engleza finalizat

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Ministerul Educatiei,Cercetarii,

Tineretului si Sportului

LICEUL TEORETIC<<DIACONOVICI-TIETZ>>

RESITA

Atestat pentru obtinerea certificatului

de competenta lingvistica la limba engleza

Prof. coordinator Candidat

Adina Ghinaci Jurjica A

Sesiunea mai 2011

1



SHOPPING:

SUPERMARKETS AND MALLS

2



1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………4

2.Supermarkets and Shopping Malls…………………………………………………......5

2.1 General Presentation….........................................................................................5

2.1.1 Supermarkets……………………………………………………………………….5

2.1.2 Shopping Mall……………………………………………………………………….7

2.2 List of Supermarkets and Malls in Romania………………………………..………10

2.3 List of supermarkets and Malls in Resita………………………………………........11

2.4History of supermarkets & Malls………………………………………………….…..12

3.Survey…………………….………………………………………………………………....16

3.1Questionaire……………………………………………………………………………..16

3.2 Results…………………………………………………………………………..………17

4.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….18

5.Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………...19

3



1.Introduction

When I was a child, my family and I used to go to a local supermarket that was

close to our home. I enjoyed accompanying my parents at the supermarket because I

could buy different toys and candies. The toys that the supermarket had for sale were

not available in toy stores. Most of the toy stores in town didn’t carry toys like this

supermarket; this market had small dolls with their houses and small remote control

cars. The supermarket was organized in a unique way that made its interior look

different from the other grocery stores.

I chose this topic because it is important that people know all the facilities of a

supermarket and shopping mall before buying.

I will write about supermarkets and shopping malls and I will begin with a

short general presentation about them, then I will write about the history of

supermarkets and malls.

To find out about the people’s attitude towards supermarkets and malls, I

made a survey. The last part of the paper includes the questionnaire used and the

conclusion I draw from the people I asked.

The paper ends with my general conclusions.

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2.Supermarkets and Shopping Malls

2.1 General Presentation

2.1.1 Supermarkets

A supermarket, a form of grocery store, is a self-service store offering a wide

variety of food and household merchandise, organized into departments. It is larger in

size and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store, also selling items

typically found in a convenience store, but is smaller and more limited in the range of

merchandise than a hypermarket or big-box store.

The supermarket typically sells meat, fresh produce, dairy, and baked goods

departments, along with shelf space reserved for canned and packaged goods as wellas for various non-food items such as household cleaners, pharmacy products and pet

supplies. Most supermarkets also sell a variety of other household products that are

consumed regularly, such as alcohol (where permitted), medicine, and clothes, and

some stores sell a much wider range of non-food products.

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The traditional suburban supermarket occupies a large amount of floor space,

usually on a single level. It is usually situated near a residential area in order to be

convenient to consumers. Its basic appeal is the availability of a broad selection of

goods under a single roof, at relatively low prices. Other advantages include ease of

parking and frequently the convenience of shopping hours that extend far into the

evening or even 24 hours a day. Supermarkets usually allocate large budgets to

advertising, typically through newspapers. They also present elaborate in-store displays

of products. The stores are usually part of corporate chains that own or control

(sometimes by franchise) other supermarkets located nearby—even transnationally—

thus increasing opportunities for economies of scale. Supermarkets are typically

supplied by the distribution centers of their parent companies, such as Loblaw

Companies in Canada, which operates thousands of supermarkets across the nation.

Loblaw operates a distribution centre in every province—usually in the largest city in the

province.

Supermarkets usually offer products at low prices by reducing their economic

margins. Certain products (typically staple foods such as bread, milk and sugar) are

occasionally sold as loss leaders, that is, with negative profit margins. To maintain a

profit, supermarkets attempt to make up for the lower margins by a higher overall

volume of sales, and with the sale of higher-margin items. Customers usually shop by

placing their selected merchandise into shopping carts (trolleys) or baskets (self-

service) and pay for the merchandise at the check-out. At present, many supermarket

chains are attempting to further reduce labor costs by shifting to self-service check-out

machines, where a single employee can oversee a group of four or five machines at

once, assisting multiple customers at a time.

A larger full-service supermarket combined with a department store is

sometimes known as a hypermarket. Other services offered at some supermarkets may

include those of banks, cafés, childcare centres/creches, photo processing, video

rentals, pharmacies and/or petrol stations.

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Metro Cash & Carry is an international market leader in the sector of self-

service wholesale and at the same time the most international retail brand with the

highest sales volume of the METRO GROUP.

Metro Cash & Carry Romania opened the first store in Otopeni in October

1996. In the following decade, the company concentrated on expanding the sales

network, which developed at record speed with excellently balanced territory coverage.

