English syntax

Дэд проф Ц.Сумъяа

Анrли хэлегуулбэр зуй

(Дурэм, да.сгал, сорихго)

Гурав дахь хэвлэл

Хянан тохиолдуулсан Др.Проф. Чой.Пувсснжов

Улаанбаатар

2004

Chapter Eight Exercises: Exercise

3. Through the use of computers and modems to send data overtelephone lines, efficient communications is possible.

4. "Modulator and demodulator" are what modem stand for.5. Thousands of electronic "bulletin boards" across the country is

actually computers with modems that exchange data.6. Thanks is due to volunteers called SYSOP's, or system

operators,for operating those bulletin boards.

7. A network of users asks questions and checks the bulletin board.

8. Graphics are posted for others to copy for their own use.9. A team of computer operators use modems to transmit

messagesat different speeds.

10. At any speed, tvelve pages take less time to send by modemthan

by even the speediest mail service.

XOpMH rypaanyraap Aacran Exercise Twenty Three

,QapaaXb erVV1l63PVVAI.1Vir H5IrTIlaH yHwaaA, 6yxl.1Vi II anaaarsanpyynas 61.1'-1. 8ryyJ13rAXVVH, eryyJ13xVVHI.1Vi 30X1.14011A ronnoaasxaapax.

A dazed crowd wander about staring at the debris. Alone on theboards of the second floor stand a toilet and sink a tub sits firmly on aconcrete slab with the house in rubble around it. Two pickup trucks infront of the house rocks with their wheels in the air. The next housedon't have a roof but the house after that is untouched.

This sene debris and chaos are a disaster. A tomaedo hasstruck. No one has been killed, but hundreds of people is stunned.Fortunately, there are some relief on the way. How do the Red crosshelp? Within a day, a crew of caseworkers begin to interview thefamilies and porvide assistance. Whatever the victims doesn't haveany longer- clothes, as well as food and medicine- is donated anddistributed.The Red Cross distribute money and vouchers rather than actualgoods because that helps the local economy. Many businessesappears damaged by the disaster, and they needs customers to helpthem rebuild. Politics play no part here; what the Red Cross providesare help and support for all.

75

ChapterEight Exercises: Exercise

H3r A3X copanro Test One

Directions: One or more of the underlined sections in the followingsentences may contain errors grammar, usage, punctuation, spelling, orcapitalization.

Write the letter of each incorrect section, then rewrite the item correctly. Ifthere is no error in an item, write E.

Example According to Charles L. Hogue of the .=:Lo~s~_

A

Angeles county Musuem of Natural Historv. "Knee-highB C

to a grasshopper" is about one-half an inch. No errorD E

Answer B. Los Angeles County C. History, " knee-high

1.Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. Which was laterA B

revized by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Congress. and Jeffersonhimself.

C DNo error

E

2. The word anesthesia coined in 1846 in Boston, was formed from greekA B

word parts meaning "lack of feeling," No errorC D E

3. Aspirin is the most widely used drug in the world. scientists still do notABC D

know why or how it works. No errorE

4, Santa Fe's official name Villa Real de la Santa de Fe San Francisco AsisA B

is one of the longest place names in the world, No errorC D E

5. Our sixteenth president Abraham Lincoln was voted the best U.S.A

President in a 1982 survey of leading historians. political scholars andBCD

authors. No errorE

76


6. Originaly written as a bank commerical. "We've Only Just Begun" becameABC

a popular hit in the 1970's. No errorD E

7.Plays. written by William Shakespeare are performed throughout the worldA B

in such diverse languages as Japanese, Russian, , Italian and Hebrew. NoC D

errorE

8. The twentv first century which will begin with the year 2001 is almost uponABC

us. No errorD E

9. Although Poetry magazine was only a small Chicago periodical itA B

contributed to the early recognition of such great poets as Frost. Pound.Eliot,

CSandburg. and Edgar Lee Masters. No error

D E

10. While some people argue about whether the Loch Ness monster exists&

A Ball. others think there may be more than one. No error

C D E

11. President Truman's full name was Harry S Truman the "S" was not anA B

abreviation for a name and was correctly written without a period. No errorC D E

12. Although Othello is the title role in the play of that name. The vilJian lagoABC

has almost half again as many lines. No errorD E

77


Directions Each of the following sentences has a grammaticalproblem. On your paper write the letter of the corrected sentence.

13. The Baghdad battery is an an articraft that looks like a modernchemical battery found in the ruins of a 2000-year-old village.

A. The Baghdad battery is an articraft that looks like a modernchemical battery found. In the ruins of a 2000-year-old village.B. Found in the ruins of a 2000-year-old village, the Baghdadbattery is an articraft that looks like a modern chemical battery.C. The Baghdad battery is an articraft that looks like a modernchemical battery to find in the ruins of a 2000-year-old village.

14. Asking a price of $200000 in 1980, a tropical rain forest near Sea

Turtle Park in Costa Rica was offered for sale.A. A tropical rain forest near Sea Turtle Park in Costa Rica wasoffered for sale, asking a price of $ 200 000 in 1980.B. Asking a price of $200 000, a tropical rain forest near SeaTurtle Park in Costa was offered for sale in 1980.C. Asking a price of $ 200 000, in 1980 a government agencyoffered a topical rain forest near Sea Turtle Park in Costa Rica

for sale.

15. Appearing in 1894, Joseph Pulitzer published the first full-colurcomic strip in his New York newspaper.

A.Appearing in 1894 in his New Your newspaper, JosephPulitzer published the first full-colour comic strip.B. Joseph Pulitzer published the first full-colour comic strip in

his . New York newspaper appearing in 1894.C. Appearing in 1894, the first full-colour comic strip waspublished by Joseph Pulitzer in his New York newspaper.

16. To put astronauts on the moon, many hours of scientific studyand vast amounts of money were expended.

A. Putting astronauts on the moon, many hours of scientificstudy and vast amounts of money were expended.B. To put astronauts on the moon, NASA expended many hoursof scientific study and vast amounts of money.C. To put asronauts on the moon, vast amounts of money andmany hours of scientific study had to be expended.

78


17. One can see the backward-growing hair that gives a Rhodesianridgeback its name along its spine.

A. The backward growing hair that gives a Rhodesianridgeback

its name can be seen along its spine.B. Along its spine, the backward-growing hair that gives aRhodesian ridgeback its name one can see.C. The backward-growing hair that one can see gives ARhodesian ridgeback its name along its spine.

18. Alarmed by the mild tremors, supplies were hoarded and survivalkits were bought.

A. Supplies, alarmed by mild tremors, were hoarded and survivalkits were bought.B. Being alarmed by the mild tremors, supplies were hoarded

and survival kits were bought.C. Alarmed by the mild tremors, people hoarded supplies andbought survival kits.

CopMIlro Test 2

Directions One or more underlined sections in the following sentencesmay contain errors of grammar, usage, punctution, spelling orcapitalization. Write the letter of each incorrect section; then rewritethe item correctly. If there is no error in an item, write E.

