hfur, kh kriy

fmmedar, es tba fha wbf `kva Krkjs tba kutbfrety tf lavkstkta tba mkris,’ k `rfup fm Mur

khl \uhgur dfiiuhety caklars mrfi Hfrtb Lkrmur tfcl Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb.:4

\ba `fvarhfr wbf mfccfwal Tkme ac Hfur eh Hfrtb Lkrmur eh :>>:, Ct. @ah. Ejrkbei

Tucaeikh Bksskh, kh atbhed Jarte mrfi Hfrtb Lkrmur khl ruceh` pkrty iaijar, wks

dfhdarhal kjfut tba ehdrakseh` tahsefhs eh Lkrmur. Et wks lureh` @fvarhfr Ejrkbei

Tucaeikh―s tahura ks dbker fm tba Hfrtb Lkrmur stkta sadurety dfiiettaa tbkt Beckc wks

latkehal khl saht tf presfh eh ^frt Tulkh.:4 kttkdo fh Mksber? k maw

lkys kmtar tbes kttkdo, @fvarhfr Ejrkbei Tucaeikh wks raifval mrfi bes pfst jy

^raselaht Ac Jksber. Qpfh raturheh` tf Lkrmur eh Guha :>>4, Beckc jksal beisacm eh tba

Oajokjeyk krak khl fr`khezal k iaateh` fm tba caklars fm kcc tba cfdkc Krkj trejasiah,

ehdculeh` tba Kwckl Zksbel, Eraqkt khl Qi Gkcuc.:0

caklars’ tbrfu`bfut Lkrmur, ehdculeh` tf –eipcaiaht tba keis fm tba Krkj Dfkcetefh eh Lkrmur’ khl ahls wetb

`raateh`s tf Iusk Beckc, –Tadratkry, Krkj Dfkcetefh Ifvaiaht eh Lkrmur’ khl tbkhos tf Kjlkcckb Tkme ac Hfur.

Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb bks hft jaah kjca tf varemy tba kutbahtedety fm tbes lfduiaht, bfwavar.

:: Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaws wetb dfiiuhety caklars mrfi tba Wk`bkwk, Jarte khl \uhgur atbhed ̀ rfups,

Hfrtb Lkrmur, Gucy :>>>>>>


17/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) ;<

Kddfrleh` tf k parsfh prasaht kt tba Oajokjeyk iaateh`, Iusk Beckc frlaral trejasiah

tf kttkdo khl jurh hfh-Krkj vecckàs khl cfft cevastfdo. Ba rapfrtalcy skel, –\ba

`fvarhiaht es wetb us, sf yfu bkva hf kddusktefhs tf makr.’:2 Tfia fm tba trejas ramusal?

avah sfia fm bes fwh Qi Gkcuc trejasiah kppkrahtcy ramusal tf fjay tba frlars. K

dfiiuhety caklar mrfi Oajokjeyk wbf ohaw Beckc eh pravefus yakrs skel, –Iusk Beckc

dfipaccal avary Krkj treja iaijar tf pkrtedepkta, avah tbfsa wbf ramusal. Ba kdts ksoeh` fm tba Krkjs, tba ùela fm kcc. Bfw lfas ba mfrda tbai tf me`bt6 Ba jakts tbfsa

wbf ramusa khl tkoas tbaer kheikcs, oecceh` sfia fm tbai.’:5

\ba Oajokjeyk iaateh`s wara k turheh` pfeht eh tba `fvarhiaht―s ehvfcvaiaht wetb

Iusk Beckc“khl wetb tba Gkhkgwaal ieceteks. –@uhs mcfwal tf tbai kmtar tbkt’ skel fha

cfdkc dfiiuhety caklar.4>

J. Iusk Beckc―s Zfca eh tba Kttkdos eh Hfrtb Lkrmur

Jy Gucy :>>4, Iusk Beckc―s iecetek jksa eh Iestareyk wks astkjcesbal. Iestareyk wks hft khkriy jksa“tbkt wks cfdktal eh Oajokjeyk. Petb tba merst Gkhgkwaal mfrdas ifjecezal,

tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht ckuhdbal k ikgfr ̀ rfuhl fmmahseva eh Hfrtb Lkrmur eh iel-

:>>4. K mfriar sfclear eh tba kriy wbf pkrtedepktal eh tbasa kttkdos hftal tba dcfsa

dffrlehktefh jatwaah Iusk Beckc, ftbar trejkc iecetek caklars khl tba iecetkry prefr tf khl

lureh` tba kttkdos7

Eh Oajokjeyk, kt tba Tulkhasa kriy dkip, tbara wara Gkhgkwaal. Et wks

kdtukccy k sikcc `rfup fm tbertaah caklars uhlar tba dfiikhl fm –Kju

Ksbraah.’4; \ba Gkhgkwaal trffps usal tf stky eh tba vedehety fm

Oajokjeyk, eh Iestareyk. Iestareyk es k trkeheh` dkip mfr Gkhgkwaal.Iusk Beckc dkia ifra tbkh twahty teias tf fur dkip eh Oajokjeyk

wbeca E wks tbara. E skw bei iysacm, wetb iy fwh ayas, ifra tbkh tah

teias. Ba kcwkys dkia wetb twf dkrs, fha mfr bei khl fha mfr bes

ùkrls. Ba bkl iaateh`s wetb fmmedars. \braa fr mfur lkys kmtar akdb fm

bes vesets, wa wara kttkdoeh` k pckda.

:2 Ejel.:5

Ejel.

4> Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, Hfrtb Lkrmur, Gucy :4, :>>>


18/93


E lfh―t ohfw bfw tbay wara fr`khezeh` khl dffrlehkteh` tba trffps, jy

pbfha fr hft, jut fh tba lky fm kh kttkdo, buhlrals fm Gkhgkwaal wara

dfieh` tf fur dkip eh Oajokjeyk, fh bfrsas khl dkiacs. Pa wara

ksoal tf prapkra fur stumm tff, tf àt rakly khl kt sfia pfeht wa wara

frlaral tf àt ehtf fur vabedcas. Pa wara havar tfcl tbkt wa wara kjfut

tf kttkdo k vecckà. Pa wara kcwkys tfcl tbkt tbara wara `rfups fmWk`bkwk fr Mur iecetekiah fparkteh` wbara wa wara ̀ feh` khl tbkt wa

bkl tf –mehesb tbai.’ \bkt es tba axprassefh tbkt wks usal. 4:

]ecckàs krfuhl Oajokjeyk wara kifh` tba merst tf ja kttkdoal jy Iusk Beckc―s iah khl

`fvarhiaht trffps eh tba ̀ fvarhiaht―s merst ikgfr dkipke`h eh Gucy :>>4. \ba skia

mfriar sfclear pkrtedepktal eh tba kttkdos. Ba skel7

Pa wara ksoal tf dcakr tba wky khl tba krak _tba Ael ah Hkjko krak akst

fm OajokjeykY mfr tba Gkhgkwaal tf kttkdo, jurh, khl cfft tba vecckà. Et

wks fh Gucy 1, :>>4. \bkt lky, tff, Khtfhfvs dkia lureh` tba kttkdo khl

lrfppal tbraa jfijs fh tba ifuhtkehs hakr tba vecckà. âfpca wara

ruhheh` kwky. E skw savah vecckàrs jaeh` oeccal. E skw tbraa fcl ùys

dkptural jy tba Gkhgkwaal khl bkhlal fvar tf tba dfiikhlar fm fur

kriy. \bay wara cktar tkoah tf Oajokjeyk khl put eh gkec. Tfia sfclears

jurhal buts khl juecleh`s eh tba vecckà kcfh` wetb tba Gkhgkwaal. \braa

buhlral memty sfclears pkrtedepktal eh tbes kttkdo. Fhcy meva fm us ramusal

tf sbfft fr sbft eh tba ker. \braa fm tba meva wara cktar krrastal, dfurt-

ikrtekcal khl sahtahdal tf tbraa yakrs eh gkec. Eh Ael Ah Hkjko tbkt lky,

tbara wara hf TCK, fhcy devecekhs.44

Kmtar lastrfyeh` tbaer vecckàs khl lespckdeh` tba pfpucktefh krfuhl Oajokjeyk, tba

mfrdas ifval hfrtb, tfwkrls tba Wk`bkwk kraks tbkt wara bfia tf tba TCK. Eh Gucy khl

Kuùst :>>4, ckrà swktbas fm Hfrtb Lkrmur, ehdculeh` vecckàs eh tba Kju @kirk krak

jatwaah Oajokjeyk khl Okrhfe khl tba Jarå krak hfrtb fm Outui, wara kttkdoal khl

jurhal eh wbkt wks tf ja tba stkrt fm k twf-yakr dkipke`h fm atbhed dcakhseh` jy tba

Tulkhasa kriy khl tba Gkhgkwaal iecetek.

