English grammar training manual

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR TRAINING MANUAL

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Table of Contents

Noun ..........................................................................................................................................5

Number .....................................................................................................................................5

Proper noun..............................................................................................................................6

Common Noun .........................................................................................................................6

Collective noun.........................................................................................................................7

Abstract noun...........................................................................................................................7

VERB AND AUXILIARY ............................................................................................ 7

Preposition ................................................................................................................................8

Conjunction ..............................................................................................................................8

Articles ......................................................................................................................................9

SENTENCE STRUCTURE....................................................................................... 10

Structure of a simple sentence ..............................................................................................10

PRESENT TENSE ................................................................................................... 11S – A – V rules.................................................................................................................12Possessive case.................................................................................................................12

Universal Auxiliaries ...........................................................................................................12

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE .......................................................................... 13

When to use ............................................................................................................................13Rules ................................................................................................................................13

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ..................................................................................... 14Rules ................................................................................................................................14

Subject Auxiliary Verb...............................................................................................14Universal Auxiliaries .......................................................................................................14

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.................................................................................. 15Rules ................................................................................................................................15

Subject Auxiliary verb form ......................................................................................15

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Universal Auxiliaries .......................................................................................................15

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE......................................................... 16Rules ................................................................................................................................16

Subject Auxiliary verb form ......................................................................................16Universal Auxiliaries .......................................................................................................16

PAST TENSE........................................................................................................... 17

Subject Auxiliary Verb form .....................................................................................17Universal Auxiliaries .......................................................................................................17

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.................................................................................. 18Rules ................................................................................................................................18

Subject Auxiliary verb form .......................................................................................18Universal Auxiliaries .......................................................................................................18

SIMPLE PAST TENSE ............................................................................................ 19Rule ..................................................................................................................................19Universal Auxiliaries .......................................................................................................19

PAST PERFECT TENSE......................................................................................... 20Rule ..................................................................................................................................20

Subject Auxiliary Verb form .....................................................................................20Universal Auxiliary..........................................................................................................20

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ................................................................ 21Rule ..................................................................................................................................21

Subject Auxiliary verb form ......................................................................................21Universal Auxiliaries .......................................................................................................21

FUTURE TENSE...................................................................................................... 22Rules ................................................................................................................................22


FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE............................................................................. 23

Rules ........................................................................................................................................23

Subject Auxiliary verb form.......................................................................................23Universal Auxiliaries .......................................................................................................23

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FUTURE PERFECT TENSE .................................................................................... 24

Rules ........................................................................................................................................24

Subject Auxiliary Verb form ....................................................................................24Universal Auxiliary..........................................................................................................24

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ........................................................... 25Rules ................................................................................................................................25


EXERCISES FOR GRAMMAR ................................................................................ 25

Grammar

Parts of Speech

Every word in the English language belongs to a particular family or group or category named “Part of Speech”.

There are in all ten parts of speech in the English language. This means that every English word would fall under one of these parts of speech. They are: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, auxiliary, adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Article and Interjection.

Noun

Noun is a word used for person, place or thing. Every noun has number, gender and kind.

Number

There are singular nouns and plural nouns as shown below:

Singular PluralGirl girlsSchool SchoolsPencil PencilsBox BoxesWatch WatchesFish FishesKnife KnivesWife WivesThief ThievesVictory Victories

In order to get the plural, we add the letter ‘S’ to some nouns, letters ‘es’ to some, ‘ves’ to such nouns that end in ‘f’ and ‘ies’ to the nouns that end in ‘y’.

For some nouns, the plural spelling is altogether different like the following:

Man menWoman womenFoot feetOasis oases

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Kiss kissesSome nouns have the same form for singular and also for plural as shown below:sheep, deer, series, corps, swine, species, and means.

Some nouns are used only in the plural even if the noun referred and used is in single quantity as shown below:

Scissors, tongs, pincers, spectacles, drawers, breeches and arrears.

Some are used only in singular form though they sound like plurals in terms of spelling. The following are the examples:

News, innings, ethics, civics, physics, athletics, economics.

