ENGLISH ACCENTS AROUND THE WORLD

4ºB ESO IES Sierra de Santa BárbaraEnglish Project

ENGLISH IN WALES

SPELLINGSpelling is almost identical to other dialects of British English. Minor differences occur with words descended from Welsh, which aren't anglicised as in many other dialects of English, for example, in Wales the valley is always "cwm", not the anglicised version "coombe". As with other dialects of British English, -ise endings are preferred,"realise" instead of "realize". However, both

forms are acceptable. For words ending in 'yse' or 'yze', the 'yse' endings are compulsory, as with other dialects

of British English,"analyse", not "analyze".

VOCABULARY & GRAMMARAside from lexical borrowings from Welsh like “bach” (little,

wee), “nain” and “taid” (grandmother and grandfather respectively), there exist distinctive grammatical conventions in vernacular Welsh English. Examples of this include the use by some speakers of the tag question “isn't it?” regardless of the

form of the preceding statement and the placement of the subject and the verb after the predicate for emphasis.

In South Wales the word "where" may often be expanded to "where to", as in the question, "Where to is your Mam?". The

word "butty" is used to mean "friend" or "mate" yet in the north is more commonly understood to mean a sandwich.

PRONUNCIATIONVowels

Short monophthongsThe vowel of cat /æ/ is pronounced as a more central near-open front unrounded vowel[æ ̈].In Cardiff

bag is pronounced with a long vowel [aː].In Powis. a pronunciation resembling its New Zealand and South African analogue is sometimes heard, i.e. trap is pronounced /trɛp/

The vowel of end /ɛ/ is a more open vowel and thus closer to cardinal vowel [ɛ] than RP.The vowel of "kit" /ɪ/ often sounds closer to the schwa sound of above, an advanced close-mid central

unrounded vowel [ɘ̟]The vowel of hot /ɒ/ is raised towards /ɔ/ and can thus be transcribed as [ɒ̝] or [ɔ̞]

The vowel of "bus" /ʌ/ is pronounced [ɜ] and is encountered as a hypercorrection in northern areas for foot.It is sometimes manifested in border areas of north and mid Wales as an open front unrounded vowel /a/ or as a near-close near-back vowel /ʊ/ in northeast Wales, under influence of Chesire and

Mersyside accents.In accents that distinguish between foot and strut the vowel of foot is a more lowered vowel [ɤ] ̈ ,

particularly in the north.The schwa of better may be different from that of above in some accents; the former may be

pronounced as [ɜ], the same vowel as that of bus.The schwi tends to be supplanted by an /ɛ/ in final closed syllables, e.g. brightest /ˈbɾəi.tɛst/. The

uncertainty over which vowel to use often leads to 'hypercorrections' involving the schwa, e.g. programme is often pronounced /ˈproː.ɡrəm/

Long Monophthongs

The vowel of car is often pronounced as a more central open back unrounded vowel [ɑ̈] and more often as a long open front unrounded vowel /aː/

In broader varieties, particularly in Cardiff, the vowel of bird is similar to South African and New Zealand, a lowered close-mid front rounded vowel [ø ̞]

Most other long monophthongs are similar to that of Received Pronunciation, but words with the RP /əʊ/ are sometimes pronounced as [oː] and the RP /eɪ/ as [eː]. An example that illustrates this tendency is the Abercrave pronunciation

of play-place [ˈpleɪˌpleːs]

In northern varieties, coat and caught/court are often merged into /kɔːt/

In Rhymney the diphthong of there is monophthongised [ɛː]

DiphthongsFronting diphthongs tend to resemble Received Pronunciation, apart

from the vowel of bite that has a more centralised onset [æ ̈ɪ]

Backing diphthongs are more varied:

The vowel of low in RP, other than being rendered as a monophthong, like described above, is often pronounced as [oʊ̝]

The word town is pronounced similarly to the New Zealand pronunciation of tone, i.e. with a near-open central onset [ɐʊ̝]

The /juː/ of RP in the word due is usually pronounced as a true diphthong [ëʊ̝]

ConsonantsA strong tendency (shared with Scottish English and some South African accents) towards using

an alveolar tap [ɾ] (a 'tapped r') in place of an

approximant [ɹ] (the r used in most accents in England).

Rhoticity is largely uncommon, apart from some speakers in Port Talbot who supplant the front vowel of bird with /ɚ/, like in many varieties of North American English and accents influenced

by Welsh.

Some gemination between vowels is often encountered, e.g. money is pronounced [ˈmɜ.nːiː]

In northern varieties influenced by Welsh, pens and pence merge into /pɛns/ and chin and gin into /dʒɪn/

Also in northern accents, /l/ is frequently strongly velarised [ɫː]. In much

of the south-east, clear and dark L alternate much like they do in RP. The consonants are generally the same as RP but Welsh consonants like [ɬ] and [x] are encountered in loan words

such as Llangefni and Harlech.

VIDEOHow to speak with a Welsh accent - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cq-mEejECcU

LONDONBRITISH ENGLISH

British English is more difficult than American English in speaking.In this video you can see the accent in London.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HDmKvz4Lfw

VOCABULARY

There are many different words in British English and American English. And also there are the same words but with another meaning.