A total of 25 stores are now operating in the country in the following locations:

Bucharest (5), Brasov (2), Constanta (2), Timisoara (2) and one each at Cluj, Bacau,

Craiova, Baia Mare, Iasi, Suceava, Galati, Ploiesti, Oradea, Sibiu, Targu Mures, Pitesti

and Arad, with a total selling space of over 170,000 sqm and an assortment of 17,500articles available to professional customers under one roof. In April 2010, Metro Cash &

Carry Romania introduced the new concept store "METRO Punct" in Satu Mare. The

"METRO Punct" store mainly targets small and meduim-sized traders and retailers.

Currently the company operates two such stores, with the 2nd location in Piatra Neamţ.

Shopping Malls

A shopping mall, shopping centre, or simply mall is one or more buildings

forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways

enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area – a modern,

indoor version of the traditional marketplace.

Modern "car-friendly" strip malls developed from the 1920s, and shopping

malls corresponded with the rise of suburban living in many parts of the Western World,

especially the United States, after World War II. From early on, the design tended to be

inward-facing, with malls following theories of how customers could best be enticed in a

controlled environment. Similar, the concept of a mall having one or more "anchor" or

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"big box" stores was pioneered early, with individual stores or smaller-scale chain stores

intended to benefit from the shoppers attracted by the big stores

In most of the world the term shopping centre is used, especially in Europe,

Australasia and South America; however shopping mall is also used, predominantly in

North America and the Philippines. Outside of North America, shopping precinct and

shopping arcade are also used. In North America, the term shopping mall is usually

applied to enclosed retail structures (and is generally abbreviated to simply mall), while

shopping center usually refers to open-air retail complexes; both types of facilities

usually have large parking lots, face major traffic arterials and have few pedestrian

connections to surrounding neighborhoods.

Shopping arcade in Tokyo, Japan

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Shopping centers in the United Kingdom can be referred to as "shopping

centers", "shopping precincts", or "town centers". The standard British pronunciation of

the word "mall" is as in "The Mall, London" – the tree-lined avenue leading to

Buckingham Palace, London and also like "pal" (friend). Mall can refer to either a

shopping mall – a place where a collection of shops all adjoin a pedestrian area – or an

exclusively pedestrianized street that allows shoppers to walk without interference from

vehicle traffic. Mall is generally used in North America to refer to a large shopping area

usually composed of a single building which contains multiple shops, usually "anchored"

by one or more department stores surrounded by a parking lot, while the term arcade is

more often used, especially in Britain, to refer to a narrow pedestrian-only street, often

covered or between closely spaced buildings (see town center). A larger, often partly

covered and exclusively pedestrian shopping area is in Britain also termed a shopping

centre, shopping precinct, or pedestrian precinct.

The majority of British shopping centers are in town centers, usually inserted

into old shopping districts and surrounded by subsidiary open air shopping streets. A

number of large out-of-town "regional malls" such as Meadow hall, Sheffield and the

Trafford Centre, Manchester were built in the 1980s and 1990s, but planning regulations

prohibit the construction of any more. Out-of-town shopping developments in the UK arenow focused on retail parks, which consist of groups of warehouse style shops with

individual entrances from outdoors. Planning policy prioritizes the development of

existing town centers, although with patchy success. The Metro Centre, in Gates head

(near Newcastle upon Tyne), is the largest shopping center in Europe with over 330

shops, 50 restaurants and an 11 screen cinema and Westfield London is the largest

inner-city shopping center in Europe. Bullring, Birmingham is the busiest shopping

center in the UK welcoming over 36.5 million shoppers in its opening year.

With a retail experience of almost two decades, IULIUS GROUP is the most

prominent developer and operator of mall type shopping centers in Romania. The

company holds in its portfolio four malls under the IULIUS brand, in Iasi, Timisoara,

Cluj-Napoca and Suceava, centers that attract over 40 million visitors annually.

Currently IULIUS GROUP is developing in Iasi the Pales urban ensemble, an

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investment having a value that exceeds 260 million euro. In its capacity as active

member of the International Council of Shopping Centers in New York, IULIUS GROUP

benefits from the active support of this international organization in the development,

building and operation of shopping centers.

Inaugurated in 2005 and further extended in 2009, Iulius Mall Timisoara is the

largest mall outside the Capital city, having a total built area of 177,613 square meters

and a total leasable area of 64,215 square meters.

330 stores, 2,500 parking places located above and underground, food court having a

capacity of 1,700 persons and 14 fast food units, these are the coordinates of the mall

located in the Banat region after a total investment with a 105 million euro value.

