English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
-
Upload
avnit-chaudhary -
Category
Documents
-
view
237 -
download
0
Transcript of English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 1/41
AVNIT CHAUDHARY
Applied Grammar
Pronoun- Person table
1.TENSE
Use of verbs in tense
Tense Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect
Continuous
Present 1st
form 1st
form +ing 3rd
form 1st
form +ing
Past Positive
Sentence es 2
ndform
vU; lHkh 1st
from
1st
form +ing 3r
form 1st
form +ing
Future 1st
form 1st
form +ing 3rd
form 1st
form +ing
Person Subject Object Relative (1)
With noun
Relative(2)
Without noun
self
Ist I
We
Me
Us
My
Our
Mine
Ours
My self
Ourselves
IInd You You Your Yours yourself
IIIrd
HeShe
ItThey
HimHer
ItThem
HisHer
It‟sTheir
HisHers
ItsTheirs
Himself Herself
Itself Their selves
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 2/41
Use of helping verbs in tense
Root verbs Do Be Have Have+been
Tense Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect
Continuous
Present Do-P
Does-S
Is-S
Are-P
Am-I
Have – P
Has-S
Have+ been- P
Has+ been – S
PastDid
Was- S
Were-P
Had Had+been
Future Shall- I&We
Will-other
subject
Shall be
Will be
Shall have
Will have
Shall have been
Will have been
Note :- p- plural subject
s- singular subject
Present indefinite tense
Rule:1:- Daily, always, usually, seldom, often, every(day, month,
weak, year………….) vkfn preset indefinite tense ds iz;qDr gks rs gS&
Examples: (1) she…….(come)to see me every month.
Golden Rules
for
Filling Correct Forms Of Verbs
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 3/41
(2)I …………(go) to school daily
(3)My uncle always…….(take) tea in the morning.
Ans :- (i) comes (ii) go (iii) takes
Rule-2 modals (can,could,may,mifht,must,shall,will,would,should,ought
to, need not) ds ckn ges’kk verb dh 1stform gh vkrh gSA
Examples: (1) she can……(do) this work
(2)Yours sister could…………(bring) some fruits for me.
ans:- (i) do (ii) bring
2. present Continuous
Rule-1 ;fn fjDr LFkku ds ckn dks"V es be fn;k gks rFkk okD; orZeku dky esa gks rks
fjDr LFkku ea s is/ar/am vk;sxa rFkk verb dh 1stform es ing tksM nsxasA
Exampales :-
(1) He …….(be) a teacher.
(2) Ramesh…………..(be cook) food.
Ans (i) is (ii) is cooking
Rule-2 while, as, still vkfn 'kCnks ds ckn is/are/am+verb dh 1st form +ing
dk iz;ksx gks rk gSA
Eaxmple- (i) The boy brought a letter and he……..(still wait) for your
reply.
Ans:- is still waiting
3.present perfect tense
Rule-1 ;fn okD; esa just,yet,already, vkfn 'kCn gks rks okD; present perfect
tense dk gks rk gS vr% bles has/have+main verb 3rd
form vk;sxhA
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 4/41
Examples: (1) Ram is not at home. He ……(go) to hospital just now.
(3)They ……… (already finish) their work and now they will
go to the cinema.
(Ans) (i)has gone (ii) have already finished
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Rule: 1. ;fn le; ls igys since / for / all gks vkSj okD; lekIr gks x;k gks rks
fjDr LFkku esa has been vFkok have been + verb esa ing vk;sxk A
Exmaple :- (i) My brother…..(cook) for two hours. (ii) Rani……(teach) to him since 9 o‟ clock.
Ans:- (i) has been cooking (ii) has been teaching
Rule2 :- ;fn nks okD; fn;s x;s gks vkSj fdlh Hkh ,d okD; es a le; ls igys
since / for / all gks rFkk nw ljk okD; present tense es a gks rks fjDr LFkku es a has
been / have been + verb es a ing tqMsxk A
Examples :-
(1) Raju….(write) a story since morning , but he has not finished it
yet.
(2) You……(waste) my time since 9 o‟ clock, you may go now.
Ans:- (i) has been writing (ii) have been wasting
Rule -3 ;fn okD; ds chp es a since gks rks fdUrq since ds ckn le; ugha fn;k gks
rks since ds igys has been / have been + verb esa ing rFkk since ds ckn dh
IInd
form vk;sxh A
Examples :- (i) Mother…….. (sleep) since you ….. ..(go) to office.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 5/41
(ii)Rani……….(sing) songs since she……(take) food.
Ans:- (i) has been sleeping , went
(ii) has been singing , took
Past Indefinite
Rule 1: Yesterday, last (week, month, Year………..)vkfn 'kCn past
tense ds lw pd gSa A ;fn okD; ea s ;s 'kCn gks rks verb dh IInd form vk;sxh A
Examples:-
1. she………(go) to Jaipur yesterday.2. We……….(visit) the zoo last month.
