Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 17-18

Prepozitia since indica momentul din trecut in care a inceput actiunea:

4. Constructiile as... as ~i not so... as folosite pentru compararea obiectelor sau a persoanelor:

RECAPITULARE

- Acum nu am timp.

- Nu a venit nimeni sa ne viziteze.

- Nu am nimic.

- Este 0 ma~ina in strada.

- Sunt cativa caini in gradina.

- Ea nu s-a intalnit cu el de anul trecut.

- Nu I-am vazut de 0 saptamana.

- Ia feI, a~a de, ... tot a~a de(in propozitie afirmativa)

- nu a~a... ca ~i (in propozitienegativa), nu atat

- M~ina mea este Ia fel de scumpa ca ~i a tao

- Nu e a~a de batran ca mine.Nu are aceea~i varsta ca mine.

I have nothing.

I have no time now.

Nobody came to visit us.

There is a car in the street.

There are some dogs in the garden.

I haven't seen him for a week.

She hasn't met him since last year.

as ... as

My car is as expensive as yours.

He is not as old as me.

not so... as

1. Pronumele negativ no, nobody, nothing:

2. There is/there are:

3. Prepozitia for exprima durata actiunii:

2

Sa exersam acelea~i cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:

Sa incepem lectia cu setul de cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i urmarititraducerea lor in limba romiina:

PARTEA INTA.ILECTIA 17,

job > [djob] - munca, ocupatie, slujba

wages > [Ueidjiz] - salariu

raise > [reiz] - marire, cre~tere

(a salariului)

labourer > [lelbaraf] - muncitor

unemployment > [animploimant] - ~omaJ

colleague > [koli:g] - coleg

trade-union > [treid iu:nian] - sindicat

member > [membar] - membru

negotiations > [nigau~iei~anz] - negocieri

employee > [emploii:] - angajat, salariat

strike > [straik] - greva

management > [mEnidjmant] - conducere, administratie

strike > [straik] - greva

member > [membar ] - membru

raIse > [reiz] - marire, cre~tere

(a salariului)

unemployment > [animploimant] - ~omaJ


job > [djob] - munca, ocupatie, slujba



employee > [emploii:] - angajat, salariat

labourer > [lelbaraT] - muncitor



Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Ce ~tii despre ~omajul din tara ta?

- I know about these >negotiations.

- A~teptam conducerea.

- Am multi colegi.

- Negocierile vor fi maine.

- El ~i-a pierdut slujba.

- Salariatii vor sa vorbeasca.

- EI este membru de sindicat.

- Ieri am primit 0 marire de salariu.

- In Romania ~omajul

este foarte mare.

- Ei vorbesc despreultima greva.

- Crezi ca salariul meueste mare?

- El este muncitor inaceasta fabrica?

- Have you the news about the >strike?

- Do you like your :::job?

- My :::colleagues will always help me.

- They get a >raise every year.

- Last year we had more >members.

- What do you know about:::unemployment in your country?

- In a month our >wages will be higher.

- The :::management of our factory isvery good.

- Have all your ::oemployees families?

- All >labourers have a meeting on Wednesday.

- Are you a member of this :>trade-union?

3

>[hi: iz a memM' ava treid iu:nian]

> [ai got a reiz iestardei]

>[ai hEv meni koli:gz]

>[DZa nigau~iei~anz uil bi:tamorau]

>[Ui: a:' Ueitin(g) fo: r

DZa mEnidjmant]

>[DZa emploii:z Uont tu to:k]

>[hi: hEz lost hiz djob]

>[Ui: hEv greitanimploimant in ru:meinia]

>[ DZei a: r to:kinlg) abautDZa la:st straik]

>[ iz hi: a lelbarar inDZis fEktari]

>[ du iu: TSm(g)k mal Ueidjiz

a.' hai]

He has lost his job.

lata cuvintele noi in propozitii:

We are waiting forthe management.

The negotiations will betomorrow.

I got a raise yesterday.

I have many colleagues.

The employees want to talk.

We have greatunemployment in Romania.

He is a member ofa trade-union.

They are talking aboutthe last strike.

Do you think my wagesare high?

Is he a labourer mthis factory?

Ai ve~ti despre greva?

Ei obtin in fiecare an 0 marire de salariu.

Anul trecut am avut mai multi membri.

~tiu despre aceste negocieri.

Iti place munca ta?

Peste 0 luna salariile noastre vor fi mai mario

E~ti membru al acestui sindicat?

Colegii mei rna vor ajuta intotdeauna.

Toti angajatii tai au familie?

Administratia fabricii noastre estefoarte buna.

Toti muncitorii au ~edinta miercuri.

Gramatica lecfiei se referii la utilizarea timpului trecut perfect (Past Perfect Tense). Acest timp sefolose~tepentru a descrie 0 aCfiune care s-a desfii~urat inaintea unei alte aCfiuni trecute, aceasta dinurmiiexprimiindu-se cu timpul Simple Past (trecutul simplu). Complementele circumstanfiale utilizate

cu Past Perfect Tense sunt:

lata cum este folosit Past Perfect Tense in propozitii:

Traduceti in limba engleza noile cuvinte:

this book ...

the house...

+

- Dupa ce salariatii au obtinut 0

marire de salariu, au inceputsa lucreze.

- Am luat micul dejun inaintede a merge la lucm.

> management

> employee

> labourer

> unemployment

> trade-union

> wages

> raIse

> job

> negotiations

> management

> strike

> wages

> colleague

> member

- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce,ulterior

- inainte de, inaintea, dinaintea

built

read

forma a Ill-aa verbului principal

+

> [bifo:f]

> [a:ftaf]

4

>[a:ftaf DZi emploii:z hEd gota reiz DZei sta:ftid tu ua:fk]

>[ai hEd Un brekfast bifo: f

ai Uent tu ua:fk]

verb auxiliar

had

had

+

I had eaten breakfast beforeI went to work.

After the employees had gota raise they started to work.

before

after

munca, slujba

negocieri

Subiect

She

They

muncitor

membm

greva

conducere

marire a salariului

Urmiirifi structura propozifiei:

angajat

administratie

coleg

salariu

salariu

sindicat

to negotiate > [tu nigau~ielt] - a negocia, a duce tratative

to raise >[tureiz] - a spori, a mari

to apply for > [tu apJai fo:f] - a cere, a solicita

to earn > [tu a:fn] - a ca~tiga (bani prin munca)

to reduce > [tu ridiu:s] - a reduce, a mic~ora

to fire > [ttl faiaf] - a concedia

to apply for > [tu aplai fo:f] - a cere, a solicita

to reduce > [tu ridiu:s] - a reduce, a mic~ora

to fire > [tu faiaf] - a concedia

to negotiate > [tu nigau~ieit] - a negocia, a duce tratative

to earn > [tua:fn] - a ca~tiga (bani prin munca)

to raise > [tu reiz] - a spori, a mari

> [bifo:f ai vizitid mai maDZaf - Inainte de a 0 vizita pe mamaal hEd bo:t ha: f tlauih] i-am cumparat flori.

- Ea s-a dus 1a culcare dupa ces-a uitat la filmul acela.

> Before I bought this car I had workedin a bank for a long time.

> After he had returned home he atesome bread.

> I had tried on this coat beforeI bought it.

> She started to worry aftershe had got this letter.

> [~j: Uent tu bed a:ftar ~i:

hEd Uot;;t DZEt film]She went to bed after shehad watched that film.

Before I visited my motherI had bought her flowers.

5

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Dupa ce s-a intors acasa el a mancatni~te paine.

Inainte de a cumpara aceasta ma~ina am lucratmult timp intr-o banca.

Ea a inceput sa se ingrijoreze dupa cea primit aceasta scrisoare.

Am i'ncercat aceasta haina inaintede a 0 cumpara.

lata acum cateva verbe noi. Retineti traducerea lor:

Sa exersam verbele ~i intr-o alta ordine:

Sii vedem cum se jormeazii interogativul $i negativulla Past Perfect Tense.

Propozitia interogativii se jormeazii prin inversarea ordinii subiectului $i a verbului auxiliar:

Sa introducem nOlle verbe in propozitii:

- Cred ca trebuie sa marimsalariile.

- Ei spun ca ei cii~tiga preaputini bani.

- Da, salariatii no~tri au solicitatdeja asta.

- Yom negocia asta cu ei.

- Conducerea vreasa concedieze 0 suta dintre ei.

- Cum putem sa facem asta dacaei vor sa concedieze oameni?

- Aminte~te-ti insa ca trebuiesa reducem ~omajul.

> [hEd DZei bi:n hiar bifo: r ai keim]

- How many labourers have they already> fired?

- Will they > raise our wages?

- Before they> reduced unemployment theyhad built new factories.

> [hEd hi: bo:t a buk bifo: 1 hi: lIent haum]

- Before I > applied for a new jobI had worked in an office.

