ENGLISH - Bachillerato virtual, a distancia, online, en … Grade - english 197 Enrich your...

Unit 3It’s on sale!

ENGLISH

Objectives: At the end of the unit you will be able to:

Understand oral and written language related to foods, numbers, prices and shopping by listening to and reading different sources in order to satisfy specific communication needs.

Articulate oral and written discourse expressing data on foods, numbers, prices and shopping in order to communicate with others and implicitly promote good spending habits.

Objectives At the end of the unit you will be able to:

Understand and produce oral and written sentence-level texts related to; introductions, greetings and farewells, personal information likes and dislikes by listening to authentic conversations and audio material in order to communicate with peers and others.

Identify vocabulary related to workplace facilities, personnel, equipment, and activities in order to recognize characteristics and make comparisons.

Produce oral and written language by comparing people, objects, and different issues in an office or business setting.

Unit 3It’s on sale!

ENGLISH

192 english - ninth Grade

In this unit you will have the opportunity to use the English language in topics such as food, shopping, prices, statistics, areas and distances. Through the lessons in the unit 3 readings and dialogues, you will learn about the different products you can buy at the supermarket as well as at a store. You will also learn how to agree or disagree with somebody else’s opinions. As the topic of large numbers is part of the unit, you will be practicing with quantities related to the topics mentioned above. The unit also includes topics related to the digital era.

In this unit you will work on a project called “My annual budget”. You will be given instructions to set up your own realistic annual budget throughout the unit. The final product of this project will be your annual budget, written in English. This will give you the opportunity to have more control over your money when thinking about buying something extra or when you need to spend more than what you have budgeted.

Unit guidelines

Introduction: Hands on!

Grammar Vocabulary

Pronunciation

ListeningSpeakingReading Writing

Lesson 1

Food

Lesson 2

Shopping

Lesson 3

Numbers from 1,000 to 1,000,000

Lesson 4

Prices up to $1,000,000.00

Lesson 5

Technology

Unit 3

It´s on sale!

ninth Grade - english 193

Unit Three Lesson 1Getting started!

Activity 1Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Carol doesn’t know if they need to go to the supermarket.

2. George wants to go to the supermarket. 3. If they don’t go to the supermarket, they won’t have

food for tomorrow.4. George doesn’t have anything else to do today.5. They are going to buy more than just food at

the supermarket.

Conversation and more Listen to and read the following conversation. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: George? Are we going to the supermarket today?B: What day is today? Is it time to go to the

supermarket again, Carol?A: Well, it’s the end of the month, and we have run

out of rice, milk, sugar, coffee, cleaning supplies, etc. If we don’t go today, don’t ask for breakfast tomorrow.

B: Ok, ok. I was just wondering if it was really necessary to go. I’ll be ready in a few minutes. Just let me cancel the dentist appointment I had for today.

A: We’re not going to buy only food. We need some personal care items, too.

B: Whatever you say! Let’s go!

Achievement indicators I can correctly say names and types of food. I can recognize prices of food and other objects from radio or

TV commercials. I can get the notions of agreement and disagreement from radio or

TV commercials.

I can correctly and politely agree or disagree on likes and opinions about food, appliances and other objects.

I can list food and objects with the correct spelling and in correct categories.

I can identify names of food from recordings and other oral input.

Where do you buy your food?Getting started!

¿Dónde acostumbras comprar la comida, en el mercado o en el supermercado?¿Cuál es la diferencia entre comprar en el mercado y comprar en el supermercado?¿Prefieres comida enlatada o comida fresca?¿Qué es más importante cuando compras comida, el precio o la calidad?

Another way to say “We don’t have any rice” is “We have run out of rice”.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 3


Enrich your vocabularyLook at the picture. What kind of a place is this? Can you name some of the items?

Food itemsfresh produce baked goods meat canned goods

fruit beef

chicken fruit cakes tarts beef poultry canned

mushrooms sauces pastries pies vegetables pork beverages

Classify the following food products that can be found in the supermarket into the categories below.

Activity 2

Nonfood itemshousehold cleaners pharmacy products personal care items

tile cleaner deodorant

antacids deodorant acne ointment ibuprofen shaving cream perfume

bleach lotion tile cleaner detergent window cleaner

Classify the following nonfood items that can be found in the supermarket into the categories below.

Activity 3

Glossary: Ointment: a thick smooth substance used for sore or injured skin.Goods: objects produced for sales.

It’s important to know the names of the different departments in a supermarket and to know the categories under which the items are classified. For example, if someone is looking for shaving cream, that person will have to go to the personal care items section.

What for?

Household cleaners: all the products used for cleaning in the house

UNIT 3


Answer the following questions with your own information.

1. Which personal care items do you usually buy?2. Which household cleaners do you use?3. Which fruits do you prefer to buy?4. Which meat do you prefer?5. Where do you buy ibuprofen?

Time to readRead the following passage. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

What is a supermarket?A supermarket is a self service store offering a wide variety of food and household merchandise, organized into departments. It is larger in size and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store, but it is smaller than a hypermarket or superstore.

Supermarkets typically contains meat, fresh produce, dairy, and baked goods departments along with shelf space reserved for canned and packaged goods as well as various nonfood items such as household cleaners, pharmacy products, and pet supplies. Most supermarkets also sell a variety of other household products that are consumed regularly, such as alcohol (where permitted), household cleaning products, medicine, clothes, and some sell a much wider range of nonfood products.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. A supermarket is similar to a traditional grocery store in size and selection.

2. A hypermarket is bigger than a supermarket.3. Sellers in supermarkets negotiate goods prices with

the buyers.4. Sellers change goods prices in response to market

conditions.5. Buyers can find different kinds of food and products

at the supermarket.


1. Where do you prefer to buy groceries?2. How often do you buy personal care items?3. Which personal care items do you buy

more frequently?4. Do you prefer fresh or frozen vegetables?5. Do you know how to budget?

Activity 6

The first thing you have to think about when setting up a budget is your monthly net income or the money you earn each month. You must also consider your monthly expenses or the money you need to spend for living expenses each month. You may want to look at the example on page 114 or surf the internet to see examples of budgets. This is an excellent site to visit for this purpose: http://www.ourfamilyplace.com/budget.html.

Hands on! 3A

Activity 5

Activity 4

UNIT 3


Conversation and moreListen to and read the following conversations. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Conversation 1A: We need two pounds of rice, half a pound of

cream, a bottle of oil and one pound of cheese. I think these are all the ingredients for the recipe. We will have to go to the supermarket to buy a can of asparagus and some other things we cannot find here. What else should we add to the list?

B: Don’t forget that there aren’t any green peppers at home. We have to buy some, Susan.

A: You’re right. Are we buying chicken, beef or pork? I prefer beef.

B: I think everybody likes chicken and it’s less expensive than beef. Remember that we have a budget.

A: Ok. Let’s buy six pounds of chicken breast. That will be enough for everybody, Laura.

B: Don’t forget that we have to buy the drinks, too. Celia and Anna are going to bring some snacks, and Paul is bringing the salad.

Conversation 2A: Do you know what “best if used by” and “use-by

date” mean?B: Sure, they mean that the product should retain

maximum freshness, taste and consistency if used by this date. Beyond this date, the product begins to deteriorate, although it may still be edible or safe to eat.

A: Oh, oh! Then I’m not buying these cookies. It says best if used by March 27th, 2009, and today is May 1st.

B: Be careful. Check that information all the time before buying anything in the market or supermarket. If you aren’t careful, you will buy expired products.

Answer the following questions using the information from conversation 2.

1. Which two words have negative meanings in the dialogue?

2. What does edible mean?3. What’s the problem with the cookies?4. What happens with the product after the date in the

phrase “best if used by (date)” ?5. Do you ever read the information in the packages,

cans or bags when you are buying?

Activity 8

Answer the following questions using the information from conversation 1.

1. Where are Susan and Laura?2. What are they doing?3. Are they buying food for breakfast or dinner?4. Why did they decide to buy chicken and not beef?5. How many cans of asparagus are they going to buy

at the supermarket?

Activity 7

Rice, flour, beans, and sugar are considered “bulk items” because they are always in high demand. They are generally sold in markets for a specific price per pound weight.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 3


Enrich your vocabulary Food quantifiersLook at the following pictures. How are each of these items measured?

Match the following phrases with the illustrations

1. a loaf of bread2. a box of milk3. a pound of rice4. a package of frozen food5. a bar of chocolate6. a can of soda7. a bowl of noodles8. a slice of pizza9. a bunch of grapes

Activity 9

Put the following food or drink items in the correct categories.

Write 5 sentences of your own using food quantifiers. Follow the examples.