Et es uhdcakr wbatbar Iusk Beckc beisacm cal tba mfrdas eh tba Kju @kirk kttkdos, jut

savarkc cfdkc caklars ehtarveawal ehlapahlahtcy, sfia fm wbfi ohaw bei parsfhkccy,

4: Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb ̀ fvarhiaht sfclear eh TCK dustfly, Hfrtb Lkrmur, Gucy ;>1. Buikh

Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveawal kcc latkehal dfijktkhts eh k prevkta rffi, wetbfut khy TCK dkptfrs prasaht.

44 Ejel.


19/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) ;=

hkial bei ks fha fm tba fvarkcc caklars fm tba iecetek mfrdas eh tba krak, khl ba es ohfwh

tf bkva fparktal eh tba krak eh cktar kttkdos. Tulkhasa mfrdas kttkdoal tba tfwh fm Kju

@kirk khl ets memtaah surrfuhleh` vecck`as rapaktalcy lureh` :>>4-:>>>4, Ladaijar :>>4 khl Gkhukry :>>>>>4 khl Ku`ust :>>>< ̂ revkta

4< Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb radaeval k cest wetb tba hkias fm 4;2 pafpca oeccal eh tba Kju @kirk krak jatwaah

:>>4 khl :>>1, fh meca wetb Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb.


20/93


@fvarhiaht fm Tulkh Ie-:< Bacedfptar @uhsbep kt Hykck Kerpfrt, Ladaijar :>>>< ̂ revkta

Tfia devecekhs ceveh` eh Lkr Wk`bkwk cakrhal bfw tf praledt tba jfijeh` kttkdos khl

tkoa ramuà eh dkvas fr bkhl-lu` sbactars jamfra tba kerdrkmt krreval. \bay cestahal tf

rklef axdbkhàs jatwaah tba pecfts fh seipca MI rklefs wbedb pedoal up tba rklef

mraquahdeas usal jy tba pckhas7

Pa bakrl tba hkias fm tba _`fvarhiaht kriyY pecfts khl

dfhvarsktefhs.… \bkt es bfw wa ohfw sfia fm tba pecfts. Fha wks

A`yptekh, jadkusa fm tba wky ba spfoa eh dcakr A`yptekh Krkjed. Fha

fmmedar es @klkc eh tba kriy, jadkusa wa bakrl bei fh tba rklef

fr`khezeh` tba kttkdos. \bay dkccal bei Gkhkjf @klkc fr Fmmedar @klkc.

Kcsf, Kmkm Tà ac, wbf es k wfikh pecft mrfi Tulkh. Tba skel tbeh`s ceoa

– Hks Ofrhfe hk leoei mktuur’ wbedb iakhs –E ki `feh` tf èva jrakomkst

tf tba pakskht mrfi Okrhfe,’ jamfra Okrhfe wks jfijal. Dkptkeh

Obkcel wks khftbar pecft. Eh tbaer dfhvarsktefhs fh tba rklef tbay dkccal

us –Hujk, kjel,’ khl skel tbeh`s ceoa, –E ki `feh` tf èva tbfsa sckvas kcassfh tbay wecc hft mfràt.’41

41 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, ramuàa dkip, Dbkl, Guha :5, :>>1. Kjel es Krkjed mfr sckva. Hujk es fmtah

usal ks k larf`ktfry tari7 et ramars tf pafpca mrfi tba Hujk Ifuhtkehs fm dahtrkc Tulkh. \bay kra fm Kmredkh

freèh khl dustfikrecy aipcfyal eh iahekc gfjs eh Obkrtfui.


21/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) ;2

Fh Majrukry 5, :>>>


22/93


hkial Beckc ks caklar fm tba mfrdas kttkdoeh` tbaer vecck`a, Filk Lkjf, eh akrcy :>>


23/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) :>

rfca eh ifjecezeh` khl cakleh` tba me`btars eh jkttca, fmtah dkrryeh` k ral mck`.1.

, :>>1.


24/93

:; BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

ftbar stktas, lasdrejal saaeh` kriy trffps khl Gkhgkwaal iecetekiah dfccadteh` murhetura,

ftbar `ffls khl cevastfdo, khl cfkleh` tba etais ehtf trudos khl fh dkiacs. Kmtar tba ̀ fvarhiaht sfclears khl Gkhgkwaal iecetek dfhludtal

me`bteh` khl cffteh` fparktefhs, ckrà kriy trudos wfucl trkhspfrt tba cfftal cevastfdo

jkdo tf tba Gkhgkwaal dkip, kddfrleh` tf tbes mfriar ̀ fvarhiaht sfclear wbf wks

stktefhal eh Outui, Hfrtb Lkrmur. Ba tfcl Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb tbkt kmtar lastrfyeh`

vecckàs krfuhl Ahderf, Hfrtb Lkrmur, eh Guha :>>4, tba Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht

dfiikhlar frlaral tba iecetek tf tkoa tba cfftal dkttca khl dfws tf Lkirkt Tbaeob

Kjlac Jkè, k Gkhgkwaal dkip cfdktal cass tbkh twahty oecfiatars hfrtbakst fm Outui,

khl mrfi tbara sfia fm tba cevastfdo wara lestrejutal fhwkrl eh trudos7 fha ehtarveawaa

tfcl us, –Je` cfrreas mrfi Filurikh krreval.… \bay cfklal up wetb sbaap mrfi tba

jksa khl tffo tbai kwky. \braa teias tbasa cfrreas dkia… khl trkhspfrtal dkiacs khldfws.’1;

Tavarkc wethassas fm kttkdos wbf bel eh tba vedehety kcsf hftal tbkt eh sfia dksas, tba

kriy camt kmtar khy ehetekc me`bteh` jatwaah tba kttkdoars khl tba TCK fr sacm-lamahsa

`rfups wks fvar, khl tba iecetek iah wara camt tf cfft, pcuhlar khl tbah lastrfy tba

vecckàs kcfha. Eh fha sudb kttkdo eh Tfutb Lkrmur lasdrejal tf Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb,

tba iecetek caklars –wfra k ral dcftb fvar tba camt sbfuclar, hf mck`. Kmtarwkrls tbay

sbfwal k wbeta mck` khl tba me`bteh` stfppal.… Kmtar tbay sbfwal tba wbeta mck` khl

tba kriy vabedcas bkl camt, tba Gkhgkwaal cfftal.’1:

>> Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb ̀ fvarhiaht sfclear eh TCK dustfly, Hfrtb Lkrmur, Gucy ;>1. Buikh

Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveawal kcc latkehal dfijktkhts eh k prevkta rffi, wetbfut khy TCK dkptfrs prasaht.

1; Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, Hfrtb Lkrmur, Gucy 4>, :>>1. Kddfrleh` tf tbes skia wethass, ehetekccy tba

`fvarhiaht treal tf usa iecetkry bacedfptars tf trkhspfrt sfia fm tba cevastfdo. Kmtar sfia fm tba sbaap leal

mrfi mkcceh` fmm tba bacedfptar eh Iky :>>>1.


25/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) ::

]. Dffrlehkteh` tba Dreias7 \ba Zfca fm Zaèfhkc Fmmedekcs

\bara kra hf buikh re`bts vefcktefhs fr rkpa. Lkrmur es fha buhlral pardaht Iuscei.

“Kc Bkg Kttkr Kc Ikhhkh Elres, `fvarhfr fm Tfutb Lkrmur14

Zaèfhkc ̀ fvarhiaht fmmedekcs bkva mkr-rakdbeh` kutbfrety mfr sadurety eh tbaer kraks. \bes

ehdculas prfveleh` cfèstedkc khl ftbar suppfrt, sudb ks kris, trkeheh`, mffl khl cflèh`,

mfr iecetek, pfceda, khl ftbar sadurety mfrdas eh tbaer krak. Fvar tba pkst twf yakrs ikhy

raèfhkc `fvarhiaht fmmedekcs bkva jaah eipcedktal eh dreias k`kehst buikhety khl wkr

dreias, aetbar tbrfu`b leradt pkrtedepktefh eh kjusas fr ks k ikttar fm dfiikhl

raspfhsejecety mfr tba mfrdas uhlar tbaer ammadteva kutbfrety. Ks axpcfral murtbar jacfw

(Tadtefh ]EEE), hfha fm tbasa ehlevelukcs bkva jaah ehvaste`ktal, lesdepcehal fr

prfsadutal mfr tbaer rfca eh tba ehtarhktefhkc dreias dfiiettal eh Lkrmur.

