English Grammar Lecture 9: The Intransitive Verb Pattern
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Transcript of English Grammar Lecture 9: The Intransitive Verb Pattern
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The Intransitive Verb Pattern
Ed McCorduckEnglish 402--GrammarSUNY Cortland http://mccorduck.cortland.edu
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Pattern VI
NP V-int(subj) (pred vb)
“V-int” is intransitive verb
intransitive: • does not take an object (traditional grammar definition)• does not require a direct object or a complement (descriptive grammar definition)
slide 2: Pattern IV
English 402: Grammar
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exx
Jesus | wept.
The boat | has sailed.
The City of Light | may have fallen.
slide 3: examples of Pattern VI sentences with intransitive verbs
English 402: Grammar
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slide 4: Reed-Kellogg diagram of a Pattern VI sentence
English 402: Grammar
As illustrated in the “Sentences” lecture, the basic structure of a Reed-Kellogg diagram of a Pattern VI sentence with an intransitive verb is relatively simple. Here again is the diagram of the sentence Jesus wept:
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Extra adverbials (see the previous lecture “Optional Slots”) can be added to Pattern VI sentences:
Jesus wept softly. optional adverbial
The boat has sailed into the horizon. optional adverbial
The City of Light fell June 14, 1940. optional adverbial
slide 5: optional adverbials in Pattern VI sentences
English 402: Grammar
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Compare Pattern I sentences where the ADV/TP is required (i.e., not optional):
*Farnsworth is. (ungrammatical because be requires a following
ADV/TP)
Farnsworth is late. adverbial of time
Farnsworth is here. adverbial of place
slide 6: Pattern I adverbial requirement
English 402: Grammar
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Compare Pattern I sentences where the ADV/TP is required (i.e., not optional):
*Farnsworth is quickly. (ungrammatical because quickly is an adverbial of manner, which
cannot occur after be) *Farnsworth is often. (ungrammatical because often is an adverbial of frequency, which cannot occur after be)
*Farnsworth is from greed. (ungrammatical because from
greed is an adverbial of reason/cause/purpose, which cannot occur after be)
slide 7: ungrammaticality of some adverbials with Pattern I sentences
English 402: Grammar
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But such adverbials can occur freely in Pattern VI sentences:
Farnsworth worked quickly.Farnsworth cried often.Farnsworth cheated from greed.
slide 8: illustration of adverbials’ freedom of occurrence in Pattern VI sentences
English 402: Grammar