ENGLISH TEACHING METHODS AT PESANTREN IMMIM OF MAKASSARSaidna Zulfiqar Bin TahirUniversitas Iqra Buru, AmbonToCitetheArticle:BinTahir,S.Z.EnglishTeachingMethodsatPesantrenIMMIMofMakassar. Jurnal JUPITER Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. Vol 9 No. 6. 2011, pp. 34-43.Abstrak: Pesantrenmemilikisystemdankarakteristiktersendiriyangtelahmenjadibagian integraldarisebuahlembagasocial.Karakteristik Pesantren IMMIMMakassarterletakpada penekananpenguasaanbahasaasing yaituArabdanInggris,halitu karenaPesantrenini mengembangkantigakurikulumyaituDIKNAS,DEPAG,dankurikulumPesantren.Dalam studiini,penelitimenggunakanpendekatankualitatifuntukmengungkapkangejaladandata kontekstualdimanapenelitisebagaiinstrumentkunci.Pengumpulandatamenggunakan dokumentasi,kuesioner,danwawancara.Hasildaripenelitianinimenunjukkanbahwa metodepengajaranbahasaInggrisdiPesantrenIMMIMsudahcukupbaiknamunperlu melakukanperubahanapproachdalammeningkatkankemampuansiswaberkomunikasi dalam bahasa asing.Kata Kunci: Pengajaran, bahasa Inggris, Pesantren IMMIMINTRODUCTIONPesantren(BoardingSchool)isauniqueeducationalinstitution.Notonly because of its existence is already done long time ago, but also because of the culture, methods, and networks that were applied by the religious institution. Pesantren is the firstIslamiceducationalinstitutionanduniqueindigenousinIndonesia.Thehistory of Islam in Indonesia shown that Pesantren has a major role in building a culture and civilized society, it can not be separated from the culture of Indonesians people, it is notonlyrichwithvariousscientificliteratures,butalsoabletocontributetothe surrounding community. (A'la, Abdul, 2006).Pesantren hasitsownsystems, characteristics, and itbecame anintegral part of social institution.As a social institution,empiricallyand historically, Pesantren is experiencingupanddowninmaintainingtheexistenceandmission.However,an interesting phenomenon to be observed that Pesantren faced many obstacles, but until now,itis stillsurviveeven someofmanypesantrensare able topresent themselves asanalternativemovementmodelsforsolvingsocialproblemsfacingbysociety.(Azyumardi Azra, 1985).Since the seventies, Pesantren popping up like mushrooms in the rainy season inIndonesia,especiallyinMakassar.EachPesantrenhasdistinctivepatternsand characteristics. TherearePesantrens that usetheDepartment ofReligioncurriculum andtherearealsoPesantrenss thatrefertotheMinistry ofEducationcurriculum,in addition,therearealsoPesantrenwhichhadamoderneducationsystemthatcan compete with other quality school, such as Pesantren Modern IMMIM that capable of rivalingotherhighschools,bothinreligiouseducation(MAN)aswellasgeneral education(SMU),particularlyinthemasteryofforeignlanguages(Arabicand English).ThecharacteristicofPesantrenIMMIMistheemphasisonlearningforeign languages (ArabicandEnglish) ofsomeregularlodgeprogram.Thisisbecausethe Pesantrenalsofollowthecurriculumdevelopedatpublicschoolandschoolbased curriculumDIKNASalsoMANthatusethecurriculumofDEPAG.Thus,the PesantrenIMMIMhasvarietiesoflanguagelearningmethodthatcanbeusedasan advantageofpublicschoolsintheareaofforeignlanguagemastery.Theevidencefromseveralstudentsofhighschoollevelthat getstheopportunitytoexchange studenttoAustraliaandAmericaaswellasfrommanyofitsgraduators which continue their studies abroad.Basedontheexplanationabove,therearesomethingthatneedtobe highlighted,i.e.howtomakeEnglishastheeffectivelanguageofcommunication. Therefore,theeffortsareneededtoreconstructortodesign buildoflanguage teachinginoralandwrittencommunicationfunctioninteaching theIslamicschool. Toseemorepatternsandmethodsoflearningforeignlanguages,especially English which is applied at Pesantren IMMIM, the research felt the need and interest to raise these issues in scientific research.METHODThe study was an attempt in the field of science that is consciously directed to knoworlearnnewfacts.Inthisstudy, theresearcher useda qualitativeapproach to revealsymptoms ofaholistic,contextualdatacollectionbyutilizingtheresearcher himselfasthekeyinstrument.Inaddition,qualitativeresearchdoesnotrelyon evidence basedonmathematicallogic.Principlefigures orstatisticalmethodstothe actual character are the conversation, alerts and other social action.This study attempts to provide a picture of the facts in a systemic, factual, and accurate.Thustheresearchreportwillcontaindataexcerptstogiveapresentation. Thedataare derivedfromobservation, interview,picture/photos,anddocuments.In order to facilitate data collection in its processing beside the observation, this research willusethefollowingmethods,theyare;documentation,questionnaire,and interview. Sincethistypeofresearchisqualitative,theresearchparadigmofinductive basingpatternmeansthatthepaceofresearchtofindthetruthrestsfromdata