K. Obkrtfui―s Zaprasahtktevas7 \ba Devecekh Kliehestrktfrs

\ba wkces (stkta ̀ fvarhfrs) khl iutkikl (prfvehdekc dfiiessefhars) kra tba be`bast-

rkhoeh` devecekh raprasahtktevas fm tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht eh tba stktas khl prfvehdas

fm Lkrmur. \bay kra hft acadtal, jut kppfehtal jy tba hktefhkc ̀ fvarhiaht. \ba wkces

kra usukccy iaijars fm tba ruceh` pkrty, tba Hktefhkc Dfh`rass (HD, mfriarcy dkccal tba

Hktefhkc Esckied Mrfht, HEM).1>4, k sacadt ̀ rfup fm parsfhs eh tba iecetkry

khl devecekh bearkrdbeas wara raspfhsejca mfr eipcaiahteh` tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht―s

Lkrmur pfcedy, ikhy fm tbai mrfi kcceal hfikled trejas eh Lkrmur fr ruceh` pkrty ehselars

wbf bkl pravefus axpareahda eh tba raèfh. \basa ehlevelukcs wara pckdal eh tfp pfsts

eh tba raèfh tf dffrlehkta tba iecetkry/pfcetedkc pfcedy fm iecetkry lamakt fm tba rajac

`rfups tbrfu`b tba sadurety dfiiettaas khl kriy. \bay wara tba fhas trustal tf cekesa

wetb tba trejkc ieceteks.

14 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb @fvarhfr Kc Bkg Kttkr Kc Ikhhkh Elres, Hykck, Tfutb Lkrmur, Fdtfjar 5,

:>>>1, wetb tba sfutbarh rajacs, wks tba sfca pkrty eh `fvarhiaht.

Et puràl saduckr iaijars fm tba devec sarveda khl guledekry khl jkhhal uhefhs khl pfcetedkc pkrteas, fhcy cemteh`

tbkt jkh yakrs cktar, kmtar et draktal ets fwh pkrkccac fr`khezktefhs eh kh kttaipt tf dfhtrfc devec sfdeaty. Tadurety

fr`khezktefhs prfcemarktal, ks lel Esckiest ieceteks mfrial uhlar pkrty ehsperktefh. \ba HD es hfw eh dfhtrfc fm 1:

pardaht fm tba hktefhkc kssaijcy khl tba axaduteva jrkhdb fm tba hktefhkc ̀ fvarhiaht.


26/93

:4 BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

\ba wkces khl iutkikl pcky kh assahtekc rfca eh dffrlehkteh` khl eipcaiahteh` tba

sadurety raspfhsa eh Lkrmur. \ba wkce sarvas fh tba sadurety dfiiettaa fm tba stkta, wetb

raprasahtktevas fm sadurety, iecetkry ehtacceàhda, tba pfceda, khl ftbars. \bes dfiiettaa

ladelas bfw tf ahmfrda tba aiaràhdy ckws khl raùcktefhs. \bay kra usukccy raspfhsejca

mfr krrasts fm be`bar-cavac parsfhs kddusal fm rajac dfcckjfrktefh khl ftbar pfcetedkc

latkehaas.

\ba fmmedekcs kppfehtal tf tbasa pfsetefhs wara àharkccy trustal ehselars wetb ruceh`

pkrty dralahtekcs, iecetkry jkdo`rfuhl, khl aetbar Lkrmur axpareahda fr kmmecektefh. Ikhy

fm tbasa devecekh fmmedekcs kra fr wara kcsf mfriar iecetkry fmmedars leradtcy kppfehtal jy

tba malarkc ̀ fvarhiaht eh Obkrtfui, wetb strfh` cehos tf tba hktefhkc iecetkry

ehtacceàhda khl sadurety kppkrktus.

ûtteh` trustal mfriar iecetkry fmmedars ehtf tba tfp devecekh pfsetefhs kt stkta cavac bks

fmtah jaah tba pfcedy fm tba durraht Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht.11 Mfr ehstkhda wbah tba

dfhmcedt e`hetal eh Lkrmur, tba ̀ fvarhfrs fm kcc tbraa Lkrmur stktas eh :>>4 wara rateral

fmmedars mrfi tba krial mfrdas leradtcy kppfehtal jy ^raselaht Ac Jksber. \ba `fvarhfrs

rapfrtalcy bkva leradt rapfrteh` cehas tf tba ̂ raselaht.

\ba drudekc rfca fm tba –devecekh bearkrdby’“tba stkta `fvarhfrs, prfvehdekc

dfiiessefhars, khl cfdkcety leradtfrs“khl tbaer cehos tf tba Iehestry fm Ehtarefr wara

ravakcal eh sfia latkec eh mfur `fvarhiaht iaifrkhlk mrfi :>>4-:>>>4 cattar mrfi Tfutb Lkrmur

11

\ba iecetkry bks bkl k ckrà rfca eh Tulkhasa pfcetedkc cema sehda ehlapahlahda eh ;51=. Eh ;512 @aharkc Kjful fvartbraw tba acadtal praselaht khl rucal uhtec ba wks fvartbrfwh jy k devecekh upreseh` eh ;5=, :>>


27/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) :<

`fvarhfr Klki Bkiel Iusk tf tba dfiiessefhar fm Hykck, Tkel Klki Gkikk, khl tba

tbah-dfiiessefhar fm Okss, Kbial Kh`kjf Kbial, es ahtetcal –[krlul ]eset,’ k

ramarahda tf k ohfwh iecetek trkeheh` dahtar khl dkip hfrtbakst fm Okss tfwh. \ba

lfduiaht ackjfrktas fh tba Hfvaijar ;2, :>>4 veset jy stkta Iehestar fm tba Ehtarefr

Kbial Bkrfuh khl @fvarhfr Iusk tf [krlul, Tfutb Lkrmur, khl tba mfccfw up

raqueral eh taris fm prfveleh` lavacfpiaht ehetektevas tf tba raselahts fm tba krak. Eh tbacattar, tba twf dfiiessefhars wara kcsf dfiiahlal mfr tbaer –axdaptefhkc ammfrts

k`kehst tba trkhs`rassfrs,’ khl raquastal tf –prapkra mfr tba radruetiaht fm tbraa

buhlral ohe`bts mfr Obkrtfui.’10

\braa ftbar iaifrkhlk fjtkehal jy Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb kcsf be`bce`bt tba rfca fm

tbasa devecekh kliehestrktfrs khl tba wky eh wbedb Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht pfcedy

muhdtefhal eh Lkrmur. \wf fm tba iaifrkhlk kra mrfi Outui prfvehda, fha fm Hfrtb

Lkrmur―s meva prfvehdas.12 Fha es lktal Majrukry ;:, :>>>> khl kppakrs tf ja k leradt raspfhsa tf

tba Majrukry ;: iaif mrfi tba Outui dfiiessefhar―s fmmeda.=; \bes lfduiaht es

10 Ejel.

12 \ba meva prfvehdas kra Outui, Oajokjeyk, Ac Mksber, Iaccet khl Qi Oallklk. Akdb prfvehda es sujlevelal ehtf

cfdkceteas fr ikbkceyks. Mfr ehstkhda, Outui prfvehda bks twf cfdkceteas.

15 –Tulkh7 Zajacs Lesiess ̂ raselaht―s Dckei fm ]edtfry eh Lkrmur,’ EZEH , Majrukry ;>, :>>, :>>< ktbttp7//www.dpitsulkh.fr`/hawsVkrdbeva/:>>Maj.bti

=> Kc Pkbk cfdkcety kppkrahtcy ehdculas kraks eh jftb Hfrtb khl Tfutb Lkrmur. Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaws,

Kprec :>>1.

=; Kh Kprec 0, :>>1 rapfrt mrfi tba Qhetal Hktefhs hftal –\ba cfdkc rklef stktefh eh Ac Mksbar khhfuhdal tbkt eh

k iaateh` wetb trejkc caklars fh < Kpr., tba Dfiiessefhar fm Ac-Pkbk cfdkcety eh Ac Mksbar (k cfdkcety fm hfikled

trejas eh Hfrtb khl pkrt fm Tfutb Lkrmur) ragadtal Tadurety Dfuhdec Zasfcutefh ;154, khl prfdckeial tbkt Ac-


28/93


kllrassal tf –kcc sadurety uhets eh tba cfdkcety,’ khl et ramars tf tba –leradtevas fm tba

@fvarhfr fm tba Ttkta khl tba Dfiiessefhar fm tba ̂ rfvehda lakceh` wetb tba ammadts fm

tba rajaccefh khl dfijkteh` ets acaiahts kifh` devecekhs.’ Et spademedkccy frlars tba

sadurety uhets tf –kccfw _fr parietY tba kdteveteas fm tba iugkbalaah khl tba vfcuhtaars

uhlar tba dfiikhl fm Tbaeob Iusk Beckc tf prfdaal eh tba krak fm Qi Tykck, Iessaryk

khl kc Pkbk.’

