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English Topics for

the level testARIEL GONZLEZIIIA

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Unit 1

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Verbs not usually used incontinuous forms

Some of these verbs refer to mental states (example: Believe) orelse, to the senses (example: smell)

Examples:

They think that bottled water tastesbetter.

Fruit juice containssugar.

Think: Mental stateTaste: Sense

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Gerund as subjectby/ for + gerundafter/before + participle clause

- Gerund as subjectewfdgfdhgfhjghkghjkhjkgh

Examples:

Goingto sleep is easy.

Playingfootball is great fun.

- By / For + gerund

vfdsgsfdgdsklhfkhdfsfksjdfhkslfhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

Examples:

You can get to sleep by wearing this watch-like gadget.

Its a clever gadget for opening bottles.

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Gerund as subjectby/ for + gerundafter/before + participle clause

After / Before + participle clause

jfdsdklfhlskdfhkdsfhskdjfhskdfhdksafhkashfk

Examples:

She came up with the idea afterstruggling to get up in themorning.

You are fully awake before turning it off

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Verb + gerund or infinitive

Few verbs are followed by the gerund: Avoid, Enjoy, Cant help,Keep, Dislike, Stop.

Examples:

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Unit. 2

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Present Perfect continuous withFORand SINCE

We use present perfect continuous with for and since to talk abouta continuous or repeated activity which started in the past andcontinues up to now.

Examples:

- He has been playing football for twelve years.

- I have been doing the homework since yesterday.

We can also use this tense to talk about recently completedcontinuous actions which have present results:

Example:

- He has been running a marathon. (he is exhaust and his face ired).

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Present perfect simple andcontinuous

We use present perfect simpleto describe a completed action or serieThe structure of the present perfect simple is:

subject + have/has+ Verb (past participle) (affirmative)

subject + have/has + not + Verb (past participle) + complement (ne

have/has + subject + Verb (past participle) + complement + ? (interr

Examples:

- I have done the homework to the class

- He hasnt studied for the history test

- have you had any job this year?

We can also use present perfect simple to focus on how many.

Example: I have had eightjob offers.

He has had sixbicycles

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Present perfect simple andcontinuous

We use present perfect continuous to describe an action which continues up tnow. It is also for repeated series of actions. The structure is:

subject + have/has + been + Verb (ingform)

Examples:

- He has been working for 6 hours.

- She has been crying for days.

- I have been playing football for 5 weeks, since the last Wednesday.

We can also use the present perfect continuous to focus on how long whentalking about continuous temporary activities

Example:

- The phone has been ringing all day (how long has the phone beenringing?)

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Past perfect simple and continuous

We use the past perfect simpleto describe the earlier of two past estructure of the past perfect simple is:

subject + had + Verb (past participle) + complement (affirmati

subject + had + not + Verb (past participle) + complement (ne

had + subject + Verb (past participle) + complement + ? (interr

Examples:-

-

-

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