obtainedinthefieldofscientificfindingsintheformofdata(bothprimaryand secondary). Then as it is generalized so that it can be concluded from the result of the study.The validity ofmeasurement, analysis andcompilationof data thathasbeen obtained itispossible therewillbe mistakes that ledto alackofvalidityin such research,so statedinthe formofareport. Therefore,the needfor checking the data with thetechniques: Extended participation,Perseverance observation,and Triangulation.FINDING AND DISCUSSIONPesantren IMMIMand its CurriculumsPesantren IMMIMlocated on Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar and itisthelargestboardingschoolineasternIndonesia withanareaofcampusI,2 hectares and campus II, 4 hectares. Pesantren IMMIM of Makassar Putra beings have avisionofprintgenerationofscholarswhoscholar-intellectualincharacterand intellect-scholars. Pesantren IMMIMhavebeenestablishedsince1975andscored dozens of thousands of graduators who are spread in the area of the archipelago and even overseas. It has been founded by H. Fadli Luran, a businessman from Enrekang whohasgreatcareinbuildinganobleIslamicgeneration,broad-minded,able-bodied;anduniteMuslimsfromallBranches'anddifferential.Itwasnamed Pesantren Modern Al-Quran IMMIM because of basis of Quran-based fostering and implementingtheconceptofamodernIslamiceducationwhichalwaysfollowthe developmentoftechnologyandscienceoverthedevelopmentperiod.Sinceitwas firstestablished,itcontinuedtoprogressrapidlytoreachagoldenperiodinthe decade of the 90s. Thousands of graduators have been graduated, and hundreds have become an important figure in the institution, agency, party, board, and other leading organizationsinSouthSulawesiandevennationallevel. Butafterabandonedbyits founder in 1992, began a change in leadership as well as the activities away from the basic purpose of boarding establishment.Thecurriculum used of PesantrenMMIMincludes 3(three)dimensions;IMTAQ,scienceandtechnology, and skills or alsocalled(Head,Heart,andHand) with the composition of the curriculum as follows:a. In formal education using three curriculums; Pesantren curriculum, DIKNAS curriculum, and DEPAG curriculum.b. Non-formal education emphasized on character building, propaganda, foreign language skills, recitations, memorizing the Holy Quran, computers, arts, and sports.Thestudents(santri)trainedfor6(six)years andrequiredtolivein dormitoryduringeducation,exceptonholidayssotheywereallowedtogo home. They should havebeen ready to befostered during the dorm, with the levelofeducation,namely;juniorsecondaryschool(SMP),highschool (SMU),MadrasahAliyah(MA).Besides,therearealsoregularcourses cottage(sharpeningprogram)onthefield;moralsandTTQ(recitationsand memorizingQuran),Languages(ArabicandEnglish),MAFIKIB (Mathematics,Physics,Chemistry,Biology),SafetyDisciplineandSafetyof Pupils (K3S) extracurricular.PesantrenIMMIMhas1.500studentswhocomefromvariousdistrictsand regencies inMakassar,also fromseveralprovincesineasternIndonesia thathasthe characteranddifferentcultures.Itisalsohasqualifiededucationalpersonnel educations1,s2,ands3,andhasprovidededucationalguidanceandcounseling. Besides, Pesantren also has experts in accordance with the need of school.ItiseasyforPesantrentoshapethestudentscharacterandattitudesintheir lesson.WiththeteacherswhoaresupportedbyeducationalbackgroundS1,S2,S3 arecertainlyalotofmotivationforstudents.ThreecurriculausedinPesantrenwill reallymakeawidervarietyofteachingandlearningmethods.Althoughthereare manybarriersforstudentstoreceivesomanylessons,butitwillaccustomthemto get used to.English Learning at Pesantren IMMIMForeign language learning activities especially in boarding school of IMMIM throughseveralactivitiesthatsupportthem:(1)LearnaForeignLanguage(Arabic andEnglish),(2)StudyofIslamicbooksinArabicandEnglishbooks(3)Speech training(4)WritearticlesinArabicandEnglishoncampusbulletin(5)Language symposium by methods of playing and exercise (6) Discussion (7) Language Training (8) Super Camp, and (9) Drama and performing arts.1. Tutorials learning or additional time in learning.Learning materialsfocusedon the masteryof Arabic and English both oraland written.Thisactivityalsoservesto controltheactivities offoreign-languagedaily. English and Arabic language curriculum that is used in tutorial learning is localcurriculum which is based on the needs of learners.a. Study Islamic books in English.Thestudy was carried integral withthe boardingschool andapplied for high schoolstudentsingrade II or grade V. In thisactivity accustomed methodof reading.Learnersaretrained to read texts inArabic, understandthe style of language or phrases, and try to understand it.b. Speech trainingSpeech Training isa routine activity undertaken by students, who