- Do they> earn less than our parents?

- We will not> negotIate here.

6

> [DZei sei DZei a:rn tu: Utl]

> [ies auar emploli:z hEyo:lredl aplaid fo:' DZls]

> [az Pin(g)k Ui: mast relzUeidjlz]

> [Ui: ull nigau~ieit ituiDz DZEm]

> [DZa mEllld]mant Uontstu faiar a handnd ov DZem]

> [bat rimembal1I1: mast

ridiu:s animplollnant]

> [hau kEn lIi: du: it if DZeilIont tu falar pi:pl]

I think we must raisewages.

Yes, our employees havealready applied for this.

We will negotiate Itwith them.

They say they earn to little.

The management wantsto fire a hundred of them.

But remember we mustreduce unemployment.

How can we do it If theywant to fire people?

Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu verbele corespunzatoare:

Inainte de a reduce ~omajul ei au construitfabrici noi.

Ne vor mari salariile?

Cati muncitori au concediat deja?

Ei ca~tiga mai putin decat parintl1 no~tri?

Nu vom negocia aici.

Inainte de a solicita 0 slujba noua,am lucrat intr-un birou.

Had they been here before I came?

He had bought a book before he went home.

Had he bought a book before he went home?

They had been here before I came.

lata cateva exemple:

Structura had not poatejiprescurtatii hadn't [hEdnt].

Construc!ia negativii hadn't se poate folosi $i in propozi!ii afirmative:

- Ei n-au vazut-o pe Maria inainteca ea sa-i fi vizitat.

- Nu au ~tiut despre asta inainteca eu sa Ie fi spus.

> lies ai hEd]

> [nau ai hEdnt]

> [nau ai hEd not]

> lies hi: hEd]

> [nau hi: hEd not]

> [nau hi: hEdnt]

> Had they seen this film beforewe visited them?

- Yes, >they had.- No, >they hadn't.

> Had you been here before it happened?

> Had he been in England before he returned?- Yes, >he had.- No, >he hadn't.

> After I had got up I went to the kitchen.

> Had they applied for the job beforeI started to work there?

- Yes, >they had.- No, >they hadn't.

7

Yes, I had.

No, I hadn't.

No, I had not.

Yes, he had.

No, he hadn't.

No, he had not.

> [DZei hEdnt naun abautit bifo:' ai told DZem]

Had you been here before I came?

Had he written the letter before he went to the post-office?

They had seen this film beforewe visited them.

He had been in England before he returned.

In exerci!iul urmator formulati intrebari, raspunsuri afirmative ~i negative la urmatoarele propozi!ii:

Riispunslll ajirmativ seformeazii cu ajlltorul adverbului yes, alpronumeluipersonal$i al verbului auxiliarhad. Nega!ia se compune din: cuwintul no, pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar had $i adverbul not.

They had applied for the job beforeI started to work there.

They hadn't seen Mary before > [DZei hEdnt si:n mearishe visited them. bifo:' ~i: vizitId DZem]

Dupa ce m-am sculat m-am dus in bucatarie.

Traduce!i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Ai fost aici inainte de a se intampla asta?

They hadn't knownabout it before I told them.

Repetati cuvintele noi intr-o ordine diferita:

> Had you tried to negotiate beforethey fired you?

> I hadn't seen this picture before I arrived here

> I hadn't thought about it before I readthis book.

> After the management had raised wagesthe employees were very glad.

> Where are the contents of this book?

> Horses like to eat oats.

> What proceeds have you every year?

> I keep my savings at home.

> How has he earned his riches?

Cuvintele invatate anterior sunt la plural, la fel ca ~i cuviintul wages pecare il cunoa~tem deja.

Ai incercat sa negociezi inainte ca eisa te concedieze?

Nu am vazut acest tablou inainte de a sosi aici.

Dupa ce administratia le-a marit salariile,angajatii au fost foarte bucuro~i.

Nu m-am gandit la asta inainte sa fi cititaceasta carte.

Sa invatam alte ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:

contents > [kontents] - cuprins, continut

oats > [auts] -ovaz

proceeds > [prousl:dz] - cii~tig (dintr-o activitate)

riches > [rit~iz] - avere, bogatie

thanks > [TSEn(g)ks] - multumiri, recuno~tinta

surroundings > [saraundin(glz] - imprejurimi, vecinatate

savings > [seivin(glz] - economii (bani economisiti)

proceeds > [prousi:dz] - cii~tig (dintr-o activitate)


thanks > [TSEn(glks] - multumiri, recuno~tinta

surroundings > [saraundin(glz] - imprejurimi, vecinatate

oats > [auts] - ovaz

savings > [seivin(glz] - economii (bani economisiti)

riches > [rit~iz] - avere, bogatie

Unde este cuprinsul acestei carti?

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

8

Cailor Ie place sa manance ovaz.

Ce cii~tig anual ai?

Imi tin economiile acasa.

Cum ~i-a cii~tigat el averea?

9

"I keep my savings at home."

> I gave them my thanks.

> These are nice surroundings.

> Have you already met the new employees?

> His earns too little to have savings.

> The contents of this box are interesting.

> The negotiations will be very difficult, butwe must get a raise.

> He bought a new house after he had startedto earn more.

> Have you ever worked before you appliedfor this job?

> Our labourers have been members of atrade-union for five years.

> After the strike the management firedmany employees.

> We must do something to reduceunemployment.

Le-am transmis multumirile mele.

Imprejurimile sunt frumoase.

Te-ai Intalnit deja cu salariatii noi?

Iar acum sa recapitulam aceasta parte a lectiei rezolvand urmatorul exercitiu. Traduceti propozitiileIn limba engleza:

Inainte de a-I cunoa~te pe John am lucrat cu Peter. > Before I met John I had worked with Peter.

Negocierile vor fi foarte dificile, dar trebuiesa obtinem marirea salariilor.

Continutul acestei cutii este interesant.

EI ca~tiga prea putin ca sa ~i economiseasca.

EI a cumparat 0 casa noua dupa ce a Inceputsa cii~tige mai mult.

Ai mai lucrat Inainte de-a solicitaaceasta slujba?

Muncitorii no~tri sunt membriai sindicatului de cinci ani.

Dupa greva conducerea a concediatmulti angajati.

Trebuie sa facem ceva ca sa reducem~omajui.

lar acum recititi cuvintele cu voce tare, intr-o alta ordine:

LECTIA 17 - PARTEA A DOUA,

Sa continuam lectia invat1ind 0 serie de cuvinte noi legate de cumparaturi.Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:

- vanzare la un pretfavorabil, chilipir,afacere

- vanzare, reduceri,vanzarea soldurilor

- saco~a de cumparaturi

- reducere de preturi

- carucior

- vanzare la un pretfavorabil, chilipir,afacere

- ie~ire

- vanzare, reduceri,vanzarea soldurilor

- supermarket

- vitrina

- cumparator, client

- lista de cumparaturi

::.. vanzator, vanzatoare

- chitanta

- lista de cumparaturi

- casa (lntr-un magazin)

- supermarket

- vitrina

- ie~ire

- casa (intr-un magazin)

- carucior

- vanzator, vanzatoare

- saco~a de cumparaturi

- reducere de preturi

- chitanta

- cumparator, client

> [~opin(g) bEg]

> [diskaunt]

> [seilz]

supermarket > [su:parma:rkit]

trolley > [troli]

customer > [kastamaT]

shop-assistant > [~op asistant]

receipt > [risi:t]

shopping-list > [~opin(g) list]

cash-desk > [kE~ desk]

shop-window > [~op Uindau]

exit > [egzit]

bargain > [ba:Tgin]

discount

sales

shopping-bag



supermarket > [su:parma:'kit]

sales > [seilz]

exit > [egzit]

bargain > [ba:rgin]

shopping-bag > [~opin(g) bEg]

discount > [diskaunt]

receipt > [risi:t]

customer > [kastamaT]

shop-assistant > [~op asisUint]

cash-desk > [kE~ desk]

trolley > [troli]

10

Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:

Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii:

- My >trolley is full.

- Ai fost deja innoul supermarket?

- Da. ~i au des reduceri.

- A fost 0 adevarata afacere.

- Poti sa iei un camciorin acest supermarket.

- Da, au foartemulti cumparatori.

- leri am cumparat 0 multimede lucruri la pret redus.

- Saco~a mea era plina~i nu am cheltuitprea multi bani.

- ~i viinzatorii sunt gataintotdeauna sa te ajute.

- Poti obtine intotdeaunao chitanta la casa.

- Poti, de asemenea, sa-i daiviinzatoarei iista tade cumparaturi ~i

sa a~tepti liinga ie~ire.

- Ea iti va aducecumparaturile.

- ~i au intotdeaunavitrine minunate.