Answer:- (i) went (ii) visited
Rule :2 ;fn okD; past tense es ’kq: gks rks iz k;% iwjk okD; past tensees pysxkA
Examples:-
1. Radha………….(cook) and went to market.2. When I was reading, I……..(hear) a loud noise.
Answer:- (i) cooked (ii) heard
5. Past continuous
Rule: 1 ;fn fjDr LFkku ds ckn dks"Bd es be fn;k gks rFkk okD; past tense es gks rks
fjDr LFkku es Was/were vk,xk rFkk verb dh Ist
form es ing tksM ns axsA
Examples:-
1. He………(be read) a letter yesterday.
Answer:- was reading
Rule:2 ;fn okD; es when gks rFkk when ds ckn verb dh IIst
form gksrks nw ljk
okD; ds fjDr LFkku es Was/were+ verb dh Ist
form es ing tksM ns axsA
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 6/41
Examples:-
1. I…….. (read) a book when sita come in.
2. My mother………(wait) for me when I returned home.
Answer:- (i) was reading (ii) was waiting
Rule:3 while ds ckn Was/were+ verb dh Ist
form es ing dk iz;ksx djsaxsA
Example-
1. The teacher come late while the students………...for him.
Answer:- were waiting
7. Past Perfect
Rule:1 ;fn okD; es before ds igys had+ verb dh IIIrd form gksrks before ds ckn
verb dh IIst
form vk,xhA
Examples:-
1. My sister had cooked food before I …………(reach) the home.
2. The patient had died before the doctor………(come).
Answer:- (i) reached (ii) came
Rule:2 ;fn okD; es before ds ckn had+ verb dh IInd form gksrks before ds igys
had+verb dh IIIrd
form vk,xhA
Examples:-
1. My sister………(cook) food before I reached the home.
2. The patient………..(die) before the doctor came.
Answer;- (i) had cooked (ii) had died
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 7/41
Rule:3 ;fn okD; es after ds igys verb dh IInd form gksrks after ds ckn had+ verb
dh IIIrd
form vk,xhA
Examples:-
1. I washed my shirt after I………(go) to Jaipur.
2. Rahul cooked food after seela……..(write) a story.
Answer:- (i) had gone (ii) had written
Rule:4 ;fn okD; es after ds ckn had gks rks after ds igys verb dh IIrd
form
vk,xhA
Examples:-
1. Sita…….(go) to school after she had finished her work.
2. Rahul……….(cook) food after seela had writer a story.
Answer:- (i) went (ii) cooked
8. Past perfect continuous
Rule:-1 ;fn le; ls igys since/for gks vkSj okD; lekIr gks x;k gks rks fjDr LFkku es
had been+verb dh Ist
form+ ing vk,xh A (;fn okD; past tense es gks)
Examples;-
1. She……..(live) in this house since 1999.
2. Raju ……….(write) a story for two hours yesterday.
Answer;- (i) had living (ii) had writing
Rule;2 ;fn nks okD; fn, gks vkSj fdlh ,d okD; es le; ls igys since/for gks rFkk nqljs
okD; es verb dh IIrd
form gks rks since/for ds igys had been+verb dh Ird
form es
ing tksM nsaxsA
Examples:-
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 8/41
1. Sita………(suffer) from fever for five days when she received the
invitation.
2. Sita…………..(teach) in this school for ten years when I read last
year.
Answer:- (i) had been suffering (ii) had been teaching.
9. Future Indefinite
Rule:1 ;fn okD; es tomorrow, next (day, weak, year, month, year,
Monday………etc) fn, gks rks okD; future tense dk gSA
*I o we ds lkFk shall + verb dh Ird
form dk iz;ksx djsaxsA
*I o we dks NksMdj vU; drkZvks ds lkFk will + verb dh Ird
form dk iz;ksx djs axsA
Examples:-
1. I…….(go) to school tomorrow.
2. She …………(come) here on next Monday.
Answer:- (i) shall go (ii) will come
10.Future Continuous
bl Tense es Hkfo"; es dk;Z pyrs jgus dh dYiuk dh tkrh gSA
*I o we ds lkFk shall be + verb dh Ird
form+ ing dk iz;ksx djs axsA
*I o we dks NksMdj vU; drkZvks ds lkFk will be + verb dh Ird
form+ ing dk
iz;ksx djs axsA
Examples:-
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 9/41
1. He……….(write) a story next day.
Answer:- will writing.
11. Future perfect tense
Rule:-1;fn le; ls igys by gks rks fjDr LFkku es will have/ shall have+ verb dh IIIrd
form+ ing vk,xhA
Examples:-
1. He……..(leave) for school by 10 a.m.
2. She……….(return) from jaipur by 2014.
Answer:- (i) will have left (ii) will have returned
12. Future perfect continuous
Ikgpku%&
i. okD; es future tense lwpd ’kCn ds igys by/on ’kCn gks rs gSA
ii. le; ls igys since/for gks rs gSA
iii. okD; es when ds ckn verb dh Ird form gksA
Rule:-1. Will have been/ shall have been+ verb Hkh Ird form+ ing dk iz;ksx djs axsA