usuallyon Friday night using Arabic and Sunday night using theEnglish. In thisactivity studentswereexercisedtheir speaking ability byusing foreign languages andespecially the courage to train them to perform in front of the audience.c. Symposium language with fun,this isa routine activity in stabilizingthesimplegrammarmaterialsassociated with extracting thelearnersofwordsor phrases commonlyusedineverydaylife. This activity aims to eliminate the impression that the subject was difficult.d. WritearticlesinEnglishandArabiconcampusbulletin.Eachclassor dormitoryhaveawallorabulletinornewsletterbulletin.Thestudentsare trained how to write articles about their daily light or the things that wanted to write in English and Arabic.e. Language training activities carried out incidentally, usually once a year. This activity isanactivity that isvoluntary. The students who intend tofollow thisactivity signup tothespecial committee formed to handle thisactivity. This activityusuallylastsforoneweek,by emphasizing theability totalk andspeak in foreign languages, especially Arabic and English.f. Discussion. Each students isdividedinto several discussion groups consistingof1,2,3-class juniorhighschool, thatis, thedivision is withoutlookingat theclassorlevelfamiliarize them withtheaimof discussing and practicingforeign languages.g. This is called super Camp.Thisactivityisdesignedto isolatethe students tobe in anenvironment that isalways aforeignlanguage.Implementationwas alsounique,becausethestudents wereasked in groupstolivetogetherin atent. In approximately one week, they were trained in a camp to apply foreignlanguage skills (Arabic and English), in particular the ability of a conversation (Conversation), speech, and listening (Listening) foreign language.h. The students entered theracedramaandstageartsshowonFridaywhich coincides holiday night for the students.2. English Language Learning and Teaching Approach at Pesantren IMMIM.EnglishlearningapproachusedinPesantrenIMMIMisacomprehensive learningapproachalsocalledAll-in-OneSystem.Thisapproachconsidersthatthe languageasasystemconsistingoffunctionalelementsthatshowtheunitythatcan not be separated (integral).ThepurposeofEnglishlearningistheschoolseekstomakeEnglishasa meansofcommunication,bothverbalandwritten.Thesequencethatmustbe controlledbyethelearnerincludesfourlanguageskills,namelylistening,speaking, reading, and writing.EnglishlearningatPesantrenIMMIMviewthattheEnglishwiththe following characteristics:a. English ha s two functions, namely as a means of communication between human being and as the language of science.b. English has the same knowledge structure with other languages. To recognize sounds and tools that generate it said delivery phonetic science, torecognizethedifferencemeaningwithphonologicalknowledge,torecognizethe formation of word gave to the science of morphology, to know the syntactic structure of sentences gave to science, and to understand the meaning of delivery semantics.In accordance with the characteristics of scientific English that resembles then spiral,meaningthatinaspeechthathadconceivedtheelementsofphonology(the soundofphonemes),morphology(thewords),syntax(thespeechsentences)and semantics(themeaningofthewordandstructure)thenthestrategyofdeveloping Englishlearningmaterialsbasedonthescopeofitsenvironment,namelyfromthe environmental sphere closest to the students leading to further environmental sphere. Firstthestudentsgetacquaintedwithhimself,hisfamilyandsoontotheschool environment. As related to the theme on English learning materials are intended only to the effectiveness required in establishing communication.Application of Four Language Skills at Pesantren IMMIM.The function of English learning at Pesantren IMMIM is as delf-development tool of the students in the field of communications, science, technology, and cultural arts. Thus, they can grow and develop into an intelligent, skilled and personality, and is ready to take part in national development.The functions are translated in English learning objectives are for the students to develop in terms of: (1) the ability of listening, speaking, reading, and written are good,(2)speakinasimplebuteffectiveinavarietyofcontextstoconvey information, thoughts and feelings, and social relationships in the form of a variety of activities, interactive and fun, (3) interpret the contents of various forms of short type and simple text written in response to derives forms of activities, interactive, and fun, (4)creativeinwritingshortandsimplethoughindifferentformsoftexttoconvey information,expressthoughtsandfeelings,(5)toliveandappreciateworksof literature, and (6) the ability to discuss and critically analyze text.Whiletheexpectedabilitymasteredbythestudentsthroughtheeyesof