Example The first money to carry the motto" In God WeA

B .Trust"~ bank notes which apeared in 1864. No

C Derror

EAnswer C -was D appeared

1.Warner Brothers studios must have wanted to have set a record when itA B

asked John Barrymore to bestow 191 kisses on a number of beautifulC

senoritas in the film Don Juan. No errorD E

79


2. Before his death in 1941, Robert Baden-Powell, who founded the BoyA

Scouts, is also a British intelligence officer. No errorBCD E

3. Many of the workers building the St. Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland inABC

1882 were injured. No errorD E

4. The lute. with its descendents the sitar, violin, fiddle, guitar, andukulele,

Aare more widely used than any other stringed instrument in the world. NoBCDerror

E

5.Nether a large handful of potato chips D.Q[ a large bowl of pretzel haveas

A Bmuch salt as one serving of canned soup. No error

D E

C

6. If Vincent van Gogh would have been able to sell his paintings for whatA

they bringtoday.he wouldhavedieda billionaire several timesover insteadBCD

of a pauper. No errorE

7. The sphinx, a beautiful and mysterious statue, se~ not far from where

A Bthe Great Pyramid of Giza raises into the sky. No error

C D E8. Though they could have fled before the storm began, Lee Trevino, Jerry

A BHeard, and Bobby Nickols were all struck by lightning at the WesternOpen

Gold Tournament in 1975. No errorE

80

C D


9. For camouflage a bug called Fulgora lucifera has a false head thatlaysABC

on the ground and resembles the head of a South American alligator. NoD

errorE

10. Truth or Consequences were first seen in 1956, making it one of theABC

oldest game shows on television. No errorD E

11. Native Americans had been living in what i§. now the United Statesfor

ABCthousands of years before Christopher Columbus "discoered" it. No error

D E12. Although virtually every man and woman in America are familiar with

A Bthe ice-making properties of the freezer, few is aware that this mashinewas

Cinvented by a doctor to provide ice for fever-racked patients. No error

D E13. The rattlesnake and the copperhead is famous for being poisonous.but

A Bthe cobra is the most dangerous venomous snake. No error

C D E14. In the television series,''The Many loves of Dobie Gillis," a whole castof

AFuturestars, includingWarrenBeattyand Tuesday Weld,were representative

B Cof average American teenagers. No error

D E15. Anyone who saw the film Dr,X, has seen Humprey Bogart in a horrer

ABC Dmovie. No error

E16.Marlon Brando was bom in Omaha Nebraska,but he don't sound like a

. A B --CMidwesterner in The Godfather. No error

D E

81


17.CaseyJones is oneof thefew American folk heroswhowas realand notABC

simply created by a songwriter or storyteller. No errorD E

18. There § absolutely no "man-eating" plants in the world, although some

ABCplants do trap insects.No error

D E19.Locusts. whichcomeout of thegroundonceeveryseventeen years, is aABC D

serious problem in some areas of the Midwest. No errorE

20.The American colonists declared there independance from GreatBritain

A Bonly after they had tried every other means to gain justice.No error

C D E21. Giant hailstones weighing more than a pound each begun to killcattle

A Bas they failed on the Russian village of Kostov in July 1923: twenty-three

C Dpeople were killed trying to save the animal. No error

E22.DonQuixotemounted his horsewhilehis guire, SanchaPanza, holdsthe

ABC Danimal steady.No error

E23. of one hundred crossword puzzle creators who contributed to twoNew York puzzle magazines in1970. one-fourth~in prison. No errorBCD E

24. Neither the members of the city council nor the chairperson~ABC

available for questions from the press. No error'D E

82

B. water treatmentD. in which water treatment

B. whose appearanceD. when they appear

Chapter Eight Exercises: Test

copanro A

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CopMnroA-1

Task: Completing structure problems involving incompleteindependent clauses.Directions: Choose one out of A,B,C,and D to complete the sentence.

1. In the United States, is generally the responsibility ofmunicipal

govemments.A. for water treatmentC. where water treatment

2. Crop rotation of preserving soil fertility.A. it is one method B. one methodC. a method is one D. is one method

3. the dollar as its monetary unit-in 1878.A. Canada adopted B. Adopted by CanadaC. It was adopted by Canada D. The Canadian adoption of

4. almost impossible to capture the beauty of the auroraborealis

in photographs.A. Being B. It isC. There is D. Is

;5. Usually political cartoons on the editorial page of anewspaper.

A. appearC by appearing

83


6. two major art museums, the Fogg and the Sadler.A. Harvard University has B. At Harvard UniversityC Harvard University, with its D. There at Harvard

University

7. American actress and direstor Margaret Webster for herproduction

of Shakespearan plays.A. who became famous B famous as she becameC becoming famous D became famous

8. gas tanks connected to welding equipment, one of full ofoxigen and the other full of acetylene.

A. It is two B. Of the twoC. There are two D. Two

B. Philip Glass, whoD. Because Philip Glass

--,-,,..--_ is more interested in rhymtn than in melody is appearantcompositions.

That Philip GlassPhilip Glass

9.from his

A.C.

10. Compressed air the power to drive pneumatic tools.A. by providing B. providesC. that provides D. the 'provision of

11. by cosmic rays.A. The Earth is constantly bombardedB. Bombarded constantly, the EarthC. Bombarding the Earth constantlyD. The Earth's constant bombardment

12 primary colors are red, blue,and yellow.A. There are three B. The threeC. Three of them D. That the three

B. Jane ByrneD. When Jane Byrne

13. =- who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicagoin 1979.

A. It was Jane ByrneC. That Jane Byrne

14. Every computer consists of a number of systems -'-__together.

A...by working B. workC. they work D. that work

84

B. it is difficultD. is difficult

B. the growth of the Calfornia

B. railroads, which are stillD. railroads still being


15. On the Moon, air because the Moon's gravitational fieldis too weak to retain an atmosphere.

A. there is no B. where noC. no D. is no

16. The Glass Mountains of northwestern Oklahoma .withflecks of gypsum, which shine in the sunlight.

A. they are covered B. covered themC. that are covered D. are covered

17. In some cases, to decide if an organism is a plant oran animal.

A. difficult ifC. the difficulty

18. The first American novelist to have a major impact on worldliterature _

A. who was James Fenimore CooperB. James Fenimore Cooper wasC. it was James Fenimore CooperD. was James Fenimore Cooper

19. important railroad tunnel in the United States was cutthrough the Hoosac Mountains in Massachusetts.

A. At first B. It was the firstC. The first D. As he first of

20. ·Generally, in the valleys and foothills of the Pacific Coastranges

A. the Calfornia poppy grownpoppy

C. the Calfornia poppy grows D. growing the Calforniapoppy21. When bats are at rest, hang upside-down.

A. they B.and C. to D.as22. that the capital of South Carolina was moved fromCharleston to

Columbia.A. in 1790 was B. There was in 1790C. in 1790 D. It was in 1790

23. Although not as important as they once were, __ a major formof transprotation in North America.

A. there are still railroadsC. railroads are still

85


B.ForabouttwentyofD. There are about twenty

25.

24. The loop, which is the commercial heart of Chicago, _within a rectrancular loop of electrical train tracks.

A. that is enclosed B. enclosingC. is enclosed D. it is enclosed

_....,.--,....- amino acids that serve as the basic building blocks of allproteins.A. It was about twentyC. About twenty are

CopMnro A-2

Task: Answer structure problems involving incomplete adjectiveclauseDirections: Choose one option out of A,B,C, and Dand encircle thecorrect word or phrase.

B. althoughD. that

1. Most folk songs are ballads have simple words and tellsimple stories.

A. whatC. when

2. After its introduction in 1969, the best float process theworld's principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass.

A. by which it became B. it becameC. became D. which became

3. In 1850, Yale university established Sheffield Scientific School,

A. engineers were educated thereB. where engineers were educatedC. in which were engineers educatedD. where were engineers educated

4. Many of Louse Nevelson's sculptures consisted of a number oflarge wooden structures in complex patterns.

A. which she arranged B. she arranged themC. which arranged D. arranged them

5. In addition to being a naturalist. Stewart E. White was a writer__ the struggle for survival on the American Frontier.

