Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Cluster Survey · About the San Diego Workforce Partnership...

San

Die

go C

ou

nty

, Cal

ifo

rnia

Entertainment and Hospitality

Industry Cluster Survey

Sponsored by the San Diego Workforce Partnership

Conducted by ERISS Corporation

June 2011

San Diego County Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Study June 2011

Study conducted by ERISS Corporation on behalf of the San Diego Workforce Partnership Copyright ERISS 2011

2

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4

About the San Diego Workforce Partnership ............................................................................................... 4

About ERISS Corporation .............................................................................................................................. 5

Project Scope and Methodology ................................................................................................................... 6

Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Survey Highlights .......................................................................... 7

Occupational Growth, Turnover, and Demand ............................................................................................. 7

Business-Specific Questions .......................................................................................................................... 8

Training Methods being used by Local Businesses ....................................................................................... 8

Are the Training Methods being used Meeting Company Needs ................................................................. 9

Awareness of Hiring and Training Incentives Offered by the San Diego Workforce Partnership ................ 9

Willingness to Provide Work Experience .................................................................................................... 10

Percentage of Workforce That is Unionized ............................................................................................... 10

Effect of Unionization on Wages and Benefits in the Industry ................................................................... 11

Willingness to Participate in a Focus Group Study ..................................................................................... 11

Occupational Summary ............................................................................................................................... 11

Occupational Profiles .................................................................................................................................. 17

Accountants ............................................................................................................................................ 18

Administrative Services Managers (Office Managers) ............................................................................ 27

Amusement and Recreation Attendants ................................................................................................ 37

Athletic Trainers ...................................................................................................................................... 45

Bartenders............................................................................................................................................... 54

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks ...................................................................................... 63

Cashiers ................................................................................................................................................... 72

Chefs ....................................................................................................................................................... 80

Choreographers ...................................................................................................................................... 89

Counter and Rental Clerks ..................................................................................................................... 98

Dishwashers .......................................................................................................................................... 106

First-Line Supervisors or Managers of Personal Service Workers ........................................................ 114

Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors ............................................................................................. 124

Food Preparation Workers.................................................................................................................... 133



3

Food Service Managers ......................................................................................................................... 141

General and Operations Managers ....................................................................................................... 150

General Maintenance and Repair Workers .......................................................................................... 160

Hotel Desk Clerk .................................................................................................................................... 169

Janitors and Cleaners (Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners) ..................................................... 177

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers ......................................................................................... 184

Laundry and Dry Cleaning Workers ...................................................................................................... 192

Lodging Managers ................................................................................................................................. 200

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners ....................................................................................................... 209

Meeting and Convention Planners ....................................................................................................... 216

Producers and Directors ....................................................................................................................... 225

Public Relation Specialist ...................................................................................................................... 233

Receptionist .......................................................................................................................................... 242

Recreation Workers .............................................................................................................................. 250

Recreational Protective Service Workers (Life Guards, Ski Patrol, and Others) ................................... 258

Restaurants Cooks................................................................................................................................. 266

Sales Managers ..................................................................................................................................... 274

Secretaries ............................................................................................................................................ 283

Security Guards ..................................................................................................................................... 292

Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers .......................................................................... 300

Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers .......................................... 309

Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs .................................................................................................................. 318

Waiters and Waitresses ........................................................................................................................ 326

Career Ladder info .................................................................................................................................... 335

Appendix A – Survey Questions for the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry .................................... 341

Appendix B – Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Definition for San Diego County ......................... 346

Appendix C – ERISS Survey Methodology ................................................................................................. 350



4

Acknowledgement ERISS Corporation would like to acknowledge and thank all of the local businesses who participated in this study. Their participation and contribution brings vital knowledge and information about the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry in San Diego County to be used for the purpose of making informed choices in workforce development. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the San Diego Workforce Partnership, the South County Career Center, and the South County Economic Development Council for all of their support.

Introduction This survey collected data from employers in the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Cluster as defined by the San Diego Workforce Partnership. Targeted employers were part of 34 NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) classifications selected by the Partnership covering 1296 employers in San Diego County with five or more employees. North American businesses and governments categorize and measure economic activity in Canada, Mexico, and the United States using the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) system. The system is a successor to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, even though some businesses still use the older system. A NAICS code consists of six digits. The first two determine the business sector. The third digit determines the business's subsector. The fourth number determines the industry group. The fifth digit determines the business's exact group. Finally, the sixth digit is the national industry. Please see Appendix B for a list of the industries selected for this survey. As a whole the research focused on Growth, Turnover and Decline Trends by Industry as well as by Occupation for those occupations you would typically find within the Industry.

About the San Diego Workforce Partnership San Diego Workforce Partnership, Inc. (SDWP) is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, chartered by the County and the City of San Diego, to fund job training programs in the San Diego region. The organization’s primary funding is allocated by the Department of Labor under the provisions of the Workforce Investment Act. A series of SDWP boards vet and approve how the funds will be distributed in the community. Upon approval, San Diego public and private agencies, community-based organizations, local businesses, and education institutions receive funding to manage programs benefiting laid-off workers and disengaged youth to alleviate barriers to employment. SDWP also serves as a source of information on the region's current and projected labor market. Research specialists analyze workforce needs and trends in San Diego County, offering

http://www.ehow.com/about_5047332_definition-naics-code.html

http://www.ehow.com/about_5047332_definition-naics-code.html



5

jobseekers, employers, educators, trainers, and researchers data on topics such as wages and salaries, occupational projections, employment statistics, and San Diego County’s economy. The organization’s mission is to foster economic growth and prosperity through education, training and lifelong learning. The vision of SDWP is that the San Diego region will be home to the world’s most highly educated and skilled workforce; where a corporate and community-wide commitment to lifelong learning will fuel unprecedented innovation, creativity and economic achievement. For additional information, please visit www.workforce.org

About ERISS Corporation ERISS is a San Diego based, award-winning, certified small, woman-owned business founded in 1992. We are a national leader in employer outreach, employer surveys and workforce technology. We have conducted both large-scale labor market surveys and outreach projects for Workforce Boards and State Agencies covering state, region and international, as well as targeted industry sector surveys, surveying over 2,000,000 employers in the last ten years. ERISS’s projects capture employer-specific information such as occupational growth, demand, brand awareness, knowledge of service offerings, services needed, and satisfaction rankings, current and forecasted hiring, planned layoffs, barriers to growth and preferences towards hiring special populations. ERISS Survey Concept & Background With our own Telephone Research Center, we can make over 2,500 calls to employers a day. Our facility is staffed with experienced survey managers and supervisors, who train and supervise interviewers and ensure the quality of survey work. The research facility has 25 interviewing stations and is equipped with state-of-the-art automatic dialing, silent monitoring equipment, conference rooms and surveyor training facilities. Our researchers use our internally-developed Computer Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) system designed specifically for O*NET based labor market data collection projects. The Technology ERISS developed these unique survey collection technologies and processes without sacrificing accuracy or validity. Throughout its four-year intensive development cycle, six primary goals drove the development: 1. Maximize the number of responding employers 2. Maximize the number of occupations with publishable results 3. Maximize the amount of information collected from each employer without aggravating the responders 4. Minimize data inaccuracies 5. Minimize time and cost without sacrificing validity and accuracy 6. Adapt the system to changing customer and market needs

http://www.sandiegoatwork.com/



6

Project Scope and Methodology ERISS was contracted to conduct primary research of the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Cluster in San Diego County. The primary method used for collecting the data was a telephone survey. The survey was conducted from April through May 2011 and was designed to target employers with 5 or more employees. A stratified census style survey methodology was employed whereby an attempt was made to contact every business within the survey parameters. The final sample is representative by size and industry cluster of the population of businesses in the local region.

The database used to field the survey was comprised of 1,296 employers. During the survey process 187 of these businesses were found to be out of scope1 of the survey, resulting in a net employer base of 1,109. We attempted contact with 1,109 businesses; 376 participated in the survey resulting in a 34% response rate.

The survey questions used for this study are listed in Appendix A. The definition of this Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Cluster for San Diego County is listed in Appendix B.

1 Employers with wrong phone number and no new number and employers with less than 5 employees.

34% (376) of the 1,109 eligible

businesses participated in the

survey.

The survey questions collected information from local businesses regarding such areas as:

• Projected Occupational Growth and General Staffing Plans

• Occupational Demand, Turnover, Hiring Plans and Wages

• Recruitment Methods

• Training Methods used to Meet Company's Needs

• Career Advancement Opportunities

• Interest in Providing Work Experience

• Awareness of Hiring and Training Incentives offered by the San Diego Workforce Partnership



7

3%

13%

16%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Entertainment & Hospitality IndustrySan Diego County

Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Survey Highlights Occupational Growth, Turnover, and Demand Surveyed businesses were asked to report their current number of employees and to project the number of employees they would have in 12 months. This information was used to calculate a relative projected growth rate2 for 12 months from the survey. Surveyed businesses were also asked to report the annual turnover for each occupation surveyed. The turnover rate information was then aggregated at the Industry level. A relevant indicator of the staffing challenges related to specific industries and occupations can be provided by Demand3. Demand provides an estimate of the percentage of workers that will need to be hired during a 12-month period due to both growth AND turnover. Demand is calculated by starting with projected growth, adding in annual turnover, and dividing by the number currently employed. It essentially provides a projected growth rate modified by turnover rates. The following graph displays the Occupational Growth, Turnover, and Demand for the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry. The 3% Growth for the industry is a relatively small number. It actually represents approximately 128 projected new jobs, from the surveyed employers, over the next 12 months. Employee growth for this industry is in sync with what is happening nationally; even though some sectors are on the road to recovery (revenue growth) – many businesses are still reluctant to hire more employees.

2 Projected relative growth = (number of employees in 12 months – number of employees now)/number of

employees now. 3 Demand is literally the combination of Growth (from new positions being created) and Turnover (people cycling

through the same jobs) divided by the number currently employed.



8

Internal

External

Both

None

Don't know

58%

2%

37%

2%

2%

For your current employees, which of the following training methods are you utilizing to meet your company’s needs?

Business-Specific Questions During the survey local businesses were asked a series of general questions. These were non-occupational questions on a variety of topics such as the local business’s training methods practices, awareness of services offered by the San Diego Workforce Partnership, and willingness to provide work experience. The following sections describe the results of the Business-Specific Questions asked during the Survey.

Training Methods being used by Local Businesses As seen in the results below, over half of the responders are using Internal Training Methods – such as Seminars, Workshops, Courses followed by 37% of the responders using both Internal and External training methods to meet their company’s needs.



9

Yes

None

Don't know

97%

2%

1%

Are the Training Methods being used Meeting your Company's Needs?

Very Familiar

Somewhat Familiar

Not Familiar at all

4%

16%

80%

How Familiar are you with the Hiring & Training Incentives offered by the San Diego Workforce Partnership?

Are the Training Methods being used Meeting Company Needs As seen in the results below, almost all of the businesses stated “yes”.

Awareness of Hiring and Training Incentives Offered by the San Diego Workforce Partnership As seen in the results below, 80% of the businesses stated that they were not familiar at all with the Hiring & Training Incentives offered by the San Diego Workforce Partnership.



10

Veterans

Transitioning Military

Older Workers (55+)

Welfare to Work

Persons with Disabilities

Former Offenders

Don't know

None

63%

63%

61%

60%

59%

45%

29%

4%

Would you consider providing Work Experience to any of the following groups of workers?

0-25%

26-50%

51-75%

76-100%

None

Don't Know

3%

3%

3%

3%

81%

6%

What percentage of your workforce is unionized?

Willingness to Provide Work Experience Businesses were allowed to select one or more groups of workers as part of their response.

Percentage of Workforce That is Unionized



11

Significant

Somewhat Significant

Not Significant at all

Don't Know

11%

12%

28%

48%

How would you rate the effect of unionization on wages and benefits in your industry?

Yes

No

Don't Know

31%

55%

13%

Would you be willing to participate in a Focus Group study to better understand issues and concerns facing your industry?

Effect of Unionization on Wages and Benefits in the Industry

Willingness to Participate in a Focus Group Study

Occupational Summary



12

During the survey businesses were asked about the occupations they employ. As a result the survey produced publishable data for 37 occupations within the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry in San Diego County. The following tables are a summary of the results of the survey looking at the following occupational trends: Growth, Turnover and Demand; Wages; and Projected number of new jobs over the next 12 months.