Example:-
1. Anita………(play) football for two hours by six O‟ clock.
2. Ramesh…………(live) in this house for five year by 2020.
Answer:- (i) will have been playing (ii) will have been living
Imperative sentence
Ikgpku%&
i. Verb dh Ird form ls okD; vkjaEHk gks rs gSA
ii. Do/do not ls okD; vkjaEHk gks rs gSA
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 10/41
iii. Please/ kindly ls okD; vkjaEHk gks rs gSA
Rule:-1 ;fn okD; please ’kq: gks mlds rqjar ckn czsfdV es not+ verb dh Ird
form gks rks not ls igys do vkS j tksM ns s axsAExample:-
1. Please…………(not make) a noise.
Answer:- (i) do not make
Rule:-2 Imperative sentence okD; ds ckn ;fn nqljk okD; Hkh gks rks nqljk okD; es
is/am/are+ verb dh Istform+ ing dk iz;ksx djsaxsA
Example:-
1. Do not get out now, the train……..(move) fast.
2. Look! The man…….(run) after the bus, perhaps he wants to catch it.
Answer:- (i) is moving (ii) is running
2. ModalsModals:- Modal ’kCn vaxz sth ds mood ’kCn ls cuk gSA Mood dk vFkZ „euksHkko ;k ekufld
n’kk gks rk gSA ;s lgk;d fØ;k;s gks rs gSA vr% os Helping verb tks oDrk ds euksHkko dks izdV djrs
gS] Modal dgykrs gSA
Modals dh fo’ks"krk,%&
i. Modals dHkh&Hkh vdsys ugh vkrs gS ;s lnSo main verb ds lkFk iz;qDr gks rs gS ;s okLro
es Helping verb gks rs gSAii. Modals ds ckn ges’kk verb dh 1st form dk iz;ksx gks rk gSaA
1. Can :- can dk iz;ksx ’kfDr] lkeF;Z] {kerk o ;ksX;rk ds Hkko ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
&able(;ksX;) Ability (;ksX;rk ) , Capacity-{kerk , Power 'kfDr , strength- 'kfDr ,
Most informal request – lokZf/kd vukSipkfjd fuosnu
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 11/41
Examples :- (i) I can do this work easily (capacity)
(ii) He can run fast.
(iii) My grandmother is over sixty, but she can still read without
glasses.
2. Cannot dk iz;ksx can ds udkjkRed :i es a gks rk gSA
Not allowed to ( vkKk ugh ) Not permitted to (vuqefr ugha)
Examples: (i) Pakistan cannot attack India.
(ii) This is examination room so you cannot use mobile here.
3. Could:- can ds past :i ea s could dk iz;ksx gks rk gSA ;fn okD; past tense ea s fn;k
gks –
Past able, past ability, past capacity, past power, past strength.
Polite request (fouze foosnu ) ds fy, could dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ( ;fn ftl O;fDrls fuonu fd;k tk jgk g mldk ml oLrq ij vf/kdkj gk)
Examples:- (i) I could do this work. (post capacity)
(ii) I could buy a car because I was rech.
(iii) Could I take your pen? ( polite request)
(iv) Could you help me, please.
4. May:- may dk iz; ksx lEHkkouk] ’kqHkdkeukvks] vk’ hkokZn] vuqefr nsus ;k ysus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
& Possible ( lEHko ), Possibility ( lEHkkouk ),allowed(vkKk nsuk ), permission(vuqefr ),
wish(’kqHkdkeuk ), bless(vk’khok Zn ), formal permission(vkSipkfjd vuqefr ),
likehood( lEHkkouk )
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 12/41
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 13/41
& Prohibition (fu"ks/k ), not allowed(vkKk ugh nsuk ), forbade(euk djuk ), not
compulsory(vfuok;Z ugh )
Examples:- (i).you have T.B. you must not smoke.
(ii).You must not walk in the middle of the road.
9. Would:- would dk iz;ksx fouez fuosnu] Hkw rdkyhu vknr ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
bldk iz;ksx will ds past :Ik es Hkh gks rk gSA
& polite request( lk/kkj.k fouez fuosnu ), please,kindly(n;kyqrk ls), past habit(past
habitual and repeated actions(Hkw rdkyhu vknr )
Examples:- (i) I would swim in my childhood.
(ii)You would tell me about my child.
10. Should:- should dk iz;ksx lykg] lq>ko o drZO; okys okD;ks es gks rk gSA bldk
iz;ksx shall ds past :Ik es Hkh gks rk gSA
& advice( lykg ), suggestion( lq>ko ), moral duty(uSfrd drZO;), moral obligation(uSfrd
ck/;rk )
Examples:- (i).You should obey your parents.
(ii).He should welcome his guest.
11. Ought to:- ought to dk iz;ksx lykg] lq>ko o drZO; okys okD;ks es gks rk gSA
& advice( lykg ), suggestion( lq>ko ), moral duty(uSfrd drZO;), moral obligation(uSfrd
ck/;rk )
Note:- ;fn fn, gq, fjDr LFkku ds vUr es to fn;k gks rks dk ought iz;ksx djs axs vU;Fkk should
dk iz;ksx djs axsA
Golden Rule:- vxj okD; e fjDr LFkku ds rqjar ckn to fn;k gks rks dk ought to i;ksxdjxsA
Examples:- (i)You ought to obey your parents.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 14/41
(ii)He ought to welcome his guest.