Khftbar iaifrkhlui, tbes fha mrfi tba fmmeda fm tbah Tfutb Lkrmur @fvarhfr Klki

Bkiel Iusk tf tba dfiiessefhar fm Hykck, lktal Ikrdb :, :>>>1, kt

bttp7//www.buikhetkrekhehmf.fr`/lkrmur/upcfkls/setuktefh/uhsetraps/:>>1/kprec/>:.%:>Tet%:>Zap%:>mfr%:>>0

%:>Kpr%:>>1.lfd

=: Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaws wetb lespckdal pafpca eh Okcik khl ftbar dkips eh Tfutb Lkrmur, Fdtfjar

:>>< khl ehtarveaws eh lespckdal dkips eh Gucy :>>1.


29/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) :=

prfiesal vecckà caklars tf prfvela iecetkry prftadtefh tf tba krak (wbedb havar

krreval).=4

J. Pkle Tkcab7 ârpatrktfrs fm tba Ikrdb :>>< Axadutefhs

Fha fm tba wfrst seh`ca ktrfdeteas lfduiahtal eh Past Lkrmur wks tba ikss axadutefhsfm savarkc buhlral iah fvar k maw lkys eh akrcy Ikrdb :>>>>4 tbrfu`b Ikrdb :>>>1.

=4 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, Iarsbeh`, Tfutb Lkrmur, Gucy :>>1

=< Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaws Iuogkr khl @krseck, Fdtfjar :>>< khl ramuàa dkips, Dbkl, Gucy :>>1.

=1 Taa \kràteh` tba Mur7 Ikss Oecceh`s eh Lkrmur,’ K Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb Jreameh` k̂par , Gkhukry :>1.


30/93


Kt tba teia fm tba Majrukry-Ikrdb :>>< kttkdos khl axadutefhs, tba kriy eh Iuogkr wks

rapfrtalcy dfiikhlal jy @ah. Kjlkcckb Bkiklkh, k Iessareyk dfiikhlar mrfi Tfutb

Ofrlfmkh.== \ba kriy muccy suppfrtal tba iecetek fparktefhs, ks lel tba be`bast rkhoeh`

`fvarhiaht fmmedekcs eh tba raèfh. Kddfrleh` tf k sfurda wbf skw tba lfduiahts,

iaifrkhlk mrfi tba kriy lfduiahtal tba trkhsmar fm wakpfhs khl ftbar suppceas

mrfi tba iecetkry tf tba ieceteks eh Pkle Tkcab.=0

\ba dreias eh Pkle Tkcab

Eh iel-:>>4, tba TCK bkl astkjcesbal k prasahda eh tba Tehlu Beccs fh tba akstarh alà

fm Pkle Tkcab, klgkdaht tf Tfutb Lkrmur khl sfutb fm Gajac Ikrrk.=2 \ba TCK wks kcsf

prasaht eh sfia fm tba sikcc vecckàs tf tba wast fm @krseck.=5 Eh Kuùst :>>4, mfccfweh`

kttkdos jy tba TCK fh pfceda stktefhs eh Iuogkr khl Jehlese, be`b-cavac `fvarhiaht

fmmedekcs mrfi Obkrtfui vesetal Pkle Tkcab. Zaselahts sky tbkt tbasa fmmedekcs bacl

iaateh`s wetb tba dfiiessefhars khl ftbar cfdkc raèfhkc fmmedekcs khl iecetkry

dfiikhlars eh jftb Iuogkr khl @krseck.0> Zadruetiaht fm iecetek iaijars es jaceaval

tf bkva stkrtal eh tbes parefl.

\ba merst systaikted `fvarhiaht-iecetek fmmahseva eh tba Pkle Tkcab krak ja`kh wetb

kttkdos fh vecckàs krfuhl Iuogkr khl Jehlese eh Kuùst :>>4. Kbial Bkrfuh, tba stkta

iehestar fm tba ehtarefr mrfi Obkrtfui, axbfrtal tba Gkhgkwaal khl kriy eh k spaadb tf

–oecc tba Mur’ kddfrleh` tf k raselaht fm Iuogkr wbf bakrl tba spaadb. \ba raselaht tfcl

Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb tbkt Ttkta Iehestar Bkrfuh –dkia tf Iuogkr jy pckha fh Kuùst

:>, :>>4, tf lesduss khl tf èva k spaadb tf tba Gkhgkwaal khl tba kriy. Ba ksoal tbai

tf oecc tba Mur jadkusa tba Mur bkl gfehal tba rajaccefh. \baramfra tba Gkhgkwaal khl tba

kriy bkl tf oecc tba Mur khl cfft tbaer prfparty. Ba `kva tba spaadb eh mrfht fm k je`

`ktbareh`, tkcoeh` tbrfu`b cfulspakoars, sf wa kcc dfucl bakr et.’0;

\ba `fvarhiaht iecetkry fmmahseva eh Lkrmur asdkcktal eh Gkhukry :>>>>1. \ba Iessareyk kra Krkj dkttca barlars

ceveh` eh Ofrlfmkh, wetb sfia iaijars kcsf eh Tfutb Lkrmur.

=0

A-ikec dfiiuhedktefh tf Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb mrfi kh ehtarhktefhkc fjsarvar, Guha 2, :>>1.=2

Mfr jkdo`rfuhl fh tba avahts eh Pkle Tkcab, saa –\kràteh` tba Mur,’ Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, Gkhukry :>>1.

=5 Devecekhs eh tba tfwh fm Wkcehàe rapfrtal tbkt tbara wara rajacs eh Laraessk, mfr ehstkhda. Buikh Ze`bts

Pktdb ehtarveaw, Wkcehàe, Past Lkrmur, Fdtfjar ;2, :>> Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaws, @krseck khl Iuogkr, Fdtfjar :>>>1.

0; Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, ramuàa dkip, Dbkl, Guha :0, :>>1.


31/93


32/93


\ba Gkhgkwaal dkia tf iy bfusa khl ksoal ia wby E wks hft `fha ceoa

tba ftbars. E skel E bkl jaah eh Iaddk khl E dfucl hft mcaa mrfi k

parsfh. \bah tbay sbft ia fh iy jkdo. E macc. \bah tbay dut iy soeh fh

tba tfp fm iy bakl khl iy akrs. \bah tbay pedoal ia up khl tbraw ia

ehtf tba mera. \bay cfftal avarytbeh`, tba ikroat, avarytbeh`. \bay wara

vary huiarfus, ks huiarfus ks khts.0>1. \ba sdkrs wara vesejca fh tbes ikh―sjfly khl bakl.

01Ehtarveaws wetb ehtarhkccy lespckdal wfiah mrfi Pkle Tkcab, Guha :>>>


33/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 4>

tf ifva khl saao ramuà eh dartkeh tfwhs, kppkrahtcy ks pkrt fm k pfcedy fm dfhtrfcceh`

tba dfhdahtrktefhs fm lespckdal parsfhs eh sacadt cfdktefhs khl uhlar dartkeh dfhletefhs.

Mfr ehstkhda, wbah lespckdal pafpca mcal @krseck khl Lacae` kmtar tba Ikrdb axadutefhs

khl tbah treal tf prfdaal tf Hykck jy trudo, tbay wara ramusal ahtry tf Hykck7 kppkrahtcy

fh tba frlars fm Gk―kmkr ac Bkob? ifst fm tbasa lespckdal pafpca raturhal tf Wkcehàe.05

\ba rktefhkca mfr tbes iky bkva jaah tbkt tba kutbfreteas lel hft wkht wethassas fm tbaktrfdeteas eh khl krfuhl Hykck, wbara tbara wks k ckràr ehtarhktefhkc prasahda khl

tbaramfra ifra mfrae`h fjsarvars, gfurhkcests, khl kel wfroars wbf ie`bt bakr kjfut tba

kjusas.

K pfcedy fm mfrdeh` lespckdal parsfhs tf raikeh eh spademed cfdktefhs wks kcsf mfccfwal eh

Tfutb Lkrmur eh tba skia parefl. \ba tbah-dfiiessefhar fm Okss, Kbial Kh`kjf

Kbial, kcsf kccaàlcy essual frlars mfr lespckdal parsfhs eh Okecao tf ja dfhmehal tf

tbkt krak khl hft pariettal tf trkvac tf Hykck. Mfr waaos ba kcsf ramusal tf pariet

buikhetkrekh kàhdeas tf ahtar Okecao, laspeta tba ifuhteh` buikhetkrekh dreses tbara.2>

Ehtarhktefhkc buikhetkrekh ckw raqueras tbkt eh dksas fm lespckdaiaht, stktas iust tkoa kccpfssejca iaksuras tf ahsura tbkt lespckdal parsfhs radaeva sktesmkdtfry dfhletefhs fm

sbactar, byèaha, bakctb, skmaty, khl hutretefh khl tbkt iaijars fm tba skia mkiecy kra

hft sapkrktal2; ^krteas tf k dfhmcedt iust kcsf kccfw khl mkdecetkta rkpel khl uheipalal

pksskà fm eipkrtekc buikhetkrekh raceam mfr devecekhs eh haal.2:

K twahty-savah-yakr-fcl Mur ikh mrfi Krwkcck wks kifh` tba sdfras fm lespckdal iah

wbf wara krrastal eh tba merst lkys fm Ikrdb :>>>

–Qhetal Hktefhs Ehtar-Kàhdy Mkdt Mehleh` khl Zkpel Kssassiaht Iessefh7 Okecao tfwh, Tfutb Lkrmur,’ Kprec

:1, :>>


34/93

4; BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

Khftbar ayawethass wbf elahtemeal Kce Ofsbaej lureh` tba Kuùst ;1, :>>4 kttkdo fh

Jehlese skel, –Lureh` tba kttkdo ba wks sdrakieh` ‒Hujk, Hujk, yfu kra ifhkrklk

_fppfsetefhY, yfu kra kcc sckvas.’2>< kttkdo fh \khkof.2=

Eh Iuogkr, k seieckr sdahkref uhmfclal ks eh Lacae`. –\ba Gkhgkwaal khl ̀ fvarhiaht

wara kttkdoeh` _eh TehluY lureh` tbraa lkys,’ skel fha lespckdal wethass wbf wks ceveh`

eh Iuogkr eh Majrukry :>>>1.

