Enriching Parklands for 2011

8/6/2019 Enriching Parklands for 2011

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ENRICHING PARKLANDS

DR. J. A. YIDANA

University for DevelopmentStudies,Tamale, Ghana


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The Problem

The natural resource base for shea industryis under increasing threat

Bush fires

Cutting for firewood and charcoal

Expanding housing needs

Commercialization of Agriculture

Alternative tree crops projectsMango, Cashew , Jatropha


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Threatened resource base of Shea Industry - bushfires


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Excellent for charcoal but reduces sheanut production


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This plantation is now history The land sold out for housing


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Large scale mango plantings organic, conventional


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SOLUTION

Domesticate the shea tree for cultivation.

What are the opportunities for successfuldomestication of shea ?


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Fruit types vary: sweet, thick pulp, thin pulp,multiple nuts- important for developing

varieties

Oil content: 30 63 %, Good pre-processingquality profile of natural oil content of nuts

Variable individual tree yield: 17 kg over 60

kg fresh fruits per tree- selection for high yields possible


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Shea Grafting Method

1.Grafting on natural saplings Select a protected shea plantation in a

specified community

Discuss and agree on project

Identify and select high yielding trees for useas scion source.

Condition scion stock branches as follows:

- Select branches with thickness from 2.5 to 3.5 cm

- remove all leaves from selected scion stock 10days before grafting is due

Note: Epicormic shoots give higher rates of success.


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Normal shoot on shea tree

Normal shoot

Epicormic shoots


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2. Grafting on seedling rootstock

Raise rootstock 3 4 years in advance.

Maintenance in Nursery

Water 3 times a week for first two years

then once a week until required for grafting

Remove weeds

Prune off multiple shoots

Re-pot and prune roots every six months


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SHEA SEEDLINGS

TWO YEARS IN NURSERY


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THE PROCESS OF GRAFTING

Preparation of rootstock of saplings Thin out to one stem at each stand.

Prune to remove extra branches

Clear surrounding weeds


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Timing of grafting

April to June best time to graft

Early morning and late afternoon best

time of day

Scion size: 6 - 12 cm long

2 - 3.5 cm thick


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Success rates in Two methods of grafting:

Side grafting -- 80 %

Top or wedge grafting-- 82%


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MAINTENANCE OF GRAFTED SHEA PLANTS

Prune off all side shoots from

rootstock regularly

Prune off low branches from scion

until the scion is about 1 m tall

protect from bush fire

control weed growth


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Maturity period of grafted shea

Fruiting begins 2 years after

grafting

Yield increases as the plants

become bigger The plants exhibit the

characteristics of the scion

mother plant


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THANK YOU

Enriching Parklands for 2011

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