- How many >cash-desks have youin the shop?

- I love to buy at >sales.

- I have only one >shopping-bag.

11

> [ies DZei hEy a lot avkastama'z DZea']

> [iu: kEn teik a troliin DZis su.pa'ma:'kit]

> [mai ~opin(g) bEg Uaz ful

End ai didnt spendtu: mat~ mani]

> [iesta'del al bo:t a lot avT'in(g)z Et diskaunt]

> [hEy iu: o:lredl bi:nin DZa niu: su:pa'ma:'kit]

> [it "oz a greit ba:'gin]

> [au ies End DZei ofnhEy seilz]

> [End DZa ~op asistants a:'o:lueiz redl tu help iu:]

> [iu: kEn olsau giv DZa~op asistant 10:'

~opm(g) list End Ue1tnia' DZi egzlt]

> [~I: ull brmigl IU

10:' ~opmlg)]

> [iu: kEn 0: IUeiz get a risi:tEt DZa kE~ desk]

> [End DZei 0:lue1z hEybiu:tifal ~op uindauz]

My shopping-bag was full,and I didn't spendtoo much money.

It was a great bargain.

And the shop-assistants arealways ready to help you.

Yesterday I bought a lot ofthings at discount.

You can take a trolleyin this supermarket.

Yes, they have a lot ofcustomers there.

Have you already beenin the new supermarket?

Oh, yes. And they oftenhave sales.

You can also give theshop-assistant yourshopping-list and waitnear the eXIt.

You can always get a receiptat the cash-desk.

She will bring youyour shopping.

And they always havebeautiful shop-windows.

Ciite case aveti in magazin?

Imi place sa cumpar la viinzarea soldurilor.

Am doar 0 saco~a pentru cumparaturi.

Caruciorul meu este plin.

Acest supermarket este cel mai bundin ora~ul nostru.

Aici sunt patru ie~iri.

Acest vanzator este foarte dragut.

Multi cumparatori pleaca acum.

Am pierdut chitanta.

Aceasta casa este la un pret foarte bun.

Ai facut deja !ista de cumparaturi?

In vitrina este un radio dragut.

Facem mari reduceri.

Traduceti in !imba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte:

vanzare la pret favorabil, afacere

saco~a (de cumparaturi)

vitrina

vanzator, vanzatoare

le~lre

!ista de cumparaturi

reducere de preturi

carucior

vanzarea soldurilor, reduceri

cumparator

12

- This >supennarket is the bestin our town.

- There are four >exits here.

- This >shop-assistant is very nice.

- Many >customers are leaving now.

- I have lost the >recelpt.

- This house is a >bargain.

- Have you already made the >shopping-!ist?

- There is a nice radio in the >shop-window.

- We give large >discounts.

> bargain

> shopping-bag

> shop-wmdow

> shop-assistant

> exit

> shopping-hst

> discount

> trolley

> sales

> customer


Desigur vd mai amintili de pronumele some (catva, cativa, ceva, ni~te, unii, putin):

- Da, (ea) are putin.

- Da, am cateva.

- Da, au 0 multime de ma~ini.

- Da, avem cateva.

> receipt

> cash-desk

> supermarket

- Am citeva carti.

- Am ceva zahar.

> Has hcr sister any good books?

> Did he see any cars?

> Have my parents any friends?

> Has Mary any customers in her shop?

Yes, I have some.

13

Yes, she has a little.

Yes, they have a lot of cars.

Yes, we have a few.

La forma negativa ~i interogativa in locullui some se folose~te pronumeleany[cm].

Acest pronume se folose~te in urmatoarele cazuri: la singular ~i la plural,cu substantive care au plural ~i cu cele care nu au forma la plural ~i inpropozitii interogative ~i negative (in unele cazuri ~i in cele afirmative).

casa (lntr-un magazin)

supermarket

chitanta

I have some books.

I have some sugar.

Have they any children? > [hEv DZCl eni tsildran] - Au copii?

Has she any coffee? > [hEz ~l: eni kofi] - Ea are (ni~te) cafea?

My parents have some friends.

Have we any tea at home? > [hEv lli: eni ti: Et haum] - Avem (ni~te) ceai acasa?

Her sister has some good books.

Mary has some customers in her shop.

Have you any bread at home? > [hEv iu: eni bred Et haum] - Ai (ni~te) paine acasa?

He saw some cars.

Puneti la forma mterogativa urmiHoarele propozitii:

in limba eng/ezd pronumele any nu poate fi omis din propoziliile interogative. in limba romtiniitraducerea acestui cuviint nu este necesarii. Uneori se traduce totu$i, mai ales ciind se referii lacantitiiti miCl (vezi exemplele anterioare).

Has she any milk?

Have you any trolleys?

Have they any cars?

Have you any receipts?

Dacd rdspundem afirmativ la intrebarea in care apare pronumele any, atunci riispunsul poatecuprinde: a lot of, some, a little, a few ~i/sau alte pronume care fac referire la cantitate.

Nu uitati ca not any ~i no inseamna acela~i lucru - a nu avea deloc.

Daca raspunsul este negativ, atunci putem folosi doua constructii:

- nu prea, mai niciodata, foarte rar

- folositor

- necalificat

- bani gheata, bani in numerar

- Cat costa... ?

- chiar, pana ~i, nici macar

- adevarat

- satisilicut, multumit (de)

- abia, mai deloc, prea putin

- abia, putin/un pic

- important, semnificativ

> They have some/a few dogs.

> Have you any dogs?

> We haven't any pictures.> We have no pictures.

> I have some/a little butter.

> I see no people here.> I don't see any people here.

> I know no typists.> I don't know any typists.

14

Have you any - No, I haven't any - No, I have no - Nu am chitanta.receipts? receipts. receipts.

Have you any time? - No, I haven't any - No, I have no time. - Nu am timp.time.

Have they any - No, they haven't - No, they have - Nu au bani.money? any money. no money.

Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza. In cazul negatiilor folositi ambele forme:

Ai caini?

Nu avem tablouri (nici un tablou).

Au cativa caini.

Nu vad oameni aici (pe nimeni).

Am putin unt.

Nu cunosc dactilografe (nici 0 dactilograili).

lata alte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:

important > [impo:'tant]

satisfied (with) > [sEtisfaid]

hardly > [ha:'dli]

hardly any > [ha:ldli eni]

hardly ever > [h a rdII e\ alJ

true > [tru ]

even > [i \ n]

How much is ... ? > [h,ll! ll1at~ IZ]

cash > [kE~]

unskilled > [anskild]

useful > [iu:sfal]

Acum repetati cuvintele intr-o ordine diferita:

Adverbul hardly exprima 0 negatie. De aceea, alaturi de el nu se folose~te

alt cuvant de negatie:

- adevarat

- nu prea, mai niciodata, foarte rar

- necalificat

- folositor

- Cit costa... ?

- chiar, pfma ~i, nici macar

- abia, putin/un pic

- satisfacut, multumit (de)

- abia (daca), mai deloc, prea putin

- important, semnificativ

- bani gheata, bani in numerar

- Au fost satisfacuti toticonsumatorii?

- Vin foarte rar in acest

magazm.

- Cat costa acest ceas?

- Este adevarata povestea aceea?

- Nu este sare mai deloc.

- EI cumpara intotdeaunalucruri utile.

- Aceasta ma~ina este chiarmai ieftina.

- Trebuie sa plate~ti cu bani gheata.

- Vor concedia zece muncitori

necalificati.

- Abia daca mai am ceva bani.

- Abia daca mai am vreun prieten.

- a plati cu bani gheata,

a plati in numerar

15

>[IZ DIEt sto n tru.]

> [hau mat~ iz DZis klok]

> [al Em haofdil e\ a' III DZis

:'l'pJ

>["a:f 0:1 kastama'z

sEtlsfald]

> [DZea' iz ha:'dlJ em so:lt]

> [DZis ka:' iz i:vn t~i:paf]

> [iu: mast pei in kE~]

> [hI: oYelz balz IU sfalPm,glz]

> [ai hEy ha:'dli cni mani]

> [DZei Uil faia' ten anskil

leibarafz]

I have hardly any friends.

Retineti urmatoarea expresie:

to pay in cash

true > [tnt:]

unskilled > [anskild]

hardly ever > [ha:fdli evaf]

useful > [iu:sfal]

How much is ... ? > [hau mat~ iz]

hardly any > [ha:fdh eni]


even > [i:vn]

hardly > [ha:'dli]

important > [impo:'tant]

cash > [kE~]

Sa mtroducem cuvintele noi in propozitii:

Were all customers

satisfied?

How much is this clock?

Is that story true?

He always buys usefulthings.

There is hardly any salt.

This car is even cheaper.

You must pay in cash.

I am hardly ever III thIS

shop.

I have hardly any money.

They will fire ten unskilled

labourers.