12. Will:- will ekWMy ds :Ik es *vo’;* dk Hkko nsrk gSA bldk iz;ksx oknk] /kedh vkfn ds
vFkZ es Future tense es I o we ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA& Promise( oknk ), Threat(/kedh )
Examples:- (i)We will do this work in favour of you.( Promise)
(ii)I will kill you, if you punish me. (threat)
13. Shall:-shall ekWMy ds :Ik es *vo’;* dk Hkko ns rk gSA shall dk iz;ksx oknk] /kedh vkfn
ds vFkZ es Future tense es I o we dks NksMdj fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples:- (i).My son shall help you in your work. (promise )
(ii).He shall kill you, if you punish me.( threat)
Exercises
Secondary Board Examination ;2012
Exercise-1 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.
(can, could, may, must, might)
(i) There are clouds in the sky. So it may rain today.
(ii) His lungs have become very weak. So he must give up smoking.
(iii) My grandmother is over sixty, but she can still read without glasses.
(iv) He belonged to a poor family therefore, he could not buy a car.
Board modal paper- 2013
Exercise:- 2 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.
(can, could, may, should, might)
(i) Raju is very intelligent he…….. get Ist Division in the board examination.
(ii) You are very weak, you……….take nutricious food.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 15/41
(iii) He ………….play football, When he was in school.
(iv) You have completed your homewor k, now you……….go.
Answer. (i) can (ii) should (iii) could (iv) may
Exercise:- 3 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.
(can, could, may, must, might)
(i) There are not clouds in the sky, but it………rain today.
(ii) Your son has got a first position in the board‟s exam. He………….be a
very intelligent boy.
(iii) She was a rich lady so she………buy a car for her son.
(iv) The patient is very serious. He………..die at any time.
Answer (i)might (ii) must (iii) could (iv) may
Exercise:- 4 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.
(can, could, may, ought to, might)
(i) The last bus has gone, so he………come now.
(ii) ………..you help me, please?
(iii)
I………..solve any question of this exercise (iv) The clouds are dark, so it ………….rain today.
Answer. (i) might (ii) could (iii) can (iv) may
Exercise:-5 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.
(can, could, ought to, should, would )
(i) I……….run fast when I was young. (ii) You are ill. You……..take rest.
(iii) She……..speak Hindi well.
(iv) You………..to serve your old parents.
Answer. (i) could (ii) should (iii) can (iv) ought to
Exercise:- 6 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 16/41
(ought to, shall, will, must, should)
(i) You………do your duty honestly.
(ii) My son……….help you.
(iii) I……….help you.
(iv) We………to be a good citizen.
Answer. (i) should (ii) shall (iii) will (iv) ought to
Exercise:- 7 Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.
(may, must, might, should, would)
(i) He…… play football in his childhood.
(ii) You….look after your old father.
(iii) Those boy……….pass because they are negligent to studies.
(iv) A soldier…….. be in the uniform.
Answer. (i) would (ii) should (iii) might (iv)must
3. Active to passiveRule:-1. Passive es ges’kk verb dh IIIrd form yxkbZ tkrh gSA
tSls%& (i) He is reading newspaper.
(M.V.)
P= Newspaper is being read. (verb IIIrd) by him.
(ii) Are you teaching maths?
P= Is maths being taught(verb IIIrd) by you?
Rule:- 2. Passive cukrs le; helping verb dk change fuEu lkj.kh vuqlkj gksxk :-
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 17/41
Change of helping verb
S.R. Active voice Passive voice
1 Do/Does Is/ Are/Am2 Is/ Are/Am Is/ Are/Am + Being
3 Has/Have Has/Have+ Been
4 Did Was/ Were
5 Was/ Were Was/ Were + Being
6 Had Had been
7 Shall/Will Shall / Will + Be
8 Shall Have/ Will Have Shall have / Will have +Been
9 Modal Modal + Be
Change of Helping verbs According Tense
Tense
Simple continuous Perfect
Active Passive Active Passive Active Passive
RootVerbs
Do Be Be Be +Being Have Have+been
Present
Do-P
Does-S
Is-S
Are-P
Am-I
Is-S
Are-P
Am-I
Is+being
Are+ being
Am+ being
Have – P
Has-S
Have+ been
Has+ been
Past Did
Was- S
Were-P
Was- S
Were-P
Was+Being
Were+
Being
Had Had+been
FutureShall- I&We
Will-other
subject
Shall be
Will be
Shall
be
Will be
- -
- -
Shall
have
Will
have
Shall have
been
Will have
been
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 18/41
Note :- p- plural subject
s- singular subject
Rule:- 3. Active ls passive cukrs le; Active ds subject dks ’kq: es by yxkdj passive
dk object cuk fn;k tkrk gS tSls&
(i) Ramesh has prepared tea.
P- Tea has been prepared by Ramesh.
(ii) He gives me a lot more money.
P- I am given a lot more money by him.
Or
A lot more money is given to me by him.
Rule:-4. Active ls passive cukrs le; Active ds object dks passive dk subject cuk fn;k tkrk gS tS ls&
1. He likes tea at 4.00PM every evening.
p- Tea is liked at 4.00PM every evening by him.
2. Do you write letters?
p- Are letters written by you?
Formula:-
(1) A.V.- (S.) +M.V.+(ob.)+ Ot.?
P.V.- S(ob.)+H.V.(be)+M.V.(III)+ot+by+ob(S).
Example:-
A.V.:- I have given him a book.
P.V. :- He has been given a book by me.
Or
A book has been given to him by me.
Simple Present
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 19/41
S- (S)+M.V.+(O.)