We write the plurals for the compound words in a different way as shown below:

Son-in-law sons-in-lawDaughter-in-law daughters-in-lawBrother-in-law brothers-in-lawMan-of-law men-of-warPasser-by passers-byLooker-on lookers-onFootman footmen

Add an apostrophe and the letter ‘s’ to get the plurals of letters, figures and symbols.

Nouns are of four kinds as follows:

Proper noun

The name of a particular person or place is called a proper noun, they are unique and we cannot use that name to any other person or place. Here are the examples:Rajendran, Narayanan, Nirmala, Samuel.

Common Noun

A noun used for any person or place. Here are some examples:Man, Teacher, student, graduate.

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Collective noun

It is a noun used for a group of persons or animals or things taken together and considered as one single unit. Here are the examples:Crowd, mob, herd, family, army.

Abstract noun

It is a noun used for quality or action or state as shown in the following examples:Quality – honesty, wisdom, truth, braveryAction – theft, movement, hatredState – youth, slavery, boyhood, manhood

Verb and Auxiliary

Verb is a word of action. We can see action in a broad sense, when there is a movement of any part of the body of a living being, be it a human or animal or bird or fish. We cannot use a verb in a sentence without supporting it with a word called auxiliary. The auxiliary will usually be to the left of a verb. In some cases we may use more than one auxiliary to help a verb. We call such a group of auxiliaries as auxiliary set. All the auxiliaries that go to form a se will also be out of the same list of 32. Thus, a very and an auxiliary would form an inseparable pair. We can never use an auxiliary or a verb singly at all but always as pairs.

Every verb has three forms, namely, Present, Past and Past Participle forms.

There are only 32 auxiliaries in the English language. The job of an auxiliary is to help a verb. It has no other function. There are two type of auxiliaries: pure auxiliaries, (whose sole job is only to help a verb in any of its 3 forms in a sentence) and auxiliary cum verbs. The pure auxiliaries are also known as universal auxiliaries because we use them for more than one tense and for all persons.Auxiliaries do not have a precise meaning like other English words. Every auxiliary is used for a particular situation. You need to know that before you could select an auxiliary to use in a sentence.Auxiliaries enable us to frame negative answers. There are only two categories of answers, as we saw a little earlier positive and negative. We write or speak a negative sentence by making the auxiliary negative i.e. by putting the adverb NOT after the auxiliary.

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Preposition

Preposition is a word that shows the relationship between any two words in a sentence. The two words may be

A noun/pronoun and a noun/pronounOr

A verb and a noun/pronounOr

An adjective/adverb and a noun/pronoun

Study the following examples:

We saw a dog inside the house. (Relationship between a noun and a noun)Will you come to my house this evening? (Between a verb and a noun)My Father is angry with me. (Between an adverb and a pronoun)I am traveling in a Car. (Between a verb and a noun)My brother is behind me always. (Between an aux, verb and a pronoun)

The words underlined are prepositions and show the true relationship between the word to its left and right. If you remove the preposition, you will not get the correct meaning out of the sentence or you may get several possible meanings. Thus if you want to know the accurate meaning of sentence, you must use the correct preposition.

Simple prepositions are recognizable words. Some of them are: AT, BY FOR, FROM, IN, OF, TO, DOWN, ON, OUT, THROUGH, TILL, WITH, WITHOUT, ABOUT, UNDER, ACROSS, ALONG, AMONG, AROUND, BEFORE, AFTER BEHIND, BETWEEN, BEYOND, INSIDE, OUTSIDE.

Conjunction

Conjunction is a word that joins two or more simple sentences. “And” is the only conjunction, which in addition can connect any two words also, except two verbs.Conjunctions are used in complex sentences. A complex sentence will consist of two simple sentences connected by one conjunction.Conjunctions are also recognizable words. Some of the single word conjuctions are: AND, SINCE, BECAUSE, IF, THAT, UNLESS, BUT, STILL, YET, UNTIL, AS, THOUGH, AFTER, BEFORE.

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Whether a single word or phrases or pairs, the job of a conjunction is to join two simple sentences.

Articles

Article is a word we use to refer to the number of a noun. For a singular noun we use the article A or AN. AN is used for a noun that starts with a vowel or vowel sound. Examples are:An umbrella, an egg, an elephant

For all other single nouns, use A. A and AN are also known as indefinite article because it will refer to any single noun like, a doctor, a book, a pencil, an instructor, an engineer and so on.We also use A and AN before an adjective if that adjective describes a single noun.