O*NET Code4

Occupational Title Growth5 Turnover6 Demand7

13201100 Accountants 0% 6% 6%

11301100 Administrative Services/Office Managers 12% 4% 16%

39309100 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 1% 13% 14%

29909100 Athletic Trainers 13% 5% 18%

35301100 Bartenders 2% 7% 9%

43303100 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

0% 4% 4%

41201100 Cashiers 2% 26% 28%

35101100 Chefs 0% 36% 36%

27203200 Choreographers 11% 11% 22%

41202100 Counter and Rental Clerks 2% 34% 36%

35902100 Dishwashers 2% 27% 29%

39102100 First-Line Supervisors or Managers of Personal Service Workers

0% 11% 11%

39903100 Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 10% 9% 19%

35202100 Food Preparation Workers 0% 10% 10%

11905100 Food Service Managers 6% 13% 19%

11102100 General and Operations Managers 0% 6% 6%

49904200 General Maintenance and Repair Workers 0% 10% 10%

43408100 Hotel Desk Clerks 3% 20% 23%

37201100 Janitors and Cleaners (Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners)

2% 6% 8%

37301100 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers -1% 6% 5%

51601100 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 3% 15% 18%

11908100 Lodging Managers 2% 5% 7%

4 The O*NET Code is the numeric code assigned to each O*NET occupation. The O*NET program is the nation's primary source of occupational

information. Central to the project is the O*NET database, containing information on hundreds of standardized and occupation-specific descriptors. 5 Growth is calculated as new jobs being created, divided by the number currently employed.

6 Turnover is the ratio of employees quitting or leaving a position of employment compared to the number hired in a certain period.

7 Demand is literally the combination of Growth (from new positions being created) and Turnover (people cycling through the same jobs)

divided by the number currently employed.



13

37201200 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 0% 13% 13%

13112100 Meeting and Convention Planners 2% 7% 9%

27201200 Producers and Directors 7% 0% 7%

27303100 Public Relations Specialists -8% 15% 7%

43417100 Receptionists (and Information Clerks) -2% 17% 15%

39903200 Recreation Workers 0% 4% 4%

33909200 Recreational Protective Service Workers (Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other)

11% 12% 23%

35201400 Restaurant Cooks 3% 8% 11%

11202200 Sales Managers 7% 6% 13%

43601400 Secretaries (Except Legal, Medical, and Executive)

9% 13% 22%

33903200 Security Guards 5% 16% 21%

37101100 Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers

0% 19% 19%

37101200 Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers

0% 0% 0%

53304100 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 12% 21% 33%

35303100 Waiters and Waitresses 0% 13% 13%



14

Projected New Jobs During the survey local businesses were asked, for each occupation they stated as having, how many they have now and how many they expect to have at this time next year. The results as shown below give us a glimpse of projected new jobs over the next 12 months. Based on the representative sample of local businesses who responded to the survey the number of projected new jobs for the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry can be considered as relatively small, approximately 128 new jobs projected from the surveyed employers over the next 12 months.

O*NET Code

Occupational Title How many do you have

now?

How many do you

expect to at this

time next year?

Projected number of new Jobs over next 12 months

13201100 Accountants 34 34 0

11301100 Administrative Services/Office Managers 48 54 6

39309100 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 383 388 5

29909100 Athletic Trainers 38 43 5

35301100 Bartenders 120 123 3

43303100 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 28 28 0

41201100 Cashiers 84 86 2

35101100 Chefs 11 11 0

27203200 Choreographers 18 20 2

41202100 Counter and Rental Clerks 104 106 2

35902100 Dishwashers 59 60 1


90 90 0

39903100 Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 324 357 33

35202100 Food Preparation Workers 131 131 0

11905100 Food Service Managers 83 88 5

11102100 General and Operations Managers 203 202 -1

49904200 General Maintenance and Repair Workers 123 123 0

43408100 Hotel Desk Clerks 241 248 7


51 52 1

37301100 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 197 196 -1

51601100 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 60 62 2

11908100 Lodging Managers 63 64 1

37201200 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 278 279 1



15

13112100 Meeting and Convention Planners 43 44 1

27201200 Producers and Directors 15 16 1

27303100 Public Relations Specialists 13 12 -1

43417100 Receptionists (and Information Clerks) 42 41 -1

39903200 Recreation Workers 141 141 0


101 112 11

35201400 Restaurant Cooks 197 203 6

11202200 Sales Managers 54 58 4

43601400 Secretaries (Except Legal, Medical, and Executive) 23 25 2

33903200 Security Guards 57 60 3

37101100 Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers 16 16 0


17 17 0

53304100 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 199 223 24

35303100 Waiters and Waitresses 316 316 0



16

Wage Data for Occupations in the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry During the survey local businesses were asked to provide salary data for occupations they employ by experienced and non-experienced levels. The following table summarizes the results of the data collected. A few notes…

Not all businesses provided wage data for their occupations

The wage data (collected during April and May 2011) is based on responses from local businesses within the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry

We have provided the latest Occupational Employment Statistics OES Wage data from EDD LMID (Labor Market Information Division) for the occupations as a reference. The OES wage estimates are for the occupation across all Industries in San Diego County not just the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry.

Occupational Code

Occupational Title SDWP Survey Median

Hourly Wage Non-

Experienced

SDWP Survey

Median Hourly Wage

Experienced

Median OES8 Wage Data 2010

13201100 Accountants $31.80

11301100 Administrative Services/Office Managers $16.83 $38.06

39309100 Amusement and Recreation Attendants $9.36 $11.90 $9.20

29909100 Athletic Trainers $26.30

35301100 Bartenders $8.00 $9.05

43303100 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

$16.83 $18.17

41201100 Cashiers $8.00 $8.00 $9.31

35101100 Chefs $21.47

27203200 Choreographers $18.02

41202100 Counter and Rental Clerks $9.00 $10.25 $11.57

35902100 Dishwashers $9.00 $11.00 $9.03


$19.23 $17.63

39903100 Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors $10.00 $12.00 $17.28

35202100 Food Preparation Workers $9.75 $10.00 $9.47

11905100 Food Service Managers $22.79 $23.84

11102100 General and Operations Managers $31.25 $53.25

49904200 General Maintenance and Repair Workers $10.00 $10.00 $16.44

43408100 Hotel Desk Clerks $9.00 $9.00 $10.97


$12.00 $10.98

8 The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates for over 800 occupations. These are

estimates of the number of people employed in certain occupations, and estimates of the wages paid to them.



17

37301100 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers $10.00 $11.00 $11.48

51601100 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers $9.00 $9.00 $9.82

11908100 Lodging Managers $21.63 $22.78

37201200 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners $8.00 $8.00 $9.67

13112100 Meeting and Convention Planners $21.64 $22.68

27201200 Producers and Directors $32.38

27303100 Public Relations Specialists $19.23 $25.43

43417100 Receptionists (and Information Clerks) $8.00 $8.00 $13.38

39903200 Recreation Workers $9.00 $10.82


$11.39 $11.88 $13.18

35201400 Restaurant Cooks $13.00 $11.89

11202200 Sales Managers $24.52 $43.46

43601400 Secretaries (Except Legal, Medical, and Executive)

$18.27 $17.25

33903200 Security Guards $10.00 $10.00 $11.42

37101100 Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers

$13.46 $17.14


$22.60 $21.99

53304100 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs $9.00 $10.47

35303100 Waiters and Waitresses $8.00 $8.92

Occupational Profiles The following are the detailed profiles of each of the 37 occupations for which we collected sufficient data to publish.



18

Accountants

O*NET Code: 13201100

Description: Analyze financial information and prepare financial reports to determine or maintain record of assets, liabilities, profit and loss, tax liability, or other financial activities within an organization.

Salary Data from Industry Survey

Not enough salary data was collected during this survey for this occupation in order to be publishable.

Salary Estimates based on US Department of Labor, OES Data for San Diego County – May 2010

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates for over 800 occupations. These are estimates of the number of people employed in certain occupations, and estimates of the wages paid to them. This data is provided as a reference and is based on the occupation across all industries not just within the Entertainment and Hospitality industry in San Diego County.

Mean Hourly Wage $35.68

Mean Annual Wage $74,210

Median Hourly Wage $31.80

Median Annual Wage $66,140



19

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire experienced

0%

12%

62%

0%

0%

25%

0%

Time to Fill Openings - Experienced Applicants

Accountants

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire non-experienced

0%

0%

12%

0%

0%

0%

88%

Time to Fill Openings - Non-Experienced Applicants

Accountants

Time to Fill Openings During the survey, local businesses were asked how long it takes to fill a vacancy for each occupation. The data was collected for both experienced and non-experienced applicants. The results can tell us about possible supply and demand issues as it relates to the occupation. As an example, if most employers report that it takes more than 6 months to fill a vacancy for the occupation this could be an indication that there are not enough qualified applicants in the region for this job. The other example would be if most employers report that it takes less than two weeks to fill the vacancy. This could be an indication that there are lots of qualified applicants to choose from. The graphs below display the Time to Fill Openings trends for this occupation based on the survey.



20

0%

6%

6%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Accountants

Employment Outlook – Growth, Turnover, and Demand During the survey local businesses were asked to report their current number of employees, and to project the number of employees they would have in 12 months. This information was used to calculate a relative projected growth rate9 for 12 months from the survey. Surveyed businesses were also asked to report the annual turnover for each occupation surveyed. Businesses were asked “What is the annual turnover rate for this occupation?” The turnover rate information was then aggregated at the Industry level. A relevant indicator of the staffing challenges related to specific industries and occupations can be provided by Demand10. Demand provides an estimate of the percentage of workers that will need to be hired during a 12-month period due to both growth AND turnover. Demand is calculated by starting with projected growth, adding in annual turnover, and dividing by the number currently employed. It essentially provides a projected growth rate modified by turnover rates. The following graph displays the Growth, Turnover, and Demand trends for this occupation based on the Industry Survey conducted April through May 2011.

EDD (Employment Development Department State of CA) Employment Projections Data for this Occupation The following is the Employment Development Department EDD of California Employment Projections data for 2008-2018 for this occupation. Projections of Employment estimate the changes in industry and occupational employment over time resulting from industry growth, technological change, and other factors. California produces long-term (10 year) projections of employment every 2 years for the State and local areas. Statewide short-term (2 year) projections are revised annually.

Average Annual Employment Employment Change Average Annual Job Openings

2008 2018 Numeric Percent New Jobs Replacement Needs

Total Jobs

11,410 13,350 1,940 17% 195 193 388

9 Projected relative growth = (number of employees in 12 months – number of employees now)/number of

employees now. 10

Demand is literally the combination of Growth (from new positions being created) and Turnover (people cycling through the same jobs) divided by the number currently employed.



21

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months

6 months to under 12 months

1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

0%

12%

62%

12%

0%

12%

Work Experience Levels

Accountants

Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%

Occupational License or Certification

Accountants

Work Experience Requirements During the survey local businesses were asked how much work experience they required for

this occupation. The graph below displays the results.

Occupational License or Certification Requirements During the survey local businesses were asked if they required an Occupational License or

Certification for this occupation. The graph below displays the results.



22

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA

Graduate Degree or above

None

Don't know

0%

25%

0%

0%

62%

0%

0%

12%

Training and Education Levels considered as Most Valuablewhen Screening Job Applicants

Accountants

Training and Education Levels Considered as Most Valuable when Screening Job Applicants for this Occupation During the survey local businesses were asked which of the following Training & Education

levels they considered as most valuable when screening job applicants. The graph below

displays the results.

Education and Training Data The following Education and Training data for this occupation is based on O*NET. The O*NET program is the nation's primary source of occupational information. Central to the project is the O*NET database, containing information on hundreds of standardized and occupation-specific descriptors and is provided for reference.

Education Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Related Experience

A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.

Job Training Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.



23

Paid Training - Off Site

Unpaid Training - Off Site

Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

12%

0%

0%

0%

25%

75%

0%

12%

0%

Career Advancement Opportunities offered by businesses for this Occupation

Accountants

Education and Training Institutions for Accountants In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this

occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on

the programs offered.

