English morphology affixiations (ades)
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A. Affixations
Ade Sudirman, S.Pd.
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An affix is abound morpheme which can
only occur if attached to word or a stem.
Affixes may be derivational or inflectional
(Trask 1993).
Introduction
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It is an affix which precedes the root, stem or base to which it is bound, such as English derivational affixes re- and un- . The example of prefixes are as follows:
re, un, dis, pre, post, a, aero, anti, auto, mis, tele.
Rebound, unhappy, disloyal, pretest, post-war, amoral, anticlimax, autobiography, misplace,
telephone.
A.1. Prefix
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An infix is affix which occupies a position in which it interrupts another single morpheme.As English does not have any affixes, it is better to look at Indonesian, Sundanese and Javanese.Exp:Kilau = k-em-ilau;Pasar = p-al-asar;Galak = g-u-alak.
A. 2. Infixes
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A suffix is a bound morpheme which
follows the root in the form containing it.
-er, -ess, -or, -ee, -ese, - ic, - cide.
Keeper, goddess, corruptor, escapee, Chinese, heroic, suicide.
A. 3. Suffix
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A circumfix is an affix which is
realized as a combination of a prefix and a suffix.
Indonesian has a variety of circumfixes, and English does not.
A. 4. Circumfix
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B. Compounds
English Morphology
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A compound is a word formed by
combining two or more words together to make a new meaning (Gatherer, 1986)
A compound can be solid (consisting of one word), hyphenated (a hyphen
between the words) and open (two words stand alone).
Definition
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a. Solid compounds consist of double nouns:Air+plane = airplane;Bed+cloth = bedcloth.
b. Solid compounds consist of an adjective and a noun:Black+list = blacklist.
c. Solid compounds consist of a noun and an adjective:Road+worthy = roadworthy.
B. 1. Solid Compounds
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d. Solid Compounds consist of preposition and a noun:Over+night = overnight.e. Solid Compounds consist of a verb and a preposition:Feed+back = feedback.f. Solid Compounds consist of a noun and a verb:Brain + wash = brainwash.g. Solid Compounds consist of a verb and a noun:Play+mate = playmate.
B. 1. Solid Compounds (cont...)
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h. Solid Compounds consist of an adjective and a verb:High+flow = highflow.i. Solid Compounds consist of an adverb and a verb:In+put = input.j. Solid Compounds consist of an adverb and an adjective:Ever+green = evergreen.
B. 1. Solid Compounds (cont...)
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Hyphenated compounds consist of double nouns:Ball-point.Hyphenated compounds consist of adj and N:Soft-lenses.Hyphenated compounds consist of prep and N:Off-road.Hyphenated compounds consist of V and prep:Check-out.Hyphenated compounds consist of N and V:Man-made.
B.2. Hyphenated Compounds
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Hyphenated compounds consist of adj and V:Short-cut.Hyphenated compounds consist of prep and V:Out-put.Hyphenated compounds consist of N and prep:Knock-out.Hyphenated compounds consist of pronoun and N:He-man.
B.2. Hyphenated Compounds (cont...)
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a. Open compounds consist of double nouns:Credit card.
b. Open compounds consist of adj and V:Deep freeze.
B.3. Open Compounds
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C. Clippings
English Morphology
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Clippings are new words formed by omitting part of a word. The omission is normally at the end of a word or at the beginning.C.1. Clippings with the omission at the end of a word:Photograph = photoC.2. Clippings with the omission at the beginning of a word:Telephone = phone.
Definition
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D. Abbrevations
English Morphology
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An abrevation can be described as a reduced version of a word, phrase or sentence. It falls into blend and acronym.
D.1. BlendA blend is aword composed of other words combined to form a new word.Exp: breakfast + lunch = brunch.D.2. Acronym An acronym is made up of some or all of the initial letters of an organization, institution, political party, etc.Exp: FBI, ILO, B.A.
Definition
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E. Back-formations
English Morphology
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Fromkin et al (1984) state that new words may be formed from already existing words by substracting an affix thought to be part of the old one.
Exp: hawker = hawkPeddler = peddle
Definition
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The endThank you