Here are some examples:

An intelligent student never has any doubts.A good boy will always obey his parents.Ronald is an excellent football playerNo one could find an immediate solution to the problem.

Use A or AN for every common noun if it appears in the middle of a sentence as shown below:

It was an earthquake.Won’t she be a good dancer for our entertainment programme?

Use A or AN as applicable, in expressing quantity or certain numbers as shown in the examples given below:

A lot of, a dozen, a couple of runs, an occasional cup of coffee, a hundred, a thousand, a million.

Use A or AN before “half” when it follows a whole number like this,One and a half kilo (But, don’t use ‘a’ if only ½ is to be pronounced½ k = half kilo. “half a kilo” is wrong English)

Whereas, with other numbers, “a” must be used as shown below:a third, a quarter, a fifth

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When we want to refer to a particular doctor or a book or an instructor, we use the definite article THE. Study the following sentences:

The doctor examined susan. (‘the’ here refers to a particular doctor, possibly the family doctor)

The class teacher is sick today.

We use THE also to refer to any large numbers or plural nouns. Here are the examples:The boys, the students, the colleges, the people and so on.

The overall meaning of the sentence will make it clear whether the definite article THE refers to a particular noun or any plural nouns.

We saw that for a single number we use A or AN and for a large number, THW

What then about the intermediate numbers, say 2,3..8..10, 11 or so? For such small numbers, we use the articles SOME, ANY, A FEW, A LITTLE, MANY, ALL AND SUCH. Study the following sentences:

Some boys were at the football ground. (A small number of boys, say 7 or 8)Did any students fail in English?A few persons only accepted our invitation.Please give me a little sugar. (Here “ a little sugar” would mean a couple of spoons of sugar)Many students failed in mathematics.All the winners were present at the prize awarding ceremony.There are many bad boys in your school; don’t go near such boys.

If the words in bold describe the noun, we may treat them as adjectives. But if they refer to the number of the noun concerned, then we treat them as articles. In all the examples given above, the words in bold refer to the number of the noun, hence they are articles.

Sentence structure

Structure of a simple sentence

We may divide every simple sentence into two distinct parts – the grammar part and Meaning part. One makes mistakes only in the grammar part and seldom in the meaning part; or, one cannot make any serious mistakes in the meaning part at all. The meaning part has nothing to do with the grammar part. We can take

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the grammar part of one sentence and attach it to the meaning part of another sentence and vice versa. Here are some examples:

Mani could have beaten up/this poor street dog.Grammar part meaning part

Isaac loves/the small children in his colony.

We can swap the meaning part like this,

Mani could have beaten up/ the small children in his colonyIsaac loves/this poor street dog.

The new sentences sound meaningful all right.

The grammar part is different for each tense. And the English language uses in all 18 tenses. Each of these tenses has its own grammar rules. Once you master these grammar rules, you could never make any mistake in composing an English sentence.The grammar rules themselves are very simple indeed and very simple to remember too. The grammar part is divided into three sections – SUBJECT, AUXILIARY and VERB. In short, S-A-V.The meaning part consists of OBJECT AND COMPLEMENT or both in any combination. We will indicate this part henceforth as, O/C.

Thus the formula for a simple sentence will be like this,S – A – V – O/C

Do note that an English sentence must have S-A-V or S-A.V. It need not have O/C at all. But, without O/C you may only get a small meaning out of S-A-V. It is the O/C parts that give the full meaning of a sentence. A simple sentence is one that is self-contained in meaning. In other words, there must be the O/C parts in the sentence.

Present Tense

When to use

We use it to denote the existence of or give information about yourself, another person or thing that we see before our eyes or hear about, in present time.

We use it to convey information about the things and qualities we and the third persons possess in present time

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(This is an important tense because most of what we say about people, things or about ourselves will always be in the present tense)

S – A – V rules

Subject Auxiliary Verb form

I AM AMHe, she, it IS ISWe, You, They ARE ARE

Possessive case

I, WE, YOU, THEY HAVE HAVEHE, SHE, IT HAS HAS

Universal Auxiliaries

All persons am/is/are USED TO am/is/are act as verbsAnd will be to the left of the Auxiliary.