I have something to tell you. > [ai hEy samTsin(g) tll tel iu:] - Am ceva sa-ti spun.

Acum sa fnVli{am formele compuse ale pronumelui some:

- cineva

- ceva

- undeva

- Trebuie sa fie undeva.

- Cineva sm langama~ina noastra.

- >How much is this bicycle?

- They didn't >even fire him.

- We don't want >unskilled employees.

- We always pay >m cash.

- Everybody says it is a >true story.

- Are you >satisfied with your job?

- She >hardly spoke.

- I >hardly ever go to matches.

- It is very >important for me.

> hardly any

> Important

> hardly

> useful

> How much is ... ?

> unskilled

> hardly ever

> even

> satisfied with

> true

> cash

>[sambadi]

16

> [It mast bi: samUea']

> [sambadl 1Z stEndin{g)

ma' aua' ka:']

Nu merg aproape niciodata la meciuri.


Nu vrem angajati necalificati.

Platim intotdeauna cu bani gheata.

Este foarte important pentru mine.

E~ti multumit de locul tau de munca?

Toata lumea spline ca este 0 poveste adevarata.

Ea nu a vorbit mai deloc.

Nici macar nu I-au concediat.

Cat costa aceasta bicicleta?

Traduceti urmatoarele expresii in limba engleza:

foarte putinl un pic

util

important

Cat costa... ?

abia, mai deloc

satisIacut (de)

mai niciodata

necalificat

something

adevarat

bani gheata

pana ~i


somebody

somewhere

Somebody is standingnear our car.

It must be somewhere.

Sa exemplifieam explieatia anterioara:

Traducetl in lImba engleza urmatoarele propozitii. Pentm propozitiile negative folositi ambele structuri:

in propozi!iile interogative in locullui some se folosesc formele compuse ale pronumelui any:

- Nu eunose pe nimeni aiei.

- Nu mi-a dat nimie.

- Nu 0 vad nieaieri.

- Cuno~ti pe eineva aici?

- 0 vezi undeva pe Maria?

- Ti-a dat eeva?

> Have you seen these gIrls anywhere?

> 1 don't want to talk to anybody.> I want to talk to nobody.

> Can anybody pay in cash?

> I don't like anybody.> I like nobody.

> My sister is somewhere in England.

> DId you meet anybody important there?

> This man doesn't love anybody.> This man loves nobody.

17

> [nau al daunt nau enibadihlaf

]

> [nau ai nau naubadi hiar]

> [nau hi: didnt glV mi:eniTSin(g)]

> [nau ai daunt si: ha: f

eniUear ]

> [nau hi: geiv mi:naTsm(g)]

> [nau ai si: ha: f nauUear]

Did he give you anything? > [did hi: giv iu: eniTSm(g)]

Do you see Mary anywhere? > [du iu: si: meari eniUeaf]

Do you know anybody here? > [du IU: nau enibadi hiar]

Did he give you anything?No, he didn't give meanything.

No, I know' nobody here.

Do you know anybody here?No, I don'(know anybodyhere.

No, I see her nowhere.

No, he gave menothing.

Nu vreau sa \orbesc cu mmem.

Do you see Mary anywhere?No, I don't see heranywhere.

Le-ai vazut undeva pe aceste fete?

Poate cineva sa plateasca cu bani gheata?

Ai intiilnit acolo pe cineva important?

Nu-mi place de nimeni.

Sora mea este undeva in Anglia.

Acest om nu iube~te pe nimeni.

Dacii riispunsul este negativ, atunci folosim formele compuse ale cuvdntului any, iar verbul dinpropozi/ie va ji la forma negativii. Cdnd folosim formele compuse ale lui no, atunci verbul va ji laforma ajirmativii. Nu uitali cii in limba englezii nu existii dubIii negalie.

Iar acum sa recapitulam intreaga lectie. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Urmeaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele accentuate din fiecare coloana desemneaza sunete identice:

[E] [0] [u:] [ei]

cash trolley true sales

cat job blue day

hat clock do pay

can sock boot say

18

> You will get the receipt at the cash-desk.

> We must reduce unemployment in Romania.

> The employees and the management aremeeting tomorrow to negotiate wages.

> Have you seen anything interestingin the surroundings?

> His proceeds are very high.

> There will be sales in oursupermarket next week.

> The members of our trade-union earn more.

> Our colleagues are applying for a raise.

> How many labourers have they recently fired?

> Before I bought this book I had askedabout its contents.

> Our clients are always satisfiedwith their bargains.

> Before I went shoppmg I had writtena shopping-list.

> Can I get a discount?

> Have you any clock at home?

> I hardly ever listen to music.

> How much is this skirt?

> I won't tell anybody about it.

> I will tell nobody about it.

> After I had started work John came.

Vei primi chitanta la casa.

Cati muncitori au concediat in ultima vreme?

Saptamana viitoare vor fi reduceri Insupermarketul nostru.

Colegii no~tri solicita 0 marire de salariu.

Ca~tigullui este foarte mare.

Trebuie sa reducem ~omajulin Romania.

Inainte de a cumpara aceasta cartem-am interesat de continutul ei.

Salariatii ~i conducerea se intalnesc mainesa negocieze salariile.

Membrii sindicatului nostru ca~tiga mai mult.

Ai vazut ceva interesant inimprejurimi?

Pot sa primesc 0 reducere?

Clientii no~tri sunt intotdeauna satisIacutide cumparaturile avantajoase.

Ai ceas acasa?

Inainte de a merge la cumparaturi am scriso lista de cumparaturi.

Nu prea ascult muzica.

Nu voi spune nimanui despre asta.

Cat costa aceasta fusta?

Dupa ce am inceput lucrul a venit John.

17.1. 1. Utilizare

17.1.4. Raspunsuri afirmative ~i negative

17.1. The Past Perfect Tense - timpul trecut perfect

- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior

- inainte, in fata, dinaintea

- Yes, I had.

- No, I had not.

- No, I hadn't.

- continut, cuprins- ovaz- ca~tig (dintr-o activitate)

- avere, bogatie- multumiri, recuno~tinta- imprejurimi, vecinatate- economii, bani pu~i de 0 parte- salariu

- Nu au vazut-o pe Maria inainteca ea sa-i fi vizitat.

after

before

Constructia propozitiei:

Interog,ativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subiectului ~i a verbului auxiliar:,,~ \

They had been here before I came. - Had they been here before I came?

Had you been here before I came?

Expresia "had not" se prescurteaza "hadn't":

Raspunsurile afirmative se alcatuiesc cu ajutorul adverbului "yes", a pronumeluipersonal ~i a verbului auxiliar "had". Negatiile se formeaza cu ajutorul cuvantuluide negatie "no", a pronumelui personal, a verbului auxiliar "had" ~i a adverbului

""not.

19

II folosim in cazul a doua actiuni din trecut, pentru a indica actiunea care s-a petrecutmai devreme. Acest timp indica faptul ca prima actiune s-a terminat deja. Cea de-adoua actiune se exprima cu timpul Simple Past.

They hadn't seen Mary beforeshe visited them.

Complementele circumstantiale cel mai des utilizate alaturi de acest timp sunt:

contents

oats

proceedsrichesthankssurroundingssavmgswages

subiect + verb + forma a III-a a +auxiliar verbului principal

She had read this book ...

They had built the house ...

17.1 3. Formarea interogativului

17.1.2.

17.1.5. Structura negativa "hadn't" se poate folosi ~i in propozitii afirmative:

RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 17•

17.2. Urmatoarele cuvinte apar de obicei la plural:

In cazul unui raspuns negativ, se folosesc doua structuri:

In propozitiile interogative in locullui "some" folosim adverbul "any".

In propozitii interogative in locullui "some" folosim formele compuse ale lui "any":

- Nu cunosc pe nimeni aici.

- ceva

- cineva

- undeva

- Am cateva carti.

- Ea are vreun prieten?

- Am cevalputin zahar.

- Ai acasa paine?

- Cuno~ti pe cineva aici?

No, I haven't any receipts. - Nu, nu am chitante.

No, I have no receipts.

20

No, I don't knowanybody here.

No, I know nobodyhere.

somebody

Do you know anybodyhere?

Have you any receipts?

Has she any friends?

Retineti ca "not any" ~i "no" inseamna acela~i lucru "nici un, nici 0, a nu avea deloc".

Have you any bread at home?

something

somewhere

Acest adverb se folose~te alaturi de substantive care au sau nu au plural; atat la singular ~i

plural.

In cazul unui raspuns negativ se folosesc fonnele compuse ale lui "any" iar verbul are fannanegativa, sau formele compuse ale lui "no" ~i verbulla fonna afinnativa:

Do you know anybody here?

I have some sugar.

I have some books.