P.V.- S(O)+Is/Are/Am+M.V.(III)+by+O.(S)
N- (S)+H.V.+not+M.V.+O
P.V- S.(O)+Is/Are/Am+not+M.V.(III)+by+O.(S)
I.- H.V.+(S)+M.V.+(O)+?
P.V.- Is/Am/Are+S(O)+M.V.(III)+by+O(S)+?
I.N.- H.V.+(S)+Not+M.V.+(O)+?
P.V.- Is/Am/Are+S(O)+not+M.V.(III)+by+O(S)+?
Examples:-
1. You do not do your work.
P.- Your work is not done by you.
2. I give money to my father.
P.- Money is given to my father by me.
3. I do my duties.
P.- My duties are done by me.
4. Do you like your house?
P.- Is your house liked by you?
5. I do not know the shopkeeper.
P.- The shopkeeper is not known by me.
6. Do I not decorate the home?
P.- Is the home not decorated by me?
7. Does your father build the houses?
P.- Are the houses built by your father?
8. She prepares food for everybody in this family.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 20/41
P.- Food for everybody in this family is prepared by her.
OR
Food is prepared for everybody in this family by her.
9. Does Raman not ask his teachers some questions about national problems?
P.- Are his teachers not asked some questions about the national problems
by Raman?
10. I do not like book which was given to you.
P.- The book which was given to you is not liked by me.
11. Do you not teach them Hindi?P.- Are they not taught Hindi by me?
12. He always reads newspaper.
P.- Newspaper is always read by him.
13. Rahul does not have the book.
P.- The book is not had by Rahul.
*Passvie cukrs le; fufEuf[kr subject dks object cukdj ugh fy[kk tkrk gSA
1) They
2) We
3) This……..
4) That………
5) These……..6) Those…….
7) ………people………
8) ……….person……..
9) Every…….
10) Some….....
11) Any……
12) No one, no body
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 21/41
13) Police
14) Students
15) Boys
16) Girls17) The teachers
Examples:-
1. The teachers teach the student.
P.- The students are taught.
2. They do not ask the questions in the class room.
P.- The questions are not asked in the class room.
3. We do not say them anything.
P.- They are not said anything.
4. Every student says something about this book.
P.- Something about this book is said.
5. These boys play football at 4.30PM.
P.- Football is played at 4.30.
6. These People never cut the trees in this village.
P.- The trees are never cut in this village.
7. He does his home work.
P.- His home work is done by him.
8. Do you like mango the most/
P- Is the mango liked the must?
9. Does he not give his father some money?
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 22/41
P- Is his father not given some money by him?
Present Continuous
Formula:-
P- (S)+ Is/Am/Are+ M.V. +(O)
P.V._ S.(O)+Is/Am/Are+ Being+ M.V.(III)+By+ O(S)
N.- (s)+ Is/Am/Are+ not+ M.V. +(O)P.V. S.(O)+Is/Am/Are+ not+ Being+ M.V.(III)+By+ O(S)
I.- Is/ Am/Are+ S+ M.V.+(O)+?
P.V.- Is/ Am/Are+ S(O)+being+ M.V.(III)+by+O(S)+?
I.N.- Is/ Am/Are+ S+ not+ M.V.+(O)
P.V.- Is/ Am/Are+ S(O)+not+ being+ M.V.(III)+by+ O(S)+?
1. Am I not asking you any question?
P.- Are you not asked any question by me?
2. Are they watering the plants in the garden?P.- Are the plants being watered in the garden?
3. I am not saying something to you.
P.- Something is not being said to you by me.
4. Are they not singing the song?
P.- Is the song not being sung?
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 23/41
5. Am I not giving you money for your education?
P.- Are you not being given money for your education by me?
6. They are playing the drama for the NGO.
P.- The drama is being played for the NGO.
Present perfect Tense
Formula:-
P- (S)+Has/Have+ M.V.+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+Has/Have+ been+ M.V.(3rd) + by+ O(S)
N.- (S)+Has/Have+ not+ M.V.+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+Has/Have+ not+ been+ M.V.+ by+ O(S)
I- Has/have+ (S)+ M.V.+ (O)+?
P.V.- Has/have+ S(O)+Been+ M.V.+(O)+?
I.N.- Has/Have+ S(O)+not+ been+ M.V.+ by+ O(S)+?
P.V- Has/Have+ S(O)+ not+ been+ M.V.+ by+ O(S)+?
Examples:-
1. He has had this car.
P- This car has been had by him.
2. He has not had this car.
P- This car has not been had by him.
3. Has he had this car?
P- Has this car been had by him?
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 24/41
4. Has he not had this car?
P- Has this car not been had by him?
5. They have refused me.
P- I have been refused.
6. I have broken this table glass.
P- This table glass has not been broken by me.
7. Have I not broken this table glass?
P-Has this table glass not been broken by me
8. She has asked everybody about her son.
P- Everybody has been asked about her son by her.
Past Simple
P- (S)+ M.V.(II)+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+ Was/Were+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)
N.- (S)+Did+ not+ M.V.(I)+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+Was/Were+ not+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)
I- Did+ (S)+ M.V.(I)+ (O)+?
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 25/41
P.V.- Was/Were+ S(O)+ M.V(III)+ By+ O(S)+?