21 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, ramuàa dkip, Dbkl, Guha :0, :>>1

2= Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, ramuàa dkip, Dbkl, Guha :2, :>>1.

20 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, ramuàa dkip, Dbkl, Guha :0, :>>1.



35/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 4:

Ikss ̀ rkva pfssejcy dfhtkeheh` vedteis fm tba Ikrdb :>>< axadutefhs krfuhl Iuogkr. © :>>< ̂ revkta

Ks fm akrcy :>>1, Kce Ofsbaej wks stecc jksal eh @krseck, jut bes durraht cfdktefh es

uhohfwh (ks es tba durraht cfdktefh fm Bkssk Jkcck).

Gk―kmkr Kjluc Ac Bkob wks tba prfvehdekc dfiiessefhar fm @krseck mrfi :>>4 tbrfu`bIkrdb :>>>< ikss axadutefhs eh Lacae`

khl @krseck. Ba kppakrs tf bkva bkl k leradt rfca pckhheh` khl dffrlehkteh` tba

fparktefh, khl wks elahtemeal ks pkrtedepkteh` eh kt cakst fha kttkdo. K tberty-sex-yakr-fcl

Mur devecekh mrfi \khkof lasdrejal Ac Bkob―s rfca eh krieh` tba ieceteks (\khkof, wbedb

wks jaceaval tf bkva kh TCK prasahda, wks rapaktalcy kttkdoal, ehdculeh` eh akrcy Ikrdb

:>>>4. Ba skel,

–Wk`bkwk, Mur khl Ikskcet bkva jadfia rajacs. Pa wecc jurh avarytbeh`

lfwh khl fhcy cakva jabehl tba traas. \bay dkh lastrfy kcc Lkrmur khl


36/93


avah em tbara es fhcy fha sfclear camt, ba wecc me`bt k`kehst Kiaredk. \bes es

hfw gebkl.’ Ba dkccal avaryjfly jy spakoars fh k vabedca tf `ktbar eh

frlar tf cestah tf bes spaadb. Tehda tbkt lky tba setuktefh dbkhàl

dfipcatacy. Ba skel, –Em yfu gfeh tba rajaccefh wa wecc axaduta yfu.’

\bkt vary lky ba `kva wakpfhs tf mfur tbfuskhl. \bah tba dfupaurs la

rfut a _cetarkccy rfkl-duttars, iakheh` jkhletsY khl pecckà stkrtal. Avah ehtfwh tbara wara iurlars. \ba wakpfhs dkia tf Hykck jy pckha khl

tbah jy iecetkry vabedcas7 Okcksbheofvs _KO-

Eh ckta Ikrdb :>>>1, ba wks prfiftal tf ja tba `fvarhfr fm Past

Lkrmur stkta.

Ac \kyej Kjlkcckb \frsbkeh, tbah prfvehdekc dfiiessefhar fm Iuogkr, es k mfriar kriy

fmmedar. Ba es kcsf jaceaval tf bkva pckyal k pevftkc rfca eh suparveseh` khl dffrlehkteh`

tba ̀ fvarhiaht―s pfcedeas fh jftb sadurety khl spademedkccy fh radruetiaht, krieh`, khlusa fm tba iecetek mfrdas. Ba iky kcsf bkva pckyal k ifra leradt rfca7 k ikh wbf wks

latkehal eh Iuogkr jut ikhkàl tf avahtukccy mcaa tba krak, tfcl Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb

tbkt ba iat \frsbkeh eh presfh, wbara ba wks parsfhkccy tbraktahal jy tba

dfiiessefhar.5;

Ac \kyej Kjlkcckb \frsbkeh dartkehcy ohaw kjfut tba axadutefhs khl lel hftbeh` tf

pravaht tba dreias fr puhesb tba parpatrktfrs. \ba jrftbar fm k ikh wbf wks axadutal,

kcfh` wetb twahty-ae`bt ftbar iah, gust futsela Iuogkr eh Ikrdb, tfcl Buikh Ze`bts

Pktdb tbkt kmtar ba cakrhal tbkt bes jrftbar―s jfly wks cyeh` hakr tba kerstrep, ba iat

wetb tba dfiiessefhar khl tba bakl fm pfceda eh Iuogkr khl ksoal mfr pariessefh tf `f


5> Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, ramuàa dkip, Dbkl, Guha :0, :>>1.

5; Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, ramuàa dkip, Dbkl, Guha :0, :>>1.


37/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 4<

khl ratreava bes jrftbar―s jfly. Ba skel, –tba dfiiessefhar fm Iuogkr wks prasaht jut

ba skel hftbeh`. \ba pfceda skel…tbay wfucl àt jkdo tf ia jut uhtec hfw tbara es

hftbeh`. Ksela mrfi tba pfceda, tbara es hf ftbar fptefh“hf dfurt“avah tba

dfiiessefhar es wetb tbai _tbfsa wbf axadutal bes jrftbar.Y’5:

Kddfrleh` tf raselahts fm Iuogkr, Ac \kyej Kjlkcckb \frsbkeh camt Iuogkr mfr Obkrtfui

eh Gkhukry :>>1, kmtar tba rapfrt fm tba Ehtarhktefhkc Dfiiessefh fm Ehquery wks

pujcesbal, parbkps makreh` bes hkia wfucl ja kifh` tbfsa fh tba sakcal cest fm memty-fha

ehlevelukcs elahtemeal ks jakreh` raspfhsejecety mfr tba dreias. Eh Ikrdb :>>1, ba

kppkrahtcy raturhal tf Iuogkr, wbara ba raikehal dfiiessefhar uhtec Fdtfjar :>>1,

wbah tba ahtera kliehestrktefh fm Past Lkrmur wks rapckdal.

]E. \ba Tulkhasa Iecetkry7 Eipcaiahteh` tba ^fcedy fm Kttkdos fh Devecekhs

Eh dfcckjfrktefh wetb tba ieceteks khl raèfhkc devecekh fmmedekcs, tba Tulkhasa iecetkrydfhstetuta tba vetkc tberl ceho eh tba trekhùckr hatwfro fm kdtfrs raspfhsejca mfr pckhheh`,

dffrlehkteh`, khl eipcaiahteh` tba iksseva dkipke`h fm ehtarhktefhkc dreias eh Lkrmur.

\ba radfrl fm tba Tulkhasa iecetkry eh Lkrmur laifhstrktas tbkt tba dreias k`kehst

devecekhs wara pkrt fm k pfcedy tbkt dkh fhcy bkva jaah draktal jy tba Tulkhasa pfcetedkc

khl iecetkry caklarsbep eh Obkrtfui.

\ba Tulkhasa iecetkry strudtura eh Lkrmur bks k mkercy strke`btmfrwkrl dbkeh fm dfiikhl7

tba Pastarh Iecetkry Dfiikhl es raspfhsejca mfr tba fparktefhs fm tba Tulkhasa kriy

eh Lkrmur, wetb tba fvarkcc dfiikhlar rapfrteh` tf Krial Mfrdas Dbeam fm Ttkmm Kjjks

Krkje. Dbeam fm Ttkmm Krkje rapfrts tf Iehestar fm Lamahda Ikg. @ah. Jkore Bksskh Tkceb, wbf rapfrts tf ^raselaht Ac Jksber, k Ceautahkht @aharkc khl Dfiikhlar-eh-Dbeam fm

tba Tulkhasa Krial Mfrdas.

\ba Pastarh Iecetkry Dfiikhl fm tba Tulkhasa krial mfrdas es baklqukrtaral eh

Mksber, Hfrtb Lkrmur, wbara tba ;st Ehmkhtry Levesefh es jksal. Ikg. @ah. Ifbkial

Mkzay, =tb Levesefh dfiikhlar jksal eh Mksber sehda Gkhukry :>>>>


38/93


rapfrts tf khl radaevas frlars mrfi tba baklqukrtars eh Mksber.5>>>1.

5= Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb Ikg. @ah. Ifbkial Mkzay, Tulkh kriy, Mksber, Hfrtb Lkrmur, Fdtfjar

=, :>>


39/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 4=

K. Tfutb Lkrmur, Ladaijar :>>>>< jy kttkdoeh` pfceda

stktefhs khl ftbar ̀ fvarhiaht tkràts, dkuseh` tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht tf wetblrkw

tba pfceda khl ̂ LM mrfi tba vecckàs. Et iky bkva jaceaval tbkt tbasa sadurety mfrdas

ie`bt lamadt tf tba TCK, wbedb eh sfia dksas tbay lel.;>> Jy ckta Kprec :>>>< leradteva tba tbah-`fvarhfr fm Tfutb Lkrmur, Klki Bkiel Iusk,

frlaral Hykck Dfiiessefhar Tkel Klki Gkikk tf tkoa spademed staps tf lamahl tba stkta.

\basa staps ehdculal tba mfriktefh fm k haw sadurety dfiiettaa. Ae`bt iah kra cestal ks

iaijars7 Gklaah Gffl-Kcckb Lk`ksb (Tfutb Lkrmur iehestar mfr ductura khl sfdekckmmkers), Ifbkiial Ukdfuj Kc Qilk, Iustkjk Kju Hffjk, Ikbiffl Klki Tkcoyf,

Bussaeh Okjaar Kjlkcckb, Iubkiial Kjlacrksffc Bussaeh, Ikble Ikrge, khl Ejrkbei

Iubkiial Kjlkcckb.;>; Et wks hf dfehdelahda tbkt tbasa iah wara sacadtal7 ifst fm

tbai kra caklars fm sikcc Krkj trejas tbkt ie`rktal tf Lkrmur mrfi Dbkl eh tba pkst maw

50 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, tba Hatbarckhls, Taptaijar ;1, :>>1.

52 ’Tulkh Zajacs eh Fmmahseva –\f ̂ rfva’ \bay Ttecc Bfcl Lkrmur,’ Kàhda Mrkhda ^rassa, Majrukry ;:, :>>< kt

bttp7//www.raceamwaj.eht/rw/ZPJ.HTM/lj5>>TEL/KDFT-=> –Ehvaste`ktefh Zapfrt fh tba kttkdo fm âfpca―s Lamahsa Mfrda dkip kt Luik, hfrtb fm Hykck fh :1 Tapt

:>>; @fvarhiaht iaifrkhlui fm Ikrdb 4, :>>


40/93


ladklas khl bkva jaah ehvfcval eh cfdkc dcksbas wetb Mur khl ftbar ̀ rfups fvar kddass

tf ckhl eh tba pkst ladkla. ;>:

\ba muhdtefh fm tba haw sadurety dfiiettaa eh Tfutb Lkrmur, ks lasdrejal eh tba

iaifrkhlui, wks tf ehdraksa –tba cavac fm ifjecezktefh tf ahsura tbkt tba kdteveteas fm

tba futckws kra hft jrfu`bt ehtf tba stkta khl tf skmaùkrl stkjecety khl sadurety.’ Eh

ftbar wfrls, tba haw dfiiettaa wks tksoal wetb radruetiaht fm haw iecetek mfrdas,

typedkccy ramarral tf ks –ifjecezktefh’ jy tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht. Ifbkiial Ukdfuj

kc Filk es tba filk (caklar) fm tba \krgki treja? Ikbiful Klki Tkcoyf khl Bussaeh

Okjaar Kjlkcckb kra Tkklk. Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb wks tfcl jy cfdkc dfiiuhety caklars

tbkt Ukdfuj kc Filk khl Ikbiful Tkcoyf kra oay meùras eh iecetek radruetiaht khl

trkeheh`, khl tbkt Iustkpbk Kju Hfujk es k caklar fm k Zezea`kt suj-dckh tbkt bks jaah

eipcedktal eh kttkdos k`kehst vecckàs krfuhl Hykck eh :>>4 Kttkdoars iust lestehùesb jatwaah dfijktkhts khl devecekhs, kttkdo

fhcy iecetkry tkràts, khl hft dkrry fut kttkdos tbkt lf hft lesdreiehkta jatwaah

;>: Eh klletefh tf ckhl, tbara wks khftbar ehdahteva mfr sfia Krkj hfikled trejas eh Tfutb Lkrmur tf gfeh tba

ieceteks. Mfr tbfsa Krkj hfikled ̀ rfups jksal hfrtb khl sfutb fm Hykck, tba TCK―s mfftbfcl eh tbasa rurkc kraks

bkl sarefus dfhsaquahdas mfr hfikls― usa fm saksfhkc ie`rktefh rfutas (ifveh` tbaer barls hfrtb khl sfutb ehtba rkehy saksfh). \ba rajacs bkl kttkdoal sfia hfikled dfiiuheteas, cffteh` cevastfdo khl oelhkppeh`

pafpca, sfiateias mfr rkhsfi. Ks fha hfikled caklar tfcl Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, –Tehda tba dfhmcedt ja`kh, tba

krial ifvaiaht drfssas kcc tba rfutas wa usal tf tkoa. Pa dkh―t ̀ f vek Luik fr Iahkwksba jadkusa fm

rajac prasahda, sf wa cfst k cft fm kheikcs.’ Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw, Hykck, Tfutb Lkrmur, Fdtfjar >4 EDZD, Dustfikry Ehtarhktefhkc Buikhetkrekh Ckw , ruca ;1,deteh` ̂ rftfdfc EE, krtedca ;4(;).


41/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 42

dfijktkhts khl devecekhs, fr wbedb dkusa lesprfpfrtefhkta bkri dfipkral tf tba

axpadtal iecetkry ̀ keh.;>>>>1

\ba merst pkrt fm tba fmmahseva dfhsestal fm tba systaikted lespckdaiaht fm devecekhs mrfi

vecckàs eh kraks sfutb fm tba rkecrfkl, ehetekccy useh` `fvarhiaht-jkdoal iecetek. \ba

dfiiuheteas ceveh` sfutb fm khl kcfh` tba Al Lkaeh-Hykck rkecrfkl wara kifh` tba merst

tf summar kttkdos. \ba TCK bkl kttkdoal tba pfceda stktefh khl savarkc `fvarhiahtfmmedas ehdculeh` tba zkokt (kcis) fmmeda eh Uksseh,;>= sfutb fm tbkt rkecrfkl, eh Gkhukry

:>>0

Kddfrleh` tf raselahts fm Ukssseh, kmtar tba TCK kttkdo, –tba `fvarhiaht wetblraw kcc

tba kriy khl pfceda khl camt tba detezahs wetbfut khy prftadtefh.’;>2 Uksseh raselahts skel

;>< Ejel. rucas ;0 & ;2.

;>1 –Lkrmur7 QH ‒skma kraks― fmmar hf rakc sadurety,’ Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb prass racaksa, Taptaijar ;, :>>>>TEL/A]EQ-=4C5OL6FpahLfduiaht&rd9;&aiel9KDFT-=41 Ĝ[

;>= Uksseh es k tfwh wetb k pfceda stktefh khl kcsf tba hkia fm tba krak fm vecckàs sfutb fm tba Hykck-Al Lkaeh

rkecrfkl, jatwaah Tkhe Kmkhlf khl Tucaek.

;>0 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb Uksseh EL^s, Okcik dkip, Tfutb Lkrmur, Fdtfjar >2 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb Uksseh EL^s, Okcik dkip, Tfutb Lkrmur, Fdtfjar >>< kttkdo es kcsf iahtefhal

eh tba uhpujcesbal K.Q. rapfrt –Ehvaste`ktefh rapfrt fh kccaàl kttkdo fh Uksseh vecckà jy Gkhgkwaal iecetek khl

@fT mfrdas fh Gucy ;0, :>>


42/93


tbkt tbay axpadtal tba `fvarhiaht wfucl sahl raehmfrdaiahts, jut wbah hfha wara

mfrtbdfieh` k laca`ktefh fm dfiiuhety caklars waht tf Hykck tf kso tba `fvarhiaht tf

sahl trffps. –\ba `fvarhiaht skel tba krak wks eh pakda khl wa lelh―t haal tbai,’ k

lespckdal parsfh mrfi Uksseh tfcl Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb.;>5

Eh Gucy khl Kuùst :>>>< daksamera“eh oay strktaèd pfsetefhs hakr

tba rkecwky khl ikeh rfkls eh Kuùst khl Taptaijar :>>

J. Mrfi Klwkb tf Bkiklk

Fhda tba iecetkry jksas wara astkjcesbal sfutb fm tba rkecwky khl kcfh` tba ikeh rfkls,

tba ikeh mfdus fm haw iecetek kttkdos sbemtal hfrtb, krfuhl tba Hykck-Mksber rfkl, wbara

tba TCK dfhtrfccal ifst fm tba tarretfry akst khl wast fm tba rfkl. Kctbfu`b tba

Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht ckjacal tba kttkdos –rfkl dcakreh`,’ eh rakcety tbay wara k tbehcy

vaecal strkta`y tf raifva tba devecekh pfpucktefh mrfi tba krak, kcfh` wetb tba TCK

prasahda. Tavarkc acaiahts wara dfhsestahtcy prasaht eh tba kttkdos, avah wbara tba

ehlevelukcs cakleh` tba ieceteks khl ̀ fvarhiaht mfrdas lemmaral7

• Karekc suppfrt mrfi bacedfptar ùhsbeps khl typedkccy Khtfhfvs, wetb tkràtal

ùhsbep kttkdos fh devecekhs?

