ENGLISH FOR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DRW STTH

THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

Every petrol-engined car needs electricity to provide current for the lights

and other electrical equipment, and to supply the necessary power for the ignition

system.

The ignition system enables the engine to be started and kept running, and

sparking plugs from an essensial part of thissystem. They are screwed into the

engine at, or near, the top,

usually one sparking plug for

each cylinder. A four-cylinder

engine therefore has four

sparking plugs, a six cylinder

engine has six sparking pligs,

and so on. As the name suggests,

the purpose of sparking plug is to

make a spark, and this spark is

to make a spark, and this spark

is achieved by making the electric

current jump a gap between two

points (known as electrodes)

which are at the extreme end of

the plug which is insertef in the

cylinder.

The spark ignites the

fuel/air mixture in each cylinder,

and very rapid burnung and expantion results. This process is called combution

it will be explained later just how this combution fits into the operation of

theengine.

Electricity for the igniting process (ignition) is supplied by a dynamo and

battery. The current is then carried to a coil, then to a distributor and finally to

the sparking plugs.

Exercise

Answer these questions

1. What does an electric motor do?

2. What is the fuction from the sparking plug?

3. What is electrode?

4. What is combution?

5. What are the function from dynamo and dynamo?

Exercise

Match each of these motorcomponents to its function

Componen Function

Armature a. Transfer rotation from the motor

Bearings b. Create an electromagnetic field

Brushes c. Converts elecromagnetic energy to rotation

Commutator d. Reverses thecurrent to the armature

Drive shaft e. Support the drive shaft

Field windings f. Supply current to the armature

CARS

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for

transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most

definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on

roads, to have seating for one to eight people, totypically have four wheels, and to

be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. However,

the term automobile is far from precise, because there are many types of vehicles

that do similar tasks.

Exercise

Complete the sentences with the appropriate expressions, choose between:

bumpers, boot, bonnet, seat belt, indicator, aerial, logo, sunroof, windscreen

wipers, tyres, badge

You open the bonnet to look at the engine. The ____________ absorb small

impacts in an accident. Dont forget to retract the ____________ before using the

car wash. Can you put my suitcase in the ____________, please?

When it starts raining, you need to switch on the ____________. English for

Mechanical Engineering What model is that? I dont know I cant see the

____________ from here. It is important to inflate the ____________ to correct the

pressure for better fuel consumption.

The Mercedes star is a well-known ____________. Open the ____________ and

let some sun and fresh air into the car. I wish all drivers would use their

____________ when they want to turn right or left! Do not forget to fasten your

____________, it can save your life in case of an accident

Exercise: Car parts

SIMPLE PAST TENSE VS PAST CONTINUOUS

Simple past tense We use the simple past to describe things that happened in the past and finished

at a specific time.

Example: He started the company in 1969.

They didnt make a profit in the first year.

Did she work there in 1975?

We often use a time reference which refers to the finished event. E.g. yesterday,

last week, last night, three years ago, in 1969, in the first year.

Form

verb stem + ed

Positive and Negative

I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they Arrived Didnt arrive

Question

Did I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they Arrive?

The verb to be

Positive and Negative

I/ he/ she Was Was not/ wasnt

You/ they/ we Were Were not/ werent

Past continuous

Use ________ Was/Were + V(ing)

We use the past continuous to talk about:

Things which were happening at the time of speaking.

Example: I was trying to call Geoff Peters.

He wasnt working today.

Exercise

Change these sentences into positive, negative or introgative sentences

1. We controled the temperature regularly

2. Did he explain the classification of conductor?

3. The current didnt flow from positive terminal to negative terminal

4. They calculated the energy unit

5. They didnt use a tester to current supply in electrical circuits

Exercise

MICROSOFT

Thomas (live) in the small town of Brington. He (love) walking through the

beautiful forest that surrounded it. One evening, it (rain) , so he (take) his

umbrella and (go) for a walk in the woods. As he (walk) through the woods, he

(meet) an old man named Frank. Frank (tell) Thomas that if he (want) to become

rich, he should invest in a little known stock called Microsoft. When Thomas

(return) from his walk, he (think) Frank (be) foolish because Microsoft (be) a

computer stock. Everybody (know) that computers (be) just a passing fad. At any

rate, Frank (insist) that Thomas (be) wrong. While they (discuss) the stock, Frank

(draw) a wonderful graph of future possibilities. As Frank (draw) the graph,

Thomas (begin) thinking that maybe Frank (understand) stocks. While he (was) to

work, Thomas (decide) to buy some of these stocks. The next day, he (go) to the

stock broker's and (buy) $1,000 worth of Microsoft stock. That (be) in 1986;

today that $1,000 worth of stock is worth more than.