I.N.- Did+ (S)+not+ M.V.+ (O)+?
P.V- Was/Were+ S(O)+ not+ M.V. (III)+ by+ O(S)+?
Examples:-
1. He did not do his work.
P.V.- His work was not done by him.
Past Continuous
P- (S)+ Was/Were+ M.V.(I+ing)+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+ Was/Were+ being+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)
N.- (S)+ Was/Were+ not+ M.V.(I+ing)+(O)P.V.- S(o)+Was/Were+ not+ being+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)
I- Was/Were+ (S)+ M.V.(I+ing)+ (O)+?
P.V.- Was/Were+ S(O)+ Being+ M.V.(III)+ By+ O(S)+?
I.N.- Was/Were+ (S)+not+ M.V.(I+ing)+ by+ (O)+?
P.V- Was/Were+ S(O)+ not+ being+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)+?
Past perfect
P- (S)+ Had+ M.V.(III)+(O)
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 26/41
P.V.- S(o)+ Had+ Been+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)
N.- (S)+ Had+ not+ M.V.(III)+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+Had + not+ been+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)
I- Had+ (S)+ M.V.(III)+ (O)+?
P.V.- Had+ S(O)+ Been+ M.V.(III)+ By+ O(S)+?
I.N.- Had+ (S)+not+ M.V.(III)+ by+ (O)+?
P.V- Had+ S(O)+ not+ been+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)+?
Example:-
1. I had Taken your book.
P- Your book had been taken by me.
PAST SIMPLE TESNE1. He did not do his work.
P-His work was not done by him.
2. They did not ask me about my brother who cut his pipeline.
P- I was not asked about my brother who cut his pipeline.
3. Did you like that book which was not available?
P- Was that book which was not available liked by you?
4. Did the blacksmith not make this cutter for the wood cutter?
P- Was this cutter not made for the wood cutter?
Past Perfect
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 27/41
1. I had taken your book.
P- Your book had been taken by me.
2. Were they watering the plants?
P- Were the plants being watered?
3. Was I not asking them some question in the class room by me?
P- Were they not being asked some question in the class room by me?
4. Had you had that important shop?
P- Had that important shop been had by you?
Simple future
Formula:-
P- (S)+ Will/Shall+ M.V.+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+ Will/Shall+ Be+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)
N.- (S)+ Will/Shall + not+ M.V.+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+ Will/Shall + not+ be+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)
I- Will/Shall + (S)+ M.V.+ (O)+?
P.V.- Will/Shall + S(O)+ Be+ M.V.(III)+ By+ O(S)+?
I.N.- Will/Shall + (S)+not+ M.V.+ by+ (O)+?
P.V- Will/Shall + S(O)+ not+ be+ M.V.(III)+ by+ O(S)+?
Future perfect Tense
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 28/41
Formula:-
P- (S)+ Will/Shall+ have+ M.V.+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+ Will/Shall+ have+ Been+ M.V(III) + by+ O(S)
N.- (S)+ Will/Shall + not+ have+ M.V.+(O)
P.V.- S(o)+ Will/Shall +not + have + been+ M.V(III) + by+ O(S)
I- Will/Shall + (S)+ have+ M.V.+ (O)+?
P.V.- Will/Shall + S(O)+ have+ Been+ M.V(III)+ By+ O(S)+?
I.N.- Will/Shall + (S)+not+ have+ M.V.+ by+ (O)+?
P.V- Will/Shall + S(O)+ not+ have+ been+ M.V. (III)+ by+ O(S)+?
Example:-
1. I shall not ask your teacher.
P- Your teacher will not be asked by me.
2. They will not have told this man.
P- This man will not have been told.
3. Shall we not have any reason?
P- Will any reason not be had?
4. Will you have refused the king?
P- Will the King have been refused by you?
5. Will the players not play this match?
P- Will this match not be played?
6. Aadesh will not tell me the reason for not coming with me.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 29/41
P- I shall not be told the reason for not coming with me by Aadesh.
7. Hari singh will have robbed Anil till tomorrow morning.
P- Anil will have been robbed till tomorrow morning by Hari singh.
*Wh- Group okys sentence dk passive voice
Formula :- WH WORD+H.V+(S)+M.V+(O)?
P- WH WORD +H.V+S(O)+M.V(III)+BY+O(S)?
Examples:-
1. Why was he asking me to go out?P- Why was I being asked to go out by him?
2. How did you get this house?
P- How was this house got by you?
3. Where is he playing the game?
P- Where is the game being played by him?
4. How are you reading the book without a good eyesight?
P- How is the book being read without a good eyesight by you?
5. How can you beat him?
P- How can he be beaten by you?
6. Why should I obey you?
P- Why should you be obeyed by me?
7. Why shall I cut this line?
P- Why will this line be cut by me?
8. Where will you arrange the party?
P- Where will the party be arranged by you?
9. When have they told you about that loss in income?
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 30/41
P- When have you been told about that loss income?
10. When will you have done my work?
P- When will my work have been done by you?
Who okys sentences;-
Formula:- Who+h.v.+m.v.+ ob.?
P.V.:-By whom+h.v.+s(ob.)+m.v. (III)?
1. Who can ask him?
P- By whom can he be asked?
