English Usage/Grammar/ Punctuation Review · PDF fileMicrosoft PowerPoint - ACT [Compatibility...
-
Upload
trinhtuyen -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of English Usage/Grammar/ Punctuation Review · PDF fileMicrosoft PowerPoint - ACT [Compatibility...
English Usage/Grammar/Punctuation Review
Vocabulary Term --
Punctuation Apostrophe the
mark (') used to
indicate the
omission of one or
more letters from a more letters from a
printed word
Can also be used to
indicate possession
Vocabulary Term Type of
Phrase Idiom -- a phrase in
which the words
together have a
meaning that is
different from the different from the
dictionary definitions
of the individual
words
Vocabulary Terms Type of
Phrase Parenthetical
Phrase -- a
construction that can
be used to extend
the meaning of a the meaning of a
word or phrase but
is not one of the
main constituents of
a sentence
Vocabulary Term Type of
Phrase Preposition -- links nouns, pronouns,
and phrases to other words in a
sentence
Examples . . . Examples . . . The book is on the table.
The book is beneath the table.
The book is leaning against
the table.
The book is beside the table.
She held the book over the table.
She read the book during class.
Vocabulary Term Grammar
Basics Mechanics -- the
way the words and
phrases work
together within a
sentencesentence
Vocabulary Terms Editing
Necessities Modifier -- a word
that qualifies the
meaning of a noun or
verb
Parallelism -- a
Whats a phrase?
a sequence of two or
more words arranged in
a grammatical
construction and acting
as a unit in a sentence Parallelism -- a
balance of two or
more similar words,
phrases, or clauses
as a unit in a sentence
Whats a clause?
a construction of words
containing a subject and
predicate and forming
part of a sentence or
constituting a whole
simple sentence
Vocabulary Terms Editing
Necessities Pronoun word
that replaces a noun
or another pronoun
Ex: he, which, none,
you, I, it, etc . . . you, I, it, etc . . .
Usage long-
established method
of handling a given
word
Vocabulary Terms Editing
Necessities Rhetoric
using language effectively to please or persuade
Redundant Unnecessarily repetetive
Verbose Verbose Containing more words than necessary
Relevant Having significant importance to the matter at hand
Tone Expression of a mood
You are now armed with the vocabulary you need to
understand grammar instructionunderstand grammar instruction
Usage and MechanicsUsage and MechanicsUsage and MechanicsUsage and MechanicsUsage and MechanicsUsage and MechanicsUsage and MechanicsUsage and Mechanics
Punctuation Punctuation Punctuation Punctuation
Basic Grammar & Usage Basic Grammar & Usage Basic Grammar & Usage Basic Grammar & Usage
Sentence Structure Sentence Structure Sentence Structure Sentence Structure
Rhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsPunctuation Punctuation Punctuation Punctuation Rhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsRhetorical SkillsStrategy Strategy Strategy Strategy
Organization Organization Organization Organization
Style Style Style Style
Most Common Errors
Singulars and PluralsSingulars and PluralsSingulars and PluralsSingulars and Plurals (especially the word they)Pronoun UsagePronoun UsagePronoun UsagePronoun Usage (I or me, he or him, etc)Apostrophe UseApostrophe UseApostrophe UseApostrophe Use (its or its) (whose or whos)
Parenthetical Phrases and PunctuationParenthetical Phrases and PunctuationParenthetical Phrases and PunctuationParenthetical Phrases and Punctuation
Idiomatic Preposition Use Idiomatic Preposition Use Idiomatic Preposition Use Idiomatic Preposition Use (in, of, on, to, for)
Apostrophe UseApostrophe UseApostrophe UseApostrophe Use (its or its) (whose or whos)
Proper Word UsageProper Word UsageProper Word UsageProper Word Usage (there, their, theyre)(are, our)
Unidiomatic Verb Use Unidiomatic Verb Use Unidiomatic Verb Use Unidiomatic Verb Use (-ing endings)
Subject CaseSubject CaseSubject CaseSubject Case
I He I He I He I He SheSheSheShe WeWeWeWe TheyTheyTheyThey
WhoWhoWhoWho WhoeverWhoeverWhoeverWhoever
Pronoun Usage
Object CaseObject CaseObject CaseObject Case
MeMeMeMe Him Him Him Him HerHerHerHer UsUsUsUs Them Them Them Them
Whom Whom Whom Whom WhomeverWhomeverWhomeverWhomever
MOST common error in this area?
The use of THEYTHEYTHEYTHEY
Singulars and Plurals
When a friend borrows my car, I usually ask When aaaa friend borrows my car, I usually ask When a friend borrows my car, I usually ask them to fill it with gas before they return it.When aaaa friend borrows my car, I usually ask themthemthemthem to fill it with gas before theytheytheythey return it.
