English in Africa Prof. R. Hickey WS 2010/11 English in...
Transcript of English in Africa Prof. R. Hickey WS 2010/11 English in...
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English in AfricaProf. R. HickeyWS 2010/11
English in Cameroon
Funda Er, Luisa Busemann and Svitlana Sabadash
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Our contentp Introduction to Cameroonp Languages of Cameroonp Cameroonian Culture
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English in AfricaProf. R. HickeyWS 2010/2011
Cameroon
Luisa Busemann(3 Cr.,Kulturwirt)
Modul VI/2
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Agenda
1. Symbolism
2. Geography
3. Vegetation
4. Historical Background
5. Situation Today
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Cameroon
- hope, rain forest
- unity, independence, laterite
soils
- prosperity, sand,
sun - happiness
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Geography
- area: 475,000 km²
- capital: Jaunde (Yaoundé)
- highest mountain: Mount
Cameroon 4,095 m
- climate: equatorial climate zone
tropical zone
- vegetation: 4 zones
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Vegetation
4 major zones
-Swamp land, mangrove forest
- Rain forest
- savannah, trees (Adamawa plateau)
- tall grass
→ banana, cocoa, coffee, cotton,
pineapple, rubber, tea, timber,
tobacco
→ crude oil, minerals
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Historical Background
- British in practice since the end of the 16th ct- German colonial era (1884-1916)- First World War, defeat of Germany→ French, English colony- Independent since 1960
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Situation Today
- Republic of Cameroon or République du Cameroun
- population: <17,000,000- major ethnic groups: Bantu, Semi-Bantu,
Fulani, Sudanese- President: Paul Biya- official languages: English, French
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References
Anchimbe, Eric A. 2006. Cameroon English Authenticity, Ecology and Evolution. Band 45. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang GmbH Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften
Commonwealth Secretariat 2008. Cameroon. http://www.thecommonwealth.org. London: Commonwealth Secretariat
Hickey, Raymond 2003. English Linguistics in Essen.www.uni-essen.de/ELE. Essen: Department of English.
Kouega, Jean-Paul. 2007. A Dictionary of Cameroon English Usage. Vol. 10. Bern: Peter Lang AG European Academic Publishers
Mapsofworld.com 2010. Cameroon Flag. www.mapsofworld.com. San Jose: MapXL Inc.
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Languages of Cameroon
Svitlana Sabadash(Lehramt)
LN-Modul IX
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Contentp Introduction to Cameroonian languagesp Languages of Cameroonp Kamtokp Some linguistics aspects of Kamtokp Language policy
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Introduction to Cameroonian LanguagesFang Language
p Tsa mina mina eh ehp Waka waka eh ehp Tsa mina mina zangalewap Ana wam ah ah
p Zambo eh ehp Zambo eh ehp Tsa mina mina zangalewap Wana wa ah ah
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Introduction to Cameroonian Languages Fang in southern Cameroon
p Tsaminamina means Come.p Waka waka means Do it - as in perform
a task. Waka comes from the Pidgin English and means walk while working.
p Tsaminamina zangalewa means Where do you come from?.
p Wana means It's mine.p Zambo means Wait.
