Abstract for Aquaculture RAS Breeding Farm for Aquarium Corals and Ornamental Fish

This abstract reflects general technical andmarket aspects of ornamental fish anddecorative coral breeding

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INTRODUCTION OF FISH BREEDING

INVERT SUGAR ABSTRACTThe food and drink industry depends heavily on enzymes. Enzymes produced by yeast have been used for thousands of years in brewing and baking. Invert sugar (IS) contains fructose and glucose in roughly equal proportions. The Invert sugar is greater in demand than pure glucose as food and drink sweeteners, because fructose is sweeter than glucose.Main consumers of Invert Sugar are the baking, beverages, canning, confectionery and dairy industries. In addition, high fructose syrup is used in

The history of raising captiveornamental fish expands backseveral thousands of years in China.Keeping colorful and fancy fish,known as ‘live jewels’, is one of theoldest and most popular hobbies inthe world. The growing interest inaquarium fishes has resulted insteady increase in aquarium fishtrade globally. There are thousand’sof species of sea and freshwater fishsold throughout the world in theornamental fish industry. While

traditionally, many of these fishhave been captured from the wild,there has been an increasing trendtowards captive breeding over thepast twenty years. Indeed, as manyas 90 % of freshwater fish now soldin the hobby are farmed.RAS (usually tanks or containmentstructures with engineering tocirculate water and manage itsquality) offers an alternative to themost common used farmingtechniques like ponds, racewaysand net cages. The high capitalcosts of such RAS implies that thesystem is operated to the closestmaximum efficiency to generate asufficient income which will coverthe initial costs.Ornamental fish keeping isbecoming popular as an easy andstress relieving hobby. Hobby

private households have anaquarium and the number isincreasing day by day through outthe world. Ornamental fish farmingis also growing to meet thisdemand as also wild sources goingmore limited in catch do toprotection policies, environmentaldamage and over catching. The factis that USA, Europe and Japan are

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INTRODUCTION OF FISH BREEDING AND CORALS

the largest markets for ornamentalfish but more than 65 % of theexports come from Asia.The right brood-stock managementleads to a low mortality rate of thefarmed fish and corals andtherefore guarantees a highharvest. The key factors withinbrood-stock management are:

• The right choice of fish parentsand corals fragments

• The right hatching of coralfragment and harvesting

• The right hatching ofornamental fish ready forfarming

• Optimized environmentalconditions of the fish speciesand corals breeding

Additional key factors duringfarming are an adequate feeding ofthe fish and corals as well as anadequate water treatment andcirculation of the farming facilitiesto ensure the intended growth andto prevent diseases within thestock.

DECORATIVE CORALSCorals are marine invertebratestypically living in compact coloniesof many identical individual polyps.The most known ones are the StonyCorals (Scleractinia), who aremarine animals in the phylumCnidaria that live on the seabed and

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INTRODUCTION OF INVERTEBRATES AND MARKET

build themselves a hard skeleton.Solitary corals can be as much as25cm (10”) across but in colonialspecies the polyps are usually only afew millimeters in diameter.Additionally to the Stony Coralsthere exist Soft Corals (Alyonacea)as well. These Alcyonacea are anorder of corals which do notproduce calcium carbonateskeletons. Unlike stony corals, mostsoft corals thrive in nutrient-richwaters with less intense light.

OTHER MARINE INVERTEBRATESPolyps or Zoanthids (orderZoantharia also called Zoanthidea orZoanthiniaria) are an order ofcnidarians commonly found in coralreefs, the deep sea and many othermarine environments around the

world. These animals come in avariety of different colonizingformations and in numerous colors.Sponges are animals of the phylumPorifera. They are multicellularorganisms that have bodies full ofpores and channels allowing waterto circulate through them.Some of the common species sellfor as little as 20 USD while similarsized colony of a rare species likeAcanthastrea sells for over 1,000USD.

MARKET ANALYSISAccording to NABARD, the 5 billionUSD global ornamental fisherygrows 8% annually. The topexporter is Singapore followed byHong Kong and Malaysia; thelargest importer is the USA,

followed by Europe and Japan,while China and South Africa are theemerging markets.The average hobbyist is male age 25-35 with less than 5 years ofexperience in the hobby. The averagereef aquarium is 100 gallons (approx.380 L) and it is common for anaquarist to have more than onemarine aquarium. Hobbyists tend tobe more interested in corals ratherthan fish and spend between 5,000USD and 10,000 USD on theiraquariums (Thein, 2005).Upon on international ratio statistic5% of the population is an aquariumhobby active.Anemonefish make up 43% of theglobal marine ornamental trade, and25% of the global trade comes fromfish bred in captivity, while the

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INTRODUCTION OF MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY

INVERT SUGAR ABSTRACTThe food and drink industry depends heavily on enzymes. Enzymes produced by yeast have been used for thousands of years in brewing and baking. Invert sugar (IS) contains fructose and glucose in roughly equal proportions. The Invert sugar is greater in demand than pure glucose as food and drink sweeteners, because fructose is sweeter than glucose.Main consumers of Invert Sugar are the baking, beverages, canning, confectionery and dairy industries. In addition, high fructose syrup is used in

majority are captured from thewild, accounting for decreaseddensities in exploited areas.

SALES AND EXPORT SOURCESSales and export sources are:• Private Households with the

biggest community of hobbyaquarium holder

• Palace and royal familyresidences

• Commercial Buildings likebanks, companies andOrganizations

• Ministries• Shopping malls• Restaurants• Aqua zoo• Museum• Hotels• Theme Parks• Pet shops

Despite the increase in captive coralpropagation for the aquarium tradein the last few years it is obviousthat the industry is only at theearliest stages of development.

RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURESYSTEMS (RAS)Recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS) are used in home aquaria and

for fish production where waterexchange is limited and the use ofbiofiltration is required to reduceammonia toxicity. Other types offiltration and environmental controlare often also necessary tomaintain clean water and provide asuitable habitat for fish. The mainbenefit of RAS is the ability toreduce the need for fresh, clean

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INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY

INVERT SUGAR ABSTRACTThe food and drink industry depends heavily on enzymes. Enzymes produced by yeast have been used for thousands of years in brewing and baking. Invert sugar (IS) contains fructose and glucose in roughly equal proportions. The Invert sugar is greater in demand than pure glucose as food and drink sweeteners, because fructose is sweeter than glucose.Main consumers of Invert Sugar are the baking, beverages, canning, confectionery and dairy industries. In addition, high fructose syrup is used in

water while still maintaining ahealthy environment for fish. To beoperated economically commercialRAS must have high fish stockingdensities, and many researchers arecurrently conducting studies todetermine if RAS is a viable form ofintensive aquaculture. The need ofindividual species may vary andtherefore the system has to beoptimized consequently to deliveran optimum which will assist theconsistent conditions for growth.The engineering of any RAS systemis difficult to maintain as goodquality conditions must be ensuredin order to maintain the fish andcrustaceans health.

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