English teaching proficiency at Pesantren IMMIM includes four aspects, namely:a. Speaking ProficiencyStudentsare able to pronounce the various shadesof meaning ina variety of oral text with a variety of purposes and contexts of communication.b. Reading proficiencyStudents are able to understand the various nuances of meaning are found in a varietyofwrittentextwithavarietyofcommunicationpurposes,text structure, and characteristics of the language.c. Listening ProficiencyStudentsareabletointerpretthevariousshadesofmeaninginavarietyof oral texts with a variety of purposes and contexts of communication.d. Writing ProficiencyStudentsareabletoexpressmeaningin writinginaccordancewiththe purposeofcommunicationwithdiscoursestructureandlanguagefeatures commonly used in the culture of the language used.e. Learning MaterialsEnglish learning materialsatPesantrenIMMIM includesfive componentsof language, which includes:1) Talk,whichcontainsadialoguethatcontainsformofwords,structures, sentences, and new vocabularies.2) Vocabularyincludesthemeaningandusageofwords,phrases,and idioms.3) The structure, containing a word or sentence structure.4) Reading, contains a specific topics related to the structure and vocabulary.5) Writing in a format that contains vocabulary and word structure.EnglishlearningisusedineverydayinsidePesantrenIMMIMconsidered more effective by using the local curriculum. This is based on the local curriculum is accommodatingandadjustingtothedailyneedsoflearners.Inotherword,the materialsselectionstarted fromsomethingclose(mostneeded)withstateofthe learnertowardthethingsthatareabstractandareconsideredremotefromeveryday life.Thushabituationtocommunicateorallyandwrittenasadestinationwillbe moreeasilyachieved.Belowisapicturesequencestopicscoveredintheclassof local curriculum at Pesantren IMMMIM.Implementation of Four English Skills at Pesantren IMMIM.The topics taught and involving four English skills by following steps:Presentingthetopicinasimpledialogue(nottooshortorlong),thisisto createapsychologicallyboredbecausedialogueistoolongtiringenough to memorizeorremember.Fromthedialogueisselectedforutteredwordsrepeatedly andasmaterialforexerciseswriting.Thedialogueisspokenandwillbeconducted by the students in speaking face to face with strict supervision.The dialogue should be spoken out/hard so that in practice face to face that is spaced three or to four meters. This is to train learners of familiarized pronunciations (vowel),whichcouldbeheardclearly.Sothepronunciationcharacteristicswill become more fluent and easy.Expandandaddnewvocabulariesinthesametopicby openingadictionary or by asking teachers, andsometimes also a new vocabularies will be writtenon the bulletinboard inanyplacesandlocationthatshouldbememorizedby thestudents. Thelearners writethevocabularies.Intermofincreasingthewealthoflanguage, learnersarerequiredcreative.Inthesametopic,thetutorgivesasimplereading material for easily and quick understandable to students.Furthermore,teachers/mentorsguidetoformulatesimplesentences,starting from two per-sentence vocabularies to three per-sentences vocabularies in accordance with the theme.CONCLUSIONSEnglish linguistic phenomena have not found many similarities in Indonesian language.ItissaidbyRobertLadolinguisticphenomenonthatisidenticaltothe first language, it will accelerate the learning process, whereas a different phenomenon wouldbeabarrierorobstacle.ThecharacteristicsofEnglishlearningandteaching are natural to face difficulties such a study.Stemsfromthis,it would need tobe described inEnglish asthelanguage of communication,theelementsofsuchastudycoveringfourskills,approaches,and the methods are used.The method of English learning and teaching at Pesantren IMMIM been good effectivebutneedachangeinapproachtowardabetterinimprovingthestudents ability to communicate the foreign language.Thisresearchisabriefdiscussionabouttheapplicationofmethodsof teachingandlearningEnglishproficiency,especiallyinthefourusesinlanguage learning process as a description of the research results. Obviously, this research need tobediscussed,criticized,anddiscussedinordertorefinedandusedaguidefor practitioners of language education in the institutions concerned.BIBLIOGHRAPHYAbbot,Barbarra.1999.TheFormalApproachtoMeaning,Semanticsanditsrecent Developments. Journal of Foreign Languages.A'la, Abdul, 2006. Pembaruan Pesantren (Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pesantren)Allen,HaroldB.Ed.tt.TeachingEnglishasasecond.NewYork:McGraw-HillBook Company.AzyumardiAzra,SuraudiTengahKrisis:PesanterndalamPerspektifMasyarakat,dalam Pergulatan Dunia Pesantern: Membangun dari Bawah (Jakarta: P3M, 1985); Sugiyono, 2008. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D (Bandung : Alfabeta)