Program Name School Name City Phone

Accounting Cuyamaca College El Cajon (619)660-4275

Accounting Grossmont College El Cajon (619)644-7186

Accounting Mira Costa College Oceanside (760)757-2121

Accounting National University San Diego (800)628-8648

Accounting Palomar College San Marcos (760)744-1150

Accounting Point Loma Nazarene University San Diego (619)849-2200

Accounting San Diego City College San Diego (619)388-3400

Accounting San Diego Mesa College San Diego (619)388-2682

Accounting San Diego Miramar College San Diego (619)388-7844

Accounting Southwestern College Chula Vista (619)421-6700

Accounting University Of Phoenix-san Diego Campus San Diego (800)473-4346

Accounting University Of San Diego San Diego (619)260-4506

Career Advancement Opportunities During the survey local businesses were asked which of the following Career Advancement

opportunities they offered at their companies. The graph below displays the results.



24

Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs) for this Occupation

Knowledge

Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.

Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

Skills

Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.



25

Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Abilities

Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.

Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.



26

Newspaper

Hire from Within

Referrals/Word-of-Mouth

Unsolicited Walk-ins

Local One-Stop Career …

School Placement Offices

Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

12%

12%

25%

0%0%

0%12%

50%

0%0%

38%

Recruitment Methods Local Businesses have

used in the last 12 Months

Accountants

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

12%

12%

0%

0%

0%

12%

12%

0%0%

62%


found Most Effective

Accountants

Recruitment Method Trends Based on Industry Survey During the survey local businesses were asked which Recruitment Methods used in the last 12 months

and then which ones have been most effective. The graph below displays the results.



27

Administrative Services Managers (Office Managers)


Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate supportive services of an organization, such as recordkeeping, mail distribution, telephone operator/receptionist, and other office support services. May oversee facilities planning and maintenance and custodial operations.


Wages – New Hires Low Range Median High Range

Non-Experienced No Data No Data No Data

Experienced $12.00 $16.83 $21.63

High Range - 75% of salaries offered are below this point Median - half the offers are higher and half are lower than this point Low Range - 75% of salaries offered are higher than this point









28

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

18%

29%

29%

6%

0%

18%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


12%

6%

0%

0%

0%

6%

76%



Time to Fill Openings During the survey, local businesses were asked how long it takes to fill a vacancy for each occupation. The data was collected for both experienced and non-experienced applicants. The results can tell us about possible supply and demand issues as it relates to the occupation. As an example, if most employers report that it takes more than 6 months to fill a vacancy for the occupation this could be an indication that there are not enough qualified applicants in the region for this job. The other example would be if most employers report that it takes less than two weeks to fill the vacancy. This could be an indication that there are lots of qualified applicants to choose from. The graphs below display the Time to Fill Openings trends for this occupation based on the Survey.



29

12%

4%

16%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

2,160 2,380 220 10.2% 22 45 67

11

Projected relative growth = (number of employees in 12 months – number of employees now)/number of employees now. 12




30

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

6%

0%

0%

6%

41%

29%

0%

0%

18%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

94%

6%



Work Experience Requirements During the survey local businesses were asked how much work experience they required for this occupation. The graph below displays the results.

Occupational License or Certification Requirements During the survey local businesses were asked if they required an Occupational License or Certification for this occupation. The graph below displays the results.



31

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

18%

41%

0%

0%

12%

0%

18%

12%

Training and Education Levels considered as Most Valuable


Training and Education Levels Considered as Most Valuable when Screening Job Applicants for this Occupation During the survey local businesses were asked which of the following Training & Education levels they considered as most valuable when screening job applicants. The graph below displays the results.


Education Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.

Related Experience

Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.

Job Training Employees in these occupations usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.



32

Education and Training Institutions for Administrative Services Managers In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.


Business Administration and Management, General

California State University - San Marcos

San Marcos (760)750-4848


San Diego Christian College El Cajon (800) 676-2242


Mira Costa College Oceanside (760) 757-2121


National University San Diego (800) 628-8648


Palomar College San Marcos (760) 744-1150


Southwestern College Chula Vista (619) 421-6700


Alliant International University San Diego (619) 635-4772


University of Phoenix - San Diego Campus

San Diego (800) 473-4346


University of San Diego San Diego (619) 260-4506



33



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

6%

0%

12%

6%

29%

29%

0%

41%

12%



Career Advancement Opportunities During the survey local businesses were asked which of the following Career Advancement opportunities they offered at their companies. The graph below displays the results.



34


Knowledge Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.

Skills Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.



35

Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.

Abilities Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.



36

Newspaper

Hire from Within



Local One-Stop Career Centers


Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

12%

18%

0%

0%

0%

0%

24%

0%29%

18%




Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

12%

24%

0%

0%

6%

0%

24%

0%29%

18%




Recruitment Method Trends Based on Industry Survey During the survey local businesses were asked which Recruitment Methods used in the last 12 months and then which ones have been most effective. The graph below displays the results.



37

Amusement and Recreation Attendants


Description: Perform variety of attending duties at amusement or

recreation facility. May schedule use of recreation facilities, maintain

and provide equipment to participants of sporting events or

recreational pursuits, or operate amusement concessions and rides.



Non-Experienced $8.39 $9.36 $10.00

Experienced $9.36 $11.90 $15.00


Salary Estimates based on US Department of Labor, OES Data for San Diego County – May 2010 The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program produces employment and wage estimates for over 800 occupations. These are estimates of the number of people employed in certain occupations, and estimates of the wages paid to them. This data is provided as a reference and is based on the occupation across all industries not just within the Entertainment and Hospitality industry in San Diego County.







38

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


20%

28%

28%

8%

4%

8%

4%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire non-…

16%

20%

12%

0%

0%

8%

44%



Time to Fill Openings During the survey, local businesses were asked how long it takes to fill a vacancy for each

occupation. The data was collected for both experienced and non-experienced applicants. The

results can tell us about possible supply and demand issues as it relates to the occupation. As

an example, if most employers report that it takes more than 6 months to fill a vacancy for the

occupation this could be an indication that there are not enough qualified applicants in the

region for this job. The other example would be if most employers report that it takes less than

two weeks to fill the vacancy. This could be an indication that there are lots of qualified

applicants to choose from. The graphs below display the Time to Fill Openings trends for this

occupation based on the Survey.



39

1%

13%

14%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

4,360 4,760 400 9.2 % 41 226 267

13





40

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months

6 months to under 12 …

1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

50%

4%

0%

12%

17%

4%

0%

0%

12%



Yes

No

Don't know

24%

76%

0%









41

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

40%

28%

0%

0%

4%

0%

24%

4%







Education Some of these occupations may require a high school diploma or GED certificate.

Related Experience

Little or no previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, a person can become a waiter or waitress even if he/she has never worked before.

Job Training Employees in these occupations need anywhere from a few days to a few months of training. Usually, an experienced worker could show you how to do the job.



42



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

28%

12%

32%

28%

52%

52%

0%

28%

0%







43


Knowledge

Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Skills

Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Abilities

Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.



44

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

8%

12%

32%

24%

0%

8%

0%

64%

4%0%

8%




Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

4%

12%

20%

16%

0%

0%

0%

44%

4%0%

12%




Recruitment Method Trends Based on Industry Survey During the survey local businesses were asked which Recruitment Methods used in the last 12

months and then which ones have been most effective. The graph below displays the results.



45

Athletic Trainers

O*NET Code: 29909100 Description: Evaluate, advise, and treat athletes to assist recovery from injury, avoid injury, or maintain peak physical fitness.

Salary Data from Industry Survey Not enough salary data was collected during this survey for this occupation in order to be publishable.


Mean Hourly Wage No Data


Median Hourly Wage No Data




46

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

40%

40%

20%

0%

0%

0%


Athletic Trainers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


20%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%80%


Athletic Trainers




47

13%

5%

18%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Athletic Trainers

Employment Outlook – Growth, Turnover, and Demand During the survey local businesses were asked to report their current number of employees, and to project the number of employees they would have in 12 months. This information was used to calculate a relative projected growth rate15 for 12 months from the survey. Surveyed businesses were also asked to report the annual turnover for each occupation surveyed. Businesses were asked “What is the annual turnover rate for this occupation?” The turnover rate information was then aggregated at the Industry level. A relevant indicator of the staffing challenges related to specific industries and occupations can be provided by Demand16. Demand provides an estimate of the percentage of workers that will need to be hired during a 12-month period due to both growth AND turnover. Demand is calculated by starting with projected growth, adding in annual turnover, and dividing by the number currently employed. It essentially provides a projected growth rate modified by turnover rates. The following graph displays the Growth, Turnover, and Demand trends for this occupation based on the Industry Survey conducted April through May 2011. EDD (Employment Development Department State of CA) Employment Projections Data for this Occupation The following is the Employment Development Depart EDD of California Employment Projections data for 2008-2018 for this occupation. Projections of Employment estimate the changes in industry and occupational employment over time resulting from industry growth, technological change, and other factors. California produces long-term (10 year) projections of employment every 2 years for the State and local areas. Statewide short-term (2 year) projections are revised annually.

Average Annual Employment

Employment Change Average Annual Job Openings


Total Jobs

100 130 30 30 % 3 3 6

15





48

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

20%

20%

0%

0%

0%

0%

20%

0%40%


Athletic Trainers

Yes

No

Don't know

60%

40%

0%


Athletic Trainers





49

High School/GED

Some College

Occupational License or …

Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

20%

60%

0%

20%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Athletic Trainers




Related Experience





50



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

40%

0%

20%

40%

20%

40%

0%

40%

0%


Athletic Trainers



Knowledge Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment. Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.



51

Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Skills Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Instructing — Teaching others how to do something. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Abilities Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



52

Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.



53

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

20%

0%

20%

0%0%

20%0% 80%

0%0%

20%



Athletic Trainers

NewspaperHire from Within

Referrals/Word-of-MouthUnsolicited Walk-ins

Local One-Stop Career CentersSchool Placement Offices

RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

20%

0%0%

0%0% 40%

0%0%

40%



Athletic Trainers




54

Bartenders


Description: Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through waitstaff.




Experienced $8.00 $8.00 $8.00










55

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

67%

33%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Bartenders

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


11%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0% 89%


Bartenders












56

2%

7%

9%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Bartenders


EDD (Employment Development Department State of CA) Employment Projections

Data for this Occupation

The following is the Employment Development Depart EDD of California Employment

Projections data for 2008-2018 for this occupation. Projections of Employment estimate the

changes in industry and occupational employment over time resulting from industry growth,

technological change, and other factors. California produces long-term (10 year) projections of

employment every 2 years for the State and local areas. Statewide short-term (2 year)

projections are revised annually.



Total Jobs

6,640 7,120 480 7.2% 48 236 284

17





57

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

11%

11%

22%

11%

44%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Bartenders

Yes

No

Don't know

67%

33%

0%


Bartenders







58

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

56%

0%

11%

0%

0%

0%

33%

0%


Bartenders





Education These occupations usually require a high school diploma.

Related Experience

Some previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is usually needed. For example, a teller would benefit from experience working directly with the public.

Job Training Employees in these occupations need anywhere from a few months to one year of working with experienced employees. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.



59



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

33%

11%

22%

22%

44%

56%

0%

33%

0%


Bartenders

Education and Training Institutions for this Occupation In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this




Bartender/Mixologist Bartending Academy San Marcos (619)296-0600





60


Knowledge


Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

Skills


Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Abilities


Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.



61

Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing. Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.



62



Local One-Stop Career …School Placement Offices

RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

11%22%

56%

11%0%0%0%

89%

0%0%

11%



Bartenders




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%22%

33%0%0%0%0%

67%

0%0%

11%



Bartenders





63

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks


Description: Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers.




Experienced $16.83 $16.83 $19.23









64

Less than two …

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 …

Don't Know

Don't hire …

27%

0%

36%

0%

0%

36%

0%



Less than two …

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 …

Don't Know

Don't hire …

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

9%

91%














65

0%

4%

4%

Growth

Turnover

Demand



EDD (Employment Development Department State of CA) Employment Projections Data for this Occupation The following is the Employment Development Depart EDD of California Employment Projections data for 2008-2018 for this occupation. Projections of Employment estimate the changes in industry and occupational employment over time resulting from industry growth, technological change, and other factors. California produces long-term (10 year) projections of employment every 2 years for the State and local areas. Statewide short-term (2 year) projections are revised annually.



