English Tenses
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English Verb Tense ReviewEnglish Verb Tense Review
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Simple Present Tense
Otherwise known as the
Timeless PresentTimeless Present
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Simple Present Tense is used:Simple Present Tense is used:
• When you are referring to habitual actions--actions that you always or never do
• When you are referring to unchanging truths
• When you are making general statements of fact
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simple present tense
Examples
• (habit) He always comes late to class.
• (unchanging truth) The sun rises in the east.
• (general statement of fact) They are friendly.
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simple present tense
Indicators
Always Whenever Everyday
Usually Often Frequently
Sometimes Rarely Occasionally
never
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simple present tense
Form
I study I wait
You study You wait
S/he/it studies s/he/it waits
We study we wait
They study they wait
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simple present tense
Diagram--time on a line
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Simple Past TenseSimple Past Tense
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The Simple Past Tense is Used:The Simple Past Tense is Used:
• When an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past--in other words, when an activity or situation is completed in the past
• To refer to past habits
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Simple Past Tense
ExamplesExamples
• (Completed action in the past) He was late to class yesterday.
• (Completed action in the past) We arrived three weeks ago.
• (Past habit) She always wrote a letter to her mother on Sunday night.
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Simple Past Tense
IndicatorsIndicators
Last night, week, year, month, Saturday,semester, etc.
Yesterday
ago
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Simple Past Tense
FormForm
I studied I waited
You studied You waited
S/he/it studied S/he/it waited
We studied We waited
They studied They waited
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Simple Past Tense
Diagram--time on a line
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The Present PerfectThe Present Perfect
A tense very commonly used in English to refer to the past!
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The Present Perfect is Used:The Present Perfect is Used:
• When an activity happened at an unspecified time in the past (before the present)
• When an activity has been repeated several times before now
• When an activity was very recently completed before now
• When an activity is not completed in the past
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Present Perfect Tense
ExamplesExamples
• (unspecified time before now) They have already seen that movie.
• (repeated activity before now) We have visited New York City many times.
• (an action has recently been completed before now) I have just eaten.
• (action not completed in the past) I have studied Spanish for many years.
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Present Perfect Tense
IndicatorsIndicators
Before Ever Never
So far Already Yet
Just Recently For
since
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Present Perfect Tense
Form 1Form 1have have or or has has + + past participlepast participle
I have studied . . . I have seen . . .
You have studied . . . You have seen . . .
S/he/it has studied . . S/he/it has seen . . .
We have studied . . . We have seen . . .
They have studied . . . They have seen . . .
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Present Perfect Tense
Form 2
I've walked . . . I've grown . . .
You've walked . . . You've grown . . .
S/he/it's walked . . . S/he/it's grown . . .
We've walked . . . We've grown . . .
They've walked . . . They've grown . . .
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Present Perfect Tense
Diagram 1--time on a lineDiagram 1--time on a line
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Present Perfect Tense
Diagram 2--time on a lineDiagram 2--time on a line
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The Present Progressive TenseThe Present Progressive Tense
Sometimes called the
Present Continuous Tense
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The Present Progressive Tense is Used:
• When an activity is in progress now at the moment of speaking
• When an activity began before now and continues into the future without stopping.
• When an activity is temporary.
• When an activity is developing and changing.
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Present Progressive Tense
ExamplesExamples
• I’m explaining something to the class right now.
• He’s taking 16 credits this semester.
• She is understanding English more and more because she moved into the dorm.
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Present Progressive Tense
IndicatorsIndicators
Right now, at thismoment
Still
This year, week,month, etc.
As we speak
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Present Progressive Tense
FormFormI am studying I'm studying
You are studying You're studying
S/he/it is studying S/he/it's studying
We are studying We're studying
They are studying They're studying
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Present Progressive Tense
Diagram--time on a lineDiagram--time on a line
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Future TenseFuture Tense
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The Future Tense is Used:The Future Tense is Used:
• To indicate that an activity or event will take place at a time in the future
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Future
ExamplesExamples
• When I’m retired, I’m going to travel.
• Next week, we will work on punctuation.
• He is going to get his car fixed tomorrow.
• Our plane departs at noon next Friday.
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Future
IndicatorsIndicators
Tomorrow
Next Saturday, week, month, year, etc.
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Future
Form 1Form 1
I will stay I'll stay
You will stay You'll stay
S/he/it will stay S/he/it'll stay
We will stay We'll stay
They will stay They'll stay
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Future
Form 2Form 2
I am going to stay I'm going to stay
You are going to stay You're going to stay
S/he/it is going to stay S/he/it's going to stay
We are going to stay We're going to stay
They are going tostay
They're going to stay
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Future Tense
Form 3Form 3Sometimes the simple present tense or thepresent progressive tense are used to express afuture meaning. Usually these tenses are usedwhen scheduled events are being discussed.I arrive I am arriving
You arrive You are arriving
S/he/it arrives S/he/it is arriving
We arrive We are arriving
They arrive They are arriving
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Future
Diagram--Time on a LineDiagram--Time on a Line
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Other English Verb TensesOther English Verb Tenses
These tenses are combinations of the tenses we have just reviewed
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Past PerfectPast Perfect
• This tense is not used a lot. It can often be used interchangeably with the simple past because these tenses do not differ much in meaning. The past perfect tense refers to activities that happened before a specific time in the past.
• Example, He had visited her many times before she died.
• Form: had + past participle
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Past ProgressivePast Progressive
• This tense is used to refer to activities continuously in progress around a time in the past.
• Example: They were eating when the taxi arrived.
• Form: was or were + verbing
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Past Perfect ProgressivePast Perfect Progressive
• This tense is used when an activity was continuously in progress before a specific time in the past.
• Example: I had been thinking about her before she called.
• Form: had + been + verbing
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Present Perfect ProgressivePresent Perfect Progressive
• This tense is used to describe actions that have been continuously in progress before now. These actions are not completed.
• Example: I have been waiting here for the last two hours.
• Form: have or has + been + verbing
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Future PerfectFuture Perfect
• The future perfect expresses the idea that an activity will occur before some future time.
• Example: She will have finished dinner before the game starts.
• Form: will + have + past participle
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Future Progressive TenseFuture Progressive Tense
• This tense is used to refer to activities that will be continuously in progress around some future time.
• Example: We will be flying over New York at noon tomorrow.
• Form: will + be + verbing
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Future Perfect ProgressiveFuture Perfect Progressive
• This tense is used to refer to activities that will be continuously in progress before a future time.
• Example: He will have been working for 3 hours before you arrive.
• Form: will + have + been + verbing
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Overview of the English Verb Tense/Aspect System
Simple Perfect(HAVE +
verb+en)
Progress-ive(BE + verb+ing)
Perfect
Progress-
ive (HAVE + BEEN + verb+ing)
Present * * *
Past *
Future *
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Acknowledgments
• The charts in this presentation were adapted from the work of Betty Schrampfer Azar. She is the author of Understanding and Using English Grammar and many other useful ESL texts.
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September 2003
The EndThe End