NUMBERS

I. Match the words with the examples on the right:

1. cardinal numbers a. , 2/3, 28/36

2. ordinal numbers b. First, second, third, ...

3. decimals c. 1, 2, 3,

4. fractions d. 12%, 89%...

5. percentages e. 2.3, 4.698

* Each digit after the decimal point is read separately: two point three, four

point six nine eight.

II. Match these written numbers with the way they are read:

1. 60% a. one third

2. 3 b. two fifths

3. 3.4 c. two point eight seven

4. 8.5% d. eight point five percent

5. 1/3 e. three point four

6. 2.87 f. sixty percent

7. 3/4 g. three and a half

8. 2/5 h. three quarters

III. Put these words and phrases into the sentences below:

times/multiplied by, divided by, minus, plus

1. Four________ eighteen equals twenty-two.

2. Seventeen ____________ thirteen equals two hundred twenty-one.

3. Ninety-six _________ four equals twenty-four.

4. Ten ________ nine equals one.

HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK

Safety and health is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health

and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all

occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work environment. As

a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers,

customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who

are impacted by the workplace environment. The average person finds it difficult

to assess risks and that is why work practices need to be regulated.

Safety in the workplace is critical to the success of your business, no

matter what size it is. As a business owner you have responsibilities regarding

health and safety in your workplace. Even if you dont have

any employees, you must ensure that your business

doesnt create health and safety problems for your

customers and the general public.

Knowing and understanding the Occupational

Health and Safety laws can help you avoid the unnecessary

costs and damage to your business caused by workplace

injury and illness. There are many examples of dangerous

activities at your workplace, such as welding without goggles, working at a

construction site without the protection of a hard hat, working in noisy

environments without ear plugs or mufflers, working in production with different

possibly hazardous materials without protective gloves and/or clothes, smoking

near inflammable substance. There are different risky or hazardous situations,

such as: combustion, contamination, dust, the possibility of explosion, poisonous

fumes, gas leakages, toxic vapors, the danger of electrical shock which can all

have effects on us and can cause lethal or very serious damage to our body (for

example: vomiting, dizziness, burns, birth defects, cancer, genetic damage). All

around risky environments or materials there are warning signs that people have

to take seriously.

Exercise

Find some warning signs and explain them

Exercise

Name the safety items below.

a.__________ b. __________ c. ___________

d.__________ e. ___________ f.__________

g. ___________ h. __________ i. ____________

HAND TOOLS AND THEIR USES

Nowadays, the speed and productivity are very important, and therefore

many works in the workshop are being done with the power tools and machines.

However, any good craftsman knows that the quality result lies in the balance

between the handwork and machine work. In many cases during the

manufacture, the craftsman has to decide whether some operation will be done

with the hand tools or with the machine. Such decision should always be made

by considering which method is more efficient, which method you are adept to,

which methods produce better work and which method is cheaper.

Always use right hand tool for the job. This way

you get the best job with the least effort, the least

damage to the tool and the least danger to

yourself.

In some cases, hand tools are faster than

the machines. Of course, if many identical parts

need to be cut, hand tools are definitely slower.

But if you work on some unique project, it will

surely be easier to perform some operations with

the hand tools, rather than to waste time to set up and configure your machine.

One of the important advantages of hand tools is that they are cheaper

than the power tools, so if in your work you do not have a specific need for this

type of tools, it will be much more cost-effective to buy less expensive hand tool

and use it occasionally, than to buy an expensive power tool which will lay on the

shelf. Besides that, the hand tools are indispensable for the house maintenance.