A. whose novels describe B. he-describes in his novelsC. his novels describe D. who, describing in his novels

86

B. which resembleD. they resemble


6. Diamonds are often found in rock formations called pipes, __the throats of extinct volcanoes.

A. in which they resembleC. there is a resemblance to

7. William Samuel Johnson, helped write the Constitution,became the first president of Columbia College in1787.

A. whom he had B. and he hadC. who had D. had

8. Seals appear clumsy on the land, are able to shortdistances faster

than most people can run.A. but they B. which theyC. they D. which

9. The instrument panel of a light airplane has at least a dozeninstruments

A. the pilot must watchB. what the pilot must watchC. which the pilot must watch themD. such that the pilot must watch them

10. A keystone species is a species of plants or animals __absence has a major effect on an ecological system.

A. that its B. itsC. whose D. with its

11. The size and shape of a nail depends primarily on the functionin-

----:t:-ended.A. which it is B. for which it isC. which it is for D. for which is

12. In geometry, a tangent is a straight line a curve at onlyone point.

A. it touches B. whose touchingC. its touching D. that touches

13. It was the ragtime pianist Scott Joplin the Maple LeafRag, perhaps the best known of all ragtime tunes.

A. wrote B. the writer ofC. who wrote D. writing

87

-B. actD.. acted

B. the dates of the housesD. houses dating


14. There are 2,000 varieties of snakes,__are harmless tohumans.

A. mostly they B. most of themC. most of which D. which most

15. Smokejumpers are __ descend into remote areas byparachute to fight forest fires.

A. firefighters B. when firefightersC. who, as firefighters D. firefighters who

16. Charlotte Gilman's best known book she urges womento become financially independent.

A. is Women and Economics, in whichB. Women and Economics, in whichC. is Women and Economics, whichD. Women and Economics, which

CopMnroA·3

Task: Structure problems connected with incomplete or missingparticipial phrases.

Directions: Choose the one option out of the A,B,C, and D tocomplete the sentence correctly.

1. Aerodynamics is the study of the forces on an object asit moves through the atmosphere.

A. actingC. are acting

2. for their strong fiber include flax and hemps.A. Plants are grown B. Plants grownC. Plants that grow D. To grow plants

3. ,Jose Limon's dance troupe often toured abroad.A. The U.S. State Department sponsored itB. Sponsored by the U.S.State DepartmentC. The U.S. State Department, which sponsored itD. The sponsorship of the U.S. State Department

4. Elfreth's Alley in Philadelphia is the oldest residential street in theUnited States, with from 1728.

A. houses are datedC. the dating of houses

88


5. In,1821, the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, was laid out in a design

after that of Washington,D.C.A. patternedC. a pattern

B. was patternedD. that patterned

B. a filter is placedD. When a filter placed

B. who knowsD. is known

6. in front of a camera lens changes the color of thelight that reaches the film.

A. Placed a filterC. A filter placed

7. The Masschusetts State House, in 1798, was the mostdistinguished building in the United States at that time.A. completing B. which was completedC. was completed D. to be completed

8. Barbara McClintock for her discovery of the mobility ofgeneric elements.

A. knownC. knowing

9. The solitary scientist by himself has in many intancesbeen replaced by a cooperative scientific team.

A. to make important discoveriesB. important discoveries were madeC. has made important discoveriesD. making important discoveries

10. Geometry is the branch of mathemaics the propertiesof lines,

curves, shapes, and surfaces.A. that concerned with B. it is concerned withC. concerned with D. its concerns are

11. an average of 471 inches of rain a year, MountWaiaeale in Hawai is the wettest spot in the world.

A. It receives B. ReceivingC. To receive D. Received

12. Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown from the resin of pinetrees that lived millions of years ago.

A. substance formed B. to form a substanceC.. substance has formed D. forming a substance

89


CopMnroA-4

Task: Structure problems with appositives.Directions: Choose one option that correctly complete the sentence.Mark the most appropriate one out of A,B,C, and D.

1. The Democratic party is older than the other major Americanpolitical party

A. which the Republican partyB. the Republican partyC. it is the Republican partyD. the Republican party is

2. relations with friends and acquaintances, playa majorrole in the social development of adolecents

A. What are called peer group relations areB. Peer group relations areC. Peer group relations, theD. By peer group relations, we mean

3. Joseph Henry, director of the Smithsonian Institution,was President Lincoln's adviser on scientific matters.

A. the first B. to be the firstC. was the first D. as the first

4. The Wasstch Range, extends from southeastem Idahointo northem Utah.

A. which is a part of the Rocky Mountains,B. a part of the Rocky Mountains thatC. is a part of the Rocky MountainsD. a part of the Rocky Mountains, it

5. Ruth St.Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspirationfor her choreography.

A. It was the dancer B. The dancerC. That the dancer D. The dancer was

6. The organs of taste are the __ that are mainly located on thetongue.

A. groups of cells,are taste budsB. taste buds. are groups of cellsC. taste buds, these are groups of cells

90


D. taste buds, groups of cells

7. In 1878, Frederick W.TayJor invented a concept called scientificmanagement, of obtaining as much efficiency from

workers and machines as possible.A. it is a method B. a method whichC. a method D. called a method

8. A group of Shakers,__settled around Pleasant Hill, Kentucky,in1805.

A. members of a strict religioussect whichB. whose members of a strict religious sectC. members of a strict religioussect,D. were members of a strict religious sect

9. In physics, "plasma" refers to a gas that has a nearlyequal number of positively and negatively charged particles.

A. the term B. by the termC. is termed D. terming

10. NormanWeiner, mathematicianand logician, had animportant role in the developmentof the computer.

A. who, as a B. was aC. whom a D. a

11. Jeroma Kern's most famous work is Showboat, mostendUring

musical comedies.A. it is one of the finest, B. one of the finest,C. the finest one D. as the finest of the

12. a marshland that covers over 750 square miles in NorthCarolina and Virginia.A. In the Great Dismal Swamp B. The Great Dismal Swamp, whichC. The Great Dismal Swamp, D. The Great Dismal Swamp is

copanro- A-5

Task: Completingstructure problems involving adverb clauses,reduced adverb clauses, and prepositionalexpesssions.Directions: Choose the one option out of A,B,C, and D incircling themost appropriate one

91


1. Small sailboats can easily capsize they are not handledcarefully.

A. but B. which C. if D. so

2. they are tropical birds, parrots can live in temperate oreven cold climates.

A. Despite B. Even though C. Nevertheless D. But

3. added to a liquid, antifreeze flowers the freezingtemperature of that liquid.

A. That B. As is C. It is D. When

4. advertising is so widespread in the United States, it hashad an enormous effect on American life.

A. Why B. The reason C. On account ofD. Since

5. toward shore, its shape is changed by its collision withthe shallow sea bottom.

A. During a wave rolls B. As a waveC. A wave rolls D. A wave's rolling

B. Despite peopleD. The fact that people

____ are increasingly linked over long distances by electroniccommunications, but many of them still prefer face-to-face

encounters.A. Although peopleC. Today people

6.

7. together in one place, they form a community.A. When people who live B. When people livingC. Whenever people live D. Whenever living

people

8. managed by an independent govemor and board ofdirectors, the Bank of Canada is owned by the Canadiangovernment.

A. And yet B. In spite of it C. Although D. It is

9. pieces of rope are of different thickness, the weaver'sknot can be used to join them

A. Two of B. Whattwo C. Two such D. If two

10. , the seeds of the Kentucky coffee plant.are poisonous.A. Until they have been cooked B. Cooking them

92


C. They have been cooked D. Cooked until

B. When a patentD. A patent, whenever it

11. Natural silk is still highly prized similiar artificial fabrics.A. although is available B. despite there are availableC. in spite of the availability of D. even though an availability of

12. Cattle ranches are found almost in Utah.A. whenever B. everywhere C. overall D. somewhere

13. through a prism, a beam of white light breaks into allthe colors of the rainbow.

A. When shines B. It shinesC. It is shone D. When shone

14. most people think of freezing as a relatively modernmethod of food preservation, it is actually one of the oldest.A. Even B. As though C. However D. Although

15. large bodies of water never freeze solid is that the sheetof ice on the surface protects the water below it from the cold air.A. Because B. Why do C. The reason that D. For the reason

16. ---,-__ granted by the Patent Office, it becomes the inventor'sproperty and he or she can keep it, sell it, or licence it to someoneelse.

A. Once a patent isC. A patent, once

17. Owls can hunt in total darkness their remarkably keensense of smell.

A. since B. because of C. the result D. that

18. most bamboo blooms every year, there are somespecies that flower only two or three times a century.