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Languages of Cameroonp Bamilekep Doualop Fangp Fulanip Hausa
p Kamtok Pidgin
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p „Cameroonian Talk“p Pidgin based on Englishp Has English, French and Indigenous lexical
featuresp Simplified morphology (reduced sounds)p WAPE grammar and pronunciation
features
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Linguistic aspects of Kamtokp Vowelsp Kamtok has just a half of all English
vowels soundsp English /m n/ - Kamtok /man/ for ‘man’p English /b :d/ - Kamtok /bet/ for ‘bird’p English /meik/ - Kamtok /mek/ for ‘make’
p English / / - Kamtok /go/ for ‘go’
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Linguistic aspects of Kamtok p Consonantsp Kamtok reduces clusters at initial, and sometimes
final, position through vowel epenthesisp English /sli:p/ - Kamtok /silip/ for ‘sleep’p English /teibl/ - Kamtok /tebul/ for ‘table’
p WAPE grammarp “go” for future tenses and “bin” for past tenses,
like in:p “A go big” – I’ll be bigp “Merin bin lef” – Mary left or Mary had left
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Linguistic aspects of Kamtok p Idiomatic expressionsp Man no run! – ‘Don’t give up or abandon at the
last minute’p Du mi a du yu – ‘Tit for tat’p Woman rapa – ‘A male flirt’
p Proverbsp Bele no get Sonday – ‘The stomach never rests’p Tori bi fain sote tifman laf fo banda - ‘A cheerful
attitude can win over enemies’
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Language policyp Native language for those who live in
urban areasp Official language of the government and
legislativesp Widely used in mediap Means of communication
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Referencesp McArthur, Tom 2002. The Oxford Guide to World
English. Oxford: University Press.p Kortmann, Bernd et al. (eds) 2004. Handbook of
varieties of English. Vol. 1: Phonology, Vol. 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
à Cameroon English: phonologyp Augustin Simo BobdaàCameroon Pidgin English (Kamtok): phonologyp Thaddeus Menang
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English in Africa Prof. R. HickeyWS 2010/2011
Culture of Cameroon
Funda Er (Lehramt)LN - Modul VI
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Culture of Cameroon - Content
- Holidays
- The Arts and Humanities
- Gender Roles and Statuses
- Urbanism and Architecture
- Food
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Holidays
Date English Name
January 1 New Year's Day
February 11 National Youth Day
May 1 Labor Day
May 20 National Day
August 15 Assumption
December 25 Christmas
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The Arts and Humanities
Literature:
-The Fulani: oral literature, including poetry, history, stories, legends, proverbs, magic formulas and riddles
-Since the colonial period, written literature has had a strong history in the southern areas
-Ewondo and Douala: contributed classics to modern African literature
-Major writers: Louis-Marie Pouka, Sanki Maimo, Mongo Beti, Ferdinand Oyono
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The Arts and Humanities
Graphic Arts:- Potterly, textiles and sculptures- Grassfielders (incl. The Bamiléké and
Bamoun): noted for blue and white royaldisplay cloth, sculptures
- Bamoun: known for lost-waxbronze sculptures
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Gender Roles and Statuses
- Women are responsible for feeding their families
- Men have higher social statusà more rights with regard to marriage, divorce, and land tenure and more access to government bureaucracy and the courts
- Women have power within householdsà many women are prominent in higher education and government ministries
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Urbanism and Architecture
Major cities includeà Douala (the shipping and industrial center)à Yaoundé (the capital)à Nkongsamba (the end point of the railroad through
the southern plantations of the colonial period)
-villages and small towns in rural areas: marketplace in a central location à separate areas for women’s products (produce and palm oil) and men’s products (livestock and bush meat)
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Urbanism, Architecture and the Use of Space
- Rain forest and the Grassfields:Poto-poto and mud brick rectangular buildings roofed in palm thatch or corrugated iron common
- Traditional Grassfields architecture: constructed of „bamboo“; square or rectangular buildings with sliding doors were topped by conical thatched roofs
- Traditional architecture in the north: round mud buildings crowned in thatch
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Urbanism and Architecture
The homes of the Musgum, in the Far North Region, are made of earth and grass.
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Urbanism and Architecture
Njem House in Cameroon
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Urbanism and Architecture
Maka house in Cameroon
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Food- National dish is ndoléà consisting of bitter leaves,
nuts and fish or goat meat- Staple foods: cassava, yam,
plantain, potato, maize, beansand millet
- French introduced French breadAnd Italian pasta à are not aswidely consumed because of their prices
- Main source of protein: fish- Cameroonian specialities are brochettes, sangah and
ndolé
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References
- www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Cameroon- www.wikipedia.org- www.Traveldocs.com/cm/culture.htm
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ConclusionCameroon is the West African country who had been occupied by several European countries (Portugal, Denmark, Germany, Britain and France)
Now it is a Republic
It had developed its official languages (Kamtok English and Kamtok French)
and its culture
Cameroon is a great example of how the pidgin English developes around the world.
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Thank you for your attention!