Slide 1

English Writing

A notice is written by a group ,an individual ,or body to draw attention of the readers to a certain issue that needs immediate attention or participationNotice

Types of notices

Why Do We Write A Notice ?A notice conveys information in a comprehensive manner. It is written when:There is a happeningAn event A functionA programme

Layout of a Notice

What should a notice contain ?An effective notice should containContent of notice Headline/Title Details of the event Individuals responsible for itShould not exceed 150 words

Some examples of notice

Themes that notice coversA notice covers wide range of themesCultural announcement Academic announcementSports announcementCelebration Commercial activity

Debate writing

10What is a debate?A debate is a formal contest of argumentation in which two opposing teams defend and attack a given proposition. It is a persuasive manner of

speaking with the aim of converting the view of another person, or an audience, to your own point of view. In this speech, the speaker speaks either for or against the issue being discussed.11Format of debate writingAddress to the listenersOpening LinesBodyConclusionClosing noteSTEPS OF DEBATESalutation

Introduction

Stating the stand

Main points

Develop points

Conclusion

13Salutation : Address the jury and the audience properly Introduction : Begin with a quotation, question or interesting statistics Stating the stand : Make your stand very clear from the very beginning.Main points : Highlight the main points very emphaticallyDevelop points : Substantiate them with relevant examples, statistics, etc Conclusion : State your own opinion or view in the concluding lines to emphasise your stand on the issueOpen by addressing the audience with Respected chairperson, members of the jury, and dear friends, or begin with a simple Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.

Begin the first paragraph by making your stand clear, that is, mention the motion tabled before the house is and state whether youre speaking strongly in favour of or firmly against the issue.

Develop 34 good points in support of your stand and negate at least two points of your opponent.

Try to give a strong example with your best point.

Important PointsLanguage structures used should be specific to a debate..

At least one point could be built up by asking a series of questions for more effective presentation. For example, instead of making a statement such as class room teaching methods even today are often mundane and boring, it would be more effective if the point was conveyed thus In todays technology-driven world, may I ask why classroom teaching methods are still so mundane and boring?

Conclude with your strongest point and reiterate your stand once again (use a quotation if possible).

Write in standard English i.e. dont use slang

Know your audience

Use statistics

Acknowledge your opponents points

Use persuasive techniques like rhetorical questions.

When its finished proofread.

Language for Debating Starting your speechGood morning/afternoon etc, ladies and gentlemen.I would like to make (2/3/4) points in favour of/ against the motionStarting a new sectionThe next issue/topic/area Id like to focus on.Indicating addition or similarityAlso.In addition,

Indicating contrastHowever,...On the other hand, Giving an exampleFor exampleA good example of this ConclusionTo sum upTo conclude

Language for Rebuttal or Interjection Disagreeing with the speakerI would like to say that I agree/disagree with what the speaker said aboutAsking questionsI would like to ask the speaker

Sample DebateOn the National Debate Forum, the topic given to the students is Should college students or even Class XII students be given unlimited freedom? Write a speech for or against the topic in about 200250 words.Q :Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Teenage proclaims itself near adulthood. So shouldnt a teenager be allowed to probe the mysteries of the world all on his/her own? The modern environment and educational facilities surely enable that. However, I strongly feel that some kind of guidance is necessary for their young and impressionable minds.

It is true that the modern world offers a variety of opportunities for all age groups in all the fields of knowledge, and everything is accessible at the click of a button. But, with one click on the wrong button, one could get access to harmful knowledge. Therefore, there needs to be some kind of control over the kind of freedom a teenager enjoys.One could argue that arent teenagers capable of deciphering the good from the bad as they are on the threshold of adulthood? I agree with this thought but too much curiosity can lead to added confusion, and even chaos. Some kind of parental guidance should be exercised on teenagers regarding the kind of movies to be watched, the books to be read, friends to have, etc.Some of us may strongly protest as to why cant we be on our own and enjoy life. But the truth is that the world consists of both good and bad things and teenagers are not in a position to differentiate between the grey areas amidst good and bad. So the parents guidance to a certain extent is essential.Therefore, I think that while creative urges and the inquisitiveness of teenagers about the goings-on in the world should not be suppressed with too much parental interference, teenagers, on their part should not insist on complete freedom to make their choices in life. Thank you.