A. Whenever B. That C. While D. However

copunro A·6

Task; Completing structure problems involving in complete nounclauses.Directions: Choose the one option out of A,B,C, and D to complete thesentences with the most appropriate words and clauses..

1. begin their existence as ice crystals over nost of theearth seems likely.

93


A. RaindropsC. What if raindrops

B. If raindropsD. That raindrops

B. how fleas areD. fleas that are

2. Scientists cannot agree on related to other orders ofinsects.

A. that fleas areC. how are fleas

3. It was 1875 joined the staff of the astronomicalobserbatory at Harvard University.

A. that Anna Winlock B. Anna Winlock, whoC. as Anna Winlock D. Anna Winlock then

4. is a narrow stop od woods along a stream in an open.grassland.A, Ecologists use the term "gallery forest"B. What do ecologists call a "gallery forest"C. "Gallary forest" is the term ecologists useD. What ecologists call a "gallary forest"

5. developed so rapidly in Alahama primarily because of itsrich natuarl resources.

A. That heavy industry B. Heavy industryC. Heavy industry that was D. When heavy industry

6. __...,.,- so incredible is that these insects successfully migrate toplaces that they have never even seen.

A. That makes the monarch butterflies' migrationB. The migration of the monarch butterflies isC. What makes the monarch butterflies' migrationD. The migration of the monarch butterflies, which is

7. Art critics do not all agree on what a painting great.A. qualities make B. are the qualities for makingC. qualities to make D. do the qualities that make

8. In order to grow vegetables properly, gardeners must know

A. what the requirements TOr each vegetable areB. that the requirements for each vegetableC. what are each vegetable's requirementsD. that is required by each vegetable

9. When is not known.A. was the wheel invented

94

B. the invention of the wheel


C. inventing the wheel D. the wheel was invented

B. anyone did even attemptD. did even attempt anyone

10. For many years people have wondered existselsewhere in the universe.

A. that life B. life whichC, whether life D. life as it

11. of all modern domestic poultry is the red jungle fowl iswidely believed.

A. The ancestor B. The ancestor isC. How the ancestor D. That the ancestor

12. the right side of a person's brain is dominant, thatperson is left- handed.

A. That B. IfC. Which D. For

copanro A·7

Task; Completing structure problems involving word order.Directions: Choose the one option-A,B,C, or D-that correctlycompletes the sentence, then mark the appropriate blank.

1. Hills known as land islands, or salt domes, are Louisiana'smarshlands.A. extremely interesting features ofB. of extremely interesting featuresC. interesting extremely features ofD. extremely interesting of features

2. of chamber music is the string quartet.A. The famous most from B. The most famous formC. The form most famous D. Most the form famous

3. Not until the seventeenth century to measure thespeed of light.

A. did anyone even attemptC. did anyone attempt even

4. Alfalfa is for livestock.A. a primarily grown cropC. a crop grown primarily

B. grown primarily a cropD. a grown crop primarily

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B. much more efficiently thanD. more efficiently much than

B. were primaary schools freeD. were free primary schools


5. The Franklin stove, which became common in the 1790's, burnedwood __ an open fireeplace.

A. efficiently more than muchC. much more than efficiently

6. Reinforced concrete is concrete that is strengthened by metalbars.--:-__

A. in it that are embedded B. embedded that are in itC. are that it embedded in D. that are embedded in it

7. The type of clothing people wear tells others a lot about _A. who they are B. are they whoC. they are who D. who are they

8 Most southern states had set up primary school systems by thelate eighteenth century, but only in New England and opento all students.

A. primary schools were freeC. free were primary schools

9. Fungi, , do not produce chlorophyll.A. as such mushrooms B. mushrooms as suchC. such as mushrooms D. mushrooms such as

10. Seldom --:---::-_ more than 20 minutes a night.A. sleep giraffes B. do giraffes sleepC. giraffes do sleep D. giraffes sleep

11. of the early years of space exploration was thediscovery of the Van Allen radiation belt in 1958.

A. Perhaps the greatest triumphB. The triumph perhaps greatestC. The greatest perhaps triumphD.The triumph greatest perhaps12. Today major new products without conducting elaboratemarket research.

A. corporations hardly introduce everB. hardly ever corporations introduceC. hardly ever introduce corporationsD. corporations hardly ever introduce

13. Across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state _whose farms produce beans, tomatoes, and garden vegetables.

A. there lies Maryland's Eastern Shore

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B. lies Maryland's Eastern ShoreC. Maryland's Eastern Shore lies thereD. Maryland's Eastern Shore lies

14. Acidophilus bacteria are~__ in an acid medium.A. those that grow best B. those grow best thatC, that those grow best D. grow best those that

15, of great apes; the gibbon is the smallest.A. Four of the types B, The four of typesC, Four types of the D, Of the four types

16, It is difficult through swamps because of tangled rootsand shallow waterways.

A. to navigate even for small boatsB. for even small boats to navigateC. Even small boats for to navigateD. even to navigate for small boats

17. A lodestone is -,,- _A. an occurring naturally magnet B. a magnet naturally occurringC. naturally a magnet occurring D. a naturally occurring magnet

18, So complicated that consumers who use a product areseldom aware of where all its components come from.

A. today trade is international B. today international trade isC. is international trade today D, international trade is today

19. The snow bunting is winter birds in Canada.A. one most of the common B. the most common one ofC. one of the most common D, the one of most common

20, Nashville has the capital of country music,A. as long been known B, been known long asC. long been known as D. long as been known

copanro A- 8

Task: Completing structure problems involving infinitive and gerundphrases,Directions: Choose the one option out of the A,B,C, and D to

complete the sentences with the most appropriate ones,

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B. providesD. that provides

B. passes byD. passed


1. for a career in dance generally begins at an early age.A. People train 2. That people trainC. If training 4. Training

2. A baby's first teeth are generally the lower incisors.A. appearance B.appearC. to appear D. in appearing

3. A climbing helmet protection for a rocket-climbers headfrom falling rocks and other hazards.

A. to provideC. providing

4. Power tools require careful handling injuries.A. by avoiding B. they avoidC. to avoid D. that avoid

5. An electromagnet is created electrical current througha coil of wire

A. by passingC. to be passed

6. at home requires only three types of chemicals, severalpieces of simple equipment, and running water.

A. For the development of film.C. When film is developed

B. To develop filmD. In developing film

B. the costs determinedD. to determine the costs

B. While crossing riversD. By crossing rivers

7. The purpose of cost accounting is involved in producingand selling a good or service

A. as a determination of its costsC. that determines the costs

8. was one of the most difficult tasks pioneers faced ontheir joumeys west.

A. Crossing riversC. Rivers being crossed

9. Energy can be defined as the ability :--:----:__A. do working B. to do workC. doing work D. work to be done

10. The process of _-__ by hand has changed little since thefifteenth century.

A. to bind books B.bindingbooks

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C. books are bound D. bound books11. A crescent wrench has adjustable jaws for a nut, bolt, orpipe.

A. to grip B. they grip C. gripping D. gripped12. Compressed air is air brakes, pneumatic tools, and other

machinery.

A. used to powering B. to use poweringC. used to power D. in use by powering

13. Some people believe that the crystals of certain minerals _curative powers.

A. have B. having C. that have D. to have14. The narrow blades of speed skates allow__ speeds of up to30 miles per hour.

A. for skaters maintainingB. skaters to maintainC. skaters maintainD. maintenance by skaters

15. The first library__ in the Nebraska Territory was built in FortAtkinson in 1870.

A. to be established B. was establishedC. could establish D. to establish

copanro A-9

Task: Completing structure problems involving paralleism.Directions: Choose the one option out of the A,B,C, and D to

complete the sentence with the most appropriate one.