2. Who had taken this responsibility?
P- By whom had this responsibility been taken?
3. Who is taking this book?
P- By whom is this book being taken?
4. Who will cut the line?
P- By whom will the line be cut?
Whom okys sentences;-
Formula:- A.V.- Whom+ H.V.+ S.+ M.V.+ ?
P.V.- Who+ H.V.+ M.V.(III)+ By+ O(S)+?
Examples;-
1. Whom can I ask?
P- Who can be asked by me?
2. Whom have you given money?
P- Who has/have been given money by you?
3. Whom will I ask about?
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 31/41
P- Who will be asked about by me?
4. Whom did he make fool?
P- Who was made fool by him?
Is /are/am/ was/were+going/coming oky sentence.
Formula:-
A.V.:- (S)+is/am/are/was/were+going/coming +to+M.V.(I)+O
P.V.:- S(O)+ is/am/are/was/were+going/coming +to+be+M.V.(III)+by+ O(S)
Examples:-
1. They are going to buy this house.
P- This house is going to be brought.
2. I am coming to ask you about this matter.
P- You are coming to be asked about this matter by me.
3. The police is going to arrest the shopkeeper.
P- The shopkeeper is going to be arrested.
4. She is going to tell you something.
P- You are going to be told something by her.
5. Am I not going to give him food?
P- Is he not going to be given food by me?
6. Why are you going to test this dish?
P- Why is this dish going to be tested by you?
7. When are you going to bring the book?
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 32/41
P- When is the book going to be brought by you?
Imperative Sentence dk Passive Voice
(A)M.V. dh Ist
form ls ’kq: gksu oky sentence
Formula:-
M.V.(I)+ Ob.
P- Let+ ob.+ be+ M.V.(III)
Examples:-
1. Print the newspaper.
P- Let the newspaper be printed.
2. Allow him to go to Jodhpur.
P- Let him be allowed to go to Jodhpur.
3. Cut down the tree.
P- Let the tree be cut down.
4. Put on your school dress.
P- Let your school dress be put on.
(B) Please/kindly ,ao M.V. dh Ist
form ls ’kq: gksu okys okD;:-
Formula:-
Please/ kindly+ M.V.(Ist)
P- you are requested to………..
Example:-
1. Teach us please.
P- you are requested to teach.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 33/41
2. Go please.
P- You are requested to go.
3. Kindly issue me my T.C.
P- You are requested to issue me my T.C.
4. Please have seat.
P- you are requested to have seat.
5. Go away please.
P- you are requested to go away.
(C) Don’t +M.V. dh Ist
form oky okD;
Sentence structure:-
A.V- Don‟t +M.V.(I)+ob
P.V- Let +ob. +not+ be+ M.V.(III)
Examples:-
1. Don‟t ask me.
P- Let me not be asked.
2. Don‟t allow him.
P- Let him not be allow.
3. Don‟t trip the lion.
P- Let the lion not be tripped.
(D) Let+ M.V.+ dh Ist
form oky sentences:-
A.V.- Let +ob(i)+M.V.(I)+ob(2)
P.V.- Let+ Ob(2)+ be+ M.V.(III)+to/by+ ob(i).
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 34/41
Examples:-
1. Let me ask a question.
P- Let a question be asked to me.
2. Let me give money.
P- Let money be given to me.
3. Let him make a plan.
P- Let a plan be made to him.
4. Direct to Indirect
(A) Reported speech es okD; ;fn positive ;k negative gks rks reporting verb es
fuEukuqlkj change gksxkA
(i) Say to- tell
(ii) Says to- tells
(iii)
Saying to- telling(iv) Said to – told
/;ku jgs ;fn say ds ckn to ugh gks rks change ugh gksxkA
(B) Inverted commas e:-
Rule:- reported speech e okD; ;fn positive ;k negative gk rks Inverted
commas dks gVkdj nkuks okD;ks dks that ls tksMk tkrk gA
(C) Reported speech e change:-
(I) Pronoun lEc/kh change:-
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 35/41
Rule – Reported speech e ik;s tku oky 3rdperson ds pronoun es dksb change ugh
gksxk&
Example:-
(i) I am saying to you, “ she has given her sister the book.”
(ii) I am telling you that she has given he sister the book.
Rule – Speech es ik;k tkus okys 1st person ds pronoun es s reporting verb ds subject ds
vuqlkj change gksxkA
Example:-
1. I have said to him,”you are very good student”.
I.D I have told him that he is very good student.
2. Ramesh will say to me, “ I will do your work.
I.D Ramesh will tell me that he shall do my work.
3. The teachers are saying to the students, ”You have to do yours work”.
I.D The teachers are telling the students that they have to do their work.
(d) Tense lEcU/kh change
Rule:- ;fn Reporting verb present ;k future rense es gks rks Reported specch ds tense
es dksbZ change ugh gksxk tSls%&
1. I have said to Rahul, “you may go”.
I.D I have told Rahul that he may go.
