Enhancing Patient Care by Improving the Structure of Ophthalmic Education

Bruce E. Spivey, M.D., M.S., MEd.

President, International Council of Ophthalmology

IAPB 9th General Assembly 2012

September 17, 2012

Hyderabad, India

The International Council of Ophthalmology has created a comprehensive Education Program with particular focus on developing Countries:

1) Residency Curriculum—now universally accepted—e.g. EBO. Also Medical Student and Allied Health

2) Resident Program Directors Courses—22 Worldwide3) Annual Evaluation (5 Exams)—2,000 + each year4) Fellowship Programs—3 months for developing countries

—615. Additional 1 year programs5) Subspecialty Curriculum—12+ including Community

Ophthalmology and Management 6) Teaching the Teachers Program—at supranational

meetings7) Center for Ophthalmic Educators—web based8) CME/CPD—Future

Learning Occurs in Many Ways

• Watching and listening—observership

• Following and mimicking–preceptorship

• Curriculum with objectives—structured experience

• ICO curriculum presently is “Content” = “what” to teach (needs local modification)

• ICO curriculum intends to include “How”, “when”, “who”, “where” to teach

• Curriculum framework & implementation plan is LOCAL determined and implemented locally

Curriculum Revision:• Updates the existing three levels (basic, standard and advanced.) It

will also add a section on community eye health and incorporate a new fourth "subspecialist" or "fellowship" level of training

• This fourth level will serve as the basis for the future development of subspecialty curricula

• Moving from traditional to modern definition of curriculum• Traditional: What to teach (content outline)• Modern: What, Who, When, How, Why

• The future of ICO curriculum: To be the “go to resource” globally for ophthalmic educators”

• Alignment with Teaching the Teachers projects

• Subspecialty curricula development now in progress

• Updated initial 2006 curriculum in 2011

• Now creating fellowship curricula (sub-specialties)

• Disseminating curriculum worldwide

• Adding languages

• Using curriculum as teaching tool in Teaching the Teachers program globally

Residency Curriculum Created-2006

• Total of 16 Sub Segments• Total number of Ophthalmologists involved is 140-- this includes

those who developed the content as well as who reviewed it

New ICO Residency Curriculum 2011, finalized September 2012 to beModified as to Environment and Capacity locally

ICO Programs: International Curricula

- For residents, allied providers and medical students (2006)- For Ophthalmic assistants (2009) and refractionists (2011)- New curriculum for residents (2012)

- For subspecialty training (2012-2014)

ICO Program Directors Meetings> 1000 Program Directors thus far!

Residency Program Directors Course

2004 • Mexico City, Mexico

2006• Lima, Peru• Cairo, Egypt

2007• Lahore, Pakistan• Buenos Aires, Argentina• Brasilia, Brazil

2008• Florianopolis, Brazil• Portoroz, Slovenia• Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2009• Beijing, China• Bali, Indonesia• Bogotá, Columbia2010• Hyderabad, India• Ankara, Turkey• Xian, China• Bogotá, Colombia2011• Guangzhou, China• Crete, Greece• Delhi, India2012• Portoroz, Slovenia• Nanjing, China• Helsinki, Finland

Evaluation—Annual Exam- Initiated 1994

Exams take place in 67 countries, and 130 examinations centers

Exams offered:• Theoretical Optics and Refraction• Basic Science• Clinical Sciences• Advanced FICO• Foundation Assessment—available in January 2013

In 2012 the number of exams taken:

• Clinical Sciences – 754 exams• Basic Science – 1,261 exams• Theoretical Optics and Refraction – 1,312 exams• Advanced FICO- 232 registered, exam to be taken in October TOTAL of 3,327 exams taken

Subspecialty Fellowships- Initiated 2000

Number Provided:• 615 since 2000 — 3 Months• 6 Helmerich— 1 year• 4 Alcon Slovenia— 1+ year• SAARC— just beginning

• Fred Hollows Foundation Fellowships— just beginning and funded for 2012-2014

• ICO/FHF Fellowships: 3 month fellowships• Allocated to countries in Africa, South Asia, South East Asia, Pacific Region

• ICO/FHF: 1 year subspecialty fellowships• SAO/ICO/FHF: 1 year subspecialty fellowships

• Allocated to the SAARC Region

 - Number of Countries from: 85          -Number of Countries to: 25

3-months ICO Fellows come from 35-40 countries annually

Subspecialty Curricula

• 4 are in progress (total number to be developed has not been decided yet, but at least 12)

First 4 curricula planned to be available early 2013: • Oculoplastic Surgery and Orbit• Neuro-Ophthalmology• Glaucoma• Cornea, External Diseases, and Refractive Surgery

A total of 30 ophthalmologists presently involved

• Advocacy• International, national, regional, local

• Efficiency of Practice• We need to learn it,

and then teach• Espousing and implementing

team care

• ICO Membership• Benefits for Members• Support for society and leadership development

Needed Programs

Educators • Education is key to professionalism

• Educators deserve our recognition, support and praise

• Educators rewards are too often only internal and to infrequently external

• We want to reward our leading educators with our respect, admiration and support– emotional and financial

Here’s to good teachers everywhere!!!

Center for Ophthalmic Educatorswww.educators.icoph.org

• The Center offers educational resources for teachers of all ophthalmic learners, as well as ways to share and collaborate with your peers and other ophthalmic educators

• Resources in teaching theory, assessment tools, curricula and materials to use to teach with. Monthly newsletter Ophthalmic Educators Letter. Work areas for ICO initiatives such as curricula development. Web-based courses to improve knowledge of teaching methods and theory, and their application online and in the classroom

• “Educate the educators about modern teaching and learning theory and methods”

• Goal is to empower medical teachers

Our Goal—Enhance Patient Care by Improving Education

1994- Exams Begin2000- Fellowships2004- Resident Program Directors2006- Initial Resident Curriculum2008- Ophthalmic Assistants and Medical Student Curricula2009- Teaching the Teachers2010- New and Additional Exams2011- Revised Curricula2012- Center for Ophthalmic Educators2012- Fellowship Curricula2013- FHF Fellows

Two decades of enhancing programs. We are improving education Worldwide—especially in developing Countries

2012 Strategic Plan for ICO Education

Training Teams to Meet Public Needs

Curricula and Expectations for Training

Programs

Continuing Professional Development

Accreditation and Certification

Teaching the Teachers

Technologies for Teaching and Learning

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