1. Insects provide many beneficial services, such as _breaking down deadwood, and pollinating plants.

A. they condition soils B. to condition soilC. conditioning the soil D. soil conditioned

2. Frozen orange juice must be packed, and stored whenthe fruit is ripe.

A. be frozen B. must be frozenC. frozen D. it must be frozen

3. The Sioux language is spoken not only Sioux but also bythe Crow and Osage tribes.

A. by the B. theC. do the D. and the

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B. ease of handlingD. easy to handle

A. handled easilyC. handling easily

4. In 1900 electrically powered cars were more popular thangaseline· powered cars because they were quiet, opreated smoothly,and ~--,-_

5. Roger Williams was a clergyman, the colony of RhodeIsland, and an outspoken advocate of religious and politicalfreedom.

A. founded B. the founder ofC. was the founder of D. he founded

B. brushes can be usedD. by brush

6. Paint can be applied to a surface with rollers,__ , or sprayguns.

A. brushesC. with brushes

7, The use of labor-saving devices in homes, , and infactories added to the amount of leisure time people had.

A. at office B. used in officesC. offices D. in offices

8. A dulcimer can be played by either striking its strings with ahammer or.,..-,.--,.,.._'

A. to pluck them with the fingersB. fingers are used to pluck themC. they are plucked with the fingersD. plucking them with the fingers

9. Throughout history, trade routes have increased contact betweenpeople, , and greatly affected the growth of civilzation.

A. have resulted in an exchange of ideasB. an exchange of ideas has resultedC. resulted in an exchange of ideasD. resulting in an exchange of ideas

B. using photographyD. use of photographs

10. Walt Disney made many technical advances in the use of sound,color, and in animated films.

A. photographingC. photography

11. Artist Paul Kane traveled throughout Northwest Canada on foot,by canoe, and to sketch Native Canadians going abouttheir ordinary lives.

A. on horseback B. riding a horse

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B. was on horseback D. by a horse

12. Barbara Jordan was the first woman in the South to win anelection to the House of Representatives, asCongresswoman from Texas from 1973 to 1979.

A to serve B. servedC. serving D. has served

13. Photographers' choice of a camera depends on what kind ofpictures they

want to take, how much control they want over exposure, and

they want to spend.A the amount of moneyC. how much money

B. what moneyD. so much money that

14. Atlanta is the commercial, financial, and of Georgia.A center of administration B. administrative centerC. center for administering D. administrating center

15. Even after the Revolutionary War, American importers obtainedmerchandise from Britain because British merchants understoodAmerican tastes, offered attractive prices, and -:-__A easy credit was provided B. because of easy creditC. easy credit D. provided easy credit

CopMnro A ·10

Task: Completing structure problems involving prepositional phrases.Directions: Choose the one option out of of A,B,C, and D, correctlycompleting the sentence.

1. seed of a flowering plant is covered by a dense. protective coat.

AGn each B. Each C. Each of D. That each

2. Dynamite is ordinarily detoned called a blasting cap.A a device is used B. that a deviceC. with a device D. the use of a device

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3. 1900 there were some 300 bicycle factories in theUnited States

and they produced over a million bicycles.A. In B. Because in C. It was in D. That in

4. A thick layer of fat called blubber keeps whales warm even _coldest water.

A. although the B. in the C. the D. of the

5. the United States, the general movementof air massesis from west to east.

A. Across B. To cross C. They cross D.lt's across6. The bark of a tree thickness _

A. with age B. it gets older C. as older D. by age

7. A substance that is harmless to a person who has no allergies cancause mild to serious reactions in a person allergies.

A. has B. which having C. can have D. with

8. In 1868 a number of national unions formed the AmericanFederation of Labor ..,.-

A. Samuel Gompers was its leaderB. under the leadership of Samuel GompersC. which, under Samuel Gompers' leadershipD. Samuel Gompers led it

9. Harmonicas. autoharps, and kazoos folk intruments.A. are examples B. for exampleC, are examples of D. as examples of

10. charming shops and restaurants, Old Town is the mostpicturesque section of Albuquerque.A. With its B. Its C. Because its D. For its

11. such as banking and travel, in which computers are nota convenience but a necessity.

A. Where some industries, B. In some industriesC. Some industries D.There are some industries,

12. One of the oldest large suspension bridges still today isthe

George Washington Bridge between New York City and FortLee, New Jersey

A. uses B. is used C. the use of D in use

cepanro A -11

Task: Completing structure problems involving misplaced modifiers.

102


Directions: Choose the one option out of A,B,C, and D and completethe sentence correctly.

1. Fearing economic hardship, _-:-----:---:-:~:--':-:-:'"-;--A. many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest in the 1820sB. emigration from New England to the Midwest took place in

the 1820sC. it was in the 1820s that many New Englanders emigrated to

the MidwestD. an emigration took place in the 1820s from New England to

the Midwest.2. Rich and distinctive in flavor:::-: _

A. there is in the United States a very important nut crop, thepecan

B. the most important nut crop in the Unites States, the pecanC. farmers in the United States raise pecans, a very important

nut cropD. pecans are the most important nut crop in the United States

3. Orbiting from 2.7 to 5.6 billion miles from the sun ",=",_....,...-....,.

A. the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930B. Pluto was discovered by the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh in

1930C. it was in1930 that the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh

discovered PlutoD. the discovery of Pluto was made by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930

4. A popular instrument --:-_.,....-_A. only a limited role has been available to the accordion in

classical music

B. there is only a limited role for the accordion in popular musicC. classical music provides only a limited role for the accordionD. the accordion has played only a limited role in classical music

5. Unlike most birds,A. the heads an-d-:--nec--:-k-s of vultures lack feathersB. feathers are not found on the heads and necks of vulturesC. vultures do not have feathers on their heads and necksD. there are no feathers on vultures' heads and necks

6. Widely reproduced in magazines and books, ..,...-_----:--:-:_'A. Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness in his

photographsB. the Western wilderness was depicted in the photographs of

Ansel AdamsC. Ansel Adams' photographs depicted the Western wildernessD. it was through his photographs that Ansel Adams depicted

the WesterQ. wilderness

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7. Smaller and flatter than an orange, .-:-:-_---._A. a tangerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readilyB. the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are

raedily separatedC. it's easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sectionsD. to peel a tangerine is easy, and its sections can be readily

separated8. Like the federal government,~--:----:~

A. taxation provides most of the funds for state and localgovernments as well

B. state and local governments obtain most of thier fundsthrough taxation

C. through taxation is how state and local governments obtainmost of their funds

D. funds are provided from taxation for state and localgovernments9. Originally settled by Polyesians around 700 AD, _

A. Hawaii received its first European visitor in 1778, whenCaptain James Cook landed there

B. Hawaii's first European visitor, Captain James Cook, landedthere in 1778

C. in 1778 the first European, Capatain James Cook, visitedHawaii

D. the first European to visit Hawaii was Captain James Cook,landing there in 177810. Unlike most modernist poets, based on ordinary speech.

A. Robert Frost's poems wereB. the works of Robert Frost wereC. Robert Frost wrote poems that wereD. the poetry written by Robert Frost was

11. Named for its founder, in Ithaca, New York.A. in 1.865 Ezra Cornell established Cornell UniversityB. Cornell University was established in 1865 by Ezra CornellC. it was 1865 that Cornell University was established by Ezra

CornellD. Ezra Cornell established Cornell University in 1865

12. While living in New Orleans, the Creole people ofLouisiana.

A. a book of folklore, Bayou Folk, was written by Kate Chapinabout

B. Bayou Folk, a book of folklore, was written by Kate Chapinabout

104


C. the subject of Kate Chapin's book Bayou Folk was thefolklore of

D. Kate Chapin wrote Bayou Folk, a book about the folklore of

copanro 6

,QapaaXb copanrur TyxaH TyxaHH 6yr31.\, AaanraBapblH Aaryy axannaxHb TaHblX3n 3yHH. TyxaHn6an. eryyn63p 3YHH TyxaH M3Afl3r oanrouur6aTaraxblH 33p3r1.\33r33p eryyn63p 6YPMHH WMH3 yr X3nn3rMHr caHHrons 6101'·lr33c caarap HRrTnaH Y33>K, copanrur ryH1.\33X X3P3rT3H.copanrur a>KMnnaCHbI napaa eryyn63p TyC 6ypMHr 6yr31.\. repen,eryyn63p ,Q3X yrMHH A3C Aapaa, eryyn63pMHH rMwYV,QMHH 6aHpnanblHXYBb,Q AaXMH ryuraaa Y33>K 3X x3nHMHx33X3B X3M>K33HMH Aaryy opayynax Hb TaHbl aHrnM x3nHMH M3Afl3rop-yynax yp Ya,QBapT TyC 60nHo.