17.3. "Some, any, no"

17.4. Fonnele compuse ale lui "some, any, no"

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 17

A. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana:

I. Have you read anything about that accident?

2. I had stopped smoking before I started to work in this office.

3. Before they fired the unskilled labourers they had talked to them.

4. Do you know the contents of this book?

5. Did you get a receipt at the cash-desk in that supermarket?

6. Do these shop-assistants get higher wages than the management?

B. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

1. Ce creZI despre fratele lui?

2. Ai ceva bani pu~i de 0 parte?

3. Nu am vazut pe nimeni in acest parc.

4. Inainte de a rna uita la film, am baut 0 cea~ca de cafea cu mama.

5. Pot gasi oriunde asemenea farfurii?

6. Cineva ~tie ca nu lucrezi aici.

C. Corectati gre~elile din urmatoarele propozitii:

I. I haven't seen nobody in the street.

2. I was at school before I returned home.

3. This surroundings are very nice.

4. My mother has any friends.

5. He can't hardly cook dinner.

6. They just took a trolley.

21

Iar acum repetati-Ie intr-o alta ordine:

tap > [tEp] - robinet

oven > [ovn] - cuptor

fridge > [fridj] - frigiderI

tile > [tail] - placa de faiantalteracota

gas-cooker > [gEs kuka f] - aragaz

saucepan > [so:spEn] - cratita

sink > [sin(g)k] - chiuveta

bucket > [bakit] - galeata

cupboard > [kabad] - dulap de bucatarie

towel > [taual] - prosop

rubbish-bin > [rabi~ bin] - lada de gunoi

mop > [mop] - dirpa de ~ters pe jos

Sa incepem lectia cu noile cuvinte care definesc articole de uz casnic. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:



fridge > [fridj] - frigider

mop > [mop] - carpa de ~ters pe jos

sink > [sin(g)k] - chiuveta

tile > [tail] - placa de faiantalteracota

gas-cooker > [gEs kuka f] - aragaz

tap > [tEp] - robinet

cupboard > [kabad] - dulap de bucatarie

rubbish-bin > [rabi;; bin] - lada de gunoi

saucepan > [so:spEn] - cratita

oven > [ovn] - cuptor

LECTIA 18,

22

,.. ,..PARTEA INTAI

Sa introducem noile cuvinte In propozitii:

> [ai Uont tu t~eindj samTsin(gj - Vreau sa schimb ceva

in Dza kit~an] in bucatarie.

- Voi pune frigiderul

langa u~a.

- Aceste dulapuri vor fi agatate

pe pereti.

- Cred ca putem schimba~i robinetul.

- Yom cumpara un aragaznou ~i un cuptorelectric.

- Co~ul de gunoi ~i galeatacu carpa de ~ters pe jospot fi puse aici.

- Iar prosopul poate fi agatatlanga chiuveta.

- ~i ce facem cu cratitele?

- Trebuie sa rna gandesc la asta.

> [Dzi:s kabadz uil hEn(g)

on DZa Uolz]

> [ai ull put DZa fridj nia'DZa do:']

> [ai Tsin(g)k ui: kEn olsau

t~eindj DZa tEp]

23

> [DZa rabi~ bin End DZabakit uiDz DZa mop

kEn bi put hia']

> [End a l Uont tu hEy tailz on - ~i vreau sa am faianta pe pereteDZa uol auva' DZa sin(g)k] deasupra chiuvetei.

> [Ui: uil bai a niu:

gEs kuka' Endan ilektrik ovn]

> [End DZa taual kEn bihEn(g)d nia' DZa sm(g)k]

> [End "ot abautD'a so:spEnz]

> [ai mast Pin(g)k abaut it]

And I want to have tiles onthe wall over the sink.

I think we can alsochange the tap.

These cupboards will hang

on the walls.

I want to change somethingin the kitchen.

I will put the fridge nearthe door.

We will buy a newgas-cooker andan electric oven.

The rubbish-bin and thebucket with the mopcan be put here.

And the towel can behanged near the smk.

I must think about it.

And what aboutthe saucepans?

Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte:

In acela~i mod, putem fonna adverbe din substantive care exprima timpul:

- minunat, splendid

- saptamanal,in fiecare saptamana

- zilnic, in fiecare zi

- lunar, in fiecare luna

- We must buy a new >gas-cookeI:

- Dirty plates are in the >sink.

- I like the >tiles in this shop.

- This >saucepan is not big enough.

- Look for the tea in this > clipboard.

- Have you any clean >towels?

- How much is this >oven?

- We clean the floor with a >mop.

- Take the >rubbish-bin.

- Where can I get big>taps?

- There is something in that> bucket.

- Our >fridge is old.

>[manTSli]

>[dedi]

> [blU:t1rah]

weekly

daily

monthly

beautifully

- Zl

- saptamana

-luna

- minunat

week

24

day

month

beautiful

Aten!ie: in cuviintul daily litera y s-a transformat in i!

Curatam podeaua cu carpa de ~ters pe jos.

Ia co~ul de gunoi.

De unde pot procura robinete mari?

Este ceva in galeata aceea.

Frigiderul nostru este vechi.

Farfuriile murdare sunt in chiuveta.

Imi place faianta din acest magazin.

Aceasta cratita nu este suficient de mare.

Callta ceaiul in acest dulap.

Ai prosoape curate?

Cat costa acest cuptor?

in continuare vom fnvii!a regulile de formare a adl'erbelor. Adverbele se potforma din adjective, prin

adiiugarea termina!iei -Iy:

Verificati in ce masura ati reu~it sa va insu~iti cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele

cuvinte ~i expresii:

Trebuie sa cumparam un aragaz nou.

co~ de gunoi > rubbish-bin

cuptor, ma~ina de gatit > oven

prosop > towel

carpa de ~ters pe jos > mop

dulap > cupboard

aragaz > gas-cooker

cratita > saucepan

robinet > tap

chiuveta > sink

faianta > tile

galeata > bucket

frigider > fridge

> [felt]

> [smelt]

forma a III-a

felt

smelt

- u~or, cu u~urinta

- a arata, a parea sa fie

- a mirosi, a avea miros

- a simti, a se simti

- a gusta, a avea gust (de)

- a suna, a rasuna

the best - cel mai bine

- She sings >beautifully

- The train is going very >slowly

- He said it very >sadly

- We must talk with them >politely

- This child writes >awfully

> [felt]

> [smelt]

> [i:zlli]

better - mai bine

easily

forma a II-a

smelt

felt

> [tu luk]

> [tu fi:l]

> [tu tezst]

> [tu smell

> [tu saund]

> [fi:l]

> [smell

in limba engleza, corespondentullui bine este well. Retineti ca gradelesale de comparatie sunt identice cu ale adjectivului good:

well- bine

Retmeti ca in cazul lUI cheap ~l wide putem folosi ~i terminatia Iy:"cheaply, widely".

- tarzlU. eu intarziere high -lnalt, sus

- leftm long - lung, indelungat

-larg hard - tare, dur

- repede. lute early - timpuriu, devreme

Verbele invatate anterior pot fi urmate doar de adjective. Nu se folosescadverbe impreuna cu ele.

- u~oreasy

Ea canta minunat.

Trenul merge foarte Incet.

El a spus asta foarte trist.

Trebuie sa vorbim cu ei politicos.

Acest copil scrie groaznic.

cheap

wide

Aceastii schimbare intervine ~i dacii litera y este precedatii de 0 consoanii:

late

25

in multe cazuri, adjectivul ~i adverbul se traduc prin acela~i cuvant in limba romana.Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu adverbele corespunzatoare:

fast

in englezd. la leI ca ~i in limba romtinii, unele adverbe au formii identicii cu adjectivele care Iecorespund

Sa invatam cateva verbe noi:

to feel

to look

to smell

to sound

to taste

forma I

Doua dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate:

feel

smell

26

Sa invatam alte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:

Verificati daca ati inteles cum se folosesc adverbele. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare:

> My wife knits beautifully.

> I feel very sad today.

> Why are you working so hard?

> She looks very strange.

> We must go fast now.

> How much money do you spend weekly?

> My father always walks very slowly.

> I have bought It very cheap/cheaply.

> She writes strangely.

> My mother drives very well.

> We can do it very easily.

> [ai fi:l veri gud tadei] - Ma simt foarte bine azi.

> [DZa dina' teists greit] - Cina are un gust grozav.

> [iu: luk biu:tifal] - Arati minunat.

> [DZis miu:zik saundz gu:d] - Muzica aceasta suna bine.

> [meri:z t1aua'z smel nais] - Fiorile Mariei au un miros placut.

You look beautiful.

I feel very good today.

lata diteva exemple:

The dinner tastes great.

This music sounds good.

Mary's flowers smell nice.

Ea arata foarte ciudat.

Azi rna simt foarte trist.

Sotia mea tricoteaza minunat.

Acum trebuie sa mergem repede.