Rule-2 ;fn Reporting verb past tense es a gks rks Reported speech ds tense fuEu lkj.kh ds
vuqlkj change gksxk%&
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 36/41
S.R Direct Indirect
1. M.v 1st form M.V 2nd form
2. M.V 1st form + s/es M.V 2nd form
3. Do/does Did
4. Is/Are/Am Was/ were
5. Has/Have had
6. Has been/Have been Had/been
7. Did+mv1st form Had+m.v 3rd form
8. M.v 2nd form Had+m.v 3rd form
9. was/were had been
10. shall/will would
11. can could
12. may might
Examples –
1. You said to me,” I am going to buy yours house”.
I.D You told me that you were going buy my house.
2. I said to him,”you are going to play with the team.”
I.D I told him that he was going to play with the team.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 37/41
3. Rakesh said to meera ,” you have to give her your oen.”
I.D Rakesh told meera that she had to give her pen.
4. I said to him, “You are looking very nice.‟
I.D I told hin that he was looking very nice.
5. Rakesh said to sandeep and his sister, ;You did not ask me any question.”
I.D Rakesh told sandeep and his sister that they had not asked him any
question.
6. I had told her,” You making me a fool,”
I.D I had told her that she was making me a fool.
7. He asked me, “They are cutting the card boad .”
I.D He asked me that They were cutting the card-load.
8. Raman said to prem,”I am not a player.”
I.D Raman told prem thet he was not a player.
9. He said to me,”I had a note book of you.”
I.D He told me that he had had a notebook of me.
10. Rakesh told his sister,” I don‟t want to say you any thing my alan which is
related to your mistakes.”
I.D Rakesh told his sister that he didn‟t want to say her anything about his
plan which was related to your mistakes.
11. The class teacher said,” studenr‟s. I knew every thing about you,”
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 38/41
I.D The class teacher told the student‟s that he had known everything about
them.
12. She said,” mother I want to say you some thing about my school,”
I.D She told mother that she wanted to say her something about her school.
13. Niraja said to Meenakshi,” I want to give you my book at your school”.
I.D Niraja told at Meenakshi that she wanted to give her her book at her
school.
Note :- I.D means Indirect Speech
Interrogative Sentences
fu;e 1- ;fn reported speech helping verb okys Interrogative gks rks Reporting verb
dks ask es cny nsrs gS rFkk tksMus ds fy, if dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Examples:-
1. I said to him,” Are you going to jaipur.?”
I.D I asked him if he was coming to Jaipur.
fu;e 2-
Reported specch ds Inrerrogative sentence dks positive cuk fn;k tkrk gSA
Examples:-
1. Rahul said to my mother,” Did your son write the letter to your husband
before last Monday,”
I.D Rahul asked my mother if her son had written the letter to her husband
before the previous Monday.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 39/41
2. He said to Ram,” Do you Like this car?”
I.D He asked Ram if he liked that car.
3. he said him ,” Are you asking this question ?”
I.D I asked him if He was asking that question.
Wh-G oky Inrerragative sentence
fu;e 1- Reporting verb vkS j Reported speech dks tksMus es wh-G okys 'kCn gh dke
vk;sxkA
Examples:-
1. They said to me, “when did we say some thing to this man?”
I.D They asked me when they had said something to that man.
2. I told your father,”why are you asking about your son ?”
I.D I asked your father why he was asking me about his son.
Imperative sentences
(a) Please/kindly okys I mperative Sentence
fu;e 1- Reporting verb , requested gksxh] Reported Speech es ls please ;k kindly dks
gVkdj ‘‟to‟ ls 'ks"k okD; tksM fn;k tkrk gSA
Examples:-
1. The student said to me,”pleare answer my question
I.D The student requested me to answer his question.
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 40/41
2. Madhu said to me,” Kindly issue me my T.C.”
I.D Madhu requested me to issue her T.C. .
3. The captain said to the coach,”please don‟t arrange the extra player.”
I.D The captain requested the coach not to arrange the extra player.
4. I requested him,”take it without asking any thing,”
I.D I requested him to take it without asking anything.
(b) don’t oky imperative sentences
fu;e 1- Reporting verb forlade gksxh] Reparted es ls don‟t dks gVkdj ‟to‟ ls 'ks"k
okD; tksM fn;k tkrk gSA
Examples:-
(1) The caption said to the coach, “Don‟t arrange the extra player ”.
I.D The caption forbade the coach to arrange the extra player.
(2) She said to me, “Don‟t cut the wire”.
I.D She forbade me to cut the wire.
(3) I said to my brother,” don‟t say me anything about your friend.
I.D I forbade my brother to say me anything about his friend
( c) M.V dh 1st form ls 'kq:kr okys Imperative Sentences.
fu;e 1 Reparting verb, Reported speech ds Hkko ds vuqlkj change gksxh] mlds ckn
Reported speech dks ‘to‟ ls tksM fn;k tkrk gSA
7/27/2019 English Grammar for SSC CGL Exam
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-grammar-for-ssc-cgl-exam 41/41
Examples:-
1. He said to his teacher,” check it ,sir”
I.D He requested his teacher to check it.
2. Geeta said to her friend,”Ask your mother don‟t ask me.”
I.D Geeta advised her friend to ask her mother and forbade to ask her.
3. Ravi said to me,” come inside; but din‟t make a noise ,”
I.D Ravi ordered me to come inside but forbade to make a noise
4. I said to my students,” write down the note,”
I.D I ordered my students to write down the note.
5. He said to his father,” Bring the book from market,”
I.D He requested his father to bring the book from market.