CopMnro 6·1

Choose the correct answer for the blank. When you choose thecorrect answerpay attention to the use of the verbals.

1. One of the professor's great attributes is 'A. when he gives lecturesB. how in the manner that he lecturesC. the wat to give lecturesB. his ability to lecture

2. To get an education, _-:- _A. one must work hardB. working hard is one of the most requirementsC. requirement is needed to work hardD. working hard is needed

3. John said that he had run in order _A. that he catch the bus B. that he can catch the busC. to catch the bus D. to the bus he could catch

4. "\lVhy was the official meeting called?" "Yes new officers."

105

B. that you will helpD. that you help


A Select B. SelectingC. To select D. For selecting

5. "Where did he go?" " He went to another store.--,- _A to buy slacks B. for buying slacksC. buy slacks D. buying slacks

6. "I'll help you whenever you need me." "Good. I'd like __ metomorrow."

A you helpingC. you to help

7. "The photographer thought he was supposed to arrive after thequests."

" But I meant early."A for his coming B. him comingC. for him to come D. he would come

8. " My baby has an infection.."" Did the doctor find it difficult__?"A. in treating B. treatingC. for treating .. D. to treat

9. "What's made Ruth so upset?" "__ three tickets to the folkmusic concert."

A. Lost B. LosingC. Because of losing D. Since she lost

10. "What will Andrew be doing in the fall?" " mathematicsat a private boys' school."

A. To teach B. TeachingC. will be teaching D. will teach

11. The company manager may enable the men who tend themachines__

a large panorama of possibilties.A to see B. see C. Seeing D.seen

12. When they met, Leonardo and his enemy were fighting >A. killed each other B. killing each otherC. to be killed each other D. to kill each other

13. The president of a company should know -A. to be firm B. the way of firmnessC. to have firmness D. how to be firm

14. "Why were you so late for work today?" " to the officewas very slow this moming because of the traffic."

A Driving B. To driveC. I drove D. That II drove

15. time and labor, cartoonist generally draw the hands oftheir characters with only three fingers and a thumb.

A Saved B. SavesC. To save D. The saving

106


16. Lincoln, Nebraska, is an important manufacturing, insurance, and

A. shipping of grain B. to ship grainC. grain was shipped D. grain-shipping

17. There is no what may happen.A. know B. knowingC. to know D. known

18. "How did you spend the night?" "We had a very hard time__.,-some of the problem."

A. discussing B. to discussC. of discussing D. on discussing

19. With her do this, she will have no difficulty persuadingthem to accept her plan.

A. I help B. my helpingC. me helping D. mine helping

20. "What are you going to do tomorrow?" "We are going __tomorrow."

A. to climb B. climbingC. climbed D. climb

21. She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himselfis to her.

A. see B. have beenC. seeing D. having seen

22. She __ help thinking that she had seen him somewherebefore.

A. can not B. could notC. must not D. might not

23. He has lots of books, that he is still young.A. considering B. consideredC. being considered D. our considering

24. "What would you like for you birthday?" "I'd like the __ worksof Maugham."

A. collected B. collectionB. collecting D. collect

25. The peart is the only gem by a living creature.A. creating B. to createC. is created D. created

26. to steel, chrominum increases the metal's hardness.A. Added B. In additionB. Adding D. Adds

27. Commercial banks make most of their income from interest__.,-on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.

A. earn B. earnedC. to earn D. was earned

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B. GiveD. Bygiving

B. for gettingD. to getting

"Yes, Let's hurry__ a seat near the


28. "What did they think about the plan?" "Everyone was so happyand about it."

A. excite B. excitingC. excited D: excites

29. "How do you like coffee?" "llike coffee _A. that is sweetened B. sweetenedC. being sweetened D. to be sweetened

30. "How did you learn to drive?" " __ strict obedience to mytutor."

A. GivingC. to give

31. After taking his examination, _A. the book was read by himB. the book made him happy to read it.C. he wanted to read the bookD. the reading of the book gave him some pleasure

32. Anesthetics are used insensitivity to pain during surgicaloperations.A. the cause B. to cause 'C. cause of D. causing J

33. Ganga went to the nicest store in the city__ presents for herchildren.

A. for to getC. to get

34. "Are you ready now?"front."

A. so to get B. for gettingC. get D. toget

35. At last we found the exhausted animal lying there, _A. sick B. to be sickC. in sick D. to be sickening

Written Expression

Directions: The four underlined parts of the sentence are markedA,B,C and D.Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed inorder for the sentence to be correct.

36. Twenty to thirty year after a mature forest is cleaned away, a nearlyABC

impenetrate thicket of trees and shrubs develops.D

37. The first natural in world, Bogdo Uul Reserve Park, was established in

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A B C D1772.38. Becauseit doeshavea blood~, thecomeatakestheiroxygen direcUyABC D

from the air.39. Magnificent mountains and coastal scenery 12 British Columbia's chief

ABC Dtourist attrations.

40. Scientists at universities are often more involved in theoritical researchABC

than in practically research.D

41. Nylon, a synthetic done from a combination of water, air and a by-productof coal, was first introduced in 1938.

42.0mithology, the study of birds, is one of the major scientific fields in whichA B

amateur~ a role in accumulating, researching, and publish data.C D

43. Animation is a technigue for creativity the illusion of life in inanimatethings.

ABC D44. On December 7, 1787, Delaware became a first state to ratify theABC DConstitution.

45. Nutritionists believe what diet affects how one feels physically andABC D

emotionally.46. Stars in our universe vary in temperature, color, bright, size and mass.ABC D

47. Ice is less denser than the liquid from which 11 is formed.ABC D

48. The 1983 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Barbara McClintockfor

Aher experiments with maize and her discoveries regardless the nature ofBCDDNA.

49. ill 1866 to 1883, the bison population in North American was reducedA Bfrom an estimated 13 million to a few hundred.

C D50. Most of the damage property attributed ill the San Francisco earthquake

A BQf 1906 resulted from the fire that followed.C D

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copanro 6-2

The test is related with a complex sentence or clauses: a main clauseand a subordinate clause. So, before doing the test you may reviewthe clauses.Choose the correct one out of A,B,C, and 0 to complete the sentencescorrectly.

1. some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.--p:.-Which only brown thrashers B. Since

C. Although D. How2. all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of

social scientists.A. Nearly B. That nearlyC. It is nearly D. When nearly

3. George __ he could improve his test scores, but he did nothave enough time to study.

A. knew to B. knew howC. knew how that D. knew how to

4. The people at the party were worried about Janet Because no onewas aware she had gone.

A. where that B. of whereC. of the place where D. the place

5. progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted byeconomists.