BRITISH AMERICAN

Nappy Diaper

Holiday Vacation

Sweets Candy

Lorry Truck

Timetable Schedule

Cooker Stove

Chips French Fries

Rubber Eraser

Flat Apartment

AMERICAN VS BRITISH

AMERICAN VS BRITISH/AND SCOTTISH ACCENT

SCOTTISH ACCENT

SPELLING ; American vs British

*In these two countries the spelling is different in some words, for example:British - our/ American -or: colour/color British - re /American -er: centre/center If you need more information, you can see this webpage:

http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/british-american-spelling.html

Pronunciation

•Some Words in these two countries do not have the same pronunciation, for example:

And…. MORE INFORMATION

•Accent in Scotland

•In the next video you can see and understand the accent and pronunciation

AUSTRALIAN ENGLISHIn Australia, as in other anglophone countries, people speak English in

a different way that we tend to listen.

AUSTRALIAN SPELLING

Australian spelling is closer to British and Canadian than American spelling, but it also has some influence of the last one.

In Australia “The Macquarie Dictionary” is used by universities and other organisations as a standard for Australian English spelling. This dictionary is a dictionary only of Australian English. On it, both –ise or –ize terminations are accepted, but –ise is the most common form. For example, people can write “realise” or “realize”. Some people use the –or instead –our, as in “color/colour”.

AUSTRALIAN PHONOLOGYAustralian accent is similar to New Zealand and the South East of Great Britain accents.

In Australian English /t/ and /d/ phonemes are pronounced as /r/ in some cases, as in American English, in which some words are also pronounced like this. Lots of Australian people replace some sounds for others.

AUSTRALIAN VOCABULARYAustralian English has a lot of slang.They also have some words that in other English dialects have different meanings, such as “paddock”, that means “countryside” while in England it is a little cattle enclosure.

In Australian English, as in other English dialects, people use “mate” to refer to someone close to them.“G’day” is a greeting in both Australia and New Zealand vocabulary and it means “hello”.

AUSTRALIAN VOCABULARYHere are some videos in which you can see the different and strange words

that they have:

Julia Fernández Pérez

SouthAfrica

Vocabulary In South Africa the English is the same as in the United kingdom, with the only difference that this accent is different, but all the words are the same

South African SpellingSouthafrican United States ➢ Travelling Traveling➢ Vice Vise➢ Aeroplane Airplane ➢ Aluminium Aluminum➢ Artefact Artifact➢ Colour Color➢ Defence Defense ➢ Encyclopaedia Encyclopedia➢ Grey Gray➢ Tyre Tire

South African Accent Southafrican accent

In this video the protagonist who represents Nelson Mandela speaks with South African accent http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGuC7elOO6M

➢ in the video you can notice the difference between American English and South African English

American SouthAfrican

IRISH VOCABULARY AND SPELLING

Quintin

Ireland is a country close to the United kingdom and its capital is Dublin. In Ireland nearly five million people live

VOCABULARY“Amn’t” used as a contraction of ``am not´´ can be used in questions tags; they also use double negative (``I'm not late, I amn't not? (No llego tarde,¿A que no?)“Arra” is used as an interjection when something bad happened. ``Arra, tis not the end of the world´´(Well! ´s not the end of the world)

Irish people say:

- Hiya (hello)- Fiddle (violin)- “tis” instead of “it´s”.

PRONUNCIATION•The "u" may appear pronounced as / ʊ /.

• They speak softer than the English .• They don’t pronounce the diphthongs, as in boat /boːt/.• They pronounce [r] between vowels, consonant and before the end of the word.

• When they say the `` t ´´ they pronounce `` s ´´ or `` sh ´´,for example “it isn´t” they say /its/ /ˈɪznts/

VIDEO

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbGd1l0i8mE•In this video there is an Irish man, his name is Jason. He speaks in English but he pronounces many words in Irish. ``YOU MUST SEE IT´´

TEXAS AMERICAN ENGLISH

❏ This project is about the Texan American English,

and its vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation, and other

things: videos, images …

INTRODUCTION

LOCATION❏ It is a state placed in the South region of the United States.

The most widely spoken language in Texas is English.

Although in Texas, they also speak Spanish. The most

famous cities are; Dallas, San Antonio, Houston and Austin (

capital).

VOCABULARY¢In the United States, depending on the area, there are different

accents, but in Texas it is probably where there are more different

accents and they speak faster, and there are many differences in

vocabulary. For example:

¢Y`ALL : YOU ALL

¢FIXIN TO: ABOUT TO

¢HOWDY:”HOW DO YOU DO”

VOCABULARY

SPELLING RULES¢These are some spelling rules:

¢1.THE “I” BEFORE “E” RULE: Usually spell “I” before “E”

(believe) but spell “E” before “I” (receive) and when the

letters are pronounced as a long /a/ sound (neighbor).

¢2. THE SILENT “E” RULE: Drop the “E” (having-have) at

the end of a syllable if the ending begins with a vowel.

PRONUNCIATION¢These are many examples:

¢1. The merger of (e) and (i) before nasal consonants, so

that pen and pin are pronounced the same.

¢2. The diphthong (ai) disappears (a:)

¢3.In the words “pat” “pet” “pit” the southern accent drawls

the short front vowels.

ACCENT TEXAN PEOPLE

¢These are some videos about the Texan accent:¢

¢1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SssJOlJrq7g¢

¢2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1JihiI7syA¢

¢3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBTOgUt7kBU