Examples:1. I need 4 spoonsfuls of powdered milk for the recipe.2. Bring us 4 cups of coffee, please.

Activity 11

When buying at the supermarket, it is useful to know the words used to quantify the different food items. Loaf is the quantifier, or container, commonly used for bread; quart is commonly used for milk and juice; slice is used for pizza and pie; bar is used for chocolate; spoon for sugar, etc. Look at this website to learn more about commonly used containers at the supermarket: http://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson37/Lesson37.htm

What for?

Spoonful Glasses Cups Slicespowdered milk coffee

Activity 10

A B C D E

F G H I

cake sugar soda meatmilk baking powder pie ricetea vanilla water pizza

UNIT 3


Language in useThe expression “so” is used to show agreement after you hear an affirmative statement. It means in the same way or similarly. “Too” is also used to express agreement and it means in addition or also. Look at the examples in the chart below.

Express agreement with the following statements using the rejoinders (expressions) “so” or “ too”. Use the subjects provided in parentheses. Follow the example below.

Example: Myra is a very good student. (Doris) Answer: So is Doris. / Doris is too.

1. I’m hungry. (Carmen)

2. David is home. (his wife)

3. Karl and Bob are working hard. (the other employees)

4. The kids are going to stay home. (their parents)

5. Kathy studies the English lessons every day. (I)

6. Emma arrived home late last night. (you)

7. The teacher was in the classroom. (the students)

Affirmative statements Too So

I prefer to cook with little oil.

I do, too. (Me too)We do, too.they do, too.

My mother does, too.Kevin does, too.

so do I.so do we.so do they.

so does my mother.so does Kevin.

larry’s going to go to the pharmacy later.I am, too.

Carlos and anna are, too.so am I.

so are Carlos and anna.the canned food was delicious. the salad was, too. so was the salad.

I ate boiled vegetables last night.I did, too.Me, too!

so did I.

Activity 12 Activity 13Fill in the blanks to complete the statements below.

1. I bought a new printer and __ Ann.2. Charlie loves talking on the phone ___.3. Mary is cooking and I __ .4. The child wants a bar of chocolate and __ his

twin brother.5. These earphones are old-fashioned and these

radios __ .6. Mom needs some headache pills. I __ .7. Jeff is looking for a new laptop. Carlos __ .

is too do too too am too

so does are too so did

The expression “Expiration date” is also important when buying. If the expiration date is the same as the day’s date you are buying, take the products to the manager and tell him or her to toss them out.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 3


Complete the following sentences with the quantifiers given.

Activity 14

1. I’m going to prepare an apple pie, and I still need some ingredients. Bring me two __ of flour and a __ of milk.

2. Remember to buy a __ of frozen vegetables.3. Buy some chocolate __ for the kids, too.4. We have run out of oil; add a __ of olive oil to the

list, please.5. Look for a __ of fresh bread, please.6. Ah! Look for a pizza that is cut into __.

can bars pounds

loaf package quart

slices

Activity 16

Listen to the 3 radio advertisements, and answer the following questions.

1. What’s ad number 1 advertising? A. pain pills B. muscle pain ointment C. headaches pills

2. What’s ad number 2 advertising? A. kids’ vitamins B. a fresh vegetables recipe C. a new microwave

3. What’s ad number 3 advertising? A. a tile cleaner B. furniture for the kitchen C. a new market for household cleaners

Activity 15

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parenthesis.

1. I’m going to ask for a turkey sandwich. I __, too. (be)

2. Victor wants a chocolate bar and the baby __ , too. (do)

3. My students haven’t worked with the exercises yet. Yours __ either. (have)

4. They’ll bring some snacks for the picnic. I __ , too. (will)

5. This pie is expired; I didn’t read the information in the package. Neither __ I. (do)

Lesson core

En esta lección has trabajado con las categorías de comida que encuentras en el supermercado tales como: fresh produce, baked goods, canned goods, etc. También has utilizado el vocabulario que se usa para cuantificar los diferentes productos, por ejemplo: pound, loaf, package, etc. A través de los ejercicios y las lecturas has practicado comparando precios, hablando de materiales de los que están hechos y características de los objetos y utensilios. También has aprendido a expresar acuerdo o desacuerdo con las opiniones de otros.

english - ninth Grade

Self evaluation

200

1 3

2 4

Answers:

UNIT 3

There are many large, American-style, supermarkets in Italy. You will find several of these

in Tuscany. One popular chain is Ipercoop. The smaller versions of this same chain are called Coop. You will find these in Switzerland too.

Large supermarkets are located outside of the historic town centers. They have big parking lots and are even sometimes part of a “mall”. These supermarkets work exactly like the supermarkets in the U.S., except for the following three things: 1. You need a 1 Euro coin to get a shopping cart.

2. You must weigh and price all your fruits and vegetables.

3. You must bag your own groceries and sometimes youhave to pay extra for the bags.

GROCERY SHOPPING IN ITALY

1. a 4. c

Disagree with the following opinion: Carlos didn’t come to the school meeting.a) I am too.b) I did too.c) I didn’t either.d) I am not either.

Which is a pharmacy product that you can buy at the supermarket?a) bleachb) f lourc) acne ointmentd) grapes

Which are two categories of food?a) fresh produce and canned foodb) carrots and beansc) milk and coffeed) pound and loaf

Agree with the following opinion: Doris likes to eat vegetables for dinner.a) I am, too.b) I do, too.c) I am.d) I don’t either.

Glossary:Ipercoop: the name of a popular supermarket in Italy, it is pronounced “EE-pehr-cohp”.

Choose the letter that best answers each question or statement.


Unit Three

Getting started!

Lesson 2


A: Good evening, ma’am. May I help you?B: Yes, please. Everything is on sale this weekend, right? A: Right! B: Good! I’d like to see the plasma TVs that you are

advertising this week.A: They’re right here, ma’am. B: Which are the main features of this plasma TV?A: This 15” TV has an anti-reflective coating which

improves your TV video fidelity by minimizing the effect of ambient light. It also has Freeze, which freezes a moving picture until the feature button is pressed a second time.

B: Besides the size and the price, what’s the difference between them?

A: Their resolution is 1680 x 1050 which is generally considered sufficient. Both offer side mounted input ports for easy connectivity with other devices and both include a remote control. The main difference is the size. The 19” TV list price is $329.99, but the price this weekend is $228.00.


1. Amy is buying a plasma computer.2. The plasma TV was on sale last weekend.3. The TV anti-reflective coating reduces the effect of

ambient light.4. Both TVs are exactly the same.5. Both TVs cost the same this weekend.

I can compare, at a sentence level, prices, quality of food, appliances, and other objects.

Achievement indicators I can successfully pick out details and main ideas on shopping

transactions from oral input. I can compare prices and quality of food, appliances and other objects

with grammatical accuracy.

Activity 1

Getting started!

¿Cuándo vas de compras? ¿Qué características buscas en los objetos que compras?¿Eres comprador/a impulsivo/a?Cuándo vas de compras, ¿te gusta ir solo/a o acompañado/a? ¿Por qué? Cuando vas de compras, ¿qué es más importante, la calidad o el precio?

do you Want to Go shoppInG?

You’re saving $101.99. The list price of the other one is the same. This is a real bargain!

B: Let me just check with my husband. I’ll be back. Thank you very much.

A: You’re more than welcome. Here, you can have my card.

It’s a bargain! This is an expression used when buying something at a low price. If the price of a pair of good sports shoes is $20.00, you can say, “It’s a bargain!”

What for?

UNIT 3


Enrich your vocabularyLook at the variety of products that new technology has brought us. Do you own any of these things?

Listen to the conversation between Kevin and his father. Then choose the letter that best completes each sentence.

1. Kevin wants __. A. laptop B. an iPod C. an MP3 2. The __ is on sale. A. laptop B. iPod C. Mp33. What’s the laptop real price? A. $496.77 B. $503.22 C. $999.994. Mr. Brown wants to pay only for the __. A. laptop B. iPod C. MP35. Kevin also wants to buy __ and __. A. clothes, shoes B. a TV, a radio C. a desktop computer, a cell phone

Activity 3Match the items from the pictures with their definitions.

1. __ It’s a portable computer.2. __ Depending on its memory capacity, this gadget

holds at least 500 songs without the aid of cassettes or discs! It’s a specific brand of MP3 player.

3. __ It’s basically a storage device that contains solid-state memory, like flash memory, and software that will let you transfer audio files from your computer to the player.

4. __ Personal digital assistants, also called pocket computers, are handheld devices that include a calculator, calendar, to-do list, memo pad, address book and more.