A. Technological B. That technologicalC. Although technological D. Ther is technological

6. "Do you remember where __ my watch?"A. had I put B. had put IC. I had put D. put I

7. I wonder how many years ago__.A. did your father retire B. your father retiredC. has your father retired D. your father has retired

8. "Suie has't written us for such a long time."A. that she happen B. happenedC. to happen D. having happened

9. There are very few areas in the world be grownsuccessfully.

A. where apricots can B. apricots canC. apricots that can D. where can apricots

10. Caves and hollow trees are not the only places ......,.,._-,-_A. where do bats live B. bats live whereC. where bats live D. live where bats

110


B. nations they gainD. that nations gain

" __ you offer good security."B. UnlessD. But for

D. When a

B. It isD. There is

11. "May I have the loan?"A. ButC. Provided

12. ---:----=::--" heat is produced.A. The mixing together of certain chemicalsB. Whenever certian chemicals are mixed togetherC. Certain chemicals mixed togetherD. That certain chemicals are mixed together

13. However much , it will be worth it.A. does the watch cost B. costs the watchC. the watch will cost D. the watch costs

14. Gorillas are quiet animals, they are able'to make abouttwenty different sounds.

A. how B. in spite ofC. because of D. even though

15. that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other starsbegan with condensation of an interstellar gas cloud.

A. Believing B. To believeC. The belief D. It is believed

16. sandstone is broken apart, it is usually the cementingmaterial that fractures.

A. a B. in a C. It is a17. __ is indispensible to plant and animal life.

A. Nitrogen B. It is nitrogenC. That nitrogen D. Although nitrogen

18. As soon as the gate opened, -:--_A. we found that the two men emergedB. the two men had emergedC. here the two men emergedD. the two men emerged

19. The first doll say "mama" was invented in 1830.A. that it could B. could itC. it could D. that could

20. relatively costly, the diesel engine is highly efficient andneeds servicing infrequently.

A. EvenC. Even though

21. We might still catch the train if we -:---:-----:-_A. make hurry B. hasteC. make haste D. hastily

22. Almost all economists agree by trading with oneanother.

A. nations that are gainedC. gaining nations

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26.

32.

23. dog was the first animals to be domesticated isgenerally agreed

upon by authorities in the field.A. Until the B. It was theC. The D. That the

24. kinds of dinosaurs were dying out all through the Age ofReptiles is true.

A. Some B. When someC. Some were D. That some

25. On the side of the hill, there is a which was once thepark.

A.C.

deep hole in the ground B. hole deep in grounddeep hole in the ground D. deep in the ground hole

within the algae began very early is evident.A. Evolution that was B. That evolutionC. There was evolution D. It is estimated that

27. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed fromplants wild.

A. once they grow B. they grow onceC. that once grow D. once grow

28. Seeds usually germinate the temperature is favorable.A. If B. whereas C. as a result D. in consequences

29. The knee is the joint the thigh bone meets the large boneof the lower leg.

A. when B. where C. why D. which30. The costs of distribution and sales make up a large part of theprices that _-:-:--:--

A. are paid for all products B. all products are paid forC. for which all products are paid D. for all products paid

31. Neon is said to be inert __ does not react easily with othersubstances.

A. because of it B. because itC. it is because . D. is because it___"glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes.A. When well fitted B. Well fitted whenC. Well fitted if D. If well fitted when

33. he has created striking stage sittings for the MarthaGraham dance company, artist Isamu Noguchi is more famous for hissculpture.

A. But not B. NeverthelessC. In spite of D. Although

34. A logarithm is~__ in algebra as an exponent.A. known what B. known what it isC. what is known D., what it is known

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35. Although many colonial scholars consider Joanthan Edwardsimportant writer, any more.

A. though few people read his worksB. but few people read his worksC. and his works are not widely readD. his works are not widely read

36. The averagetemperature on Mars,the foothplanetfromthe sun,is aboutABC

eighty degrees than colder on Earth.D

37. One of the longestwars in historywere the HundredYearsWar, foughtABC

between England and France in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.D

38.Any material that l§.attractive by a magnet is by definition magnetic"ABC D

39.What are common known as "Iead"pencils are not lead. but rather aABC

mixture of graphite, clay and wax.D

40. In the last two decades, Bombay and Madras are developed intocenters of

AB C

the Indian film Industrv.D

41. The abilities to work hard, follow directions, and thinkingindepedently are

CA B

some of the criteria for success in the work place.D

42. The average cat sleeps sixteen hours for a day, in short intervalscalled"

cat naps"D

43. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any othersense.

ABC D44. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves thanhigher

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DA B C

humans can.45. To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must exposeitself to g

AB

source of warmth such as direct sunlight.C D

46. In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feethigh.ABC D

47. Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, andreporting

Asignificant financial events.

C D

B

48. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of themainspring.

ABC D49. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety ofinjuries if

A Bparticipants push themselves greatly hard.

C D50. The structure but behavior of many protozoans are amazinglycomplex for

Asingle-celled animals.

Dcopanro 6-3

B C

This test is related with some Confusing Verbs. When you do the testpay attention to the Confusing Verbs. Choose the correct one out ofA,B,C, and B.

1. Before discussing the steps in detail, -,--,-__A. a general principle should be laid downB. I should like to lie down a general principleC. I'd like to lay down a general principleD. a general principle lies

2. The typewriter _---,,,--..,........,A. Was laying on the table, where it had laid all week

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B. was lying on the table, where it had laid all weekC. was lying on the table, where it had been laid all weekD. was lying on tha table where it had been laid allweek

3. "What dis Joe do?" "He asleep all morning.A. lain B. laidC. lay D. lying

4. Up till then, these problems had been for centuries.A. laying dormant B. laying dormantlyC. lying dormant D. lain dormantly

5. During the period of inflation, the value of money drops as

A. prices rise B. prices ariseC. the price is rising D. prices are raised

6. "Prices keep going up". " Yes, but the interest on my savingsaccount is certainly not "

A. risen B. raiseC. on the rise D. on the raise

7. "When did the lecture begin?" "When all the students _the professor began his lecture.

A. seated B. sitB. were seated D. seat

8. My uncle says that:__-:c--_

A. my aunt sat her suitcase in cornerB. he rises at five o'clock every morningC. the river had raised two feet during the nightD. from where he was lying, he could see a small black box

setting on the table.9. It is said that _

A. for six months the factory machinery has laid idleB. I finished laying the bricks, but they did not lay evenlyC. my mother immediately set the kettle on the stoveD. we must have setr three hours waiting for him

10. Most of the begining students cannot understand what ProfessorMajid

A. talks B. says aboutC. says D. discusses about

11. "My watch five o'clock." "It's very late. I must go".A. says B. tellsC. speaks D. talks

12. "What do you need?" "Could you me ten dollar?'A. borrow B. borrowingC. lend D. lending

13. "What do you need?" "My pen is out of in!c, may I ?A. use yourrs pen B. lend yours

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C. borrow yours D. will borrow14. When you go to the library tomorrow, __-.,.-_

A. please go to check the reference room if Mary were thereB. please take this book to MaryC. please bring the note to the librarianD. please bring this book to the librarian in the reference room

15. "Oh, glad to see you, John." "What you to this big city?Be here long?

A. carries B. bringsC. takes D. makes

16. "Why do you like that place?" "I __in that city."

A. bomeC. bear

B. had bomedD. was born -

17. "He has been working very hard recently." "Because the burdenof a big family has been on his shoulder."

A. bear B. borneC. born D. bore

18. "What does the judqe want me to do?" "He wants you to, _A. sayan oath B. tell on oathC. do an oath D. take an oath

19. The visiting delegates were urged to ,_:-:---:-:----:-A. talk at library B. state their open mindsC. make individual expressions D. speak freely

20. He me all about his trip.A. said B. talkedC. talks D. tells

21. 'What haopenedtothe leaderof the mob?"" Hewas_at down."A. hang B. hungC. hanged D. hanging

22. The teacher has the story many times.A. told B. statedC. said D. talked

23. While searching for the wreckage of s unidentified aircraft, theCoast

ABCGuard encountered severe squalls at sea.

o24. Although a number of police officers was guarding the pricelestreasures in A.13

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the museum, the director worried that someone would try tosteal them.

C D25. Since it was so difficult for American Indians to negotiate a peacetreaty or

A Bdeclare war in their native language, they used a universal

understoodC D

form of sign language.26. While verbalisation is the most common form of language inexistance,

AB

humans make use of many others systems and techniques toexpress

CD

their thoughts and feelings.27. The need for a well-rounded education was an idea expousedby the

ABCGreeks in time of Socrates.