Total Jobs

17,270 18,660 1,390 8% 139 208 347

19





66

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

9%

27%

18%

18%

0%

27%



Yes

No

Don't know

9%

82%

9%









67

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

0%

18%

9%

9%

45%

0%

0%

18%








Related Experience





68


Unpaid Training - Off …

Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

27%

9%

9%

0%

27%

36%

0%

27%

18%

Career Advancement Opportunities offered by businesses for this


Education and Training Institutions for Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this




Accounting Cuyamaca College El Cajon (619)660-4275

Accounting Grossmont College El Cajon (619)644-7186

Accounting Mira Costa College Oceanside (760)757-2121

Accounting National University San Diego (800)628-8648

Accounting Palomar College San Marcos (760)744-1150

Accounting Point Loma Nazarene University San Diego (619)849-2200

Accounting San Diego City College San Diego (619)388-3400

Accounting San Diego Mesa College San Diego (619)388-2682

Accounting San Diego Miramar College San Diego (619)388-7844

Accounting Southwestern College Chula Vista (619)421-6700

Accounting University Of Phoenix-san Diego Campus San Diego (800)473-4346

Accounting University Of San Diego San Diego (619)260-4506





69


Knowledge

Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Skills


Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Abilities

Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.



70

Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.



71




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

9%9%

18%

0%0%

9%0%

27%

0%18%

36%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

9%9%

18%

0%0%

0%0%

18%

0%18%

36%








72

Cashiers


Description: Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. Usually involves use of electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. Often involved in processing credit or debit card transactions and validating checks.




Experienced $8.00 $8.00 $8.00









73

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


33%

56%

11%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Cashiers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


22%

33%

11%

0%

0%

11%

22%


Cashiers












74

2%

26%

28%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Cashiers





Total Jobs

31,130 32,800 1,670 5.4% 168 1,398 1,566

21





75

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

33%

0%

0%

33%

22%

0%

0%

0%

11%


Cashiers

Yes

No

Don't know

0%

89%

11%


Cashiers







76

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

11%

56%

0%

0%

0%

0%

22%

11%


Cashiers






Related Experience





77



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

22%

22%

44%

33%

78%

33%

0%

22%

0%


Cashiers




Knowledge


Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.



78

Skills


Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Abilities


Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.



79




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

22%

22%67%

22%11%

11%0%

56%

0%11%

11%



Cashiers




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%

0%56%

0%0%

0%0%

33%

0%11%

11%



Cashiers





80

Chefs


Description: Direct the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts. May participate in cooking.









81

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


12%

25%

38%

12%

0%

12%

0%


Chefs

Less than two …

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 …

Don't Know

Don't hire non-…

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

100%


Chefs




82

0%

36%

36%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Chefs





Total Jobs

1,150 1,150 0 0 0 11 11

23





83

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

0%

12%

38%

38%

0%

12%


Chefs

Yes

No

Don't know

75%

25%

0%


Chefs







84

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

0%

50%

0%

12%

0%

0%

38%

0%


Chefs






Related Experience





85



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

25%

0%

0%

0%

12%

25%

0%

75%

0%


Chefs

Education and Training Institutions for this Occupation In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this




Institutional Food Workers and Administrators, General

Mira Costa College Oceanside (760)757-2121


San Diego Mesa College San Diego (619)388-2682









86


Knowledge

Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques. Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.

Skills

Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.



87

Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Abilities


Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.



88

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

0%

25%

0%

0%

12%

12%

38%

0%0%

50%



Chefs

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

12%

38%

0%0%

50%



Chefs





89

Choreographers


Description: Create and teach dance. May direct and stage presentations.









90

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


20%

20%

20%

0%

20%

20%

0%


Choreographers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

20%

0%

0%

0%

0%

80%


Choreographers




91

11%

11%

22%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Choreographers


EDD (Employment Development Department State of CA) Employment Projections Data for this Occupation The following is the Employment Development Depart EDD of California Employment Projections data for 2008-2018 for this occupation. Projections of Employment estimate the changes in industry and occupational employment over time resulting from industry growth, technological change, and other factors. California produces long-term (10 year) projections of employment every 2 years for the State and local areas. Statewide short-term (2 year) projections are revised annually. Average Annual Employment Employment Change Average Annual Job Openings


Total Jobs

No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

25





92

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

40%

0%

0%

20%

0%

0%

20%

20%

0%


Choreographers

Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%


Choreographers







93

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

0%

20%

0%

0%

20%

0%

60%

0%


Choreographers






Related Experience





94



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

20%

0%

0%

0%

40%

40%

0%

20%

0%


Choreographers





95


Knowledge

Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.

Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins. History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures. Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

Skills


Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Instructing — Teaching others how to do something. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.



96

Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Abilities

Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.

Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem. Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity). Gross Body Equilibrium — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.



97

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

0%

40%

20%

0%

0%

0%

60%

0%0%

20%



Choreographers

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

0%

20%

20%0%

0%0%

40%

0%0%

20%



Choreographers





98

Counter and Rental Clerks


Description: Receive orders for repairs, rentals, and services. May describe available options, compute cost, and accept payment.




Experienced $8.25 $10.25 $11.00









99

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


33%

33%

13%

7%

7%

0%

7%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


47%

13%

7%

0%

0%

0%

33%






100

2%

34%

36%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

6,370 6,490 120 1.9% 12 170 182

27





101

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

50%

14%

0%

7%

21%

7%

0%

0%

0%



Yes

No

Don't know

7%

93%

0%









102

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

47%

33%

0%

0%

0%

0%

20%

0%








Related Experience





103



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

7%

7%

40%

33%

53%

47%

0%

33%

0%






Knowledge


Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.



104

Skills


Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Abilities


Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).



105

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

7%

53%

13%

0%

7%

0%

60%

7%7%

0%




Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

7%

47%

7%

0%

0%0%

40%

7%7%

0%








106

Dishwashers


Description: Clean dishes, kitchen, food preparation equipment, or utensils.




Experienced $8.25 $11.00 $11.00









107

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


57%

29%

14%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Dishwashers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


57%

29%

14%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Dishwashers




108

2%

27%

29%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Dishwashers





Total Jobs

6,240 7,010 770 12.3 % 78 257 335

29





109

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

71%

0%

0%

0%

14%

0%

0%

0%

14%


Dishwashers

Yes

No

Don't know

29%

71%

0%


Dishwashers





110

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

43%

0%

14%

0%

0%

0%

43%

0%


Dishwashers




Related Experience





111



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

14%

0%

29%

43%

43%

86%

0%

14%

0%


Dishwashers




112


Knowledge No knowledge met the minimum score.

Skills No skills met the minimum score.

Abilities Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing. Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects. Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.



113

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

14%

14%

71%

29%0%

14%0%

86%

0%0%

0%



Dishwashers

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

14%

0%

57%

29%14%

0%0%

43%

0%0%

0%



Dishwashers




114

First-Line Supervisors or Managers of Personal Service Workers


Description: Supervise and coordinate activities of personal service workers, such as supervisors of flight attendants, hairdressers, or caddies.




Experienced $15.00 $19.23 $21.63









115

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


29%

7%

29%

7%

14%

14%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

100%






116

0%

11%

11%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

2,410 2,600 190 7.9% 18 66 84

31





117

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

14%

21%50%

0%

0%

14%



Yes

No

Don't know

38%

54%

8%


First-Line Supervisors or Managers of Personal





118

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

15%

8%

0%

8%

62%

0%

0%

8%






Related Experience





119

Education and Training Institutions for this Occupation In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.



California State University-San Marcos

San Marcos (760)750-4848


San Diego Christian College El Cajon (800)676-2242




National University San Diego (800)628-8648


Palomar College San Marcos (760)744-1150




Alliant International University San Diego (619)635-4772


University of Phoenix - San Diego Campus

San Diego (800)473-4346


University of San Diego San Diego (619)260-4506


California State University-San Marcos

San Marcos (760)750-4848



120



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

15%

8%

31%

15%

15%

85%

0%

8%

0%





Knowledge Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.



121

Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance. Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Skills Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior. Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Abilities Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.



122

Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).



123

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

31%8%

0%0%

0%0%

54%

0%15%

8%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%

31%8%

0%0%

0%0%

46%

0%15%

8%







124

Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors


Description: Instruct or coach groups or individuals in exercise activities and the fundamentals of sports. Demonstrate techniques and methods of participation. Observe participants and inform them of corrective measures necessary to improve their skills. Those required to hold teaching degrees should be reported in the appropriate teaching category.



Non-Experienced $10.00 $10.00 $13.87

Experienced $9.00 $12.00 $13.87









125

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


36%

28%

28%

0%

0%

8%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


16%

4%

0%

0%

0%

8%

72%






126

10%

9%

19%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

3,240 4,020 780 24.1% 77 58 135

33





127

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

20%

8%

4%

12%

28%

16%

0%

0%

12%



Yes

No

Don't know

56%

40%

4%







128

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

16%

12%

20%

8%

12%

0%

24%

8%






Related Experience





129



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

20%12%

8%

12%

28%

52%0%

32%

4%



Education and Training Institutions for Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.


Exercise Sciences/Physiology and Movement Studies

San Diego State University San Diego (619)594-6336

Health and Physical Education/Fitness, General

Grossmont College El Cajon (619)644-7186


Point Loma Nazarene University San Diego (619)849-2200


San Diego City College San Diego (619)388-3400



Physical Education Teaching and Coaching

San Diego Christian College El Cajon (800)676-2242




130


Knowledge Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

Skills Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.

Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Abilities Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.

Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath. Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing. Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.



131

Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs. Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects. Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.



132

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

12%

16%

68%

20%0%

4%8%

48%

4%0%

4%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%8%

52%

12%0%

0%8%

32%

0%0%

8%







133

Food Preparation Workers


Description: Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing coffee or tea.




Experienced $9.00 $10.00 $11.00









134

Less than two …

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 …

Don't Know

Don't hire …

44%

50%0%

0%

0%

6%

0%



Less than two …

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 …

Don't Know

Don't hire …

31%

0%

0%

0%

0%

6%

62%






135

0%

10%

10%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

10,110 10,410 300 3% 30 362 392

35





136

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

19%

6%

25%

31%

6%

0%

0%0%

12%



Yes

No

Don't know

47%

53%

0%







137

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

60%0%

13%

0%

0%

0%

27%

0%






Related Experience





138



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

27%

0%

40%

33%

67%

53%

0%

20%

0%



Education and Training Institutions for Food Preparation Workers In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.









139


Knowledge Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.


Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Abilities Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.



140




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

7%13%

40%7%

0%7%7%

40%0%

7%13%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

7%13%

20%0%0%

7%7%

33%0%

7%20%







141

Food Service Managers


Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that serves food and beverages.




Experienced $19.23 $22.79 $24.04









142

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

6%

75%

12%

0%

0%

6%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

6%

94%






143

6%

13%

19%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

7,150 7,590 440 6.2% 44 139 183

37





144

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

6%

6%

6%

44%

38%

0%

0%



Yes

No

Don't know

75%

25%

0%







145

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

19%

25%0%

19%

25%0%

12%

0%






Related Experience





146



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

12%

12%

19%

19%

38%

56%

0%

19%

0%



Education and Training Institutions for Food Service Managers In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.









147



Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Skills Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.

Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.



148

Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.


Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.



149




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

6%25%

25%

6%6%

6%6%

56%

0%6%

19%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%19%

12%

0%0%0%0%

50%

0%6%

25%







150

General and Operations Managers


Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of companies or public and private sector organizations. Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. Includes owners and managers who head small business establishments whose duties are primarily managerial.




Experienced $28.37 $31.25 $33.65









151

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


15%

46%

23%

15%

0%

0%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

15%

0%

0%

0%

0%

85%






152

0%

6%

6%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

20,810 20,490 -320 -1.5 % 0 603 603

39





153

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

0%

23%

23%

15%

8%

31%



Yes

No

Don't know

31%

62%

8%







154

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

8%

31%

0%

15%

38%

0%

0%

8%






Related Experience





155

Education and Training Institutions for General and Operations Managers In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.











San Diego Miramar College San Diego (619)388-7844








University Of Phoenix-san Diego Campus

San Diego (800)473-4346


University Of San Diego San Diego (619)260-4506

International Business National University San Diego (800)628-8648

International Business San Diego State University San Diego (619)594-6336

International Business Travel University International San Diego (619)292-9755

International Business Alliant International University San Diego (619)635-4772



156



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

23%

15%

23%

15%

62%

69%

0%

23%

0%



International Business University Of San Diego San Diego (619)260-4506




157



Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.


Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.



158

Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making. Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.


Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).



159




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

15%54%

38%0%0%

8%8%

62%8%

0%0%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

8%31%

0%0%0%0%

8%54%

8%0%

8%







160

General Maintenance and Repair Workers


Description: Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of an establishment in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; boiler making; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.




Experienced $9.00 $10.00 $11.00



Mean Hourly Wage No Data

Mean Annual Wage No Data

Median Hourly Wage No Data

Median Annual Wage No Data



161

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


28%

32%

12%

8%

4%

16%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


17%

25%

4%

0%

0%

8%

46%






162

0%

10%

10%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

11,980 13,300 1,320 11% 131 185 316

41





163

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

25%

4%

4%

8%

12%

29%

0%

0%

17%


General Maintenance and Repair

Yes

No

Don't know

4%

88%

8%







164

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

46%

12%

0%

0%

0%

0%

33%

8%


General Maintenance and Repair




Related Experience





165



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

21%

4%

4%

8%

25%

25%

0%

50%

4%



Education and Training Institutions for General Maintenance and Repair Workers In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.


Cabinet Maker and Millworker


Carpenter Palomar College San Marcos (760)744-1150

Electrician Palomar College San Marcos (760)744-1150




166


Knowledge Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads. Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

Skills Equipment Maintenance — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.

Repairing — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Equipment Selection — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. Installation — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

Abilities



167

Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects. Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.



168




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

8%0%

46%8%

0%4%

0%33%

0%12%

17%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

38%4%

0%0%0%

29%0%

12%17%







169

Hotel Desk Clerk


Description: Accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by registering and assigning rooms to guests, issuing room keys, transmitting and receiving messages, keeping records of occupied rooms and guests' accounts, making and confirming reservations, and presenting statements to and collecting payments from departing guests.




Experienced $8.25 $9.00 $10.00









170

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


54%

33%

4%

0%

0%

8%

0%


Hotel Desk Clerks

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


46%

21%

0%

0%

0%

4%

29%


Hotel Desk Clerks




171

3%

20%

23%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Hotel Desk Clerks





Total Jobs

2,940 3,420 480 16.3% 48 100 148

43





172

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

50%

0%

12%

17%

12%

4%

0%

0%

4%


Hotel Desk Clerks

Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%


Hotel Desk Clerks





173

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

62%

17%

0%

0%

4%

0%

8%

8%


Hotel Desk Clerks




Related Experience





174



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

29%

4%

21%

21%

50%

50%

0%

33%

4%


Desk Clerks




Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Skills



175

Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.


Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.



176

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

17%

12%

46%

33%4%

12%0%

42%

0%4%

4%



Hotel Desk Clerks




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

12%0%

25%

17%0%

12%0%

33%

0%4%

4%



Hotel Desk Clerks




177

Janitors and Cleaners (Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners)


Description: Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaning floors, shampooing rugs, washing walls and glass, and removing rubbish. Duties may include tending furnace and boiler, performing routine maintenance activities, notifying management of need for repairs, and cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk.




Experienced $10.00 $12.00 $17.85









178

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

40%20%

10%

0%

20%

10%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


20%

10%

10%

0%

0%

10%

50%






179

2%

6%

8%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

19,590 19,600 10 0.1 % 1 370 371

45





180

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

30%

10%

0%

0%

40%

10%

0%

0%

10%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%







181

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

70%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

20%

10%






Related Experience





182



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

10%

20%

10%

10%

20%

30%

0%

70%

0%


Janitors and Cleaners (Except Maids and Housekeeping





Abilities Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs. Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects. Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.



183




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

10%10%

30%10%

0%0%0%

30%

20%20%20%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

20%0%0%0%0%

20%20%20%20%







184

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers


Description: Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or equipment. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and installation of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units.




Experienced $10.00 $11.00 $12.00









185

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


47%

0%

13%

7%

0%

33%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


27%

0%

7%

0%

0%

20%

47%






186

-1%

6%

5%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

16,700 18,620 1,920 11.5 % 192 201 393

47





187

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

20%

7%

0%

27%

13%

7%

0%

0%

27%



Yes

No

Don't know

13%

87%

0%







188

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

47%

7%

0%

0%

0%

0%

20%

27%


Landscaping and Groundskeeping




Related Experience





189



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

20%

7%

13%

13%

27%

27%

0%

47%

13%






Skills Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Abilities Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.



190

Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions. Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Static Strength — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects. Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.



191




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

7%7%

27%7%7%7%

0%47%

20%0%

27%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%7%

20%0%0%0%0%

20%

20%0%

33%







192

Laundry and Dry Cleaning Workers


Description: Operate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines to wash or dry-clean industrial or household articles, such as cloth garments, suede, leather, furs, blankets, draperies, fine linens, rugs, and carpets.




Experienced $8.25 $9.00 $11.00









193

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

64%

18%

0%

0%

0%

18%

0%


Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


64%

9%

0%

0%

0%

9%

18%






194

3%

15%

18%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

1,710 1,640 -70 -4.1 % 0 30 30

49





195

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

73%

0%

0%

9%

9%

0%

0%

0%

9%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%







196

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

55%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

45%

0%






Related Experience





197



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

18%

0%

9%

18%

55%

55%

0%

18%

0%






198




Abilities Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.



199




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

9%27%

45%9%

0%0%0%

18%0%

9%18%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

9%18%

36%18%

0%0%0%

9%0%

9%18%







200

Lodging Managers


Description: Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that provides lodging and other accommodations.




Experienced $17.31 $21.63 $21.63









201

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

7%

50%29%

0%

7%

7%

0%


Lodging Managers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0% 100%


Lodging Managers




202

2%

5%

7%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Lodging Managers





Total Jobs

830 890 60 7.2 % 6 18 24

51





203

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

0%

21%

50%

0%

0%

29%


Lodging Managers

Yes

No

Don't know

7%

86%

7%


Lodging Managers





204

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

29%

14%

0%

7%

7%

0%

21%

21%


Lodging Managers




Related Experience





205



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

29%

7%

14%

14%

50%

64%

0%

21%

0%


Lodging Managers

Education and Training Institutions for Lodging Managers In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.


Hospitality Services Management, Other

ITT Technical Institute San Diego (800)883-0380

Hospitality Services Management, Other Travel University International

San Diego (619)292-9755

Hotel/Motel and Restaurant Management





206



Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.


Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.



207

Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.


Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



208




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%21%

7%0%0%0%0%

71%0%

29%0%



Lodging Managers




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%21%

7%0%0%0%0%

71%0%

29%0%



Lodging Managers




209

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners


Description: Perform any combination of light cleaning duties to maintain private households or commercial establishments, such as hotels, restaurants, and hospitals, in a clean and orderly manner. Duties include making beds, replenishing linens, cleaning rooms and halls, and vacuuming.




Experienced $8.00 $8.00 $8.00









210

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

75%

17%

4%

0%

0%

4%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


54%

8%

4%

0%

0%

4%

29%






211

0%

13%

13%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

12,060 12,410 350 2.9 % 35 217 252

53





212

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

54%

8%

8%

17%

4%

4%

0%

0%

4%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%







213

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

38%

4%

0%

0%

0%

0%

58%0%






Related Experience





214



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

12%

0%

8%

4%

33%

38%

0%

42%

4%







Abilities Extent Flexibility — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.

Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.



215




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

58%42%

0%0%0%

17%0%

12%8%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

50%25%

0%0%0%

8%0%

12%12%







216

Meeting and Convention Planners


Description: Coordinate activities of staff and convention personnel to make arrangements for group meetings and conventions.




Experienced $19.23 $21.64 $26.44









217

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


20%

70%

0%

0%

10%

0%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


10%

10%

0%

0%

0%

0% 80%






218

2%

7%

9%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

660 720 60 9.1 % 6 15 21

55





219

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

20%

10%

0%

10%

20%30%

10%

0%

0%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%







220

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

20%

20%

0%

10%

20%

0%

0%30%






Related Experience





221



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

60%

10%

40%

30%

70%

80%

0%

10%

0%



Education and Training Institutions for Meeting and Convention Planners In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.


Administrative Assistant/Secretarial Science, General













222



English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.


Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.





223

Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity). Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).



224




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%20%

30%0%0%0%0%

80%0%0%0%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%20%

20%0%0%0%0%

60%0%0%0%







225

Producers and Directors


Description: Produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or motion picture productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. Responsible for creative decisions, such as interpretation of script, choice of guests, set design, sound, special effects, and choreography.









226

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

43%

29%

14%

14%

0%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire non-…

0%

14%

0%

0%

0%

0%

86%






227

7%

0%

7%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

1,010 1,040 30 3 % 3 32 35

57





228

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

14%

0%

14%

29%

14%

14%

14%



High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

29%

14%

14%

43%

0%







229



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

14%

0%

86%

0%





Related Experience






230


Knowledge English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.


Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.


Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.



231

Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.



232




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

29%0%0%0%0%

29%0%

14%29%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

29%0%0%0%0%

29%

0%14%

29%







233

Public Relation Specialist


Description: Engage in promoting or creating good will for individuals, groups, or organizations by writing or selecting favorable publicity material and releasing it through various communications media. May prepare and arrange displays, and make speeches.




Experienced $17.10 $19.23 $24.04









234

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


20%40%

30%

10%

0%

0%

0%


Public Relations Specialists

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

10%

0%

0%

0%

0%

90%






235

-8%

15%

7%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

2,600 3,090 490 18.8 % 49 62 111

59





236

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

10%

0%

0%

0%40%

40%10%

0%

0%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%







237

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

0%

20%

0%

0% 80%

0%

0%

0%






Related Experience





238



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

20%

0%

10%

10%

30%

30%

0%

50%

0%



Education and Training Institutions for Public Relations Specialist In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.


Business Communications


Communications, General

California State University-san Marcos

San Marcos (760)750-4848




University Of San Diego San Diego (619)260-4506

Communications, Other Associated Technical College San Diego (619)234-2181

Communications, Other Point Loma Nazarene University San Diego (619)849-2200

Communications, Other Alliant International University San Diego (619)635-4772

Mass Communications Point Loma Nazarene University San Diego (619)849-2200




239


Knowledge Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.


Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.




240

Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).



241




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

20%10%

20%10%10%10%10%

80%0%0%

20%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

10%0%0%0%0%

60%0%0%

30%







242

Receptionist


Description: Answer inquiries and obtain information for general public, customers, visitors, and other interested parties. Provide information regarding activities conducted at establishment; location of departments, offices, and employees within organization.




Experienced $8.00 $8.00 $10.00









243

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

62%

0%

12%

12%

0%

12%

0%


Receptionists (and Information Clerks)

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


50%

0%

12%

0%

0%

12%

25%


Receptionists (and Information




244

-2%

17%

15%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

8,710 9,520 810 9.3 % 81 235 316

61





245

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

62%

0%

0%

38%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%







246

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

62%

12%

0%

0%

0%

0%

25%

0%






Related Experience





247



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

25%

12%

25%

12%

38%

38%

0%

38%

12%






Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.


Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.



248

Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.


Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.



249

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

25%

0%

25%

25%0%

0%0%

12%

0%38%

12%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

25%

12%0%

0%0%

12%

0%38%

25%







250

Recreation Workers


Description: Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, private, or volunteer agencies or recreation facilities. Organize and promote activities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games, music, dramatics, social recreation, camping, and hobbies, taking into account the needs and interests of individual members.




Experienced $8.00 $9.00 $14.00









251

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


14%

43%

43%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Recreation Workers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


14%

14%

14%

0%

0%

0%

57%


Recreation Workers




252

0%

40%

40%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Recreation Workers





Total Jobs

4,010 4,410 400 10 % 40 72 112

63





253

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

29%

0%

0%

29%

29%

14%

0%

0%

0%


Recreation Workers

Yes

No

Don't know

43%

57%

0%


Recreation Workers





254

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

0%

57%

0%

0%

29%

0%

14%

0%


Recreation Workers




Related Experience





255



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

29%

14%

14%

0%

29%

57%

0%

43%

0%


Recreation Workers




English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Skills



256


Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Instructing — Teaching others how to do something. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.


Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



257




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

14%14%

29%14%

0%14%

0%57%

14%14%14%



Recreation Workers




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

14%0%0%

14%0%

43%0%

14%14%



Recreation Workers




258

Recreational Protective Service Workers (Life Guards, Ski Patrol, and

Others)


Description: Monitor recreational areas, such as pools, beaches, or ski slopes to provide assistance and protection to participants.



Non-Experienced $11.30 $11.39 $13.49

Experienced $11.00 $11.88 $11.88









259

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


17%

33%

33%

0%

0%

17%

0%


Recreational Protective Service

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


17%

17%

33%

0%

0%

17%

17%


Recreational Protective Service Workers




260

11%

12%

23%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Recreational Protective Service Workers (Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other)





Total Jobs

1,250 1,350 100 8% 10 85 95

65





261

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

67%

0%

0%

17%

0%

0%

0%

0%

17%


Recreational Protective Service

Yes

No

Don't know

83%

17%

0%







262

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

0%

33%

33%

0%

17%

0%

17%

0%






Related Experience





263



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

33%

33%

33%

33%

83%

50%

0%

0%

0%


Recreational Protective Service Workers (Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other)



Knowledge Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.



264

Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.

Skills Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Abilities Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance. Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.



265




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

33%17%

0%0%0%

67%0%0%

33%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

17%0%0%0%0%

50%

0%0%

33%







266

Restaurants Cooks


Description: Prepare, season, and cook soups, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foodstuffs in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu.




Experienced $12.00 $13.00 $14.00









267

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


33%

33%

11%

0%

0%

22%

0%


Restaurant Cooks

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


11%

11%

0%

0%

0%

11%

67%


Restaurant Cooks




268

3%

8%

11%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Restaurant Cooks





Total Jobs

9,060 9,860 800 8.8 % 71 232 311

67





269

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

11%

0%

11%

11%

44%

11%

0%

0%

11%


Restaurant Cooks

Yes

No

Don't know

78%

22%

0%


Restaurant Cooks





270

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

44%

0%

11%

11%

11%

0%

11%

11%


Restaurant Cooks




Related Experience





271



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

33%

0%

22%

22%

67%

89%

0%

11%

0%


Restaurant Cooks

Education and Training Institutions for Restaurant Cooks In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.


Culinary Arts/Chef Training





272


Knowledge Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Skills Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.


Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.



273




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

33%22%

33%0%0%

11%0%

67%0%0%

22%



Restaurant Cooks




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

33%22%

33%0%0%0%0%

33%0%0%

22%



Restaurant Cooks




274

Sales Managers


Description: Direct the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Coordinate sales distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establish training programs for sales representatives. Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory requirements and monitor the preferences of customers.




Experienced $19.23 $24.52 $26.44









275

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


20%

47%

27%

7%

0%

0%

0%


Sales Managers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


13%

7%

0%

0%

0%

0% 80%


Sales Managers




276

7%

6%

13%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Sales Managers





Total Jobs

5.610 6,590 980 17.5 % 99 121 220

69





277

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

7%

0%

0%

13%

20%

47%

7%

0%

7%


Sales Managers

Yes

No

Don't know

7%

93%

0%


Sales Managers





278

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

27%

33%

0%

13%

13%

7%

7%

0%


Sales Managers




Related Experience





279



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

73%

20%

27%

33%

53%

73%

0%

7%

0%


Sales Managers



Knowledge Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.

Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Personnel and Human Resources — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.



280

Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.


Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.


Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).



281

Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.



282




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

20%33%

53%7%

0%7%

13%93%

0%0%0%



Sales Managers




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

7%13%

27%0%0%

7%7%

80%0%0%

7%



Sales Managers




283

Secretaries


Description: Perform routine clerical and administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers.




Experienced $14.00 $18.27 $23.69









284

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


12%50%

38%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Secretaries (Except Legal, Medical, and Executive)

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


12%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

88%






285

9%

13%

22%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

8,820 8,780 -40 -0.5% 0 119 119

71





286

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

12%

12%

0%

12%

12%

38%

12%

0%

0%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%







287

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

25%

12%

0%

38%

12%

0%

12%

0%






Related Experience





288

Education and Training Institutions for Secretaries In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.



Grossmont College El Cajon (619)644-7186












Southwestern College Chula Vista (619)421-6700



289



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

25%

12%

25%

25%

25%

50%

0%

50%

0%





Knowledge Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.




290

Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.


Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.



291




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

12%0%

0%0%0%0%0%

62%

0%25%

12%







RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

0%0%0%0%0%

62%

0%25%

12%







292

Security Guards


Description: Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules.



Non-Experienced $10.00 $10.00 $12.50

Experienced $10.00 $10.00 $12.50









293

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


60%

10%

10%

0%

0%

20%

0%


Security Guards

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


50%

10%

10%

0%

0%

20%

10%


Security Guards




294

5%

16%

21%

Growth

Turnover

Demand

Security Guards





Total Jobs

12,800 13,240 440 3.4 % 44 263 307

73





295

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

30%

10%30%

20%

0%

10%

0%

0%

0%


Security Guards

Yes

No

Don't know

10%

90%

0%


Security Guards





296

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

70%

20%

0%

0%

0%

0%

10%

0%


Security Guards




Related Experience





297



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

30%

0%

10%

10%

50%

60%0%

30%

0%


Security Guards



Knowledge Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.


Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.




298

Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance. Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.



299




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

10%0%

30%0%0%0%0%

60%0%0%

30%



Security Guards




RecruitersInternet

OtherNone

Don't know

0%0%

30%0%0%0%0%

50%0%0%

30%



Security Guards




300

Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers


Description: Supervise work activities of cleaning personnel in hotels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments.




Experienced $9.00 $13.46 $16.83









301

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


33%

17%

33%

0%

0%

17%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

100%






302

0%

19%

19%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

2,410 2,430 20 0.8% 3 25 28

75





303

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

0%

0%

0%

17%

50%

25%

0%

0%

8%



Yes

No

Don't know

0%

100%

0%







304

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

42%

8%

0%

8%

0%

0%

33%

8%






Related Experience





305



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

33%

8%

25%

17%

58%

67%

0%

25%

0%






306



Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.

Skills Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.



307

Negotiation — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.


Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



308

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

0%

8%

0%

0%

0%

0%

42%

0%8%

50%




Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

0%

17%

8%

0%

0%

0%

42%

0%8%

50%







309

Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping

Workers


Description: Plan, organize, direct, or coordinate activities of workers engaged in landscaping or groundskeeping activities, such as planting and maintaining ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, and lawns, and applying fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals, according to contract specifications. May also coordinate activities of workers engaged in terracing hillsides, building retaining walls, constructing pathways, installing patios, and similar activities in following a landscape design plan. Work may involve reviewing contracts to ascertain service, machine, and work force requirements; answering inquiries from potential customers regarding methods, material, and price ranges; and preparing estimates according to labor, material, and machine costs.




Experienced $18.00 $22.60 $26.44









310

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know

Don't hire …

25%

50%

25%

0%

0%

0%

0%


Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


12%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

88%


Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping




311

0%

0%

0%

Growth

Turnover

DemandSupervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and

Groundskeeping Workers





Total Jobs

2,110 2,270 160 7.6% 16 23 39

77





312

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

12%

0%

0%

0%

12%

62%

0%

0%

12%



Yes

No

Don't know

62%

38%

0%







313

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

38%

25%

12%

0%

25%

0%

0%

0%






Related Experience





314



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

12%

0%

12%

0%

25%

25%

0%

50%

12%



Education and Training Institutions for Supervisors of Landscaping Workers In San Diego County The following is a sample list of Training and Education programs associated with this occupation. It is recommended to contact the institution for the most current information on the programs offered.


Ornamental Horticulture Operations and Management

Cuyamaca College El Cajon (619)660-4275






http://usworks.com/TLE/training/index.cfm?CFID=805956&CFTOKEN=20326317&vlmicode=CA18&isiteid=211&action=detail&iEDUid=113218





315



Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads. Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.


Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Management of Personnel Resources — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.



316

Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly. Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.


Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.



317

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

12%

12%

0%

0%

0%

12%

0%

62%

0%0%

12%




Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

12%

12%

0%

0%

0%

12%

0%

75%

0%0%

12%







318

Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs


Description: Drive automobiles, vans, or limousines to transport passengers. May occasionally carry cargo.




Experienced $8.00 $9.00 $10.00









319

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


40%

30%

0%

10%

10%

10%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


0%

0%

10%

0%

0%

0%

90%






320

12%

21%

33%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

1,870 2,120 250 13.4% 26 33 59

79





321

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

10%

10%

10%

0%

10%

50%

10%

0%

0%



Yes

No

Don't know

60%

40%

0%







322

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

30%

0%

20%

0%

10%

0%

40%

0%






Related Experience





323



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

0%

10%

0%

0%

20%

40%

0%

50%

0%






Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits. Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.


Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.



324

Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Abilities Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears. Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions. Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object. Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance. Glare Sensitivity — The ability to see objects in the presence of glare or bright lighting. Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part. Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).



325

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

10%

0%

40%

20%

0%

0%

0%

30%

0%0%

0%




Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

20%

0%

60%

20%

0%

0%

10%

50%

0%0%

0%







326

Waiters and Waitresses


Description: Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in dining establishment.




Experienced $8.00 $8.00 $8.00









327

Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


44%

56%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%



Less than two weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don't Know


33%

22%

0%

0%

0%

0%

44%






328

0%

13%

13%

Growth

Turnover

Demand






Total Jobs

27,010 29,240 2,230 8.3% 223 1,491 1714

81





329

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don't know

22%

0%

0%

22%

33%

11%

0%

0%

11%



Yes

No

Don't know

33%

67%

0%

Occupational License or Certification Required






330

High School/GED

Some College


Associate Degree

BS/BA


None

Don't know

44%

22%

0%

0%

0%

0%

33%

0%






Related Experience





331



Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions

Other

None

Don't know

22%

0%

44%

33%

56%

44%

0%

22%

0%






332



Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques. English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.


Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people. Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively. Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.


Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath. Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing. Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



333

Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects. Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).



334

Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

0%

0%

33%

11%

0%

0%

0%

78%

0%0%

0%




Newspaper

Hire from Within





Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don't know

11%

11%

56%

44%

11%

11%

11%

89%

0%0%

0%







335

Career Ladder info Career ladders and lattices83 are devices that help people visualize and learn about the job options that are available as they progress through a career. The Competency Model Clearinghouse offers the Career Ladder/Lattice Tool to guide you through the development of career paths for your industry. The tool is designed to be used in conjunction with the Building Blocks for Competency Models Tool and helps create materials that assist businesses, educators, and workforce professionals in outlining careers and the critical experiences individuals should acquire in order to progress through careers in an industry. Career Ladders and Lattices Career ladders and lattices consist of a group of related jobs that comprise a career. They often include a pictorial representation of job progression in a career (see example below) as well as detailed descriptions of the jobs and the experiences that facilitate movement between jobs. Career ladder/lattices are not necessarily organization-specific; they frequently span multiple organizations because movement within one organization may not be possible. Career ladders display only vertical movement between jobs. In contrast, career lattices contain both vertical and lateral movement between jobs and may reflect more closely the career paths of today's work environment. For example, the long-term healthcare industry career lattice below illustrates both vertical and lateral movement between jobs. The arrows leading from Home Health Aide to Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA) to Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) to Registered Nurse (RN) portray vertical movement between jobs. The arrows between Home Health Aide, Personal and Home Care Aide, and Direct Support Professional portray lateral movement between jobs.

83

Career Ladder Career Lattices Competency Model Clearinghouse by Career One Stop, U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration



336

Example Career Lattice for the Long-term Healthcare Industry Career ladders/lattices may be used in a variety of ways. For example, they may be used to:

attract individuals to an industry by showing potential career progression beyond entry points,

focus workforce development efforts, show workers how different jobs interconnect within careers in an industry, and inform workers about the training, education, and developmental experiences that

would enable them to accomplish their career objectives.

The Career Ladder/Lattice Tool enables you to build career ladders/lattices that outline critical experiences individuals should acquire in order to progress throughout careers in an industry.



337

The following career ladder illustrates the opportunities for professional growth and career advancement for some of the occupations in the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry in San Diego County.