When friendssss borrow my car, I usually ask themthemthemthem to fill it with gas before theytheytheythey return it.
Subject or Object Case Pronoun?
If you have any questions about grammar usage, ask your English teacher or (I / me)(I / me)(I / me)(I / me) to help you.
Example:
STRATEGY: Leave out part of the sentence.STRATEGY: Leave out part of the sentence.STRATEGY: Leave out part of the sentence.STRATEGY: Leave out part of the sentence.
If you have any questions about grammar usage, ask (I /me)(I /me)(I /me)(I /me) to help you.
XXXX
Read it again WITHOUT the words Read it again WITHOUT the words Read it again WITHOUT the words Read it again WITHOUT the words your English teacher oryour English teacher oryour English teacher oryour English teacher or
teacher or (I / me)(I / me)(I / me)(I / me) to help you.
Rephrased:
WHO or WHOM? How do you decide?
STRATEGY: Use the Him/He TestSTRATEGY: Use the Him/He TestSTRATEGY: Use the Him/He TestSTRATEGY: Use the Him/He Test
1) Re-order the part of the sentence containing whowhowhowho or whomwhomwhomwhom....containing whowhowhowho or whomwhomwhomwhom....
2)Rephrase with hehehehe or himhimhimhim. . . .
Where himhimhimhim is the proper choice, then whomwhomwhomwhom would also be correct.
I wonder who/whomwho/whomwho/whomwho/whom he bribed to get this position.
To get this position, he bribed himhimhimhim....
Sample Problem
To get this position, he bribed himhimhimhim....
Correct Choice:Correct Choice:Correct Choice:Correct Choice: WhomWhomWhomWhom
WhoeverWhoeverWhoeverWhoever////WhomeverWhomeverWhomeverWhomever the drama teacher liked received a part in the play.
Sample Problem
The drama teacher liked himhimhimhim....
play.
Correct Choice:Correct Choice:Correct Choice:Correct Choice: WhomeverWhomeverWhomeverWhomever
Use the subjectsubjectsubjectsubject case if the pronoun
1) precedes a verb ANDANDANDAND
Caution with the Him/He Test
1) precedes a verb ANDANDANDAND
2) is the subject of that verb.
The police gave tickets to whoever/whomeverwhoever/whomeverwhoever/whomeverwhoever/whomever had parked in front of the fire hydrant.
Sample Problem
1) Is the pronoun followed by a verb? YesYesYesYes
2) Does that pronoun appear to be the subject of that verb? (Didwhoever actually do the parking?) YesYesYesYes
Its or Its? Whose or Whos?
The apostrophe takes the place of a letter.
ItsItsItsIts = It is WhosWhosWhosWhos = Who is
Slow down when you come to these.Slow down when you come to these.Slow down when you come to these.Slow down when you come to these.
Read the sentence as It is or Who is to Read the sentence as It is or Who is to Read the sentence as It is or Who is to Read the sentence as It is or Who is to be SURE youve chosen the correct answer.be SURE youve chosen the correct answer.be SURE youve chosen the correct answer.be SURE youve chosen the correct answer.
STRATEGY:STRATEGY:STRATEGY:STRATEGY:
Sample Problem
Whos Whos Whos Whos //// WhoseWhoseWhoseWhose Line Is It Anyway is a funny television show. Its Its Its Its ////ItsItsItsIts on the comedy channel.comedy channel.
1.1.1.1. Who isWho isWho isWho is Line Is It Anyway
2.2.2.2.WhoseWhoseWhoseWhose Line Is It AnywayOROROROR
Sample Problem
Whos Whos Whos Whos //// WhoseWhoseWhoseWhose Line Is It Anyway is a funny television show. Its Its Its Its ////ItsItsItsIts on the comedy channel.comedy channel.
1.1.1.1. It isIt isIt isIt is on the comedy channel
OROROROR2. 2. 2. 2. Its Its Its Its on the comedy channel
For questions involving proper word usageSLOW DOWN and READ CAREFULLY!!!!!
Our & Are
OurOurOurOur = possession AreAreAreAre = Verb
OurOurOurOur is spelled like youryouryouryour....Helpful Tip:Helpful Tip:Helpful Tip:Helpful Tip:
There, their, and theyre
ThereThereThereThere contains the word herehereherehere.
Their Their Their Their = Possession.
There There There There = Location
Their Their Their Their = Possession.
TheyreTheyreTheyreTheyre = They areSubstitute They areThey areThey areThey are in the sentence and see if it makes sense.
Parenthetical Phrases
Definition:Defini