English Civil War and the

Glorious Revolution

Adair Doran

Ruling families

TUDOR (1500s)

STUART (1600s)

Relationship with Parliament

Mary Stuart

Mary Suart

Cousin of Elizabeth Mother of James VI of Scotland beheaded by ELizabeth

James I

James I (1603 - 1625)

Son of Mary King of Scotland Protestant scholar believed in Divine Right

Quarrels with Parliament over: money religion foreign policy parliament made up of

• House of Lords - nobles

• House of Commons• middle class, many Puritans

Charles I

Charles I (1625-1649)

Son of James same problems and more courageous and intelligent Catholic oriented divine right

Argued with Parliament over money• lectures them and dismisses them

• forced loans• imprisoned if refused

• quartered soldiers in private homes

1628 - desperately needs money Calls Parliament Forced to sign the Petition of

Rights Signs and sends Parliament home Short Parliament Ruled without for next 11 years

William Laud made Archbishop of Cantebury

Special courts set up Ship money Scotland

Long Parliament (1640-1653)

Needs money to protect England from Scottish invasion

Forced to call Parliament Parliament upset forced Charles to agree to

Petition of Rights Triennial Act Remove unpopular ministers and

put them on trial abolish special courts The longer they meet the more

radical they become

English Civil War 1642-1649 Cavaliers

• support king, Anglican Church, divine right, nobles, rural area

Roundheads• support Parliament, middle class,

Puritans, SE England, London

Civil War Cavaliers victorious at first WHY? Oliver Cromwell

• turning point

• New Model Army

Cromwell

Charles captured and put on trial in 1649

beheaded - remove king, house of lords, etc. Parliament rules

declared a republic - THE COMMOMWEALTH Problems remain

Oliver Cromwell takes over Lord Protector (1649-1658) reforms society, puritan rules Irish Policy dies 1658, son takes over English want to return to way things

were

THE RESTORATION Ask Charles II to become king 1660-1685 Declaration of Breda has limits placed on his rule

• Magna Carta, Petition of Rights

• Habeas Corpus Act Problems Test Act

Charles II

James II (1685-1688) brother of Charles openly pro-Catholic keeps own private army remarries birth of son

James II

Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 William and Mary English Bill of Rights

• made parliament stronger than the monarchy

• protected individual rights Act of Settlement