5. __ It’s the latest display technology to achieve flat panel displays with excellent image quality and large screen sizes viewable in any environment.

6. __ It’s designed to recreate the experience of watching a movie in a theatre, where you get more immersed in the experience than while watching it at home on an ordinary television set.

7. __ It’s a device to play movie DVDs.

Activity 2

A. B. C. D.

Plasma TV: $228.00 DVD player: $54.00 Home theater: $958.00 iPod: $85.75

E. F. G.

MP3 player: $199.99 Palm pilot: $305.00 Laptop: $500.00

UNIT 3


Time to readRead the following passage about cell phones. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

Media fun comes to cell phonesCellular phones were originally intended to make business and pleasure communication portable, but over time they have become convenient venues for music downloading, internet access, television viewing, and much more.

During the second generation of mobile phones, text messaging became available, a development which ushered in a whole new way of communicating. The second generation models of cell phones also began using embedded software which allowed the public to consume media on their mobile phones. A Finnish company began this revolution by introducing a downloadable ring tone in exchange for extra payment.

Match the words on the left with their meanings on the right.

Activity 4

Decide whether the following statements are true or false about the passage above.

1. Cellular phones were originally intended to allow users to play games.

2. Users can’t have access to internet through a cell phone.

3. Users can send messages through a cell phone. 4. Downloading ring tones is free.5. Cell phone users like the newest, fastest and the best.

A budget may include the following costs and expenses: 1. Housing costs, such as; electricity, fuel, phone, and others. 2. Food costs include; groceries, meals eaten outside of the home, and others. 3. Professional fees, such as; dentist and doctor visits, lawyers, consultants, and others. 4. Entertainment and travel expenses include; movies, DVDs, music, concerts, weekend trips, dining out, etc. 5. Clothing costs include; back to school clothes, seasonal clothes, work clothes, and others. 6. Miscellaneous expenses include; school tuition, gifts, and others. Use this list of items as an example to help you make your own list of costs and expenses.

Hands on! 3B

Words Meanings

1 ushered A the originally designed for a specific use

2 embedded software B were ready for immediate use

3 available C introduced

4 intended D small computers or computer chips that use simple microprocessors to control electrical and mechanical functions

5 exploded E burst

Activity 5

From there, the introduction of media content displayed and viewed on mobile phones exploded into an international phenomenon.

UNIT 3


Time to readDo you know how to budget? Read the following steps and then look at the example below.There are a few basic steps in order to set up a viable budget:

Match the following words on the left with their meanings on the right.

Activity 6Words Meanings

1 budget A aim or purpose to reach a certain objective.

2 viable B expenditures or what you must pay for something.

3 loan C a plan for the coordination of resources and expenditures.

4 goal D to assign as a share or portion.

5 allot (ed) E to complain or dislike something.

6 expenses F having a reasonable chance of succeeding.

7 struggle G To proceed with difficulty or great effort.

8 whine H Money lent to you that includes interest.

Home Budget Year 2009

Monthly net income $1000.00 $1000.00 $1000.00 $1000.00 $1000.00

Budgeted Expenses January February March April Mayrent $150.00 $150.00 $150.00 $150.00 $150.00 $150.00food $250.00 $250.00 $250.00 $250.00 $250.00 $250.00electricity $25.00 $25.00 $25.00 $25.00 $25.00 $25.00Water $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00Internet

$25.00

$25.00 $25.00 $25.00 $25.00 $25.00savings $25.00 $0.00 $0.00 $25.00 $25.00

Cell phone $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 $15.00

home phone $30.00 $30.00 $30.00 $30.00 $30.00

Gasoline / travel expenses $60.00 $60.00 $60.00 $60.00 $60.00 $60.00

Credit card $50.00 $50.00 $0.00 $50.00 $0.00 $0.00

ipod $35.00 $35.00 $35.00 $35.00 $35.00 $35.00

bank account balance at Jan 1 $300.00

total budgeted expenses $675.00 $650.00 $600.00 $675.00 $625.00 $625.00

sum of unpaid line items $25.00 $75.00 $0.00 $50.00 $50.00

predicted cash at month end $300.00 $650.00 $1,050.00 $1,375.00 $1,750.00 $1,750.00

A. All budgets should be specific to your needs and goals. There is no set amount that works for everyone.

B. Make sure that you set realistic amounts. It’s unrealistic to take on another loan that would cut your allotted food expenses in half when you’re already struggling to stay within your budget.

C. Treat savings used for goals and emergencies as a bill. If you wait to save what’s left over at the end, there will never be anything left over.

D. Involve your family members. Spousal cooperation is necessary for any budget plan to succeed. Let your children participate in the budget discussions; they will understand how to use money better. They are less likely to whine when they can’t get something. They are also helpful in the small goals, especially when they know if we spend less on toys there is more for food and fun.

UNIT 3



1. A budget is the same for everybody.2. It’s a good idea to get a loan when one is trying to

stay within one’s budget.3. It’s good advice to save for goals and emergencies.4. The reading recommends involving family

members when working on the budget5. Children won’t whine when they understand the use

of money.

Activity 7

Answer the following questions based on your own experience.

1. Why is it necessary to prepare a budget every month?2. Do you prepare a budget every month?3. If you do so, does it help you control your expenses?

Conversation and moreListen to and read the conversation between Karen and Bob. Lookup any new words in a dictionary.

A: Look at these _(1)_. What are they made of?B: They’re made of fine solid pine and the _(2)_ are

covered with leather. It’s a hand-painted _(3)_.A: I like the wood, but I don’t like the leather color.B: I don’t either. Let’s see something else.A: What do you think about this _(4)_ for the corner

of the living room?B: I like it, but it’s too big. Look at this one. This is

smaller and it can fit into the corner.A: Yes you’re right, but I don’t think the wood is

good quality.B: Ok. Let’s move on.A: This _(5)_ is fantastic for the kid’s room. Don’t you

think so?B: Which one? A: The small one because it won’t take up much spaceB: It looks nice, but I think it looks too expensive for

the kid’s bedroom.

Activity 8

Activity 9

4. Do you include some money from your monthly paycheck to be put in savings?

5. Would you recommend that people develop the habit of budgeting?

Choose the letter that best answers each statement.

1. You should always prepare a __ if you want to have better control of your expenses.

A. loan B. budget C. goal

2. My __ is to save $25.00 every month to be able to buy a new TV set for my mom.

A. budget B. expense C. goal

3. I have to __ every month in order to stay within my budget.

A. struggle B. save C. whine

4. I could have the interest from my __ in my savings account. I’m going to cancel it.

A. water B. telephone C. credit card

5. I only have $10.00 in my savings account because I have some __ over money at the end of the month.

A. expenses B. left C. goals

UNIT 3


Language in useUse “neither” and “either” to show agreement in responses to previous negative statements expressed by another speaker. Study the table below.

Express agreement with the following negative statements using “either” or “neither”. Use the subjects in parentheses.

Example: We’re not happy with our new water filter. (we)

Answer: We aren’t either. / Neither are we.

1. I’m not interested in getting a new laptop. (Marlon)

2. Lee isn’t in the store. (his girlfriend)

3. Rene and Max aren’t playing in the computer. (their friends)

Negative statements Either Neither

I don’t usually buy packaged food.

I don’t, either. We don’t, either.My mother doesn’t, either.Jimmy doesn’t, either.

neither do I. (Me neither)neither do we.neither does my mother.neither does Jimmy.

brian isn’t going to come to work today.I am not, either.lee and seth aren’t, either.

neither am I.neither are lee and seth.

the salad wasn’t fresh. The fish wasn’t, either. Neither was the fish.

I didn’t buy pharmacy products at the supermarket.

I didn’t, either.Me neither!

neither did I.

Activity 10

The word “one” is a pronoun used to avoid repeating nouns. For example, in the following expressions “Look at this one.” and “Which one?” in the previous conversation, one is substituting cabinet in the first sentence and entertainment center in the second one.

Don’t forget!

4. Jason isn’t going to buy the new iPod. (Tom)

5. Kathy doesn’t like to use the Iphone. (I)

6. Sharon didn’t attend the new gadget presentation last night. (Peter)

7. Angie wasn’t in the convenience store. (her parents)

UNIT 3


Listen to the following short conversations, and then answer the questions below.

Conversation 11. What’s Cesar trying to buy? 2. What does he think about the first printer?3. Do you think he will buy the second printer?4. Can he afford to buy the small laser printer?5. How much does the ink for the second

printer cost?

Conversation 26. Where did Rene and Carol go first?7. What did they want to do in the lab?8. What was the problem?9. What did they do next?10. Why did they decide to go to the internet cafe?