• Lapcfyiaht fm kt cakst fha jre`kla fr dfipkhy fm trffps mrfi tba ;=tb

Ehmkhtry Levesefh aetbar eh tba kttkdoal cfdktefh fr eh tba vedehety (mfr ehstkhda

kcfh` tba rfkl tf swaap eh mcaaeh` devecekhs khl TCK) lureh` akdb kttkdo?

;>5

Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb Uksseh EL^s, Okcik dkip, Tfutb Lkrmur, Fdtfjar >

Taa –Zfuteha ̂ ktrfc Zapfrt7 Mcyeh` mrfi Hykck, Jurki khl Lfhoay Laraksk,’ Kuùst :2, :>>


43/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

• Tuiikry axadutefhs khl ftbar oecceh`s fm devecekhs, rkpa, khl ftbar kjusas fm

devecekhs?

• Pelasprakl cffteh` fm bfusabfcl `ffls khl cevastfdo jy ieceteks khl

`fvarhiaht trffps.

\ba fmmahseva wks axtraiacy wacc pckhhal khl systaikted eh ets kpprfkdb. Merst tba TCK-

bacl tfwh fm Klwkb (fha fm tba TCK―s ckràr jksas fh tba wast sela fm tba Hykck-Mksber

rfkl) wks kttkdoal. \bah tba ̀ fvarhiaht mfrdas kttkdoal Ikrck, k TCK-bacl tfwh sfutb

fm tba rkecwky, khl mehkccy tba Esbik-Ckjklf-Iubkgkreyk dfrrelfr wks kttkdoal, eh tba

bakrt fm TCK-dfhtrfccal tarretfry. \ba iatbfledkc wky eh wbedb tbasa strktaèd cfdktefhs

wara kttkdoal eccustrktas tba fvarkcc dffrlehktefh rfca fm tba Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht? tba

fmmahseva wks kppkrahtcy leradtal mrfi Obkrtfui.;;;

Klwkb7 Hfvaijar 4>, :>><

Eh prapkrktefh mfr tba kttkdo fh Klwkb, tba Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht saht savarkc dfhvfysfm trffps tf Luik eh tba lkys pradaleh` tba kttkdo. \ba kttkdo ja`kh kt kpprfxeiktacy

=7>> k.i. fh Hfvaijar 4>, :>>> khl 07>> k.i. tf prfvela

twf jfxas fm kiiuhetefh tf tba kttkdoars.;;:

Zaselahts fm Klwkb spfoa fm devecekhs, ikehcy iah, jaeh` suiikrecy axadutal khl ikhy

wfiah jaeh` rkpal jy jftb `fvarhiaht sfclears khl iecetek.;;4 \ba axkdt laktb tfcc

mrfi tba Klwkb kttkdo es uhohfwh jut wks ceoacy eh tba lfzahs. Jatwaah Hfvaijar 4>

khl Ladaijar :, wbah kh KIET taki ahtaral Klwkb, tbfsa wfiah khl ̀ ercs wbf bkl

hft ikhkàl tf asdkpa wara rapfrtalcy bacl eh tba tfwh khl rapaktalcy rkpal. Pfuhlal

vecckàrs wara kcsf latkehal eh tba tfwh wetbfut ialedkc dkra.

\ba KIET taki saht tf ehvaste`kta fh Hfvaijar 4> wks stfppal fh tba sela rfkl

cakleh` tf Klwkb jy k Tulkhasa `fvarhiaht dfiikhlar, Ikg. KjlucZkbikh

;;; Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb ehtarveaw wetb mfriar K.Q. iecetkry fjsarvar, tba Hatbarckhls, Taptaijar ;1, :>>1.

;;: KIET, –DMD Daksamera ]efcktefh Zapfrt Hf. 22/>

Hfv >>


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45/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) , :>>>< ̂ revkta


46/93

, :>>>< ̂ revkta


47/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) >>< ̂ revkta

;;= Ejel.


48/93

>>< ̂ revkta

Ikrck, Esbik khl Qi Wkemk7 Ladaijar 2—;>, :>><

Esbik khl Qi Wkemk (hfrtb fm tba rkecwky), khl Ikrck (sfutb fm tba rkecwky), kcc TCK-

dfhtrfccal vecckàs akst fm Hykck, wara sfia fm tba ckràst vecckàs kttkdoal eh tba haxt

stkà fm tba fmmahseva, wbedb tffo pckda fvar savarkc lkys khl wks dfhludtal jy savarkcdffrlehktal ̀ rfups fm kttkdoars.

\ba merst kttkdo ja`kh fh Ladaijar 2, eh Ikrck. \ba ;=tb Ehmkhtry Levesefh ahtaral tba

vecckà, mfrdeh` tba rajac mfrdas fut. ^krt fm tba vecckà wks kppkrahtcy jurhal lfwh eh

tba kttkdo, jut et es uhdcakr wbatbar tbara wara devecekh dksukcteas eh tbes kttkdo. Me`bteh`

dfhtehual eh tba krak mfr savarkc lkys khl Ikrck wks kttkdoal k`keh fh Ladaijar ;=.

\ba TCK-bacl Qi Wkemk krak wks tba haxt eh ceha mfr kttkdo. \ba TCK bkl bacl tbes krak,

wbedb eh klletefh tf Qi Wkemk vecckà ehdculal tba ckràr vecckàs fm Esbik, Ckjklf khlIubkgkreyk, khl ikhy sikccar bkicats sehda akrcy :>>


49/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) , khl quedocy mfrdal tba pfpucktefh mrfi tba vecckàs. Kh kel wfroar wbf

traktal sfia fm tba lespckdal skel, –Avary lespckdal parsfh bks k bfrrfr stfry.’;;2

KIET kttaiptal tf ehvaste`kta tba kttkdos fh Ladaijar ;;, khl iat wetb tba Tulkhasa

dfiikhlar eh Esbik, Jre`. @ah. Kbial Kc Bkger Ifbkiial. Jre`. @ah. Ifbkiial,

wbf bkl jy tbah ifval ehtf k haw `fvarhiaht jksa eh Esbik, tfcl tba KIET taki

ehvaste`kteh` tba kttkdos fh Esbik khl Qi Wkemk tbkt tba fmmahseva wks –k rfuteha

kdtevety tf sadura tba rfkl mrfi Hykck tf Obkrtfui,’ khl tbkt –tba frlar mfr tbes kdtefh

bkl dfia strke`bt mrfi be`bar kutbfreteas eh Obkrtfui.’;;5 Ba kcsf kdohfwcalàl tbkt

bes mfrdas –bkl ahtaral khl puccal fut fm Ikrck fh Ladaijar 2. Bes mfrdas bkl kttkdoal

Ikrck kcsf tf dcakr tba rfkl/rkecwky tf Kl-Lykah _Al LkaehY.’;:>

Eh tba mfccfweh` lkys tba KIET fjsarvars dfhludtal karekc pktrfcs kcfh` tba Esbik-Qi

Wkemk-Ckjklf dfrrelfr. \bay pbftf`rkpbal k ckrà dfhdahtrktefh fm iecetek khl cfftal

`ffls eh hakrjy Ofhofhf. Ofhofhf bkl kcsf jaah kttkdoal khl jadkia k dfh`ra`ktefh

pfeht mfr tba iecetekiah, wbf cfftal tba vecckà eh tba prasahda fm tba kriy trffps.;:;

\ba KIET fjsarvars kcsf wethassal Gkhgkwaal iecetek –cffteh` khl satteh` bfusas fh

mera’ eh Qi Wkemk. \ba lastrudtefh wks systaikted7 fvar k tbraa-lky parefl, tba KIET

pktrfcs pbftf`rkpbal tba prf`rasseva lavkstktefh fm Qi Wkemk. \ba Tulkhasa

`fvarhiaht mfrdas quedocy lu` trahdbas krfuhl tbaer jksas eh Qi Wkemk khl astkjcesbal

dkips eh tba haw kraks tbay bkl dkptural.;::

;;0 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb tacapbfha ehtarveaw, Dkhklk, Guha 4, :>>1.

