ENGLISH IMMIGRANTSIN

MODERN SPAIN

Herbert S. KleinMadrid March 6, 2010

Graph 2: Major Immigrant Groups (> 50,000) in Spain, Padrón Municipal 2009 (000)

622402

355293

220194

174158

139129128125

1018685

807977

64

535352

757

6256

RumaniaMarruecos

EcuadorUK

ColombiaBolivia

ArgentinaAlemaniaBulgaria

PerúChinaBrasil

PortugalFrancia

DominicansItalia

PoloniaParaguay

UcraniaVenezuela

UruguayCuba

SenegalArgelia

PakistánFuente: INE 12 09

Graph 6: Total Inmigration into the UK, and Outmigration of British Citizens, 1991-2007 (000)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: UK,ONS, http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=15053

Inflow-all countries

Outflow-UK_Citizens

After 2000 Spain second only to Australia as destination of UK emigrants

European Emigration Rates per 1,000 population, 1901-1910

10.8

8.3

7.7

6.1

5.7

5.7

2.3

1.1

0.6

0.5

0.1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Italy

Norway

UK

Sweden

Portugal

Spain

Austria-Hungary

Swizterland

Russia

Germany

France

Source: Chesnais, Demographic Transition, table 6.4

Graph 4: Relative Share of Spanish Immigrants by UK Origin, and Relative Importance of UK Regions in Total UK Population, 2007

21.4%

13.6%

13.2%

9.6%

8.3%

7.8%

7.0%

6.6%

5.9%

3.7%

2.9%

12.8%

11.6%

14.0%

8.7%

8.7%

7.4%

9.6%

9.1%

8.7%

5.0%

4.3%

London

North West

South East

Yorkshire & Humber

Scotland

East Midlands

East

West Midlands

South West

Wales

North East

ENI2007 & UK, Office for National Statistics, Population Trends no. 137 (Autumn, 2009), p. 56

Immigrants in Spain

UK Population

Graph 5: Distribution of household wealth including pension wealth by region, 2006/08 (in 000 £)

494

417

402

371

356

342

340

323

311

301

289

250 300 350 400 450 500 550

South East

East of England

South West

London

Wales

East Midlands

Scotland

West Midlands

North West

North East

Yorkshire & the Humber

Source: Wealth and Assets Survey, Office for National Statistics

Immigrants, ENI2007

Period Arrived in Spain English Non-English

before 1990 20.9 18.11990-1999 19.5 20.9after 2000 59.6 60.9Total 100 100(n) 268,917 4,188,200

Table 2: Period of Arrival of English and Non-English

Table 3: Age of English and Non-English Migrantsby when they Arrived in Spain , ENI2007

Age English Non-English

< 16 9.1 14.6 16 to 24 8.2 28.2 25 to 34 14.4 33.1 35 to 44 12.4 14.6 45 to 59 33.4 7.3 60+ 22.6 2.2

100 100268,918 4,174,149

Graph 9: Ratio of Working Age Population 16 to 44 years of Age Among the Principal 27 EU Immigrants ( > 10,000), PM 2007

74%

72%

71%

67%

63%

61%

54%

44%

38%

38%

38%

35%

35%

28%

20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Rumania

Lithuania

Poland

Bulgaria

Portugal

Italy

France

Ireland

Netherlands

Belgium

Sweden

Denmark

Germany

UK

Graph 10: Distribution of Native and Foreign Born by Age Groupings, Padrón Municipal 2007

10%

30%

39%

21%15%

42%

25%18%

15%

64%

16%

5%5%

20%

35%

50%

65%

0-15 16-44 45-64 65+

English Spaniards Foreigners

Graph 11: Sex Ratio by Age in the UK Population and the English Resident in Spain, 2007

105 105 105 106 105 101 100 98 98 98 98 97 95 93 8878

65 45

107 106 106 105

8879

90

100105

9990 92

103

124

142132

112

96

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0-4 05-09

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85+

Source: PM 2007 & http://w w w .statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=15106

mal

es p

er 1

00 f

emal

es

UK Resident Population English in Spain

Graph 12: Age Pyramid of English in Alicante, PM 2007(n=105,509)

10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10

0-405-0910-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-7980-84

85+

Percentage in each Age Cohort

Males Females

Classic retiree age structure

Table 4: Marital Status of English and Other Major Immigrant Groups INE-ENI2007 (percentages across)

Married & Living with Spouse

Married and not Living with Spouse

Married and not Living with Spouse, but other Couple Present

Single & alone

Single with Partner

Widow & alone

Widow with partner

Separate & alone

Separated with Partner

Divorced & alone

Divorced with partner

UK 62.4% 1.1% 0.3% 11.5% 8.5% 5.0% 0.3% 1.0% 0.3% 5.3% 4.4%Rumanía & Bulgaria 50.1% 5.3% 0.1% 23.1% 14.7% 1.3% 0.1% 1.3% 0.5% 1.6% 1.9%Marruecos 53.0% 10.4% 0.0% 26.9% 2.8% 3.3% 0.0% 1.6% 0.1% 1.8% 0.1%Ecuador 33.9% 6.4% 0.5% 28.0% 21.9% 0.7% 0.1% 2.3% 1.4% 2.7% 2.1%Colombia 34.7% 5.4% 0.7% 30.4% 18.3% 2.3% 0.3% 3.0% 1.4% 2.6% 1.1%Bolivia 25.4% 9.4% 0.0% 35.4% 22.1% 2.5% 0.0% 2.0% 0.5% 1.4% 1.3%Argentina 52.2% 1.7% 0.0% 22.1% 14.0% 3.5% 0.1% 2.1% 1.3% 2.1% 0.9%China 51.6% 9.3% 0.0% 31.4% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%UE 27 without Spain 52.2% 3.0% 0.1% 19.4% 13.4% 3.5% 0.3% 1.6% 0.7% 3.3% 2.4%Total 45.7% 6.3% 0.2% 25.7% 12.0% 2.8% 0.2% 2.1% 0.7% 2.8% 1.5%

Notes: *INE-ENI2007 signifies that this table created from the INE website rather than from the original spss files.