Since the beginning, Iulius Mall Timisoara became a lifestyle landmark for the

inhabitants of the western region of our country, impressively surprising through its

original architecture, the diversity of brands and the countless opportunities for

relaxation and entertainment.

2.2 List of Supermarkets and Malls in Romania

This is a list of supermarket and other retail chains in Romania. The Romanian

supermarket industry is a highly successful market in the retail area. The concept of

supermarkets or hypermarkets came to Romania after 1989, and most supermarkets

are made up of joint ventures between Romanian and foreign investors. Since 2000,

there has been a strong growth in the number of supermarkets in the country,

particularly in Bucharest and other main urban areas.

• Auchan (7 hypermarkets & 1 supermarket)

• Carrefour (23 hypermarkets)

• Carrefour Express (23 supermarkets)

• Cora (7 hypermarkets)

• Kaufland (60 hypermarkets)

• Metro (30 cash and carry stores)

• Real (25 hypermarkets)

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• Selgros (18 cash and carry stores)

• Billa (56 supermarkets)

•

Penny Market (106 discount supermarkets)• Penny Market XXL (6 discount hypermarkets)

• Spar (1 hypermarket & 12 supermarkets)

• Plus (107 discount supermarkets)

• Profi (83 supermarkets)

• Albinuta (9 supermarkets)

• Mega Image (60 supermarkets)

• G'market (7 supermarkets)• miniMAX Discount (44 discount supermarkets)

• Angst (24 supermarkets)

• Oncos (36 supermarkets in Cluj-Napoca area)

• Altex (70 stores)

• Flanco (74 stores)

• Domo (134 stores - 127 DOMO and 7 Technomarket)

• Media Galaxy (13 stores)

• DIY hypermarkets:

• Praktiker (27 stores)

• Bricostore (14 stores)

• Mr. Bricolage (3 stores)

• Baumax (13 stores)

• Hornbach (4 stores)

• OBI (7 stores)

• Arabesque (18 stores)

• Brithouse (4 stores)

• Interhome (5 stores)

• Ambient (12 stores)

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• Dedeman (24 stores)

• Ikea (1 store)

•

Mobexpert (32 stores)

• Future entrances of supermarket chains into the Romanian market:

• Tesco

• Lidl (2007-2009)

2.3 List of supermarkets and Malls in Resita

• Nerra Shopping Center(Kenvelo, House of art, Amely, Nike, Flanco,Orange,

Vodafone, Cosmote, Carrefour Express,Daro Sport, Diverta, B&B Collection)

• 1 Hypermarket Kaufland + Deichmann, Takko , Queen, Dm, Flanco world

• 1 Supermatket Plus

• 1 Supermarket Billa

• 2 Supermarket-uri Carrefour express

• 2 Supermarket-uri Profi

• 1 Hypermarket Dedeman

2.4 History of supermarkets & Malls

Malls

The first structure resembling what is considered to be a "shopping mall" in the

present-day is located in The City of Damascus, the capital city of Syria. It is called Al-

Hamidiyah Souq in old Damascus and dates back to the seventh century. Isfahan's

Grand Bazaar, which is largely covered, dates from the 10th century. The 10 kilometer

long covered Tehran's Grand Bazaar also has a long history. The Grand Bazaar of

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Istanbul was built in the 15th century and is still one of the largest covered markets in

the world, with more than 58 streets and 4,000 shops.

Gostiny Dvor in St. Petersburg, which opened in 1785, may be regarded as one of thefirst purposely-built mall-type shopping complexes, as it consisted of more than 100

shops covering an area of over 53,000 m2 (570,000 sq ft). The Oxford Covered Market

in Oxford, England opened in 1774 and still runs today.

Cabot Circus shopping centre, Bristol, England

The Burlington Arcade in London was opened in 1819. The Arcade in

Providence, Rhode Island introduced the retail arcade concept to the United States in

1828. This was a forerunner of today's shopping mall.The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II

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in Milan, Italy followed in the 1870s and is closer to large modern malls in spaciousness.

Other large cities created arcades and shopping centres in the late 19th century and

early 20th century, including the Cleveland Arcade, Dayton Arcade and Moscow's GUM,

which opened in 1890. Early shopping centers designed for the automobile include

Market Square, Lake Forest, Illinois (1916) and Country Club Plaza, Kansas City,

Missouri (1924).

An early indoor mall prototype in the United States was the Lake View Store

at Morgan Park, Duluth, Minnesota, which was built in 1915 and held its grand opening

on July 20, 1916. The architect was Dean and Dean from Chicago and the building

contractor was George H. Lounsberry from Duluth. The building is two stories with a fullbasement, and shops were originally located on all three levels. All of the stores were

located within the interior of the mall; some shops were accessible from inside and out.