;;2 A-ikec dfiiuhedktefh tf Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb mrfi sfiafha wbf ehtarveawal pafpca mrfi Esbik khl Qi

Wkemk, Ladaijar :>>>> Ejel.

;:; Ejel.

;:: Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb tacapbfha ehtarveaw, Dkhklk, Guha 4, :>>1.


50/93

>>< ̂ revkta

\ba jurheh` fm Qi Wkemk ja`ehs, Ladaijar ;:, :>>>< ^revkta


51/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) >>< ̂ revkta

Ikrck7 Ladaijar ;1—;=, :>><

Ikrck wks kttkdoal k`keh fh tba ifrheh` fm Ladaijar ;1. Kddfrleh` tf raselahts fm

Ikrck, tba kttkdo stkrtal wetb twf bacedfptar `uhsbeps khl kh Khtfhfv derdceh` kjfva tba

tfwh, pfssejcy tf latarieha wbatbar tbara wks khy TCK prasahda. @fvarhiaht sfclears

eh savarkc trudos krreval mrfi lemmaraht leradtefhs, khl ja`kh sbffteh` ehlesdreiehktacy

khl satteh` mera tf bfusas.;:4 \ba trffps astkjcesbal k jksa fh tba wastarh sela fm tba vecck`a khl jà kh cffteh` khl jurheh` tba sbfps eh tba ikroatpckda. \bay pravahtal

Ikrck raselahts mrfi ̀ atteh` wktar mrfi tba ikeh wacc eh tba tfwh.

;:4 Ehtarveaws wetb Ikrck lespckdal parsfhs, Gkhukry :>>1, fh meca wetb Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb.


52/93

>>< ̂ revkta

Pbeca tba ikgfrety fm tba kttkdoars wara `fvarhiaht trffps, sfia iecetek iaijars wara

kcsf ehvfcval eh tba kttkdo khl tba cffteh` tbkt mfccfwal. \ba cffteh` wks stecc dfhtehueh`

wbah KIET fjsarvars mehkccy `kehal kddass tf Ikrck fh Ladaijar ;0, khl

pbftf`rkpbal tba cffteh`.


53/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 1>

@fvarhiaht sfclears khl iecetek iaijars cffteh` eh Ikrck, Ladaijar ;0, :>>>< ̂ revkta


54/93

1; BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K)

Kh aclarcy Wk`bkwk wfikh wbf ceval eh Ikrck tfcl Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb tbkt ifst fm

tba Gkhgkwaal kttkdoars dfvaral tbaer mkdas lureh` tba kttkdo khl tba cffteh` tbkt

mfccfwal7

Tfia fm us treal tf dfccadt cettca etais khl put tba dbeclrah fh lfhoays

jut wara hft kccfwal. Gkhgkwaal bet tbai khl tffo tbaer lfhoays. Ikhy

pafpca khl dbeclrah wara oeccal lureh` tbkt kttkdo khl eh mrfht fm us, jut

wa bkl tf cakva tbaer jfleas uhjureal khl ruh.;:><@fvarhiaht mfrdas khl iecetek bkl kttkdoal kt cakst meva vecck`as hfrtb fm Ckjklf eh akrcy

Hfvaijar.;:= Jy iel-Ladaijar :>>>1.

;:1 Ehtarveaws wetb Ikrck lespckdal parsfhs, Gkhukry :>>1, fh meca wetb Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb.

;:= KIET, –Ehvaste`ktefh rapfrt fh kttkdo fh vecck`as hfrtb fm Ckjklf fh 4 Hfvaijar jy Gkhgkwaal iecetek,’

Hfvaijar :>>, :>>1 kt

bttp7//www.sulkhtrejuha.dfi/krtedca.pbp46elVkrtedca9;:1>:

;:2 Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb tacapbfha ehtarveaw, Dkhklk, Guha 4, :>>1.


55/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 1:

Jy Ladaijar ;=, tba jre`kla fm tba ;=tb Ehmkhtry Levesefh uhlar tba dfiikhl fm Jre`.

@ah. Kbial Kc Bkger Ifbkial (tba skia dfiikhlar wbf cal tba kttkdos fh Ikrck

khl Esbik tba pravefus waao) bkl klvkhdal tf wetbeh ae`bt oecfiatars fm Ckjklf. ;:5

Kddfrleh` tf dralejca sfurdas, tba Ladaijar ;0 kttkdo ja`kh eh k vecckà wast fm Ckjklf

eh tba akrcy ifrheh`. Kt iellky, kh Khtfhfv ja`kh derdceh` Ckjklf khl jfijal sfutb

fm tba tfwh, tbah lrfppal mfur jfijs akst khl tbah hfrtb. \ba jfijeh` kcc krfuhl tbatfwh dfhmusal tba raselahts, wbf wara uhdartkeh wbedb wky tf ruh. \bah tba Khtfhfv

jfijal tba dahtrkc ikroatpckda. \ba `fvarhiaht kcsf rapfrtalcy usal bacedfptar

ùhsbeps. ;4> Kddfrleh` tf kh ehtarhktefhkc fjsarvar wbf ehtarveawal lespckdal raselahts

fm Ckjklf, tbara wks k sikcc dfhtehàht fm TCK trffps ceveh` eh Ckjklf, eh fha spademed

dfipfuhl, jut tba TCK trffps mcal ks sffh ks tba kttkdo ja`kh.;4;

Lespckdal pafpca mrfi Ckjklf skel tbkt buhlrals fm Gkhgkwaal iecetekiah tbah kttkdoal

tba tfwh khl oeccal, jurhal, khl cfftal kt wecc. @fvarhiaht trffps mfccfwal tba ieceteks,

kcsf oecceh` devecekhs khl lastrfyeh` pkrts fm tba tfwh. Tfia mkieceas wara rapfrtalcy

cfdoal eh tbaer buts khl jurhal tf laktb. K ckrà huijar fm pafpca wara `ktbaral eh tbasdbffc khl kppkrahtcy axadutal tbara. Kt cakst sexty devecekhs wara rapfrtal tf bkva jaah

oeccal. ;4: Lkys kmtar tba kttkdo, kh kel wfroar wbf traktal sfia fm tba lespckdal pafpca

mrfi Ckjklf wrfta7 –tbara kra ikhy dbeclrah stecc iesseh`, fcl pafpca saah eh ifjeca

dcehed wetb spakr wfuhls, savarkc pafpca wetb sbrkphac wfuhls, khl k wbfca pfpucktefh

wetb tba ikso fm trkuiktezktefh fh tbaer mkdas.’;44

;:5 –Zapfrt fm tba Dbkerparsfh fm tba Dfiiessefh fh tba Tetuktefh eh tba Lkrmur raèfh fm Tulkh, Kmredkh Qhefh

âkda khl Tadurety Dfuhdec,’ Gkhukry ;>, :>> Ehtarveaws wetb lespckdal pafpca mrfi Ckjklf, fh meca wetb Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, Ladaijar ::, :>>>1.

;4: Dfhmelahtekc dfiiuhedktefh tf Buikh Ze`bts Pktdb, Ladaijar :>


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Ckjklf lastrfyal, Ladaijar ;2, :>>>>< ^revkta

@fvarhiaht mfrdas prfiptcy lu` haw jre`kla pfsetefhs futsela fm Ckjklf. Fhda tba

tfwh wks sadural, Tulkhasa kriy trffps khl Gkhgkwaal ieceteks systaiktedkccy cfftal

khl jurhal tba tfwh. Fvar tba haxt twf lkys, 2> pardaht fm tba tfwh wks dfipcatacy

lastrfyal fr lkik`al, ehdculeh` tba ikroat, stfras, khl tba bfspetkc.


57/93

BQIKH ZE@B\T PK\DB ]FC. ;0, HF. ;0(K) 1<

Kmtar lastrfyeh` Ckjklf, Tulkhasa ̀ fvarhiaht mfrdas le` trahdbas khl astkjcesb k haw dkip futsela Ckjklf,

Ladaijar :=, :>>>< ̂ revkta


58/93


KIET iecetkry fjsarvars ehvaste`kteh` tba kttkdo wara pravahtal mrfi ahtareh` Ckjklf

fh Ladaijar ;0, jy Jre` @ah Ifbkial. \ba KIET fjsarvars hftal tba prasahda fm

kpprfxeiktacy meva buhlral –krial Krkj hfikls (Gkhgkwaal iecetek) fh tbaer bfrsas khl

dkiac… fddupyeh` tba hfrtbarh lamahseva krak fm tba @fT mfrdas.’ Pbah ksoal kjfut

tbasa mfrdas, tba Jre`klear @aharkc ceal, skyeh` tbay wara –EL^s asdkpe

Entrenching Impunity Report

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