Here are some examples using universal auxiliaries:

1. Many students in our class are used to regular homework.2. All the young residents in my colony are not used to ragging.3. Why are you used to white canvas shoes?4. I am not used to a strict tuition teacher.5. Your friends aren’t used to coffee, are they?

USED TO – Universal auxiliaries have no meaning we use them for particular situations. And they don’t belong to any particular tense either. Here, we use this auxiliary to show a habit, which becomes pat of our routine activities.

Have you noticed that although the words AM, IS, ARE are A.V s’. We have used them in place of verbs, actually as regular verbs? And the verb so used is to the left of the auxiliary? Next, we use these verbs in the Question tag as well instead of an auxiliary? These are the peculiarities of USED TO and exceptional cases as well.

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Present Continuous Tense

When to use

We use this tense to describe an action actually in progress or going on at the time of talking. The person performing the action may be yourself or a second or third person.

Rules

Subject Auxiliary VerbI AM Present ending in-ingHE, SHE, IT IS - do –WE, YOU, THEY ARE - do –


All persons can be Present verb ending in INGMay beCould beWould beShould beMust beShall beWill beNeed beOught to be

Am/is/are going to beAm/is/are/can be/may be/ could be/Would be/should be/ must be/Shall be/will be/ought to be/ USED TO use only GETTING GETTING/BECOMING and BECOMING and

No other verb.


1. Where are your parents living in the city?2. He is giving me tuition daily in the evening time.3. We are learning English there.4. I am learning in Raman institute.

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Examples using universal auxiliaries:

1. Some students may not be coming with us for the picnic.2. We shall be getting used to him shortly, shan’t we?3. Hostel students ought not to be loitering about even during holidays.4. We should be moving out in the next five minutes.5. Won’t you be helping me in my studies?6. Some students could be watching the T.V. programme, couldn’t they?

Simple Present Tense

We use the simple present tense,

1. To talk about the activities we do as a routine – daily, weekly, monthly or at some periodicity.

2. To give an order/command3. To make a suggestion in Question form4. To acknowledge an order/command or a suggestion.

Rules

Subject Auxiliary VerbI, WE, YOU, THEY DO Present formHE, SHE, IT DOES Present form


All persons can Present formMayCouldWouldMustOught toWillShallDareNeed

Can/may/would/should/must/ought to/ use only get, become or beWill/shall GET/BECOME/BE USED TO and no other verbDo/does/can /may/would/should/must/Ought to/ will/ shall KEEP Continuous Verb

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Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense belongs mostly to the past period and partly to the present time period. We use it for four different activities as described below:

a) To indicate a completed activity in the immediate past, say a short while back

b) To talk about an action that began sometime in the past and is continuing at the time of talking into the present time period.

c) To talk about past-completed activity whose time is not known (The action probably finished some years back)

d) To describe a completed activity in the past period when we think more about the effect of the activity at the time of talking (present time) than about the action itself.

Rules

Subject Auxiliary verb form

I, WE, YOU, THEY HAVE P.P formHE, SHE, IT HAS


All persons MAY HAVE P.P. formHas/have/may have got/Become/been USED TO

Use only the P.P form of the verb shown in bold.

Here are some example of verbs and their past participle forms

Present form Past form Past ParticipleLearn learned learntTalk talked talkedRest rested restedWash washed washedPunish punished punishedLock locked lockedImprove improved improvedLand landed landedDry dried dried

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Here some examples of sentences:

1. Where have you worked before?2. They have written one or two essays before.3. We indeed have read this read already4. I have met you already, haven’t I?

Here are some examples with universal auxiliaries:

1. Don’t ever get used to drugs during your college life, ok?2. Have you been used to late night during your school days?3. Jonathan has got used to bad language, hasn’t he?4. We may have contacted malaria during our overnight stay in the forest.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We use the Present perfect continuous tense for three out of the four situations as applicable to the present perfect tense. They are,

a) For an activity that started in some past time period and is continuing into the present till the time of talking.

b) For an activity completed in the immediate past time (same as in the present perfect case) but we want to give importance for the duration of that action than the time of its completion.

c) For an activity already completed but as a statement of explanation of that action at the time of talking.