Answer the following questions by using the words below. More than one word can be used.

Activity 12


1. When you go shopping, what’s more important to you, the price or the quality?

2. Before going shopping, do you plan what you are going to buy?

3. When you go shopping, do you like to go with somebody else or do you prefer to go alone?

4. What’s the last thing you have bought?5. Are you happy with the last item you bought?6. What’s the next item you plan to buy?7. Is it for you or for somebody else?

Activity 14

plastic metal steel

fabrics thread canvas

aluminum glass

wood leather

Examples: What are dresses made of? They’re made of fabrics and thread.

What are glasses made of? They’re made of glass or plastic.

1. What are cell phones made of?2. What are cameras made of?3. What are iPods made of?4. What are bicycles made of?5. What are shoes made of?6. What are jeans made of?

Look around your room or house. Using Activity 14 as a guide, write five questions of your own and answer them.

Lesson core

En esta lección has practicado con diálogos sobre transacciones, haciendo preguntas sobre características, calidad y precio de los objetos, utilizando el idioma inglés. Has practicado con cantidades aplicadas a precios de comidas, objetos, utensilios y muebles para el hogar. Has leído y practicado como preparar un presupuesto mensual. También has aprendido a expresar acuerdo con las ideas de otras personas

Activity 13

In everyday spoken English, it’s common to say “me neither” when somebody agrees with somebody else’s negative statements. For example: I don’t like this hotdog. Me neither. It tastes awful!

What for?Activity 11


Self evaluation

208

UNIT 3

1 3

2 4

Answers:

208

DO PEOPLE SHOP IN MALLS OR MARKETS IN AFRICA?

As work begins on one of the biggest shopping centers in West Africa, in Accra, Ghana, we’re

asking: Where do you shop? In many major cities – from Lusaka to Kampala to Lagos – there has been a wave of construction of shopping malls and now they are part of the shopping landscape, alongside traditional markets. A

typical shopping mall contains shops selling food, clothes and household goods. There are also

restaurants and movie theaters.

4. d

I don’t have enough money to buy that!a) I am, too.b) I did, too.c) I didn’t, either.d) I don’t, either.

The blender costs $25.95 and the toaster $32.25, so the total is __.a) $57.20b) $58.20c) $59.20d) $58.30

Which are two modern electronic objects?a) living room set and plasma TVb) house and internetc) iPod and MP3d) bed and table

The real price of this cell phone is $99.99. Only today, it’s on sale. The price is half the real price. You’re paying __.a) $33.33.b) $49.99.c) $50.99d) $48.99



Unit Three

Getting started!

Conversation and more Listen to and read the conversation between Joe and Pablo. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

A: Hey! What’s up? You look a little tense, Joe B: Yeah, I’m just trying to understand the graph about

family remittances sent to El Salvador on page 122. I have to explain it in my sociology class tomorrow. Can you help me?

A: Sure! Why not?B: So, what do the numbers at the bottom mean?

What about the quantities on the left?A: Relax! Listen to me. Each bar stands for one year.

The numbers you see at the bottom refer to the years 2003 to 2007. The quantities placed on top of each bar represent the exact amount of money sent to people in El Salvador as family remittances. And the numbers on the left form the scale used to control the quantities in the graph.

B: So, can I say that family remittances have increased each year?

A: Yes, you can say that. Also, if you want to compare the figures, you can say that even though the


1. Joe is excited about writing his report.2. Pablo didn’t help Joe interpret the graph.3. Each bar in the graphic represents a year.4. The numbers on top of each bar refer to the number

of Salvadoran families who receive remittances.5. Pablo doesn’t feel better after talking to Joe.

Achievement indicators I can discriminate numbers from 1000 up to 1,000,000 from recordings and other oral input.

Activity 1

¿Sabes cual es el área geográfica de El Salvador?

¿Cuál es la población del país y de sus departamentos?

¿Cómo se leen las cantidades grandes en inglés?

Además de usar los números para expresar medidas de áreas, distancias, poblaciones, etc. ¿que otros usos les encuentras tú?

hoW bIG Is your Country?

Lesson 3

annual remittances show an increase, this has diminished each year. The increase has gone from 21.01% in 2004 to 6.07% in 2007.

B: Wow! That’s really interesting. With your help I feel like I’m ready for my class. Thank you very much!

A: Don’t mention it! Good luck!

UNIT 3


Glossary: Population: the number of people or inhabitants in a country or region.

Enrich your vocabulary Study the following table that contains numbers from 1,000 to 1,000,000.

Numbers How to read them Numbers How to read them1,000 one thousand 9,000 nine thousand2,000 two thousand 20,000 twenty thousand4,000 four thousand 45,000 forty-five thousand6,000 six thousand 70,000 seventy thousand

6,945six thousand nine hundred and forty- five

90,223ninety thousand

two hundred and twenty- three

7,000 seven thousand 95,509ninety- five thousand

five hundred and nine

8,000 eight thousand 1,000,000 one million

Read the following sentences. Rewrite the quantities in letters.

1. There were 106,231 female students and 97,025 male students in high school in El Salvador in 2007.

2. An average number of 3,500 students graduate yearly at the University of El Salvador.

3. There are about 23,415 teachers working in high schools in El Salvador.

4. There are approximately 105,225 teachers working in primary schools in El Salvador.

5. All students from the professorship programs have to get a score of 2,525 on the exam administered by the Ministry of Education to be able to graduate.

Activity 2

Using the table above, write ten sentences about the population, area per km² and inhabitants per km² of El Salvador’s departments. Follow these examples:

Examples:1. The total population of El Salvador is five million,

seven hundred forty- four thousand, five hundred and seventy- five.

2. The total extension of El Salvador is twenty- one thousand and forty km².

El Salvador: Population and density/km² of departments with most population, 2007.

Departments Total Population

Area in Km²

Inhabitants per Km²

Total 5,744,575 21,040 273san salvador 1,567,805 886 1,769la libertad 660,831 1,652 400sonsonate 438,786 1,225 358santa ana 523,294 2,023 259

ahuachapán 319,425 1,239 258san Miguel 433,946 2,077 209

usulután 344,163 2,130 162

Activity 3

Density: the average number of individuals per km². Area: the total range over which the department extends.

UNIT 3


Time to readRead the following passage about remittances. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

At least 2.5 million Salvadorans live in other countries, mainly in the United States. Data published by the Banco Central de Reserva indicates that family remittances from Salvadorans living abroad totaled US$2.5 billion in 2004, which are used mainly for basic consumption. In El Salvador, as in Mexico, the recipient families lack the basic financial products and services that would allow them to invest part of the money received in productive projects. The main reason is the same: the remittance flows are mainly done on a cash-to-cash basis rather than using the financial sector.


Activity 4

Decide whether the following statements are true or false based on the reading above.

1. At least 2.5 million Salvadorans were living abroad in 2004, mainly in the United States.

2. Recipient families in El Salvador and Mexico lack the services that would allow them to invest part of the money received in productive projects.

3. The money received by Salvadorans through family remittances is used to invest.

4. Remittance flows from the exterior to El Salvador is transacted in currency notes or cash.

5. Salvadorans use the money they receive mainly for consumption.

Each family’s budget may vary, but there are a few items that will be the same in any budget. All budgets consist of a monthly net income and the budgeted expenses, which include all the items that need to be paid to support the family’s standard of living and basic needs. Calculate the total of your family’s net income, what you and your family members earn in one month, and your family’s expenses in one month. Is your family’s total net income greater than your family’s total costs and expenses? Subtract the total costs and expenses from the total net income. What is the amount or balance? Is this number a positive or a negative number?

Hands on! 3C

Words Meanings

1 data A not having enough of something that is needed or wanted

2 remittances B permit

3 abroad C to use the money with the goal of making a profit from it

4 consumption D a sum of money sent to another place plus a service charge

5 recipient E supplies of money moving from one place to another

6 lack F information, especially numbers

7 allow G in a foreign country

8 invest H spending money to satisfy basic needs or desires

9 flows I the person who receives the money

Activity 5

Glossary: Notes: bills.

UNIT 3


Time to readStudy the following graph about remittances in El Salvador.


1. Do you think remittances are important for Salvadoran people?

2. Do you know any family who is supported by their relatives living in the US?

3. How do you explain the difference between the totals of the years 2003 and 2007?

4. What do the people that you know and who receive remittances use the money for?

5. Do these people have a job here?

Activity 8Answer the following questions about the graph.

1. How many years does the graph include?2. Which year shows the lowest amount of family

remittances?3. Which year shows the highest amount of family

remittances?4. Calculate the difference of remittances between

the year 2006 and 2007. 5. When does the highest increase of family

remittances take place?