De ce lucrezi a~a de mult?

Ea scrie ciudat.

Cati bani cheltuie~ti pe saptamana?

Tatal meu merge intotdeauna foarte incet.

Am cumparat asta foarte ieftin.

Putem face asta foarte u~or.

Mama mea conduce foarte bine.

to serve > [tu sa:'v] - a servi, a folosi

to wrap (up) > [tu rEp ap] - a impacheta

to deliver > [tu dIliva'] - a distribui, a livra

to stock > [tu stok] - a se aproviziona, a avea marfuriin stoc

to support > [tu sapo:'t] - a sprijini, a sustine

insulated > [insiuleitid] - izolat

to let > [tu let] - a inchiria, a fi de inchiriat

for sale > [fo:' seil] - de vanzare

out of order > [aut av o:'da'] - stricat, defect

greasy > [gri:si] - unsuros, alunecos

Recititi cuvintele, intr-o alta ordine:

to support > [tu sapo:rt] - a sprijini, a sustine

to deliver > [tu dilivar] - a distribui, a livra

greasy > [gri:si] - unsuros, alunecos


to let > [tu let] - a inchiria, a fi de inchiriat

to stock > [tu stok] - a se aproviziona, a avea marfuripe stoc

to serve >[tu sa:rv] - a servi, a folosi

for sale > [to:' seil] - de vanzare

to wrap (up) >[tu rEp ap] - a impacheta

out of order > [aut av o:rdar] - stricat, defect

>[ mai sistii'z haus iz fa: r seiJ] - Casa surorii mele este de vanzare.

- Casa ta este izolata?

- Frigiderul este defect.

- Nu folosi aceasta farfurie.Este unsuroasa.

- Sunt cateva camerede inchiriat.

- Vanzatorul ne va servi.

- Puteti impachetaaceste carti?

- Sindicatul sprijinamuncitorii.

- Ei vor livra dulapurilede bucatarie deseara.

- Our house is >insulated.

- This tool >serves to cut wood.

- What time will you >deliver this fridge?

- How long has the car been >out of order?

> [jz ia: r haus insillieitid]

> [DZa ~ap asisUmtUil sa:rv as]

> [daunt iu:z DZis pleitit iz gri:si]

> [DZear a:r a fiu: ru:mztll let]

>[kEn ill: rEp apD1n buks]

>[DZa fridj iz aut av o:rdar]

> [DZel uJ! dllivar DZakabadz m DZl i:vnm(g)]

> [DZa treld lu:man sapo:rtsDZa leibararz]

Is your house insulated?

Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii:

There are a few roomsto let.

My sister's house is for sale.

The fridge is out of order.

The shop-assistantwill serve us.

Can you wrap upthese books?

Don't use this plate.It is greasy.

They will deliver thecupboards in the evening.

La ce ora vei livra acest frigider?

The trade-union supportsthe labourers.

27

Completati urmataarele propozitii in limba engleza:

De cat timp nu functioneaza ma~ina?

Casa noastra este izolata.

Acesta unealta se folose~te la taierea lemnului.

Conform exemplelor prezentate anterior, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza:

Verificati daca ati reu~it sa retineti cuvintele noi. Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte ~i

expresii:

Propozi!ia subordonatii scnsa cu caractere ingro!fate se nume!jte intrebare indirecta!ji este introdusade un pronume mterogativ (where, who, when), dupa care urmeaza topica obi!jnuitaa unei propozi!ii

ajirmative.

- You have >greasy hands.

- Will you >support us at the meeting?

- Is this plane >to let?

- We >stocked it two years ago.

- Do you want to >wrap up this handbag?

> out of order

> insulated

> to deliver

- Our neighbour's house is >for sale.

> to wrap up

> to stock

> greasy

> to serve

> to let

> to support

> for sale

- Nu ~tiu unde este aceasta carte.

- Spune-mi cand vor veni.

> Do you know what his children are doing?

> Do you know how much it is?

> Tell me when I can visit you.

> I don't know who serves here.

> Peter will tell us which house is to let.

- Nu Ie spune unde mi-am pus economiile.

28

Ne vei sustine la ~edinta?

Acest avion este de Inchiriat?

Ai mainile unsuroase.

Am avut asta pe stoc acum cinci ani.

Vrei sa Impachetezi aceasta po~eta?

Casa vecinilor no~tri este de vanzare.

a Impacheta

a tine/a avea marfuri pe stoc

izolat

unsuros

a livra

defect

a Inchiria

a servi

I don't know where this book is.

a sprijini

de vanzare

Cititi urmatoarea propozitie In limba engleza:

De exemplu:

Don't tell them where I have put my savings.

Tell me when they WIll come.

~tii cat costa asta?

Spune-mi dind pot sa te vizitez.

Nu ~tiu cine serve~te aici.

Peter ne va spune care casa este de Inchiriat.

~tii ce fac copiii lui?

> [pi:l DZa pateitouz fo:' dinaf] - Curata cartofii pentru cina!

> [tcl:'n on DZa ti: vi: set pli:z] - Da drumulla televizor, te rog.

Trebuie sa ~tergi praful de pe biblioteca tao

- a ~terge (pe jos)

- a calca (cu fierul)

- a coji, a curata (legume, fructe)

- a ~terge praful

- a goli, a descarca

- a opri, a stinge, a inchide

- a deschide, a da drumul, a aprinde(lumina)

- Am ~ters deja pe jos.

- Vrei sa-mi calci cama~aasta?

- Ai golit scrumierele?

- Trebuie sa ~tergem prafulde pe scaune.

- Trebuie sa inchizi robinetul.

- While I was >ironing the skirt my husbandreturned.

- Before I started to eat breakfastI >had turned on the toaster.

- Are you still >peeling these vegetables?

- We >empty the rubbish-bin every morning.

- You must >dust your bookcase.

- Mother, we can >mop the floorin the bathroom?

- I remember that I >had turned off the radiobefore I left.

> [tu aian]

> [tu mop]

>[tudast]

> [tu ta:fn on]

> [tu empti]

>[tupi:l]

> [tu ta:fn of]

> [ai hEv o:lredi moptDZa flo:']

> lUi] iu: aian DZis ~a:'t

fo:'mi:]

> lUi: mast dast DZa t~eafz]

> [did iu: emptiDZi E~treiz]

> [IU: mast ta:fn ofDza tEp]

to mop

lata cateva verbe noi:

to iron

to dust

to peel

to empty

to tum on

to tum off

Sa introducem aceste verbe in propozitii:

Will you iron this shirtfor me?

We must dust the chairs.

Did you emptythe ash-trays?

I have already moppedthe floor.

Peel the potatoes for dinner.

Turn on the TV set, please.

You must turn off the tap.

Inca mai cureti aceste legume?


29

In timp ce calcam fusta, s-a intorssotul meu.

Inainte de-a incepe sa mananc micul dejun,am pomit aparatul de prajit paine.

Golim co~ul de gunoi in fiecare dimineatlL

Mama, putem sa ~tergem pe josin baie?

Imi amintesc ca am oprit radioul inaintede-a pleca.

Existen{a sau prezen{a, respectiv absen{a unei jiin{e sau a unui obiect se exprimii prin construc{iathere is/there are.

Forma interogativii a acestei expresii se jormeazii prin inversarea ordinii subiectului gramaticalthere ~i a verbului auxiliar:

Forma afirmatiwi se formeazii cu adverbul yes, subiectul gramatical there ~i verbul auxiliar. Pentruforma negativiifolosim cuvantul de nega{ie no, cuvantul there, verbul auxiliar ~i adverbul not:

- Da, este.~ Nu, nu este.

- Da, sunt.- Nu, nu sunt.

- Da, va fi.- Nu, nu va fi.

- Sunt ma~ini pe strada?

- Este a carte pe masa?

- A fast a ~edin1a aici?

> to turn off

> to mop

> to iron

> to peel

> to turn on

> to empty

> to dust

> Is there a house for sale in London?

> Were there many bicycles in that shop?

> Will there be sales in this supennarket?

> [les D'ear lZ]

> [nau DZear iznt]

> lies DZear a:']> [nau DZear a:'nt]

> [ies DZear Uil]> [nauDZearUount]

30

Is there a book on the table?

Are there any cars inthe street?

Has there been a meetinghere?

Yes, there is.No, there isn't.

Yes, there are.No, there aren't.

Yes, there will.No, there won't.

Traduce1i cuvintele ~i expresiile in engleza:

a opn

a ~terge pe jos

a calca (cu fierul)

a coji, a cura1a

a deschide

a goli

a ~terge praful

There are cars inthe street.

There is a book on the table.

Fonnula1i intrebari pentru unnatoarele propozi1ii:

There has been a meetinghere.

Is there coffee at home?

There were many bicycles in that shop.

Aceastii expresie poate ji folositii la toate timpurile.