Thus, this tense is interchangeable with the Present perfect tense.

Rules


I, WE, YOU, THEY HAVE BEEN Present in - INGHE, SHE, IT HAS BEEN


All persons May have been - do –Has/ have keptHas been/ have been getting/Becoming USED TO use the verbs getting/

Becoming only

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1. What have your friends been doing all these days?2. She has been mending all these old clothes of hers.3. Pushpa hasn’t been mending too many clothes.4. Most of the students have been conducting themselves very well.

Here are some example using universal auxiliaries:

1. Hasn’t your younger daughter kept pestering you for more and more sarees?

2. Indeed she has kept worrying me for more sarees3. Many students from the final semester have kept asking for more study

leave.4. Some of us have been getting used to the new canteen contactor’s food

for our lunch. Haven’t we?5. You haven’t been getting used to late nights, have you?

Past Tense

We use the past tense,

a) To denote the existence of or give information about yourself, another person or what we saw before eyes in the past time.

b) To give information about the things/qualities a person (s) possessed in the past time. (Possessive case)

Rules

Subject Auxiliary Verb formI, He, She, It was wasWe, You, They were were

Possessive case

All persons had had


All persons was/were USED TO was/were take the Place of verbs (A Noun must followUSED TO)

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1. I was at my aunt’s house.2. I was not in my new house yesterday morning3. The civil engineers were not keen on a visit to the Zoo.4. We were there for 3 hours.

Here are some example using universal auxiliaries:

1. We were used to this college till last year.2. Wasn’t this child used to this ayah for quite a few months?3. Our children were never used to powder milk during their childhood.4. Some of us weren’t used to harassment inside the class room.

Note: USED TO must be followed always by a Noun (object).

Past continuous Tense

We use the Past continuous tense

a) To talk about an action or activities going on for a certain duration of time in the past and also finished in the past time.

b) To refer to a point of time in that duration. This use will be only in complex sentences.

Since this tense deals with a completed activity, it is interchangeable with simple past. But, if we want to give importance for the duration of the action, we opt for the past continuous tense.

Rules


I, He, She, It was Present form ending in INGWe, You, They were


All Persons did KEEP continuous present verbWas/were getting/ Use only getting/Becoming USED TO becoming and no other verb

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1) Who was talking so loudly inside the auditorium?2) Shobana was talking very loudly.3) Thangaraj was standing in the sun for an hour.4) They were simply wasting time in the basketball court.

Here are some examples using Universal Auxiliaries:

1) You did keep worrying your parents for more and more pocket money during your college life, didn’t you?

2) My friend was getting used to the hostel life very slowly.3) Didn’t you keep writing to your parents during your stay abroad?4) I did keep writing to them every week.

Simple Past Tense

We use simple past tense to talk about the action/ activities that started in the past time and also finished in the past time.If you look back, we gave the same definition for the past continuous tense also.So, this tense is interchangeable with past continuous since both deal with a completed activity. But, when we want to give importance for the duration of the action, we opt for the continuous tense.

Rule


All persons DID present form


All persons couldWouldDid USE TO


1. She did leave college at 4 p.m.2. He did drop out of our college in April last year3. They did pose some difficult questions.4. The smart students did didn’t pose many question.

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Examples with would and could:

1. Why didn’t you attend the net practice yesterday?2. I could hear some noise all night. It was very faint.3. I couldn’t do so yesterday for some reasons.4. My small brother would have his own way always, wouldn’t he?

Sentence with “Did Use”

1. I did use to live there till last year.2. When did you use to live in London?3. Did you use to lend your class notes to Krishnan regularly?4. You used to seek my help for every subject last year, didn’t you?

Past Perfect Tense

We use the past perfect tense

1) For an action that started and finished in the past period. (Thus, this tense is interchangeable with the simple past)

2) If two actions took place in the past, we use the past perfect for the first action and simple past for the second

3) When we refer to an action of the past as a follow up matter.4) In reported speeches, i.e. when we describe what someone had said

sometime in the past. (This use also comes in complex sentence)

Rule


All persons had P.P form

Universal Auxiliary

All persons had become/got/been use only the P.PUSED TO verbs shown in bold.