Activity 6


Activity 7

Words Meanings

1 increase A the highest point, level or part of something

2 highest B the lowest part or place

3 lowest C to move up in number or value

4 bottom D the amount, value or degree that is above all others

5 top E smallest in number or amount

20032,105.30

20042,547.60

20053,017.20

20063,470.90

20073,695.30

$0.00

$500.00

$1000.00

$1500.00

$2000.00

$2500.00

$3000.00

$3500.00

$4,000.00

UNIT 3


Language in use Comparative and superlative degrees of adjectivesThe comparative form of adjectives is used to compare two people, places or things. Comparatives: adjective + -er; for words with one or two syllables. If words end in y, change the -y to -i, then add -er. If the word has three or more syllables use more + adjective. After the comparative, use the word than to indicate the thing you are comparing. The superlative form of adjectives is used to compare more than two people, places or things. Superlatives: adjective + -est; for words with one or two syllables. If words end in y, change the -y to -i, then add –est. When the adjective has three or more syllables, use most + adjective. Study the following examples:

Adjective Comparative Superlativebig bigger than the biggest

attractive more attractive than

the most attractive

cheap cheaper than the cheapest

interesting more interesting than

the most interesting

pretty prettier than the prettiest

Look at the examples below.

1. Honduras is bigger than El Salvador.2. Brazil is the biggest country in South America.3. These flowers are prettier that those ones. 4. These orchids are the prettiest flowers of all.5. This topic is more difficult than the first one.6. This is the most interesting short story I have

ever read.

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.

1. This is one of the __ places in the country. (famous)

2. Karla is __ her twin sister, but Marlene is the __ of the tree. (tall)

3. Veronica is __ than Lorena. (attractive)

4. Rene isn’t __ in football than his brother is. (interested)

5. John is the youngest in the family. Who’s the __? (old)

6. Today is __ than yesterday, right? (hot)

7. What’s __ a plant pot or a bag of flower seeds? (cheap)

Activity 9

Write sentences comparing the objects and people in the following illustrations. You may use the comparative and superlative form of the adjectives given. Study the example below.

Example: The airplane is faster than the train.

Activity 10

1.

2.

3.

5.4.

UNIT 3


Time to readStudy the following chart with stadiums with the biggest capacities in the world.

Complete the sentences with the stadiums’ capacities. Write the quantities in letters. Follow the example below.

Example: The capacity of Rungrado May Day stadium is one hundred and fifty thousand.

1. The capacity of Salt Lake Stadium is ___.2. The capacity of Azteca Stadium is ___.3. The capacity of Azadi Stadium is ___.4. The capacity of Camp Nou Stadium is ___.5. The capacity of Ohio Stadium is ___.

Activity 11

Do some research. Find the information for the following questions.

1. What’s the capacity of Cuscatlán Stadium in El Salvador?

2. What’s the capacity of Jorge Mágico González Stadium in El Salvador?

3. Which is bigger, the Cuscatlán Stadium or Jorge Mágico González Stadium?

4. What’s the height of the San Salvador Volcano? 5. What’s the height of El Pital? 6. Which is higher, the San Salvador Volcano or

El Pital?

Activity 13

Stadium Capacity City Countryrungrado May day stadium 150,000 pyongyang north

Koreasalt lake stadium 120,000 Calcutta India

ohio stadium 105,568 ohio u.s.azteca stadium 105,000 Mexico

City Mexico

azadi stadium 100,000 tehran IranCamp nou

stadium 98,772 barcelona spain

Answer the following questions based on the information from the table above.

1. Which is the stadium with the largest capacity?2. Where is the biggest stadium located?3. Which stadium is bigger, Azteca or Camp Nou?4. Which country has a larger stadium, Spain

or Mexico?5. Which stadium has a larger capacity, Ohio or Azteca?

Activity 12

When somebody asks “What’s the capacity of the place?”, that person is asking how many people can fit there.

What for?

UNIT 3



1. The most popular touristic center in El Salvador is ___.

A. Los Chorros B. Amapulapa C. Ichanmichen D. Apuzunga

2. What’s the coolest place in El Salvador? A. San Miguel B. El Pital C. Morazan D. San Salvador

3. Which is the cheapest product? A. Radio $55.00 B. Watch $23.00 C. TV $99.00 D. CD player $55.00

4. Which item is the most expensive? A. Radio $55.00 B. Watch $23.00 C. TV $99.00 D. CD player $55.00

5. Which is the most populated department in El Salvador?

A. San Miguel B. San Salvador C. La Libertad D. Usulutan

Activity 14

Do some research. See if you can find the following information.

1. Find out which locations in San Salvador measure more than 1,000 square meters.

2. Find out which are the tallest buildings in San Salvador, and write their heights in numbers and letters.

3. Find out the areas of Lake Guija and Lake Ilopango, and write the areas in numbers and letters.

4. Find out which are the widest and the narrowest streets in San Salvador are.

Activity 16

Glossary: Height: the noun form of high, for example: The height of El Pital is 2,730 meters.

Answer the following questions.

1. Last year Roberto spent $6,000 in food. He paid $9,000 for rent and $450 for house bills. He used $500.00 for other expenditures. How much did he spend last year?

2. Lorena spent $6,250 in food. She paid $8,300 for rent and $325 for house bills. She used $7,550 for other expenditures. How much did she spend last year?

3. Who spent more, Roberto or Lorena?4. Who spent less on food, Lorena or Roberto?5. Who paid more for rent, Lorena or Roberto?

Activity 15

Lesson core

En esta lección has llevado a la práctica los números de 1,000 a 1,000,000 trabajando con poblaciones y extensiones de lugares así como precios de productos y capacidades de estadios. Has leído sobre los totales de remesas familiares del 2003 al 2007. Adicionalmente has trabajado con adjetivos, comparando las características de las cosas y diferentes lugares.


Self evaluation

216

1 3

2 4

LARGE NUMBERS

Answers:

UNIT 3

Large numbers are often used to express monetary values at a global or national level.

They are also used in the fields of science to express very large abstract values. They can express large positive integers, or more

generally, large positive real numbers, but they may also be used to express decimals.

Very large numbers often occur in fields such as mathematics, astrology and oceanography. Sometimes people refer to numbers as being

“astronomically large”. However, it is possible to define numbers in mathematical terms that are

even larger than those used in astronomy.

4. b

What’s the money sent to El Salvador by a Salvadoran family’s relatives living in the U.S. called?a) family giftsb) family presentsc) family remittancesd) money

Which is the correct way to read this number 234,325?a) Twenty-three forty three and twenty fiveb) Two hundred thirty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-fivec) Two hundreds thirty-four thousands three hundreds and twenty-fived) Two three four three two five

I have three brothers and one sister living in the U.S. My __ brother pays for our studies here. a) more oldestb) oldc) newd) oldest

What kind of loan do you need to buy a house?a) credit cardb) personal loanc) loan from a friendd) mortgage loan



Unit Three

Activity 1

Getting started!


A: It’s time for us to talk about the home we want to buy. As we agreed, I have checked newspapers and the internet, and I think we can apply for property in this neighborhood. If we add your salary and mine, the total is above the required amount to be considered as home buyers.

B: You really have been working! How many rooms do these houses have?

A: They have three bedrooms, a living room, a dining room, a small kitchen, a two-car garage and a small patio. These houses have different areas: 114 m², 150 m² and 175 m².

B: And what are the prices?A: There are three prices: $49,500.00, $55,775.00

and $63,900.00. The price depends on the size of the house.

B: I think we should go to the bank and get more


1. Mary thinks they are ready to become home buyers.2. The price of the houses is the same though they

have different sizes.3. They have the required monthly net income.4. Mary and Nick need to ask for a personal loan to

buy the house.5. Nick agrees that it is time to start looking for a

new house.

Achievement indicators I can express prices, food quality, appliances and other objects using

comparatives and superlatives. I can use numbers to pay for shopping transactions.

Getting started!

¿Dónde te gustaría tener una propiedad, en el área rural o en la urbana? ¿Qué tan diferentes son las casas en el área rural y el área urbana?¿Qué hacen las personas regularmente para obtener una propiedad?¿Por qué los precios de las propiedades varían?

What’s the averaGe prICe of a house In thIs CIty?

Lesson 4

information about what we need in order to qualify for a mortgage loan, including the interest rates and the down payment. I understand that our options will be affected by our credit.

A: Ok! Let’s go and see what we can afford.

UNIT 3


The abbreviation “m²” is read “square meter(s)”, and it’s used for measuring areas. For example: The width of this property is 65 m².

What for?

Glossary: Width: the area or measurement across a place or an object.