There is a house for sale in London.

There will be sales in this supermarket.

Will there be a meeting here?

Are there any mops here?

Formulati raspunsuri afirmative ~i negative la urmatoarele intrebari:

to offer > [tu Ola'] -. a oferi

to permit > [tu pamit] - a permite

to allow >[tualau] - a permite, a da voie,- a admite

to promise > [tu promis] - a promite

to refuse > [tu rifiu:z] - a refuza, a respinge

Have there been any accidents this month?

No, >there haven't.

No, >there won't.

No, >there aren'f.

No, >there haven't.

- Iti vor oferi 0 slujbamai buna?

- El mi-a promis 0 ma~ina noua.

- Conducerea a refuzat sa-mi deao marire de salariu.

- Mama nu-ti va da voiesa mergi la cinematograf.

- Ti-au permissa aduci ciiinele?

- She > refused to help me.

- I don't> permit/allow you to smoke here.

- > Promise me you will return early.

- I can> otfer you two apartments.

31

> [hI. prol1w,t mi' a nlll: ka:']

> [0 ,: 1:1EmdJrnant nfiu:zdtl. ;1\ ill1: a relz]

> [-11 D"el or~l' 'u

3 bet:l' dwb ~

> [m,ID-a' "11 not alau iu:tu gau tu DZa sinama]

> [hEv DZei pamitid iu:tu brin(g) DZa dog]

Yes, >there have.

Yes, >there will.

Yes, >there have.

Yes, >there are.

Will there be any good films on TV today?

Are there any cups in the cupboard?

Have there been any labourers here?

Va prezentam ultimul set de verbe noi din aceasta lectie:

Urmantl foloslrea acestor verbe in propozitii:

He promised me a ne\\ car.

The managment refusedto give me a raise.

Will they offer youa better job?

Have they permItted:. outo bring the dog'>

Mother will not allow youto go to the cinema.

Completatl propozqiile urmatoare cu verbele corespunzatoare:

Promite-mi ca te vei intoarce devreme.

Pot sa-ti ofer doua apartamente.

Nu-ti permit sa fumezi aici.

Ea a refuzat sa rna ajute.

Iar acum sa sintetizam materia din aceasta parte a lectiei intr-un exercitiu. Traduceti in limba englezaurmatoarele propozitii:

Traduceti verbele unnlitoare in limba engleza:

a oferi

a refuza

a permite

a ingadui

a promite

Trebuie sa golim repede frigiderul.

Cand vor livra dulapurile?

Ea a spus asta foarte politicos.

Poti folosi aceasta galeata.

Cat ca~tigi lunar?

Aratati minunat impreuna.

Spune-mi unde sunt aceste cratite.

Poate cineva sa-mi calce bluza?

Este paine acasa'J

EI a condus intotdeauna foarte bine ma~ina.

32

> to offer

> to refuse

> to permit

> to allow

> to promise

> We must empty the fridge fast.

> What time will they deliver the cupboards?

> She said this very politely.

> You can use this bucket.

> How much do you earn monthly?

> You look beautiful together.

> Tell me where these saucepans are.

> Can anybody iron my blouse?

> Is there any bread at home?

> He has always driven the car very well.

LECTIA 18 - PARTEA A nOVA,

Cititi cu atentie urmatorul dialog fiind atenti la pronuntie ~i intonatie. Cuvintele ~i silabele accentuatesunt scrise ingro~at:

Barbara: How did she help you?

John: You know I wanted to buy a car after I had earned more money. But I was still short ofmoney and she gave me some.

Barbara: Today we must go to the supermarket to do some shopping. There are many things on myshopping-list. Now you can return this money!

John: Why must we go to the supermarket all the time?

Barbara: Because the shop-assistants are very polite there and they stock almost everything. Andtoday they have sales there.

Mary, have you heard that a lot oflabourers don't like their jobs?

No, I haven't. And why don't they like their jobs?

They say their wages are too low and they must often apply for a raise.

Well, I have heard about that. But the management has refused their applications so far.Hardly any employees like the management.

And the other problem is that there is unemployment in our surroundings. Even John hashardly worked this summer. The trade-union wants to negotiate about the strike.

And all our employees are members of this trade-union. The management already knowsabout it and wants to fire some of the employees. Do you know how many people theywant to fire')

No, I don ·t. I think there must be a few. But there are many unskilled workers and theywill not get a job.

I must give my thanks to your mother because she has helped me.

Good. today I'll take you to the supermarket in my new car.

33

Mary, today we have a lot of work to do.

I know. I must dust the tables, empty the rubbish-bin and iron my father's shirts.

And I must place the gas-cooker somewhere else, because it cannot stand next to thefridge.

But you can't do it today. All of our electric tools are out of order.

I almost forgot about that. Then I'll go and buy a new electric oven to the kitchen.

But Tom, we must pay for it in cash and right now we are short of cash.

Then I will peel the vegetables for dinner.

Peter:

Mary:

Mary:

Peter:

Peter:

Mary:

Peter:

John:

Mary:

Tom:

Tom:

John:

Mary:

Mary:

Tom:

Tom:

Barbara: What are the contents of that book?

Barbara: Then I will also read that book.

Barbara: Now you can read it, but later I will turn on the radio and we can listen to some music.

> Will we meet to negotIate raises?

> After I had written a letter I boughttwo stamps.

> I think I will apply for a better joband higher wages.

> They want to grow oats this year.

> Two years ago we lived inbeautiful surroundings.

> Before we started work we had waitedfor them.

> Our employees want to changethe management.

> My colleagues don't want this strike.

> All customers are satisfied with the shoppingin our supermarket.

> Have they already raised wages?

> Don't forget to take the shopping-list andthe shopping-bag.

> Do they give discounts only during sales?

> This news is very Important.

> They hardly ever do homework.

> Must I leave the trolley at the cash-desk?

> I haven't any friends in this town.> I have no friends In thIS town.

> He earns a lot and buys only bargains.

> Do you think this cupboard will be usefulin the kitchen?

> How much is thIS bycicle?

But I want to read this book tonight. You know I read two books daily.

The contents of this book are very important and useful for a secretary.

Peter:

Peter:

Ei nu-~i fac aproape niciodata tema pentru acasa.

34

Nu uita sa iei lista de cumparaturi ~i saco~a.

Toti clientii sunt satisfacuti de cumparaturiledin supermagazinul nostru.

Aceasta ~tire este foarte importanta.

Cred ca voi solicita 0 slujba mai buna~i un salariu mai mare.

Dupa ce am scris 0 scrisoare, am cumparatdoua timbre.

Anul acesta ei vor sa cultive ovaz.

Au marit deja salariile?

Inainte sa incepem lucrul, i-am a~teptat.

Angajatii no~tri vor sa schimbe conducerea.

Acum doi ani am locuit intr-ozona minunata.

Colegii mei nu vor aceasta greva.

Ne vom intalni ca sa negociemmaririle de salarii?

Rezolvati urmatorul exercitiu care sintetizeaza intregul material al lectiei. Traduceti urmatoarelepropozitii in limba engleza:

El ca~tiga multi bani ~i cumpara numaila pret redus.

Trebuie sa las caruciorulla casa?

Nu am prieteni in acest ora~.

Crezi ca acest dulap va fi util in bucatarie?

Cat costa aceasta bicicleta?

Fac reduceri doar in perioadasoldurilor?

"Don't forget to take the shopping-list and the shopping-bag."

In incheiere, va propunem un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele de la inceputul coloanelor ~i cele scriseaccentuat indica acela~i sunet:

> Where are the towels?

> Before we went to Mary we had moppedthe floors.

> He walks very strangely.

> This story can't be true.

> Have you anything to tell me?

> The shop-asslstant is Just wrapping upmy shoppmg

> The TV set is out of order.

> Ask hIm \\ hen he shuts the shop.

>Can you tum off the radIO')

> Dust the tables and Iron these clothes.

> Are there any books here?

Intreaba-l cand inchide magazinul.

~terge praful de pe mese ~i calca aceste haine.

El merge foarte ciudat.

Unde sunt prosoapele?

Ai ceva sa-mi spui?

Aceasta poveste nu poate fi adevarata.

Inainte sa mergem la Mary noi am ~ters

pe jos.

Poti sa opre~ti radioul?

Televizorul nu functioneaza.

\Tanzatorul tocmai imi impacheteazacumparatunle.

Sunt ni~te carti aici?