Accountant

s

Assistant

Financial

Manager

Financial

Manager

General and

Operations

Managers

Amusement and

Recreation

Attendants

Recreation

Workers

Recreation

Supervisors

General and

Operations

Managers

Administrative

Services Manager

– Office Manager

General and

Operations

Managers

Athletic

Trainers

First-line

Supervisors of

Personal Service

Workers

General and

Operations

Managers

Bartenders Bar Supervisor Food Services

Manager

Food and

Beverage

Director

General and

Operations

Manager



338

Bookkeeping

Accounting

and Auditing

Clerks

Assistant

Financial

Manager

Financial

Manager

General and

Operations

Managers

Cashier Waiters and

Waitresses

Food Services

Manager

Food and

Beverage

Director

General and

Operations

Manager

Host and

Hostesses

Bartender

Chef Food Services

Manager

Food and

Beverage

Director

General and

Operations

Managers

Choreographers Producers and

Directors

General and

Operations

Managers

Counter and

Rental Clerks

First-line

Supervisors of

Personal Service

Workers

General and

Operations

Managers

Dishwashers Food Prep

Workers

Dining

Room and

Cafeteria

Attendants

Restaurant

Cooks



339

Food Prep

Workers Restaurant Cooks

Food Services

Managers

General

Maintenance

and Repair

Workers

Supervisors of General

Maintenance and Repair

Workers

Janitors and

Cleaners (Except

Maids and Housekeeping

Cleaners)

Supervisors of Janitors and Cleaners

(Except Maids and Housekeeping

Cleaners)

Landscaping and

Groundskeeping

Workers

Supervisors of Landscaping and

Groundskeeping Workers

Lodging

Managers

General and

Operations

Managers



340

Maids and

Housekeeping

Cleaners

Housekeeping

Managers

Housekeeping

Inspectors

Customer

Service

Managers

Public

Relations

Specialist

Public Relations

Manager

General and

Operations

Managers

Receptionist Secretaries Administrative

Assistant

Human

Resources

Representative

Human

Resources

Assistant

Human

Resources

Managers

Waiters and

Waitresses Host and

Hostesses

Food Services

Managers

First-line

Supervisors

of Personal

Service

Workers



341

Appendix A – Survey Questions for the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Introductory Script – “Greetings, my name is _________ and I am calling on behalf of the San Diego Workforce Partnership and we are conducting important research on occupations in your industry and we would like to ask for your participation.” The first part of the telephone interview is called Contact Verification. Part 1 - Contact Verification 1. Currently, how many employees do you have at this location? 2. How many do you expect to have at this time next year? 3. May I have your name? 4. May I have your title? 5. Email collection ERISS Researchers then read a list of occupations that were likely found with the local business based on their Industry Classification and Size. Then for each occupation the local business stated as having the following data was collected. Part 2 - Staffing Questions 1. How many <occupation> do you have? 2. How many do expect to have at this time next year? 3. What is the annual turnover for this occupation? ERISS researchers then asked the following questions for some of the individual occupations the local business stated as having. Part 3 - Occupational Specific Questions 1. How long does it take to fill a vacancy for an experienced <occupation>?

Less than 2 weeks

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don’t know

Don't hire experienced 2. How long does it take to fill a vacancy for a non-experienced <occupation>?

Less than 2 weeks



342

Two to 4 weeks

1-3 months

3-6 months

More than 6 months

Don’t know

Don't hire non-experienced 3. How much work experience do you require for this occupation?

None

Under 3 months

3 to under 6 months


1 to under 2 years

2 to under 4 years

4 to under 10 years

10 years or more

Don’t know 4. Do you require an occupational license or certification for this occupation?

Yes

No

Don’t know 5. Which of the following Training and Education levels would you consider as most valuable when screening applicants for this occupation?

High School / GED

Some college


Associate degree

BS/BA

Graduate degree or above

None

Don’t know 6. Which of the following Career Advancement opportunities are offered at your company for this occupation?

Paid Training (paid by employer, off site)

Unpaid Training (paid by the employee, off site)

Job Shadowing

Job Coaching

In House Training

Internal Promotions



343

Other

None

Don’t know 7. Which of the following recruitment methods have you used in the last 12 months for this occupation?

Newspaper

Hire from within

Referrals/word-of-mouth

Unsolicited walk-ins


School placement offices

Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don’t know 8. Which of the following recruitment methods have been most effective for this occupation?

Newspaper

Hire from within

Referrals/word-of-mouth

Unsolicited walk-ins


School placement offices

Recruiters

Internet

Other

None

Don’t know 9. What is the starting salary range for a NON-EXPERIENCED <occupation>? 10. What is the starting salary range for EXPERIENCED <occupation>? The last part of the interview consisted of the following non-occupation specific questions. Part 4 - Supplemental Questions / Non-Occupational Specific Questions The final part of the interview will consist of the following non-occupation specific questions. 1. For your current employees, which of the following training methods are you utilizing to



344

meet your company’s needs?

Internal

External (Seminars, Workshops, Courses)

Both

None

Don’t Know If employer responds “None” or “Don’t Know” skip to question number 3. If not proceed to question number 2. 2. Are the training methods utilized meeting your company’s needs?

Yes

No

Don’t Know 3. How would you rate your awareness of the Hiring and Training Incentives offered by the San Diego Workforce Partnership, would you say you are…

Very Familiar

Somewhat Familiar

Not Familiar at all 4. Would you consider providing work experience to any of the following groups of workers?

Veterans

Persons with Disabilities

Former Offenders

Older Workers (55 years plus)

Transitioning Military

Welfare to Work Participants

Don’t know 5. What percentage of your workforce is unionized?

0-25%

26-50%

51-75%

76-100%

Other

None

Don’t know 6. How would you rate the effect of unionization on wages and benefits in your industry?

Significant

Somewhat significant



345

Not Significant at all

Don’t know 7. Would you be willing to participate in a focus group study hosted by the San Diego Workforce Partnership to better understand the issues and concerns facing your industry?

Yes

No

Don’t know



346

Appendix B – Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Definition for San Diego County The Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Cluster was defined by the San Diego Workforce Partnership in collaboration with ERISS Corporation using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS84). The Cluster was defined by identifying specific sub industries. Below is the agreed upon Definition of the Entertainment and Hospitality Industry in San Diego County. NAICS Code

NAICS Title Definition

487110 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation on land, such as sightseeing buses and trolleys, steam train excursions, and horse-drawn sightseeing rides. The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of origin.

487990 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing scenic and sightseeing transportation (except on land and water). The services provided are usually local and involve same-day return to place of departure.

512110 Motion Picture and Video Production

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing, or producing and distributing motion pictures, videos, television programs, or television commercials.

512191 Teleproduction and Other Postproduction Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized motion picture or video postproduction services, such as editing, film/tape transfers, subtitling, credits, closed captioning, and animation and special effects.

512199 Other Motion Picture and Video Industries

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing motion picture and video services (except motion picture and video production, distribution, exhibition, and teleproduction and other postproduction services).

515111 Radio Networks This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in assembling and transmitting aural programming to their affiliates or subscribers via over-the-air broadcasts, cable, or satellite. The programming covers a wide variety of material, such as news services, religious programming, weather, sports, or music.

515112 Radio Stations This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in broadcasting aural programs by radio to the public. Programming may originate in their own studio, from an affiliated network, or from external sources.

84

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) was developed under the direction and guidance of the Office of Management

and Budget (OMB) as the standard for use by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the collection, tabulation, presentation, and analysis of statistical data describing the U.S. economy.



347

515120 Television Broadcasting This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in broadcasting images together with sound. These establishments operate television broadcasting studios and facilities for the programming and transmission of programs to the public. These establishments also produce or transmit visual programming to affiliated broadcast television stations, which in turn broadcast the programs to the public on a predetermined schedule. Programming may originate in their own studio, from an affiliated network, or from external sources.

532220 Formal Wear and Costume Rental

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting clothing, such as formal wear, costumes (e.g., theatrical), or other clothing (except laundered uniforms and work apparel).

532292 Recreational Goods Rental

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in renting recreational goods, such as bicycles, canoes, motorcycles, skis, sailboats, beach chairs, and beach umbrellas.

561599 All Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except travel agencies, tour operators, and convention and visitors bureaus) primarily engaged in providing travel arrangement and reservation services.

611620 Sports and Recreation Instruction

This industry comprises establishments, such as camps and schools, primarily engaged in offering instruction in athletic activities to groups of individuals. Overnight and day sports instruction camps are included in this industry.

611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in offering instruction (except business, computer, management, technical, trade, fine arts, athletic, language instruction, tutoring, and automobile driving instruction). Also excluded from this industry are academic schools, colleges, and universities.

711110 Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters

This industry comprises (1) companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing the following live theatrical presentations: musicals; operas; plays; and comedy, improvisational, mime, and puppet shows and (2) establishments, commonly known as dinner theaters, engaged in producing live theatrical productions and in providing food and beverages for consumption on the premises. Theater groups or companies may or may not operate their own theater or other facility for staging their shows.

711120 Dance Companies This industry comprises companies, groups, or theaters primarily engaged in producing all types of live theatrical dance (e.g., ballet, contemporary dance, folk dance) presentations. Dance companies or groups may or may not operate their own theater or other facility for staging their shows.

711190 Other Performing Arts Companies

This industry comprises companies or groups (except theater companies, dance companies, musical groups, and artists) primarily engaged in producing live theatrical presentations.

711211 Sports Teams and Clubs This U.S. industry comprises professional or semiprofessional sports teams or clubs primarily engaged in participating in live sporting events, such as baseball, basketball, football, hockey, soccer, and jai alai games, before a paying audience. These establishments may or may not operate their own arena, stadium, or other facility for presenting these events.



348

711219 Other Spectator Sports This U.S. industry comprises (1) independent athletes, such as professional or semiprofessional golfers, boxers, and race car drivers, primarily engaged in participating in live sporting or racing events before a paying audience; (2) owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events or other spectator events; and (3) establishments, such as sports trainers, primarily engaged in providing specialized services required to support participants in sports events or competitions.

711310 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with Facilities

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) organizing, promoting, and/or managing live performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as state fairs, county fairs, agricultural fairs, concerts, and festivals, held in facilities that they manage and operate and/or (2) managing and providing the staff to operate arenas, stadiums, theaters, or other related facilities for rent to other promoters.

711320 Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities

This industry comprises promoters primarily engaged in organizing, promoting, and/or managing live performing arts productions, sports events, and similar events, such as state fairs, county fairs, agricultural fairs, concerts, and festivals, in facilities that are managed and operated by others. Theatrical (except motion picture) booking agencies are included in this industry.

711410 Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures

This industry comprises establishments of agents and managers primarily engaged in representing and/or managing creative and performing artists, sports figures, entertainers, and other public figures. The representation and management includes activities, such as representing clients in contract negotiations; managing or organizing client's financial affairs; and generally promoting the careers of their clients.

712110 Museums This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of objects of historical, cultural, and/or educational value.

712120 Historical Sites This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of sites, buildings, forts, or communities that describe events or persons of particular historical interest. Archeological sites, battlefields, historical ships, and pioneer villages are included in this industry.

712130 Zoos and Botanical Gardens

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of live plant and animal life displays.

712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of natural areas or settings.

713110 Amusement and Theme Parks

This industry comprises establishments, known as amusement or theme parks, primarily engaged in operating a variety of attractions, such as mechanical rides, water rides, games, shows, theme exhibits, refreshment stands, and picnic grounds. These establishments may lease space to others on a concession basis.

713210 Casinos (except Casino Hotels)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating gambling facilities that offer table wagering games along with other gambling activities, such as slot machines and sports betting. These establishments often provide food and beverage services. Included in this industry are floating casinos (i.e., gambling cruises, riverboat casinos).

713290 Other Gambling Industries

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating gambling facilities (except casinos or casino hotels) or providing gambling services.



349

713910 Golf Courses and Country Clubs

This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating golf courses (except miniature) and (2) establishments primarily engaged in operating golf courses, along with dining facilities and other recreational facilities that are known as country clubs. These establishments often provide food and beverage services, equipment rental services, and golf instruction services.

713920 Skiing Facilities This industry comprises establishments engaged in (1) operating downhill, cross-country, or related skiing areas and/or (2) operating equipment, such as ski lifts and tows. These establishments often provide food and beverage services, equipment rental services, and ski instruction services. Four-season resorts without accommodations are included in this industry.

713940 Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating fitness and recreational sports facilities featuring exercise and other active physical fitness conditioning or recreational sports activities, such as swimming, skating, or racquet sports.