Time to readReal estate for sale in El SalvadorLook at the following list of properties that are for sale. Analyze the areas, locations and prices.

Location Area Pricesan Juan opico, la libertad, rural area 105 m2 $66,775.00

Cojutepeque, Monte san Juan, rural area 88 m2 $45,000.00san francisco neighborhood, san Miguel, rural area 82.27 m2 $44,000.00

santa teresa, santa tecla, urban area 125 m2 $155,750.00Montesion, villas de suiza santa tecla, urban area 98.72 m2 $98,000.00

Mejicanos, san salvador, urban area 96 m2 $49,550.00barrio santa lucia, san vicente, urban area 66 m2 $35,000.00

Fill in the blanks in the following conversation using the comparatives and superlatives below.

Activity 2

Based on the table above, answer the following questions.

1. How much is the house in Santa Teresa?2. Why is the house in Santa Teresa more expensive

than the one in Montesion?3. What’s the area of the house in Montesion?4. In which neighborhood would you like to have

a house?5. Which house would you like to buy? Why?

Activity 3

largest most cheapest

least expensive smallest

A: Are you interested in any of these properties?B: In fact, I’m interested in the house in San Miguel. I

have some relatives in that area, and I frequently go to visit them.

A: You have chosen the _(1)_ house in the rural area, but it is the _(2)_ beautiful house and has a lot of fruit trees in the surrounding area Would you like to take a look at these pictures of the house in Santa Teresa neighborhood? This house has the _(3)_ area that I can offer you.

B: No. If we are talking about houses in an urban area, I would prefer the one in San Vicente. It’s the _(4)_ one but it’s the _(5)_ .

UNIT 3



1. Does your house look like any of the illustrations above?

2. What’s your house or apartment made of, bricks, adobe or wood?

3. How do you like your house?4. Are there different kinds of houses in your

neighborhood?5. Is it possible to house other people in your house?

Activity 5

Time to readRead the following passage. Look up any new words in a dictionary.


1. What’s the word used to refer to dwelling or a building for human living?

2. Which people used rudimentary huts as houses?3. What’s a high-rise apartment building?4. Which are the synonyms used for house in

the reading?5. What’s a household?

A budget usually begins with the bank account balance in January of the budgeted year as well as the sum of unpaid items from the previous year. So, based on this, you will design the format and the contents of your own budget. As in the example of page 114, you may want to include the predicted cash at month end which is the sum of the total monthly net income and any savings you may have. By now, you have the format and the basic information for your monthly budget.

Hands on! 3DActivity 4

What makes a house?A house generally refers to a shelter or building that is a dwelling place inhabitated by human beings. The term includes many kinds of dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to high-rise apartment buildings. However, the word can also be used as a verb, for example “to house” means to keep guests. It can be used as an adjective as well. In some contexts, “house” may mean the same as dwelling, residence, home, abode, accommodation, lodge, among other meanings. The social unit that lives in a house is known as a household. Most commonly a household is a family unit of some kind, including parents and their children. However, households can also include other social groups, such as single people or groups of unrelated individuals.

UNIT 3


Time to readWhat does franchise mean? Are you investing when you buy a franchise? Listen to and read the following passages on franchising.

The idea of franchising makes you think of fast food restaurants or real estate brokers. But did you know that almost any type of business could be a franchise? That is because a franchise is merely a legal document that defines a commercial relationship between the owner of a trademark, service mark, trade name or advertising symbol and an individual or group that wants to use that identification in business.


Activity 6


1. What’s the franchise offered in Fast-teks?2. What’s the franchise offered in Regis?3. What’s the current estimated value computer

service market?4. Which is the expected growth by the end of 2006?5. What’s the initial investment for the Regis franchise?6. What’s the franchise fee for the 1st salon?7. What’s the franchise fee for an additional salon?

Words Meanings

1 trade mark A any word, phrase, symbol, design, or any combination of these items used to distinguish the products or services of one person or organization from those of another.

2 franchisor B a person who owns something.

3 franchisee C to have something that legally belongs to you.

4 own D someone who takes or buys a franchise.

5 owner E someone who gives or sells a franchise.

Time to readRead about the following franchising opportunities and find out how much is needed to invest in each one. Join Fast-teks and cash in on the exciting world of on-site computer services!

More than 6 million computers in the United States will need replacing or upgrading within the next few years. As consumers and businesses rely more on technology, outsourcing of computer specialists will continue to grow.

The computer service market is estimated to be over $25 billion, with growth expected to exceed $47 billion by the end of 2006. There may not be a better time than now to enter the computer service marketplace.

Become part of the best in the business!Regis is the largest in the hair-care industry… and the best! What makes us the best???

1. Unsurpassed retail brand recognition 2. Unparalleled training and support 3. Two revenue channels, backed by the tremendous

buying power of our product lines 4. Global marketing and advertising strategy 5. Stability of 80+ years of salon experience

Initial investment $108,790 - $ 125,890Franchise fee: 1st salon $22,500 and each additional salon $12,500.

Activity 7

UNIT 3


Language in use Irregular comparative and superlative forms of certain adjectivesStudy the tables below.

Adjective Comparative Superlativegood better than the bestbad worse than the worstlittle less than the least

much, many, some more than the most

far further than the furthest

Complete the following sentences with the correct comparative or superlative.

1. Sugars are the __ essential items in our diet. (little, less, least)

2. San Miguel is farther from San Salvador than Santa Ana. La Union is the __. (far, further, the furthest)

3. Which is the __ important item for a student, a calculator, a cell phone or a CD player? (little, less, least).

4. Who consumes __ meat, you or your brother? (much, more, the most)

5. What’s __, to lose money or to lose an item you just bought? (bad, worse, the worst)

6. Which is the __ idea you have ever had? (good, better, best)

7. I have more friends at school than you, but Joseph has __ in our group. (much, more than, the most)

Adjective Comparative SuperlativeCarlos is good at Math. Juan is better than Carlos. sonia is the best of all.fred’s idea was bad. evelyn’s idea was worse than fred’s. raul’s idea was the worst.I need some money. Cecil needs more money than I do. ann needs the most of the three.

My teacher has little patience. betty’s teacher has less patience than yours.

the school principal has the least patience of all.

Carlos has many friends. bob has more friends than Carlos. bill has the most friends of the three.Mary adds just a little sugar to her coffee.

elsie adds less sugar to her coffee than Mary.

frank adds the least sugar to his coffee of the three.

Some adjectives do not take the comparative or superlative form because they already express comparison, such as: unique, perfect, complete, principal, inevitable, impossible, ideal, absolute, and some others. For examples: She’s unique. This work is perfect. Their divorce was inevitable.

Don’t forget!

Examples:

Activity 8

UNIT 3


Language in use

A brand new bicycle is as expensive as a motorcycle.

Making comparisonsA. When two things are equal, use the pattern: as

+adjective + as.

Look at the following examples:1. A popular name brand bike is as expensive as a

motorcycle.2. Apple pie is as tasty as pineapple pie.3. I am as happy as my best friend. 4. Girls are as intelligent as boys in all schools.5. The beaches in El Salvador are as beautiful as

the volcanoes.

Apple pie is as tasty as pineapple pie.

Cats are as friendly as dogs.

B. When two things are not equal, use the pattern: not as + adjective + as.

Look at the following examples:1. Apartments are not as expensive as houses.2. Watching TV is not as relaxing as reading a book.3. Candy is not as healthy as cereal.4. I am not as thin as Susan.5. Mountain climbers are not as popular as surfers in

this country.

Complete the following sentences to show comparison.

1. The book One Hundred Years of Solitude is ___ One Day in Life. (good)

2. Duck meat is ___ chicken meat. (delicious)

3. Cell phones in the rural area are ___ in the urban area. (popular)

4. Preparing lasagna is ___ preparing paella. (complicated)

5. A big house in the urban area is ___ a house at the beach. (expensive)

6. I don’t see any difference. This street looks ___ the other one. (bad)

Activity 9 Activity 10Complete the following sentences which refer to things that are not equal.

1. This coffee isn’t ___ the tea. (hot)

2. A normal TV isn’t ___ a plasma TV. (expensive)

3. Chalatenango isn’t ___ San Salvador. (populated)

4. The Izalco Volcano isn’t ___ The Chinchontepec Volcano. (high)

5. 25th North Avenue isn’t ___ Los Heroes Boulevard. (wide)

6. My neighborhood isn’t ___ yours. (nice)

UNIT 3


Fill in the blanks with adjectives to complete the following sentences.

1. The house was as __ as the apartment.2. This apartment isn’t as __ as the first one.3. Mary is as __ as Carlos at mathematics.4. Understanding a graph isn’t as __ as it looks.5. Joe runs as __ as Peter and John.