D28. Writers and media personnel sell theirsetves best by theimpression given

ABCin their verbal expression.

D29. In the spirit of the naturalist writers, that author's work portraysman'sABC

struggle for surviving.D

30. Stephen Crane's stOry is .§ clinical portral of man as an animaltrapped by

ABCthe fear and hunger.

D31. Their silly, whiny convesation on a child level was meant to createtension

Aand heighten Nancy's fears and anxiety.

C 0

B

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32. For a long time, this officials have been known throughout thecountry as

CA B

politcal bosses and law enforcers.D

33. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of theABC D

mainspring.34. The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible movedfrom their

A Bhomeland in the 1830's, is remembered as the "Trail of Tears."

C D35. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety ofinjuries if

A Bparticipants push themselves greatly hard.

C D36. The structure but behavior of many protozoans are amazinglycomplex

A Bfor single-celled animals.

D37. Alaska's rough climate and terrian divide the state intoregions, A

making highway maintainance difficulty.C D

C

isolatedB

38. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them ofanother

CA B

ships, icebergs, or cliffs in fQggyweather.D

39. Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, themetric

A Bsystem is not generally utilized in the United States.

C D40. Nora hardly never misses an opportunity to.l2ill.v in the tennistournaments.

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A B C D


41. Air pollution, together with littering, are causing many problems inoor ABCD

large, industrial cities today.42. Because of the severe snow storm and the road blocks, the airforce

A Bdropped food and medical supplies close the city.

e D43. Hummingbirds are the only birds capable to fly backward as wellas

ABCforward, up, and down.

D44. The news of the president's treaty negotiations with the foreigngovernment

Awere recieved with mixed emotions by the citizens of both

governments.BCD

45. Angie's bilingual ablitity and previous experience were the qualitiesthat

Awhich helped her get thejob over all the other candidates.BeD

46. Joel giving up smoking has caused him to gain weight andbecome irritableABC

Dwith his acquaintances.

47. They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tellthem.

A B CD48. The test administrator ordered we not to open our books until hetold us to

DA B C

do so.49. Our new neighbors had been living in Arizona since ten yearsbefore

moving to their present house.D

A B C

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50. I would of attended the meeting of the planning committee lastweek, but!

A Bhad to deliver a speech at a convention.

C D

ccpanro 6-4

Structure and Written Expression

Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1. The cyclist he crossed the main street.

A. looked with caution afterB. had looked acutiously beforeC. was looked cautous whenD. looks cautious when

2. Here notebook and report that I promised you last week.A. is the B.are the C. was the D. has been a

3. Neither Jane nor her brother a consent form fortomorrow's field trip.

A. need B. needs C. is needing D. has need4. Cuba is sugar-growing areas in the world.

A. one of the larger B. one of largestC. one of the largest D. largest

5. The skiers would rather through the mountains than go bybus.

A. to travel on train B. traveled by trainC. travel by train D. traveling by the train

6. That magnificent temple was constructed by the Chinese.A. eight-centuries-old B. eight-century's-oldC. old-eight-centuries D. eight-century-old

7. There were two small rooms in the beach house, servedas a

kitchen.A. the smaller of which B. the smallest of whichC. the smaller of them D. smallest of that

8. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and _A. so do their children B. neither did the childrenC. also the childs D. so did their children

9. Last year, Matt earned his brother, who has a betterposition.

A. twice as much as B. twice more thanC. twice as many as D. twice as more as

10. ,he would have been able to pass the exam.

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D. as if

B. where they did putD. where to put

A. If he studied more B. if he were sdudying to a greater degreeC. Sduying more D. Had he studied more

11. Mr.Duncan does not know the lawn mower after they hadfinished using it.

A. where did they putC. where they put

12. The facilities of the older hospital ---,-;-A. is as good or better than the new hospitalB. are as good or better that the new hospitalC. are as good or better than the new hospitalD. are as good as or better than those of the new hospital

13. pandas eat bamboo almost exclusively, they are alsocarnivorous.

A. Not only B. Untill C. As soon as D. Although14. Although __a country illegally is risky, the alien who findswork may believe the risk worthwhile.

A. when entering B. he entersC. entering D.havin g entered

15. The Andean condor glides on air currents and doesn't flap itswings__ it must do so to reach updrafts.

A. becuase B. until C. that

16. __ sighting an approaching car, some drivers tend to speed up.A. When slowing down instead ofB. Instead when slowing down atC. When instead of slowing downD. Instead of slowing down when

17. to England remain strong, the Channel Islanders areexempt from most British taxes.

A. Although their ties B. Although tiedC. Before their ties D. Tied

18. __ , the travlers found that their flight had been canceledbecause of the severe snowstorm.

A. That they arrived at the airportB. As soon as arriving at the airportC. At the airportD. They arrived at the airport

19. When competing in a demolition derby,__ until their ccars aredemolished.A. that drivers continueB. drivers must continueC. drivers continuingD. although drivers must continue

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20. __ governments point with pride to icreasing mechanisation inagriculture, human and animal power still produces a significantportion of the world's food.

A. Since B. Because C. So that D. While

21. , tobacco farmers had not yet felt its effect.A. Though a campaign against smokingB. That there was a campaign against smokingC. Even though there was a campaign against smokingD. There was a campaign against smoking

22. There were few settlements along the North Caroline coast__many problems for seafarers.A. because the offshore barrier posedB. before posing the offshore barrierC. while posing the offshore barrierD. that the offshore barrier had posed

23. since the death of her father.A. The ancestral home of my mother abandonedB. My mother's ancestral home standing abandonedC. My mother's ancestral home has stood abandonedD. My mother's ancestral home which has stood abandoned

24. , the owner and buyer finally agreed on a price for thehouse.

A. They had been bargaining for several weeksB. After bargaining for several weeksC. After several weeks they began bargainingD. As if bargaining for several weeks

25. __ of the tranquilizer, the scientist put a tag on its ear andrecorded details about the animal.

A. While under the effect the deerB. While being under the effect the deerC. While the deer was under the effectD. While the deer under the effect

26. He had been cutting human hairs for two years before he came toABC 0

Darhkan.27. Linseed oil exposed to airs forms a robbery film.

ABC 028. The principal called the teachers' attentions to the fact that, in thecoming

CA B

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year, the school's enrollment would be almost doubled.o


e 038. Leading scientists are often the kinds of person who have enjoyedABe

intellectual challenges all their lives.o

39. Plants of these type grow best in places where there ;s a greatdeal of

A B e 0shade.

40. In spite of their aloofness and independent bearing, thedomisticated cat

A Bhas come to depend upon man for food and protection.

e 041. When Rhodesia declared their independence from England fewthought

A Bthat the new government would last even a month.

e 0

42. There are almost a million people with Spanish surnames in LosAngeles

Aout of a total population of more than seven millions.BeD

43. In the early 1970's total employment in the United States stood atroughly

eA B

eighty three millions.o

44. In the 1930's more than two thousands interview of former slaveswere

A Bconducted by members of the Federal Writers Project.

e 045. Both as a hobbyandasa profession, phdographyhasfascinated people

A Bfor more than hundred years.

e 046. For all their knowledgeand years' observations, astronomershave more

A Bquestions than answers about Halley's or any other comet.

e .~ 0

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47. The tamarind is an attractive tropical tree that may grow as tall asseventy-

A B Cfive foot.

o48. Though the dust illY heavy upon the floor, it was evident that anold house,

A Bits windows carelesly boarded gp, must once have been a

magnificentC 0

mansion.49. The Scots have porridge for breakfast; a wedding breakfast washeld in

ABC 0her father's house.

50. Prime Minister announced the names of those who were to benamed to

oA

the Cabinet.

B C

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English syntax

Education

Transcript of English syntax