Various jobs on the house are occasional, so it is not profitable to invest a lot of

money in various power tools. Another great advantage of hand tools is that they

are much safer than the power tools, and this is important for both craftsmen

beginners and for the amateurs, who use hand tools just for quick repairs.

Exercise

Hand tools can be divided into several groups:

Laying out tools Measuring and marking tools

Impact or striking tools (hammers, mallets and sledges)

Twisting tools or fastening tools (wrenches and screwdrivers)

Woodcutting tools (wood saws, planes, wood chisels)

Metal cutting tools (dies, drills, files, punches, reamers, taps)

Holding tools (clamps, pliers, vises)

Safety equipment (goggles, gloves)

Grinding and sharpening tools

Finishing tools and abrasives

Tool storage & accessory containers

PASSIVE VOICE

A. The form of Passive Voice

Passive voice is the We form the passive voice in English with the verb to be as an

auxiliary, plus the past participle of the main verb. For every active voice in

English there is a corresponding passive voice.

Formation

Example

1. Active voice

Mary writes a computer assignment

Mary (the subject is the doer of the action)

Writes (verb)

A computer assignment (the noun receiving the action in the object of the

action)

2. Passive

A computer assignment is written by Mary

A computer assignment (the subject is the receiver of the action)

Written (the verb phrase containing a form the verb to be)

Mary (a noun becomes part of the phrase beginning with)

Exercise 1

Change these sentences into passive voice

1. You must leave the message

The message must be left by you

2. I will drive a new car during this holiday

3. The mechanic is using pliers as a hammer

.

4. He controlled the production systems.

5. Software company is launching new software.

6. We must clean Wet or oily floors quickly

7. He installed a new anti-virus to my laptop.

8. You can improve your engineering knowledge by practicing.

9. Developers are hand tools increasingly

.

10. Office workers will use Safety Tools at work

Exercise 2

Rewrite the following passage in the PASSIVE:

Someone broke into a local jewelry shop yesterday. The owner had just locked up

the shop when a robber with a gun threatened him. The robber told him to

unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then the robber tied

him up. The police have organized a search for the robber. They hope they will

find him in a few days. Doctors are treating the owner of the shop for shock.

APPLICATION LETTER

Application letter is also called by A cover letter. Application letter is a

document sent with your resume to provide

additional information on your skills and

experience. Business and professional

people are hired on the basis of application

letter and interview

General points:

Keep it brief

Begin your letter or email Dear Mr /

Mrs/ Msxxxx if you know the persons

name, or Dear Sir or Madam if you

dont know their name.

Short paragraphs.

Check your spelling, grammar, and

punctuation carefully.

Part of Application Letter

1. Heading

a. Sender's address:

b. Date

2. Inside Address

This is the address you are sending your letter to (the companys address).

Make it as complete as possible. Include titles and names if you know them

3. Salutation

Example: Dear Sir,

4. Body

The body of a good application letter, usually 3 to 4 paragraphs, explains why

the applicant is a good fit for the job, explains relevant experience, and shows

how that experience would be useful if selected for the career opportunity.

5. Closing

Example: Yours sincerely,

6. Signature

Do not followed by punctuation

Consist of application letter

1. Introduction

2. Statement of qualification

3. Reason for applying the job

4. Availability of the applicant

666 Antares Way Ray,

MA 02072

Januari 15, 2016

Ms. Nancy Mary

Human Resources Manager

McKeith & Company, Inc.

Parkinson Park Plaza, dome 2000

Boston, MA 02101

Dear Ms. Mary,

Application for the position of product designer

In reference to the job vacancies you advertised at the Carpenters Industrial College career bazaar, I would like to apply for the position of product designer. I believe that while I am a

recent graduate, I do have some valuable experience that will enable me to be an excellent

addition to your design team.

I recently graduated with a Strata one in graphic design, and the course includes product design

modules. Moreover, I have competed in several design competitions and won a gold medal in a

product design competition in Thailand last year, in which I designed a self- heating mug.

Details of this prize and other prizes that I have won are included in the enclosed curriculum

vitae.

I am looking forward to a positive reply from you. Thank you for your kind consideration and

time.

Yours sincerely,

Almira Aulia