Here are some examples with HAD:

1. When had Sasikaran obtained his science degree?2. Had Reshmi continued her studies for 2 more years?3. I had met him once before4. You had already abandoned this idea, hadn’t you?

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Here are some examples with Universal auxiliaries:

1. Hadn’t your children got used to your new house?2. My classmates had been used to this location already as a picnic site3. When had you become used to your new motorbike?4. I hadn’t been used to it as yet.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

We use the past perfect continuous tense for the same 4 situations as given for the past perfect tense. When we want to give importance for the duration of the action concerned we choose the continuous tense. Thus. The continuous tense is interchangeable with the past perfect tense.

Rule


All persons Had Been Present in ING


All persons had kept - do –Had been getting/ use only the verbsBecoming USED TO shown in bold.


1. What had our principal been planning about the sports programme?2. He had been planning it on a grand scale.3. The children had been driving the parents crazy actually.4. He hadn’t been distributing these notices to all students

With Universal Auxiliaries:

1. Your wards had kept guessing about their future, hadn’t they?2. They had kept driving you mad surely during holidays.3. Had you been getting used to the rowdy students in this school?4. Some of us hadn’t been becoming used to their hostile attitude.

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Future Tense

We use future tense to talk about an action we propose to do in some future time. The ‘action’ is only in your mind as an intention. This action will take shape only at a later time. Thus, in a future tense sentence, we cannot see any action whatever though it uses auxiliaries and verbs separately.

We make a future tense statement only in present time.

Rules


All persons will, shall Present form


All persons could present formWouldMightWill/shall/might/would/could Use only get/GET/BECOME/BE USED TO become/be as verbs.

I am going to Present formWe, You, They are going to He, she, it is going to

7 Auxiliaries/ Auxiliary sets are used in this tense.


1. I will go by walk to college tomorrow.2. I shall stay at home3. He shall go with you to the play ground4. Raphel shan’t go with you to the play ground

Here are some examples using Universal Auxiliaries:

1. When could you meet me in my house?2. I could meet you any time before your dinner time , sir.3. I could come on time, sir.4. I shall be used to tea very shortly.

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Future Continuous Tense

We use this for an action we propose to do sometime in the future. This definition is the same as for the ‘Future Tense’. Thus, the continuous tense is interchangeable with the future tense. But when we want to give importance for the duration of the intended action we choose the continuous tense in preference to the Future tense.

Rules


All Persons Will be Present form + INGShall be


All Persons could be Present form + INGwould beMight beShall/will/could/would/might KEEP

Will be/shall be/could be/Would be/ might be getting/Becoming USED TO use only the verbs

Getting and Becoming

This tense uses 7 Auxiliary sets.

Be is an Auxiliary here. Do recall that BE is a 3-in-1 word. We have used it as a verb already.


1. She will be seeing you at 3 p.m.2. Shall we be meeting our parents this Saturday?3. We shall be meeting them certainly this Saturday4. I will be changing trains at Delhi, won’t you?

Sentences with Universal auxiliaries:

1. When might you be taking leave for your sister’s wedding?

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2. I could be taking part in it.3. You won’t be becoming used to modern dancing, will you?4. You could be getting used to a new coach, couldn’t you?

Future Perfect Tense

We use the future perfect tense to indicate the completion/termination of an activity by a specified time in the future time period. (What about the action itself? It could be in progress at the time of talking and positively continuing into the future period or the activity could start at some time in the future period but well before the completion time. Thus, this tense could link up all the three time periods.)If the time of termination of the activity is not shown, it will not be a future perfect tense at all but some other.

Rules


All persons will have P.P formShall have

Universal Auxiliary

All persons will/shall have got/ use only the P.PBecome/been USED TO verbs shown in

bold.


1. When will you have obtained your science degree?2. I will have obtained my degree in the year 20053. We shall have reached Frankfurt positively by 6 p.m. local time.4. He will have obtained it by May next year.