Table 5: Civil States of English Males & Females Over 60Civil Status males females

Soltero/a 6.8% 3.0%Casado/a 82.7% 64.3%Viudo/a 4.7% 19.0%Separado/a 1.2% 0.3%Divorciado/a 4.6% 13.4%Total 100.0% 100.0%

(n) 61,192 43,646

Table 6: Civil States & Living Arrangements of English Men

Civil StatusLive alone or With Friend

Live with Partner Total

MENSingle 1,689 2,448 4,137 Married 2,023 48,600 50,623 Widowed 2,878 - 2,878 Separated 203 525 728 Divorced 1,188 1,639 2,827 Sub Total 7,981 53,212 61,193

13% 77% 100%WOMENSingle 683 645 1,328 Married 1,285 26768 28,053 Widowed 7,166 1116 8,282 Separated - 133 133 Divorced 3,769 2081 5,850 Sub Total 12,903 30,743 43,646

30% 70% 87,292

60 years of age and older

Table 7: Motivation for Coming to Spain for English and Non-English ImmigrantsENI 2007

English Non-English

1. For the ClimateYes 53.6 7.7No 46.4 92.3Total 100 100

2. Because of the Cost of Living in SpainYes 27.8 10.6No 72.2 89.4Total 100 100

3. To RetireYes 24.8 1.4No 75.2 98.6Total 100 100

4. Because Unemployed Yes 1.2 21.4No 98.8 78.6Total 100 100

Type Tenancy English Non-EnglishOwner 20.7 3.2Renter 56.6 63Cesión (sub-lease) 16.8 26.3Other 5.9 7.5Total 100 100

Table 8: Type of Tenancy of First Home, ENI2007

Level English Non-English

Muy bien 27.7 37.3Bien 20.8 33.4Suficiente 22.4 14.2Necesita mejorar 29.1 15.1

TOTAL 100 100

Table 9: Language Competence in Spanish ENI2007

Table 10: Marriage Endogamy Among the English, , Other Major Groups and Total Immigrants INE-ENI 2007

EnglishRumanians-Bulgarians Morrocans Ecuadorians All Immigrants

married to own nationals 76.1% 95.8% 82.1% 82.1% 67.9%married to other nationals not spanish 5.5% 0.4% 1.4% 1.4% 5.6%married to Spaniards 18.4% 3.8% 16.5% 16.5% 26.5%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%Unmarried 36.2% 44.5% 36.6% 59.2% 47.7%

Graph 17: Distribution of South East and Yorkshire Origin Immigrants by Comunidad & Province of Residence, 2007 ( in rank order > 1000

residents or more) ENI 2007

9%

18%

21%

13%

11%

7%

11%

12%

24%

6%

16%

43%

11%

62%

13%

5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65%

Alicante

MálagaIslas Baleares

TenerifeMurcia

BarcelonaAlmería

CádizMadrid

Las Palmas

ValenciaLa Coruña

SevillaGranada

GironaVizcaya

CastellónCórdoba

TOTAL

South East

Yorkshire & Humber

Graph 18: Ratio of the English Population 45 and older in their Principal Settlments in the Comunidades & Provincias of Spain, PM 2007 (> 1,000 in rank order)

72%60%

58%53%

73%69%

45%53%

28%27%

43%12%

54%9%

53%56%

40%70%

21%60%

5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85%

Alicante Málaga

Tenerife BALEARS MURCIA Almería

Palmas (Las) Valencia

Barcelona MADRID

Cádiz GALICIA Granada

Coruña (A) Tarragona

Girona Sevilla

Castellón Pontevedra

TOTAL

Graph 19: Foreigners Paying in to the Social Security System as of December 2007

257340

256697

230572

141358

78243

77396

66052

63399

58309

54920

51724

50580

43510

41737

41074

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000

MARRUECOSECUADORRUMANIA

COLOMBIAPERU

PORTUGALITALIACHINA

REINO UNIDOARGENTINA

BULGARIABOLIVIA

ALEMANIAFRANCIAPOLONIA

http://www.seg-social.es/Internet_1/Estadistica/Est/aaa/11

Level of Education English Non-English

Tiene estudios pero no sabe qué estudios tiene 2.00% 0.90%Sin estudios formales 0.10% 0.30%Educación primaria incompleta 1.50% 1.80%Educación primaria 10.50% 15.40%Primer ciclo de educación secundaria 21.10% 16.90%Segundo ciclo de Educación Secundaria 33.60% 35.60%Primer ciclo de la educación terciaria 22.70% 18.40%Segundo ciclo de la educación terciaria 2.10% 1.80%No tiene o no sabe si tiene estudios 6.50% 8.70%

Total 100.00% 100.00%

Table 11: Level of Education of English and Non-English Immigrants, ENI 2007

Graph 20: Principal Economic Activities of the English, Compared to the Germans, and other Leading Immigrant Groups who work and are resident at least 3 years in Spain, INE/ENI 2007

25%

20%

11% 10% 10%

7%5% 4% 4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Hostelería Educación Comercio ereparación devehículos de

motor

Actividadesinmobiliarias

Transport ycomunicaciones

Construcción Serviciosprestados a lacomunidad y

personales

Industriamanufacturera

Actividadessanitarias yveterinarias

Reino Unido Alemania Rumanía y Bulgaria Marruecos Ecuador