Activity 11Choose the letter that best answers each question.

1. Which is the longest river in North America? A. Mississippi B. Missouri C. Rio Grande

2. Which river is longer than the Yukon? A. Saint Lawrence B. Rio Grande C. Churchill

3. What’s the world’s highest volcano? A. Chimborazo in Ecuador B. Nevados Ojos del Salado on the border of

Chile and Argentina C. Coropuna in Peru

Activity 13

Listen to the conversation, and complete the following conversation by filling in the blanks with the words provided below.

Activity 12

A: This is the _(1)_ important topic we have studied this year.

B: In my opinion that topic was the _(2)_ important one. It has a lot of application in life.

A: You may be right, but don’t tell me you don’t agree with me. The English classes were _(3)_ this year than last year.

B: You have to say that we were _(4)_ motivated to learn than last year, right?

A: Absolutely. Thank you for reminding me.

more least most better

Lesson core

¿Qué te ha parecido esta lección? Has practicado escuchando diálogos y lecturas sobre la compra de una casa, lo que se entiende por casa, las distintas palabras que se usan para hablar de este tema y has apreciado diferentes tipos de casas en las ilustraciones. En esta lección también has practicado comparando cosas que tienen la misma característica o que presentan diferencia en la misma.


Self evaluation

224

1 3

2 4

Answers:

UNIT 3

224

How __ is this property? a) manyb) muchc) costd) costs

What’s a synonym for house?a) schoolb) lodgingc) hospitald) park

What’s the constructed area of this property?a) The garageb) The roofc) It’s 79 square metersd) The walls

I have a little money, Lorena has less, and Betty has the __ of the three.a) mostb) leastc) somed) a lot

1. b 4. b

BUYING A HOME

One of the keys to making the home buying process easier and more understandable is

clear information. Whether you are a first-time home buyer or entering the marketplace as a

repeat buyer, the more you know, the more likely you are to effectively define your goals. The

House Hunting In Toronto website, your online information guide for real estate in Toronto, is a

perfect starting point for finding the right home at the right price. Here you will find comprehensive

information about each aspect of the home buying process, easy access to hundreds of

other useful websites, and numerous tools and resources that will come in handy as well.



Getting started!


A: Good afternoon, Mr. Quintanilla.B: Good afternoon, Sir. I’m here for an interview for the

photographer position.A: Ok, but please call me Steve.B: Ok. And you can call me Bob.A: Bob, tell me about your previous experience. Have you

worked with professional digital cameras before?B: Not really. I have worked as a photographer but not with

digital cameras. I have one of my own and I learned to use it by myself. I think that with a little training I can learn to use a digital camera better.

A: I’m sorry, but we need somebody with experience. We are ready to start the project and there’s no time to train anyone.

B: But I …Steve …A: I’m sorry. Next!


1. Bob knows how to handle digital cameras very well.2. Bob has experience with digital cameras.3. They need a person with experience because they

have a new project.4. Steve’s going to hire Bob.5. Steve’s interviewing more applicants.

I can calculate, understand, and express numbers for a shopping transaction.

Achievement indicators I can correctly express superlative degrees on prices and quality of

food, appliances and other objects.

Activity 1

Getting started!

¿Qué significa era digital?

¿Cuántas personas tienen acceso a Internet en el país?

¿Cuáles son las características de la computadora que te gustaría tener?

¿Has escuchado sobre las comunidades en línea?

are you Into neW teChnoloGy?

Lesson 5Unit Three

UNIT 3


Fill in the blanks with words from the Activity 2.

1. I like this laptop because it’s small and it isn’t heavy. It’s __.

2. I don’t like to play __ games in my computer because it requires a lot of memory.

3. My brother bought a __ computer. He decided what to have and what not to have.

4. I’m __ the English report again. It has too many mistakes and unnecessary information.

5. I have some __ about my new printer. It shuts down with no reason. It has to be checked.

Activity 4

Time to readRead the following paragraph about some of the features you may consider when buying a computer. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

These days computers have so many options and so many features that it’s hard to choose what’s right for you. What’s most important to look for when buying a desktop or laptop computer? Is portability a concern, or do you want to be able to take your computer from your home to your office? Are running complex 3D games and video editing important features? Is it better to have a Windows personal computer versus a Macintosh, a mouse or a touchpad? Is it better to buy a preconfigured or custom-built computer?


1. Would you like to have a desktop or a laptop computer?2. Do you think that a computer is more useful if it’s

able to run 3D games?3. In your opinion, is a computer better if it runs a

video editing program?4. Is it easier for you to work at the computer with a

mouse or a touchpad?5. For you, what are the two most important features

when buying a computer?

Activity 3

Match the following words about computers on the left to their meanings on the right.

Activity 2

Words Meanings

1 features A trusted because it works or performs well

2 portability B previously built or prepared

3 concern C built based on what the customer asks for

4 complex D involving a lot of different but related parts

5 editing E preparing film for printing or viewing by correcting mistakes and deciding what will be removed and what will be kept

6 preconfigured F being light and small enough to be easily carried or moved

7 custom-built G worry

8 reliability H typical qualities or important parts of something

UNIT 3


Time to readRead the following passage to find out how the archivists’, librarians’ and record managers’ work is changing in the digital era. Look up any new words in a dictionary.

It’s time to add eleven columns for the rest of the months of the year and predict your income and expenses for each month. Make sure that the budgeted expenses amount is the same or smaller than the monthly net income. You have your annual budget now! Congratulations!

Hands on! 3E


1. Would you like to have a desktop or a laptop computer?2. Do you think that a computer is more useful if it’s

able to run 3D games?3. In your opinion, is a computer better if it runs a

video editing program?4. Is it easier for you to work at the computer with a

mouse or a touchpad?5. For you, what are the two most important features

when buying a computer?

Activity 6

Glossary: Peripheral: something that is not as important as something else:

Answer the following questions about the reading.

1. What’s happening with the work of archivists, librarians and record managers?

2. What’s happening with the materials these professionals work with?

3. What kind of documents have these professionals handled for decades?

4. Which other machine readable materials have archivists worked with?

5. Which materials do many archivists put in a separate box at the end of the collection?

Activity 5Activity 7

Fill in the blanks with the words given below.

1. A __ is a piece of information or a description of an event written on paper or stored on a computer. Pedro is the records manager.

2. Maria takes care of archives. She’s an __.3. __ are examples of moving images.4. Ernest became a __ 10 years ago. He’s been

working at the library since.5. __ are examples of audio recordings.

archivist record tapes

librarian films

New skills for the digital eraThe work of archivists, librarians, and records managers is changing at a fundamental level. The very materials with which these professions work are undergoing a radical transformation. For decades, these information professionals have handled a combination of physical documents composed of text formed with ink on paper, photographs made of silver or dye on papers and plastics, or other familiar formats. Archivists have also worked with machine readable materials such as audio recordings (records, wire recordings, tapes, and CDs) and moving images (film, videotape, and DVDs), but these formats were a small portion of the collections and often considered a specialty. Many archivists put these odd materials in a separate box at the end of the collection, treating them as peripheral to the “real” records. The approach of concentrating on traditional formats and isolating the non-textual ones as supplementary is no longer valid.

UNIT 3


Enrich your vocabularyWhich of the following technology are you familiar with?


1. What does Louis want to buy?2. Will Louis buy the camera for $99.99?3. What does Louis think about the price?4. What is Albert going to do?5. Does Louis want to see more video cameras?

As you listen to the following conversation, fill in the blanks with the words given below.

Activity 8

digital camera video camera sporty MP3 player

A: Can you help me, please? I’m looking for a video _(1)_.

B: Yes, there’s one model that is on _(2)_. Would you like to see it?

A: Yes! B: This camera has player _(3)_ with optional

_(4)_, flash and internal _(5)_ of 16 MB and a rechargeable _(6)_.

best camera video battery memory

sale $99.99 cheaper audio

Glossary: Change one’s mind: to have a different idea.Gadget: a small electronic device or machine with a particular purpose.

A: This is more or less what I need. How much is it? B: It’s only _(7)_!A: Ah! Show me something _(8)_, please.B: I’m going to show you three more models to find

the _(9)_ one for you.A: Thank you, but I have changed my mind. Show me a

digital camera instead, please.B: Sure. Come this way, please.

Activity 9

UNIT 3


Answer the questions based on the information in the previous table.

1. How many internet users were there in the year 2000 in El Salvador?

2. Did the number of people connected to the internet grow or decrease in 2003?

3. How many people were connected to the internet in 2005?

4. Compare the percentages of people who were connected to the internet in 2000 and 2008? Why do you think this percentage has increased?