[i:] [a] [ai] [ei]

peel dust iron sale

seen bucket tile make

leave but wide late

green sun drive date

35

18.1. Adverbe

18.1.4. Alaturi de unele verbe pot sta doar adjective, nu adverbe:

In mod similar se fonneaza adverbe ~i din substantivele care exprima timpul:

the best - cel mai bme

-u~or

- a arata, a parea sa fie

- a se simti, a simti, a avea 0 senzatie sauun sentiment

- a suna, a rasuna

- a gusta, a avea un anumit gust

beautifully - minunat

- a mirosi, a avea un miros

easily

36

better - mai bine

- minunat

- u~or

beautiful

month -luna monthly - lunar, in fiecare luna

week - saptamana weekly - saptamanal, in fiecaresaptamana

da~ - Zl daily - zilnic, in fiecare zi

well - bine

late - tarziu, cu intarziere

cheap - ieftin

wide -larg

fast - repede, iute

high - inalt, sus

long - lung, indelungat

hard - tare, dur

early - timpuriu, devreme

to feel

In cazul adverbelor "cheap" ~i "wide" se fo1ose~te ~i terminatia ,,-ly": "cheaply,widely".

to smell

to look

to taste

Retineti ca in cuvantul "daily", litera y s-a schimbat in i.

Aceea~i schimbare se petrece ~i in cazul in care litera -y este precedata de 0 consoana:

to sound

18.1.1. Majoritatea adverbelor se fonneaza din adjective, prin adaugarea tenninatiei ,,-ly":

18.1.2. In limba engleza adverbul corespunzator adjectivului "bun" este "well". Retineti:comparativul ~i superlativul lui "well" sunt identice cu fonnele corespunzatoareale adjectivului "good":

18.1 .3. In limba engleza, la fel ca in limba romana, mai multe adverbe au fonna identica cuadjectivele corespunzatoare:

RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 18,

Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subiectului gramatical "there" ~i averbului auxiliar:

Propozitia subordonata este introdusa de un pronume interogativ (where, who, what etc.),dupa care urmeaza 0 propozitie cu structura afirmativa:

18.3.2. Raspunsul afirmativ se formeaza cu adverbul "yes", subiectul gramatical "there" ~i

verbul auxiliar. Negatia se compune din cuvantul "no", subiectul gramatical "there",verbul auxiliar ~i cuvantul "not":

- Este 0 carte pe masa?

- Nu, nu este.

- Da, este.

- Nu ~tiu unde este aceasta carte.

- Nu Ie spune undemi-am pus economiile.

Is there a book onthe table?

No, there isn't.

37

There is a book onthe table.

Is there coffee at home? Yes, there is.

Aceasta structura poate fi folosita la toate timpurile.

I don't know where this book is.

Don't tell them where I haveput my savings.

18.3.1. Interogativul

18.2. Intrebari indirecte

18.3. "There is/there are"

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 18

A. Traduce!i urmatoarele propozi!ii in limba romana:

1. They haven't delivered the sink and tap so far.

2. Are there any mops to mop the floors?

3. I don't know where they will stock the cupboards.

4. At the moment he is working hard.

5. She had looked beautiful before she cut her hair.

6. My mother is satisfied with the new toaster.

B. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

I. Aceasta suna minunat, dar nu ~tiu cand putem merge acolo.

2. Sunt apartamente de inchiriat in aceasta cladire?

3. £1 a spus asta foarte trist.

4. Ne vei sprijini in timpul negocierilor?

5. Muzica a sunat foarte bine, dar textul nu a fost interesant.

6. Este cineva aici?

C. Corectati gre~elile din urmatoarele propozitii:

I. I didn't feel very well yesterday.

2. There aren't any money in my purse.

3. I know he works very hardly.

4. Can you tell me what time must we be at school tomorrow?

5. There isn't no restaurant in our surroundings.

6. He usually eats one meal dayly.

38

Verbele neregulate din lectiile 17 ~i 18

forma I

feel > [fil]

smell > [smel]

forma a II-a

felt > [felt]

smelt > [smelt]

39

forma a III-a

felt > [felt]

smelt > [smelt]

VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 17 SI 18, ,

after > [a:fti'F] - dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce,ulterior

to allow > [tu alau] - a permite, a da voie, a admite

any > [eni] - orice, oricare

anybody > [enibadi] - oricine, oricare, cineva

anything > [eniTSinig)] - orice, ceva

anywhere > [eniUear] - oriunde, undeva

to apply for > [tu aplai fa: r] - a se adresa pentru, a cere, a solicita

application > [Eplikei~an] - cerere, solicitare

bargain > [ba:rgin] - vanzare la pret favorabil, chilipir,afacere

before > [bifo: r] - i'nainte (de), i'naintea, dinaintea


cash > [kE~] - bani gheatii, bani In numerar

cash-desk > [kE~ desk] - casa (i'ntr-un magazin)



cupboard > [kabad] - dulap de bucatane

customer > [kastamar] - cumparator, client

to deliver > [tu dilivar] - a distribui, a livra

discount > [diskaunt] - reducere (de preturi)

to dust > [tu dast] - a ~terge praful

to earn > [tu a:rn] - a ca~tiga bani (prin munca)

employee > [emplaii:] - angajat, salariat

to empty > [tu empti] - a goli, a descarca

even > [i:vn] - chiar, pana ~i, nici macar

exit > [egzit] - ie~ire

to feel > [tLl fi:l] - a simti, a se simti

to fire > [tLl faiar] - a concedia

40

for sale >[fo:Tseil] - de vanzare

fridge > [fridj] - frigider

gas-cooker > [gEs kukar] - aragaz

greasy > [gri:si] - unsuros, gras

hard >[ha:Td] - tare, dur, greu

hardly > [ha:Tdli] - abia, mai deloc, prea putin

hardly any > [ha:Tdli eni] - abia, putin/un pic

hardly ever > [ha:Tdli evaT] - foarte rar, aproape niciodata,nu prea

How much is ... >[hau mat~ iz] - Cat costa...

important > [impo:Ttant] - important, semnificativ


to iron >[tu aian] - a calca (cu fierul)

job >[djob] - loc de munca, serviciu

labourer > [leibaraT] - muncitor

to let >[tu let] - a inchiria, de inchiriat

to look >[tu luk] - a parea, a arata, a avea aerul


member >[membaT] - membru

mop >[mop] - carpa de ~ters pe jos

to mop >[tu mop] - a ~terge pe jos


to negotiate > [tu nigau~ieit] - a negocia, a duce tratative

nowhere > [noUueaT] - nicaieri, niciunde

oats > [outs] - ovaz

to offer > [tu ofar] - a oferi, a acorda

out of order > [aut ov o:rdaT] - stricat, defect

oven >[om] - cuptor

to peel >[tu pi:!] - a coji, a curata (Iegume/fructe)

to permit > [tu pamit] - a permite

proceeds > [prousi:dz] - ca~tig (dintr-o activitale)

41

to promise > [tu promis]

raise > [reiz]

to raise > [tu reiz]

receipt > [risi:t]

to reduce > [tu ridiu:s]

to refuse > [tu rifiu:z]

riches > [rit~iz]

rubbish-bin > [rabi~ bin]

sales > [seilz]


saucepan > [so:spEn]

savmgs > [sezvin(g)z]

to serve > [tu sa:rv]

shop-assistant > [~op asistant]

shopping-bag > [~opin(g) bEg]



short of (something) > [~o:rt av]

sink > [sin(g)k]

to smell > [tu smel]

somebody > [sambadi]

somewhere > [samUear]

to sound > [tu saund]

to stock > [tu stok]

strike > [straik]

supermarket > [su:parma:rkit]

to support > [tu sapo:rt]

surroundings > [saraundintg)z]

tap > [tEp]

to taste > [tu teist]

42

- a promite

- sporire, marire

- a spori, a mari

- chitanta, nota de plata

- a reduce, a mic~ora

- a refuza, a respinge

- avere, bogatie

- co~ de gunoi

- reduceri, vanzarea soldurilor

- satisIacut, multumit (de)

- cratita

- economii (bani)

- a servi, a fi folosit

- vanzator, vanzatoare

- saco~a sau punga de cumparaturi

- !ista de cumparaturi

- vitrina

- lipsa de (ceva)

- chiuveta

- a mirosi, a avea miros

- cineva

- undeva

- a suna, a rasuna

- a aproviziona, a tine/a aveamarfuri pe stoc

- greva

- supermarket

- a sprijini, a sustine

- imprejurimi, vecinatate

- robinet

- a gusta, a avea gust (de)

thanks > [TSEn(g)ks] - multumiri, recuno~tinta

tile > [tail] - faiantalteracota



trolley > [troli] - carucior (intr-un supermarket)

true > [tru:] - adevarat

to tum off > [tu ta:rn of] - a opri, a stinge, a inchide

to tum on > [tu ta:1n on] - a deschide, ada drumul, a aprinde

(lumina etc.)

unemployement > [animploimant] - ~omaj

unskilled > [anskild] - necalificat

useful > [iu:stal] - folositor, util


well > [Uel] - bine

to wrap up > [tu rEp ap] - a impacheta

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Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 17-18

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Transcript of Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 17-18