In the mid-20th century, with the rise of the suburb and automobile culture in the United

States, a new style of shopping centre was created away from downtown.

Supermarkets

We take it for granted today, but less than 100 years ago, the supermarket

seemed like some sort of bizarre fantasy. Wait a minute-that’s what it seems like today,

too. Well, anyway, here are some historical highlights.

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At the end of the 19th

century, a typical food-shopping trip wasn’t as easy as it is today. Buying grocerieswould have included, for example:

* Stop at the butcher for meat. (You could also choose from a small selection of canned

goods and bread.)

* A stop at the fruit store for fresh produce.

* Stopping on the street to buy from milk wagons, and from horse-and-wagon peddlers

hawking their specialties-anything from baked goods to fish or ice.

* A final stop at the local grocer, who sold canned goods, potatoes, and sugar in 100-

pound sacks, molasses, and sauerkraut in barrels, bacon in slabs, and butter in tubs.

But strolling through the aisles was out of the question. At the counter, customers told

the grocer what they wanted and a clerk would fill their order.

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THE SELF-SERVE STORE

Then, in 1916 Clarence Saunders opened the Piggly Wiggly store in Memphis,

Tennessee. “Astonished customers,” write the Sterns in their Encyclopedia of Pop

Culture, “were given baskets (shopping carts weren’t invented) and sent through the

store to pick what they needed-a job formerly reserved for clerks.” Although customers

were a little bewildered by the dozens of stocked aisles at first, Piggly Wigglyy was an

immediate success. It grossed $114,000 in the first six months-with expenses of only

$3,400. Before long, there were over 1,000 of them in 40 states. The self-serve grocery

store began to spread.

3. Survey

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3.1 Questionnaire

Q.1) Your Name: __________

Q.2) Address: _________________

Q.3) Contact Number: ____________________

Q.4) Email ID: ______________________

Q.5) Where from would you prefer to do your shopping?

Q.6)Do you prefer to buy fresh products from the market?

Q.7)Do you prefer supermarkets or markets?

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3.2 Results

Sales

Market

customersSupermarket

customers

I did a survey this month to check how many people choose to do their

shopping in supermarkets and how many people choose to do shopping at the market!

I asked 100 people and the answers were: 25% from the buyerschose the supermarket and 75% chose the market.

I asked why they made that choice and the majority responded that they wanted to buy

cheap and healthy products and the only place to find them is at the market.

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4.Conclusions

Supermarket Vs. Market

The advantage of the markets, apart from being beautiful and enjoyable, is

that you can speak to the producers and support them, whereas supermarkets will

cream off most of a small-producer’s profits. It is obvious which market stalls are selling

their own specialist products, like home-grown vegetables, poultry, or foie grass, as

oppose to those traders who are selling lots of different cheeses, vegetables or meat,

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which they themselves have bought.

It is absolutely brilliant to be able to ask a stall owner, selling one type of

cheese, for example, how their animals live and how the cheese is made. A market stall

selling just their own cheese or poultry will often have a pictures of their livestock’s living

conditions. In a supermarket, even if a cheese or wine does come from nearby, it is

likely that the products are manufactured from milk or grapes that are delivered to a

coop by lots of different farmers.

Individual shops, such as bakers, butchers and chocolate shops are a superb resource.

They sell their own produce, or the owner can tell you all about where their

stock and ingredients come from (usually local). In France, those that have chosen to

dedicate their lives to running their own specialist outlet, will have studied their trade

and production skills for a number of years before getting started.While these shops can

be more expensive than the supermarkets, the quality of your purchases will be

significantly higher, usually fresher, and with less preservatives etc. You don't have to

wait until market day to stock up on goodies from these shops, and they do need

support; more and more French consumers are falling into the supermarket trap, and if

we're not careful the specialists will die out, like so many did in the UK.

In conclusion, markets are more fun and vibrant than supermarkets, withtasters, freebees, hustle, bustle etc., but are, along with specialist shops, also fantastic

if you are curious about the origins of what you are eating. Cost-wise, the market stalls

and individual shops cannot compete with the supermarkets.

5.Bibliography

Secrets of the Shopping Mall – Richard Peck

Call of the Mall – Paco Underhill

www.wikipedia.ro

www.supermarketnews.com

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http://www.wikipedia.ro/

http://www.supermarketnews.com/

http://www.wikipedia.ro/

http://www.supermarketnews.com/



www.esmmagazine.com

http://www.esmmagazine.com/

http://www.esmmagazine.com/

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