5. Are you an internet user?6. What have you used the internet for recently?

Enrich your vocabularyDo you know what this picture contains? It’s a virtual community.

Answer the questions with your own information.

1. Would you like to join an online community?2. Would you like to join an Eco-village or

Co-op community?3. Do you think e-communities are useful for learning

in different areas?4. Do you know anyone who belongs to a

virtual community?5. Facebook and Hi5 are examples of e-communities.

Can you name others?

A virtual community, e-community or online community is a group of people that primarily interact via communication media such as newsletters, telephone, email, online social networks or instant messaging rather than face to face. A virtual community exists for social, professional, educational or other purposes.

Activity 11

Time to readStudy the table below.

Internet usage and population growth in El Salvador

Year Users Population Percentage2000 40,000 5,963,800 0.6%2003 550,000 6,281,600 8.5%2005 587,500 6,467,548 9.1%2008 700,000 7,066,403 9.9%

When buying any item, you have to understand what you are really getting. Ask for all the information you consider important about the item you will purchase. This is the time to use Information questions.

Don’t forget!

Activity 10

UNIT 3


Language in use Uses of the coordinating conjunctions “or”, “but” or “and”A conjunction is a word or group of words that connects words, phrases or clauses that have the same level of importance in the sentence.

The conjunction “and” is used to indicate addition. Examples:

1. I need a computer and a printer. 2. Helen, Miriam and I are going to work on the

night shift today.3. This iPod is nice and cheap.

The conjunction “but” is used to indicate contrast.Examples:

1. I want to buy this blender, but I don’t have enough money.

2. My sister doesn’t like this cell phone, but I do.3. The teachers stayed at school, but the students

went to the shopping center.

The conjunction “or” is used to give or state alternatives.Examples:

1. Do you want to look for the information on the Internet or do you want to go to the library?

2. Would you like to get an iPod or an mp3 player?3. We have to finish our house chores before noon

today or we can’t go shopping for our Christmas gifts.

Join the following pairs of sentences with “or”, “and” or “but”.

Examples: I like the cabinet’s size. I like the cabinet’s color. I like the cabinet’s size and color.

I’d like to buy this table. It’s too small. I’d like to buy the table, but it’s too small.

1. The customer needs a can opener. He needs a toaster.

2. Bring the CD player. Bring the mp3. We can use any of them.

3. I like the table’s color and size. The table is expensive.

4. My friend bought a living room set. My friend bought a bookcase.

5. I’m going to buy the night tables. I’m not going to buy the lamps.

6. Katy chose a brown dining room set. They sent her a red dining room set.

7. Lesley likes the entertainment cabinet. The cabinet is too small for her living room.

8. Would you like to see the blue cell phone? Would you like to see the red one?

Activity 12

In the sentence, “Everybody but Luis arrived on time for classes.” “but” means “except”. Here are some other examples where but means “except”… Everybody but Rene received a gift. I can work with anybody but Rose.

Don’t forget!

UNIT 3


Rewrite the sentences with the quantities in letters.

1. A good custom-built brand laptop costs about $1,850.00.

2. This house costs $75,560.3. Which camera are you going to buy, the one that

costs $1,025 or the other one?4. The statistics demonstrate that there were

700,000 Salvadoran people connected to the internet this year.

5. 700,000 represents only a 9.9% of the population of El Salvador which is about 7,066,403 people.

Activity 15

Complete the following sentences by using the words provided below. Look up the meanings in a dictionary if you need help.

Activity 13

odd isolated undergoing

features complex

1. Which __ would you like for your computer? This new model has a hard disk of 120 GB.

2. I want a simple cell phone. I hate __ things. I only want it for making and receiving calls.

3. The world economy is __ great changes. More and more people do not have a permanent job

4. These products need to be __. They may contaminate the others.

5. Your behavior with your parents was __. Why did you yell at them?

Complete the following phrases to form sentences or question.

1. I love the digital era, but …2. Decide if you want the iPod or . . .3. The students in this row are going to form team 1,

and …4. You are going to be working with ink on paper,

photographs made of silver or dye on papers and plastics, or …

5. What’s easier to use, a mouse or…?

Activity 14

Lesson core

En esta lección has aprendido sobre la era digital y las habilidades que los profesionales como los bibliotecarios y los fotógrafos, entre otros, deben desarrollar con el uso de la nueva tecnología. A través de las lecturas has comprendido sobre las comunidades en línea y has practicado un poco con los números aplicados al total de usuarios salvadoreños conectados a Internet con relación a la población desde 2000 al 2008. También has practicado con las conjunciones “and, or and but”.


Self evaluation

232

UNIT 3

1 3

2 4

Answers:

232

DISTANCE EDUCATION

Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on delivering education to students who are not physically “on site” at a college or university. Rather than attending courses in person, teachers

and students may communicate whenever they choose by exchanging printed or electronic

media through “on-line” Internet technology that allows them to communicate in real time or by other means. Distance education courses that require a physical “on-site” presence for any

reason,including the taking of examinations, is considered to be a hybrid or blended course

of study.

4. a

Which are examples of equipment that librarians use in modern times?a) desksb) scanners and computersc) microphonesd) Polaroid cameras

Portable means ___ .a) easy to carryb) heavyc) newd) old

An online community can also be called a/an ___ .a) computer communityb) university communityc) virtual communityd) internet community

Which are examples of media used to communicate by virtual communities?a) emailb) telephonec) friendsd) TV

Choose the letter or letters that best answer each question or statement.

english 235

Answer Key


Hands on!

Purpose

The purpose of this project was to guide you step by step to set up your own viable annual budget in English. Now that you have your budget ready, you will have better control of your finances, be able to keep track of your expenditures, and be able to concentrate on those items that will allow you to have both financial and personal reward.

Theory and practice

As in the previous projects, this one has been developed through five phases. By following the directions given, you were expected to set up your own annual budget. Remember to keep in mind that the objective of an effective budget is to give you better control over the administration of your income and the expenditures.

Development

Before setting up your budget, you should:Make sure you have listed all your monthly expenses and you have calculated the exact amount of your monthly net income. Also make sure that the total amount of your budgeted expenses is less than the total monthly net income. If the amount of your budgeted expenses is larger than your total monthly net income, try to reduce the amounts of the items considered less important. It is a good idea to assign al least a small amount to your savings whenever possible.

Wrap up

A budget allows you to have control over the money you really have. Suppose you’re organizing a party with your classmates, a budget would be very useful to calculate how much each one will have to contribute. Depending on how much money you collected, you may also decide what to include in the celebration budget. Another example is the supermarket shopping list which you can prepare based on the money assigned for this purpose.

“My annual budget”

Activity 10: Answers may vary. Activity 11: 1. 40,000 2. It grew. 3. 587,500

4-6. Answers may vary.Activity 12: 1. and 2. or 3. but 4. and 5. but 6. but

7. but 8. or Activity 13: 1. features 2. complex 3. undergoing

4. isolated 5. odd

Activity 14: Answers may vary.Activity 15: 1. one thousand eight hundred and

fifty dollars 2. seventy-five thousand five hundred and sixty dollars 3. one thousand twenty-five dollars 4. seven hundred thousand dollars 5. nine point nine percent/ seven million sixty-six thousand four hundred and three


ResourcesFor more on food:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FoodFor the complete article on supermarkets:

http://www.slowtrav.com/italy/foodshops/supermarkets.htm

For more on technology and gadgets:http://www.newelectronicgadgets.net/http://rpm.lib.az.us/NewSkills/Proceedings_Preprint.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_community

For the complete story on shopping centers in Africa:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4618112.stm

For more on budgeting:

http://www.sideroad.com/Budgeting/family_budget_example.htmlhttp://www.ourfamilyplace.com/budget.htmlhttp://www.languageguide.org/im/num/eng/

For more on remittances: http://naid.ucla.edu/ImmigrantRemittanceCorridors.htm http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/index.html http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/index.html

For more practice with numbers and statistics:http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/stadium_list/100000.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_numbershttp://www.internetworldstats.com/am/sv.htmhttp://www.internetworldstats.com/am/sv.htm

For more on franchising:http://www.entre-ed.org/_teach/fran-act.htm

For the complete articles on houses and house hunting:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houses http://www.househuntingintoronto.com/buying/http://www.tmweb.com/basics.asphttp://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/1979/grammar/sobutorand.html

For use of dictionaries or encyclopedia: http://dictionary.cambridge.orghttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astonished

ENGLISH - Bachillerato virtual, a distancia, online, en … Grade - english 197 Enrich your...

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