713990 All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries

This industry comprises establishments (except amusement parks and arcades; gambling industries; golf courses and country clubs; skiing facilities; marinas; fitness and recreational sports centers; and bowling centers) primarily engaged in providing recreational and amusement services.

721110 Hotels (except casino hotels)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing short-term lodging in facilities known as hotels, motor hotels, resort hotels, and motels. The establishments in this industry may offer food and beverage services, recreational services, conference rooms and convention services, laundry services, parking, and other services.

721120 Casinos Hotels This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing short-term lodging in hotel facilities with a casino on the premises. The casino on premises includes table wagering games and may include other gambling activities, such as slot machines and sports betting. These establishments generally offer a range of services and amenities, such as food and beverage services, entertainment, valet parking, swimming pools, and conference and convention facilities.



350

Appendix C – ERISS Survey Methodology For Cluster projects this methodology has slight variations. The Employer Database ERISS uses a commercially available database of local employers within specific size categories. The database is then subjected to a quality assurance review, including an examination of employer records for correct Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), name, titles, size and other relevant data points. This database is integrated into our current survey programming processes and the employers are targeted based on their SIC-code and Department of Labor Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) employment projections. Sampling ERISS conducts large-scale, representative sample surveys using a technique known as "stratified proportional quota sampling." This technique enables researchers to accurately represent the major characteristics of a population by sampling a proportional amount of each. Pre-determined population characteristics (such as company size, industry, and region) serve as stratification criteria.

The result of this sampling design is an optimized allocation of the sample among the various strata. Additionally, this technique allows researchers a great deal of flexibility in terms of representation of pre-chosen strata within the population. For example, a particular region may have relatively few large companies, but these companies account for a large proportion of regional employment. Purposive over sampling of larger companies ensures the employees and occupations at these companies are represented in the survey to the degree they impact the region, not just their proportionate representation in the overall population. Finally, ERISS combines this sampling method with a "census" survey approach to ensure as many employers are contacted as possible. To this end, ERISS attempts to contact every employer in the employer database with five-or-more employees, and achieves response rates of 20% to 40%. This means that for an area with 20,000 employers, we would obtain responses from between 4,000 to 8,000 employers. This is conservatively four to ten times as many responses as would be obtained using a traditional stratified random sampling technique. The higher number of responses ensures sufficient data is gathered to provide detailed local information, even when stratified by sub-regions, industry classifications employer size and even customized industry sub-clusters. The result of such a large sample and the use of stratified proportional quota sampling results in representative data on a number of dimensions. Random samples can also be stratified on a multiple dimensions, but because fewer employers are surveyed in a random sample, these stratifications are based on fewer responses and may have a higher level of error.



351

Methodological Tradeoffs There are inherent advantages and disadvantages to any research methodology. There is no single method best suited to all types of research. Labor market research is typified by a series of tradeoffs that are best characterized in terms of cost/benefit. Research goals, intended use of the data and available resources largely dictate the optimum method of choice. The method that returns the most value is often not the most theoretically desirable, but rather the most valid for the purpose and budget of the survey. Obtaining a true random sample along all desired stratification levels usually requires the expenditure of resources greatly out of proportion to the expected returns. For the applied purposes of most workforce professionals, surveying the greatest number of employers possible in a representative, valid, and cost effective manner is of greater importance than achieving a true random sample that allows for the use of statistical techniques that are often of little applied value to the purposes of the survey on a local workforce development level. Therefore, for research involving job markets, sample representativeness is often a more important consideration than true randomization (which is better suited to research more experimental in nature and design, and where timeliness of the data is not an issue). Additionally, due to selection bias, non-response, inaccurate or non-representative database source, attrition and other factors, studies originally designed as random sample surveys often do not qualify as random after the survey is complete. Due to a dependence on randomization to ensure the generalizability of survey results (rather than targeting individual strata or other techniques to ensure representativeness), the final result of some "random sample" surveys are samples that are neither random nor representative. Assuming a true random sample is achieved, what are the advantages and disadvantages of true random sampling over other techniques such as proportional quota sampling? The primary advantage is that statistical theory can be used to make generalizations from the sample of employers to the population. However, sampling theory dictates that the more units sampled from a population, the closer the sample comes to approximating the characteristics of the population (assuming sampling is equivalent across various demographic dimensions, such as company size). When a large proportion of the employer population is surveyed, the ability to make accurate statements about those employers is largely equivalent to making statements about the population as a whole. Additionally, measures to ensure and gauge external validity can be utilized. For example, a comparison of ERISS data for a key factor such as salary, with pre-existing salary information about the target population can add confidence to the survey data. In sum, as compared to a random sample survey, the primary advantage of our approach is a representative and valid sample containing a higher number of responses, representing more occupations, with a lower cost, and most importantly, more timely results. Our surveys are completed within 16-weeks, hence workforce professionals have the most recent job market information available.



352

Admittedly, some sacrifices are made in terms of generalizability of the survey results as compared with surveys using probabilistic sampling techniques. The information provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics utilizing random sample survey techniques cannot be replaced by any other method in terms of value for strategic decisions and planning. However, the information required for more tactical decisions (such as those common to local "One-Stop centers") must be more current and represent a large number of local employers. Ideally, the timely, representative data provided by ERISS in conjunction with random sample survey data (such as provided by the BLS) supplies the necessary information workforce professions require for both tactical and strategic labor market solutions.

Tracking of Stratification Parameters As previously described, the sample is stratified in terms of industry, company size, and region. This is accomplished by means of real-time data tracking. The emerging sample is inspected daily, and resources are adjusted and reallocated to ensure representativeness in terms of each stratification parameter. For example, if an employer database indicates that the Business Services industry accounts for roughly 8% of all employers in a region, steps are taken to ensure this industry represents approximately 8% of all industries in the final survey data. Similarly, company size (regardless of industry assignment), and regional representation are tracked and adjusted. The survey is not considered complete until all stratification parameters fall within the predetermined ranges, and the overall required response rate has been achieved. The Staffing Pattern ERISS employs sophisticated staffing patterns to determine which occupations to survey for each individual employer. These staffing patterns are based upon interviews with more than 2,000,000 employers, crossing four-digit SIC codes to enhanced, 8-digit O*NET codes (ERISS uses customized eight-digit O*NET codes to account for new and emerging occupations not yet represented in the standard O*NET coding system). Considering the volatility of occupational titles and the evolution and development of new industries and categories of businesses, staffing patterns tend to lose their ability to reflect occupational trends over time. Therefore, the ERISS staffing patterns are modified and updated to accurately reflect occupations in the current labor market. This is accomplished by continuous adjustments and improvements as we incorporate information from each completed survey to reflect new occupations or existing occupations appearing in new industrial classifications.

Occupational Targeting ERISS deploys both preset and dynamic targeting criteria for occupational selection. Preset targeting criteria include: · Sponsor requests - occupations that are selected as "special interest" occupations by our customers. Occupational "rarity" - for example, when surveying fire stations, the occupation "fire chief" would be given top priority since they are found



353

nowhere else. Number of potential employers - the more potential employers, the higher the priority. The ERISS dynamic targeting process is designed to adjust the parameters of the survey in real-time, as the survey is being conducted. The targeting program works by following the pre-set parameters to ensure the proper amounts and types of industries, occupations and company sizes are surveyed. These parameters operate at multiple levels simultaneously and the number of surveys required for each occupation varies according to the fulfillment of certain preset requirements as well as the characteristics of the developing survey data To determine the proper number of surveys required for each occupation, dynamically adjusting thresholds, referred to as "floors" and "ceilings," are used. The "ceiling" is defined as the point at which the collection of more data for a particular occupation will no longer significantly impact the results. The "floor" refers to the minimum number of occupational surveys required for occupational data to be considered valid and publishable. In response to live survey data, the program adjusts these thresholds for each occupation. For example, if the existing data for a particular occupation is displaying a high amount of salary variability, the program adjusts the floor so that a higher number of these occupations are targeted for surveying, thereby increasing the confidence in the data for that occupation. Occupations with very little salary variability require fewer data points to achieve the same level of confidence. As more occupational surveys are collected, and the dynamic minimum threshold is reached, the probability that the occupation will be selected for surveying declines until, after the maximum threshold is reached, the probability becomes zero, and the occupation is no longer surveyed. Additionally, before the survey, targeting parameters can be manually adjusted to ensure that certain "VIP" businesses or other high-priority targets, whether they be industries, regions, occupations or even specific firms or companies, are sampled in sufficient numbers. One special feature of the program is the ability to know when enough occupations have been surveyed using more than simple "counts." For instance, some occupations typically have a great deal of salary variability (i.e. large range between the highest and lowest salaries). These types of occupations require more data in order to make confident statements concerning the average and median salaries. Using existing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and other sources, these occupations are identified prior to the start of the survey and assigned higher completion thresholds ensuring adequate numbers are surveyed according to the salary characteristics.

Data Validation Data is validated at three points during the survey process; during the live survey (real-time validation), spot checks of completed surveys (usually within 24 hours of the survey) and after the survey calls are complete (post-survey validation).

Real-time validation is conducted along several dimensions, the first being during keyboard



354

entry. The ERISS CATI (Computer Aided Telephone Interview) system performs extensive logic and range checking both in terms of salary points, hiring and turnover numbers, etc. During the survey, ERISS Interviewers are also subject to both visual (observations of screens) and audio ("silent" listening) monitoring. Experienced ERISS team-leaders, trained in management and leadership listen-in on randomly selected survey calls. This monitoring not only ensures that data is collected in a standardized and reliable manner, but also that Interviewers are polite and professional when interviewing employers. Additionally, ERISS survey team-leaders visually monitor the Interviewers computer screens to track survey progress and method. Also during the live-survey, survey statistics are monitored in real-time to track trends in the developing database. For each individual Interviewer as well as at the aggregate level, these statistics document such factors as number of calls, average length of call, successful surveys, phone appointments, and various other factors crucial to tracking the live survey. This information is also used to target Interviewers for observation. In addition to the live-survey monitoring, daily tabulations of the survey data are conducted. At the end of each day of survey operations, a review and analysis of survey statistics and other statistical information collected to date is conducted. These "daily" statistics are used to analyze and interpret trends in key areas such as "representativeness" by size and industry. This information is used to devise strategy and targeting adjustments for the following day’s survey. Also, daily validation calls are made to participants to spot-check data. These calls are made by experienced ERISS Interviewers to randomly selected employers. This not only provides a valuable validity check on the collected data, but it also provides a check on the accuracy of individual Interviewers.

Post-Survey Validation Once the calls are complete, the raw data is processed by a series of post-processing software programs developed specifically for the purpose. These programs flag (and eliminate if desired) data outliers, determine and flag data variability, create data aggregations and provide summary tables as well as data validation tabulations. Data points that are considered suspect or out-of-bounds according to a number of parameters are rechecked by calling the relevant employer and asking validation questions. If the data in question is still suspect, the decision can be made to remove it from the data set Once all data runs are complete, the raw data is then processed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) macros to calculate a variety of statistical measures that we then compare to the aggregate results above. Tests include response distribution against the target population along geographical areas, industry clusters and employer size. Based upon these data runs, we create a summary of our findings relating to data validity by industry, by area and by employer size by area. Lastly, the resulting data sets are evaluated against initial targeting parameters as agreed upon with the survey sponsor. In consultation with the sponsor, a determination is made as to whether the survey is complete, or whether to continue the survey to gather additional information.



355

Guidelines for Publication of Data After the survey is completed, not all data will meet minimum requirements for publication. Although publication can take the form of an Internet application, or a written report, these guidelines remain the same. One requirement is that there be enough observations to validly represent a particular occupation as determined by the occupational "floors" discussed above. As such, the required number of observations will vary from occupation to occupation. For example, if we obtained four observations for "Police Officer" from a total of five possible precincts, we publish. On the other hand, a higher publishing criteria would exist for occupations such as "General Managers and Top Executives," where there are many more employers and higher data variability. In order to ensure confidentiality, ERISS will, under no circumstances, publish occupational data representing less than four employers, nor any occupation where just one employer represents an overall weight of 80% or more.

Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Cluster Survey · About the San Diego Workforce Partnership...

Documents

Transcript of Entertainment and Hospitality Industry Cluster Survey · About the San Diego Workforce Partnership...