Here are some examples with USED TO:

1. How will you have become used to a new country within 2 days?2. Will you have got used to your lady lecturer by next week?3. My baby sometimes will cry continuously for some 10 minutes before I

fetch the milk for her. (A complex sentence)4. When will you invite me for a game of bridge in your house?

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Future Perfect Continuous Tense

We us the future perfect continuous tense to indicate an activity as being in progress over a period of time and will end by a particular time in the future time period.Thus, for the concerned situation we may use either the future perfect or future perfect continuous tense but the latter will give prominence for the duration of the activity.

Rules


All persons will have been Present form + INGShall have been


All persons will/shall have KEPT Present form + INGWill/shall have been getting/ Use only the verbsBecoming USED TO shown in Bold.


1. He will have been living in the official residence for 4 years.2. They will have been fighting their property case for 3 years.3. Will these three sisters have been fighting their property case for 3 years

by next February?4. Peter will have been changing room three times by next year, won’t he?

Here are some examples with universal auxiliaries:

1. We shall have kept visiting him till the end of this college studies.2. You shall have been getting used to this tennis court by end of next

month.3. Will you have been becoming used to your new moped by next week?4. They would/might be used to jogging in this college.

Exercises for Grammar

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition:

1. Isn’t your small child hiding ……………………….. the door?

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2. My deskmate quarreled …………… me ………….. a small point.3. We should be always loyal ……….. our country.4. A circle may not be equivalent ……… a rectangle; it all depends ……the

area.5. May I go out ………. My raincoat since the rain has stopped.

Fill in the Blanks with the suitable simple conjunctions:

1. I came running ………………. I couldn’t catch the last city bus for Tambaram.

2. ……………….. you work hard, you will not succeed in life.3. Take a lamp with you ………….. it is dark outside.4. Some students had already left ……………….. we arrived at the gate.5. I am positive ……………. he said so.

Fill up the blanks with a suitable Article:

1. Copper is…………useful metal.2. He is not…………honorable man3. You are………..fool to say that.4. French is………..easy language.5. Sanskrit is………difficult language.6. He returned after……..hour.7. …………reindeer is a native of Norway.8. Do you see………blue sky?9. Benares is……….holy city.10.John got………best present.

Fill up the blank with a suitable Auxiliary Verb:

1. ………………… I your brother’s friend?2. …………….we good neighbours?3. We ……………no friends in this area. We………….. a lot of friends in

our own colony.4. These street children ……………….. any decent dress at all.5. My friend …………… not all that clever.6. How many night dresses …………….. there in the cupboard?7. Where ………………your shoulder bag?8. Your college ………..very big.9. …………….you any bread for sale now?10. We…………..used to heavy rains in our city during summer months.

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Correct the mistake in the following statements:

1. This girl aren’t in her room now.2. Susan have only two sisters.3. Where is all your classmates?4. They aren’t a good volley ball players5. Women and children is not welcome in this meeting.6. Clever children, not necessarily, has clever parents.7. I am not revise my lessons now8. I am feel like a little frog from this morning9. Mohanrao isn’t a good monitor, are he?10.I am sitting here till the professor’s arrival. Is you satisfied?11.Mohan do not talk to you12.The sun do rise in the east.13.Meena and Mumtaz does love us very much.14.How were the breakfast?15.Johnny and I was good friends.16.Whose bicycle were this?17.The football coach was explain the tactics very well.18.Wasn’t it rain very heavily last night?19.Where did the police caught up with the fleeing thieves?20.You forget his name, didn’t you?21.When did your small brother joined this school?22.All my classmates will never oppose this idea, won’t he?23.Will you go to the toilet straightway?24.They shan’t traveling together on the same train25.I shan’t walking on the sand.

Fill up the blanks with a suitable word:

1. …………..all college students above the age of 17?2. Suresh Koshi……………attending hockey coaching class these days.3. Pratap’s sister……………quite tall, isn’t she?4. …………not the carpenter repariring the chairs now?5. What………you purchasing from this shop?6. Meenakshi and Kalyani…………..fighting for 10 minutes yesterday.7. I……concentrating on something.8. Our guests………………..arrived by 10 p.m. tonight.9. Some of my classmates…………….going for a long car drive next week10.Two and Five…………….make Eight.

English grammar training manual

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Transcript of English grammar training manual