CONCEPTS IN

PLANNING

Maria Lourdes T. Munárriz, PhD,

EnP UP-School of Urban and Regional Planning Institute of

Environmental Planners

What is Environmental Planning?

The science of ordering the use of land, where buildings and communication routes are located in order to secure an optimum economy, convenience and beauty.

Concerned with providing the right site at the right time, in the right place for the right people.

What is Environmental Planning?

The art of anticipating changes and making a balance among economic, social and physical forces, which determine the location, form and effect of development. What is Environmental Planning?

A reconciliation of social and economic objectives of public and private institutions … in the allocation of

resources, e.g., land, to obtain maximum efficiency while considering the nature of the built environment and the welfare of the community.

What is Urban Space?

A social creation … the product of creative activity. Once spatial relations are formed, there is a seeming fixity … a life of their own.

In other words, urban space is a consequence of the activities carried on within it, the characteristics of the people

who occupy it, the form given to it by its physical structures, and the perceptions with which people regard it.

Foundations of Planning Factors that contributed to growth of industrial towns:

Population change – decrease in death rate and increase in birth rate

Economic change (1760-1830) – impacts on urban and rural communities

Birth of new transportation – locomotive Expanding commercial activity

Foundations of Planning continued

Some Determinants of Urban & Regional Form:

Contemporary Economic Re-structuring –

decentralize production and population, while economic control has become increasingly concentrated in multinational firms and financial institutions.

Declining industrial centers – industries move to

suburbs due to cheaper labor and land, less burdensome regulation, weak labor unions … competition from other advanced industries, e.g., Japan displaced many industries of USA and Britain.

Foundations of Planning continued

Global cities – control of world financial system, where financial and business services have resisted decentralization. Ex. London, New York and Tokyo are premier global cities.

Expanding and contracting regions – simultaneous growth and decline with a nation, a region or a metropolitan area … within an area, some regions are expanding while others suffer from disinvestment.

Military-industrial centers – high-tech expansion was closely tied to military investment due to cold war between USA and USSR in the 20th century. Thus, there is changing patterns in national government investment.

Nature and Types of Planning

National, regional, local levels Economic, social, physical,

environmental Short, medium and long terms, Allocative and innovative

Nature and Types of Planning

National, regional, local levels

National level is multi-objective and tends to be economic in content.

Regional level straddles the national and local gap; economic factors are of major importance; deals with fundamental physical problems of the region.

Local level deals with problems of communities within its area.

Nature and Types of Planning

Allocative and innovative Planning

Allocative or regulatory planning is concerned with coordination, the resolution of conflicts

ensuring that the existing system is ticking over efficiently through time in accordance with evolving policies.

Innovative or development planning is planning

for efficient functioning of existing systems and improving/developing the system as a whole.

PLANNING PROJECTS

Agricultural Tourism Commercial

Industrial Residential Mixed Use

Government Center

Academic Campus Military

Concept Operationalization

Translate Concept: Value of education

ideas, - ask students how

opinions into long they study daily attributes/ after school variables - willing to go

through floods in order to get to school?

Goals, Objectives, Targets

Goals: 1. General and highly abstract

2. Broad categories: social, economic and

physical

3. Arranged in hierarchy, according to

importance

Goals, Objectives, Targets continued

Example Of Goals Earlier times (20th century): Health (physical), education, income and

its distribution, mobility Current times (21th century): Health (physical) public safety,

circulation, provision of services and facilities, fiscal health, economic goals,

environmental protection and redistributive goals.

Goals, Objectives, Targets continued

Objectives 1. More specific than goals, 2. Actual programmes being carried into

action, 3. Require the spending of resources …

implies an element of competition for scarce resources.

Ex. If mobility is the general goal, then the objectives could be reduction of travel time (O-D), improvement in quality of public transportation.

Goals, Objectives, Targets continued

Targets 1. More detailed than objectives, 2. A further stage of refinement, 3. Performance are set against target

dates.

Ex. Construction of an underground railway within 10 years … to reduce travel time from origin to destination.

Some EnP Terminologies

in the Philippines Land use plan – describes how land shall be put to

use in the next 5 years.

Commercial zone – the central business district … areas designated for trade, services and business purposes.

Ecozone – special economic zone … selected areas with highly developed or which have the potential to be developed into agro-industrial, industrial, tourist/recreational, commercial, banking, investment and financial centers.

in the Philippines

Some EnP Terminologies Environmental planning – activities concerned with

the management and development of land, as well as the preservation, conservation and rehabilitation of the human environment.

Buffer zones – identified areas outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent to designated protected areas pursuant to Section 8 of RA 7586 that need special development control to avoid or minimize harm to the protected area.

in the Philippines Base map – a map that serves as the working map

and provides the standard configuration of the planning unit for the preparation of the thematic maps. The base map shows the political

Some EnP Terminologies boundaries, main river system, main road system and other important topographic features.

Basic needs approach to development – the identification, production and marketing of wage goods and services for consumption of rural communities. in the Philippines

Sustainable development – from Wikipedia, it is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment … so that these needs are met both at present in in the future. From the Bruntland Commission, it is development that meets the needs of the present

Some EnP Terminologies without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

END