DIARY ENTRYDAY,DATE,TIMEDEAR DIARY,

CONTENT

FORMAT A diary (also called journal) is a record (originally in handwritten format) with discrete entries arranged by date reporting on what has happened over the course of a day or other period. A personal diary may include a person's experiences, and/or thoughts or feelings, including comment on current events outside the writer's direct experience. Someone who keeps a diary is known as a diarist. Diaries undertaken for institutional purposes play a role in many aspects of human civilization, including government records business ledgers and military records. In British English, the word may also denote a preprinted journal format.INTRODUCTION Although a diary may provide information for a memoir, autobiography or biography, it is generally written not with the intention of being published as it stands, but for the author's own use. In recent years, however, there is internal evidence in some diaries (e.g., those of Ned Rorem, Alan Clark, Tony Benn or Simon Gray) that they are written with eventual publication in mind, with the intention of self-vindication (pre- or posthumous) or simply for profit.

By extension the term diary is also used to mean a printed publication of a written diary; and may also refer to other terms of journal including electronic formats (e.g., blogs).

The earliest use of the word to mean a book in which a daily record was written was in Ben Jonson's comedy Volpone in 1605.

The oldest extant diaries come from Middle Eastern and East Asian cultures, although the even earlier work To Myself , today known as the Meditations, written in Greek by the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in the second half of the 2nd century AD, already displays many characteristics of a diary. Pillowbooks of Japanese court ladies and Asian travel journals offer some aspects of this genre of writing, although they rarely consist exclusively of diurnal records.

HISTORY The scholar Li Ao (9th century AD), for example, kept a diary of his journey through southern China. In the medieval Near East, Arabic diaries were written from before the 10th century. The earliest surviving diary of this era which most resembles the modern diary was that of Ibn Banna in the 11th century. His diary is the earliest known to be arranged in order of date (ta'rikh in Arabic), very much like modern diaries.

Many diaries of notable figures have been published and form an important element of autobiographical literature.Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) is the earliest diarist who is well-known today; his diaries, preserved in Magdalene College, Cambridge, were first transcribed and published in 1825. Pepys was amongst the first who took the diary beyond mere business transaction notation, into the realm of the personal. Pepys' contemporary John Evelyn also kept a notable diary, and their works are among the most important primary sources for the English Restoration period, and consist of eyewitness accounts of many great events, such as the Great Plague of London, and the Great Fire of London.

PUBLISHED DIARIES Since the 19th century the publication of diaries by their authors has become commonplace notably amongst politicians seeking justification but also amongst artists and litterateurs of all descriptions. Amongst late 20th century British published political diaries, those of Richard Crossman, Tony Benn and Alan Clark are representative, the latter being more indiscreet in the tradition of the diaries of Chips Channon. In Britain in the field of the arts notable diaries were published by James Lees-Milne, Roy Strong and Peter Hall. One of the most famous modern diaries, widely read and translated, is the posthumously published The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, who wrote it while in hiding during the German occupation of Amsterdam in the 1940s.

Otto Frank edited his daughter's diary and arranged for its publication after the War. Many edits were made before the diary was published in other countries. This was due to the sexually explicit material, which also led to some libraries banning the book. The writing of diaries was also often practiced from the 20th century onwards as a conscious act of self-exploration (of greater or lesser sincerity) examples being the diaries of Carl Jung, Aleister Crowley and Anas Nin. Among important diaries by 20th-century literary figures are those of Franz Kafka, Edmund Wilson and the French writer Paul Lautaud (1872-1956).

As internet access became commonly available, many people adopted it as another medium in which to chronicle their lives with the added dimension of an audience. The first online diary is thought to be Claudio Pinhanez's "Open Diary," published at the MIT Media Lab website from 14 November 1994 until 1996 Other early online diarists include Justin Hall, who began eleven years of personal online diary-writing in 1994 Carolyn Burke, who started publishing "Carolyn's Diary" on 3 January 1995, and Bryon Sutherland, who announced his diary The Semi-Existence of Bryon in a USENET newsgroup on 19 April 1995.

INTERNET DIARIESDiary of a NobodyMrs. Dale's DiaryDiary of a Wimpy Kid FAMOUS DIARY ENTRIES

Thank You

Saumay GuptaHitansh SinghRahul Gandhi

IX-C