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INTRODUCTION TO CDI

The Career Development Institute was established to achieve the following objectives:

Youmight have a professional degree ,you might be a good student you might be verygood in the subject knowledge but if you lack communication you will not be able to

communicate your knowledge to the other person henceforth losing out on the future

prospects even if you get through it you would not get the desired package.

Recognizing the importance of English Language Fluency is the success of every career,CDI has introduced a range of programs to enhance English communication skills for

Individuals. Whether you wish to start learning English as a beginner or whether you are a

student, Executive, House wife, we have the right learning package for you, based on your

level.

CDI teaches English in a very easy way making it as a part of your daily life. The instituteemphasize in teaching British English because it is the most acceptable language over the

world with the use of correct grammar and neutral accent.

CDI offers programs catering to various levels of learners from the basics to the advanceslevel.

Other career Options - In todays work culture every carrier option would require anindividual to be good in communication as well as in interpersonal skills no matter how

qualified you are in the respected subject of interest.

Various Job Fields- Information Technology, Management, Retail Industry, Mass

Communication, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Fashion design, Allied health, Telecom,

Hospitality, Banking and Commerce, Army, Infrastructure, Sales and Marketing, Aviation,

Finance, Legal, Manufacturing and Engineering, Acting and Sports.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic Name Page NoTopic No

1 The Sentence 3 11

2 Noun 12 18

3 Adjective 19 30

4 Articles 31 35

5 Adverb 36 - 41

6 Case 42 44

7 Clauses 44 49

8 Conjunction 50 51

9 Determiners 52 52

10 Gerunds and Infinitives 53 56

11 Preposition 57

62

12 Pronouns 63 65

13 Direct and Indirect Speech 66 69

14 Pluralisation Guide 70 71

15 Punctuation Guide 72 74

16 Asking Questions 75 80

17 Spelling Guide 81

82

18 Prefixes and Suffixes 83 86

19 Tenses 87 98

20 Verb 99 113

21 Grammar Chants 101 - 102

22 1000 Most Common Phrases 103 111

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CHAPTER 1 - THE SENTENCE

Lets take two Examples

Sentence No 1 Ram is a Good Boy.

Sentence No 2 Boy is good Ram.

Now can you tell which sentence is correct Sentence 1

or Sentence 2?

The answer is Sentence 1 because the group of wordsin Sentence 1 in making sense (you can understand)

So a group of words like this, which makes complete

sense (you can understand), is called a Sentence.

A sentence is a group of words which starts with a

capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question

mark (?) or exclamation mark (!). A sentence contains

or implies a predicate and a subject.

KIND OF SENTENCES- Sentences are of 4 kinds

Assertive or Declarative Sentence Those which

make statements or assertions; as,E.g.: Humpty

Dumpty sat on a wall.

Interrogative Sentences Those which ask questions;as, E.g. Where do you live?

Imperative Sentences A sentence that expresses a

command or an entreaty. E.g. - Be Quite, Stand Up.

Exclamatory Sentence - A sentence that expresses

strong feeling. E.g. how cold the night is!

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

When we make a sentence

- We name some person or thing and- Say something about that person or thing

In other words, we must have a subject to speak about

and we must say orpredicate something about that

subject.

Hence every sentence has 2 parts

SentenceLucknow is a Beautiful city.

SUBJECT PREDICATE

PARTS OF SPEECH

Lets take an example

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Red

Green

Yellow

Blue

PenViolet

Purple

Apple

Mango

Banana

Orange

SpinachGrapes

Guava

January

April

July

September

DecemberMonday

June

Assertive or

Declarative

Sentence - They

make statements

Imperative

Sentences -

Expresses a

command

Interrogative

Sentences -

Ask Questions

Exclamatory

Sentence -

Expresses strong

Feeling

The part which namesa person or thing

Subject

The part which tellssomething about thesubject

Predicate

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Now can you tell which is the odd word in these

groups?

Group 1 Colors - Pen

Group 2- Fruits - Spinach

Group 3 - Months - Monday

By this example we can observe that everything has its

own category and if something comes in between we

come to know about it.

Similarly English Grammar has 8 categories of

speeches which are also called as Parts of Speech. Lets

learn them.

There are 8 parts of Speech -

1. Noun2. Verb3. Pronoun4. Adjective5. Adverb6. Conjunction7. Interjection8. Articles

Sentences contain clauses.

Simple sentences have one clause.

Compound sentences and complex sentences have two

or more clauses.

Sentences can contain subjects and objects.

The subject in a sentence is generally the person orthing carrying out an action. The object in a sentence is

involved in an action but does not carry it out, the

object comes after the verb.

For example:

The boy climbed a tree.

If you want to say more about the subject (the boy) or

the object (the tree), you can add an adjective.

For example:

The young boy climbed a tall tree.

If you want to say more about how he climbed the tree

you can use an adverb.

For example:

The young boy quickly climbed a tall tree.

The sentence becomes more interesting as it gives the

reader or listener more information.

There are more things you can add to enrich your

sentence.

Parts of a sentenceDescription

Adjective Describes things or people.

Adverb Alters the meaning of the verb slightly

Articlea, an - indefinite articles

the - definite articles

Conjunction Joins words or sentences together

InterjectionA short word showing emotion or

feeling

Noun Names things

Preposition Relates one thing to another

Pronounused instead of a noun to avoid

repetition

Proper noun

(subject)

The actual names of people or places

etc.

Verb Action or doing word

For example:

WHAT MAKES A COMPLETE SENTENCE?

If it helps you, think about a sentence as if it were askeleton, the skeleton contains various bones and these

bones are put together to form different parts of the

body. So are sentences formed by words, the words

http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/clausetext.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Simplehttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Compoundhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Complexhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Subjectshttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Objecthttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Objecthttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Subjectshttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Complexhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Compoundhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/sentencetext.htm#Simplehttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/clausetext.htm

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are the bones and they are put together in different

ways to form sentences.

SIMPLE SENTENCES

A simple sentence contains a single subject and

predicate. It describes only one thing, idea or question,

and has only one verb - it contains only an

independent (main) clause.

Any independent clause can stand alone as a sentence.

It has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete

thought.

For example:

Jill reads.Even the addition of adjectives, adverbs, and

prepositional phrases to a simple sentence does not

change it into a complex sentence.

For example:

The brown dog with the red collar always barksloudly.

Even if you join several nouns with a conjunction, or

several verbs with a conjunction, it remains a simple

sentence.

For example:

The dog barked and growled loudly.COMPOUND SENTENCES

Compound sentences are made up of two or more

simple sentences combined using a conjunction such

as and, oror but. They are made up of more than one

independent clause joined together with a co-

ordinating conjunction.

For example:

"The sun was setting in the we