ENGLAND
description
Transcript of ENGLAND
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Introduction
With this book I want to present about England in life. You will have the
opportunity to meet this country in all aspects such as, culture, politics, cuisine,
religion, economy and many others. When you will read this book, you will see,
a typical day in this important country, also find variety of data and information
that you do not know yet.
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It is a combination of the crosses of the holy employers of England, of Scotland
and of Northern Ireland, three of four regions that, together with Wales, form the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The red cross of the
center on white bottom is the flag of San Jorge, of England. The white arm on
blue bottom is the flag of Scotland, San Andres’s cross. And the red arm on
white bottom is the cross of San Patricio, of Ireland. Given the absolute English
hegemony in the United Kingdom, the set of three flags gets confused very
commonly with the flag of England.
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Owner: The monarch of the United Kingdom.
Entity: United Kingdom
Adopted: 1801 (the first version); 1837 (current version)
Cimera: a lion crowned leopard.
Corona: Corona de San Eduardo.
Motto:" Dieu et Mon droit "(God and my right)
Orders: The currency of the Order of the Garter.
Other elements: A heraldic rose, a flower of thistle and a clover (emblems of
England, Scotland and Ireland)
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The Flag of England, also known as the Cross of San Jorge it is composed by a vertical cross, of dark red color that symbolizes San Jorge on a cloth of white color. Hoisting in 1191, the historical flag of San Jorge turned into the flag of England into 1278. When it combined with the flags of Scotland and the Holy Boss of Ireland, it formed the most known British flag.
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The shield of England is formed by the only field of gules in that from Leon three of gold appear, lampshades and armed with azure. The shield of weapon of England was introduced by the king Ricardo I during the last decade of the 12th century, as he believes himself as a version of the duchy of Normandy, which shield is formed by two leopards. Though the figures in both heraldries were identical, in England it passed to considering them to be lions. The shield of England remained incorporated in the weapon of the British monarchs into the belonging ones to Scotland and Northern Ireland.
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God save the Queen
Strophe I God save our gracious Queen, Long live our noble Queen, God save the Queen: Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us: God save the Queen. Strophe II O Lord, our God, arise, Scatter thine (or her) enemies, And make them fall: Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, On thee our hopes we fix: God save us all. Strophe III Thy choicest gifts in store, On her be pleased to pour; Long may she reign: May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice God save the Queen.
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England possesses the center and south of both third parts of the island of
Great Britain, besides a series of small islands of which the biggest is Wight's
Island. England is bordered in the northern part by Scotland and in the western
part with Wales. It is more near continental Europe that in any other part of the
rest of Great Britain, separated from France only for 24 miles statute (52
kilometers or 28,1 nautical miles), distance of the sea.
England is one of the countries that have a strategic location worldwide since
one thinks in Europe’s half, that is to say that there is this island positioned in a
point that has almost the same distance with the countries of the north of the
continent as well as also with those of the south, which is an enormous
advantage from the commercial thing, the military thing and the tourist thing.
England to the being an island is surrounded by 4 different seas: the sea of the
North, sea of Ireland, Atlantic Ocean and the channel of the Spot, in turn has
important ports in almost all the zones of the island for what the exit to these
seas facilitates to him the export of the products that take place there.
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England has a moderate climate, with abundant rains all the year round, though
the seasons are very variable of temperature. Nevertheless, the temperatures
strange go down below-5 ° C (23 ° F) or over 30 ° C (86 ° F). The predominant
wind is of the southwest, with what the moderate and humid climate to England
regularly from the Atlantic Ocean. It is drier in the East and hotter in the south,
which is more near the European continent. The snowfalls can happen in winter
and spring, though it is not so common out of the high areas.
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England is the territory most
extensive and more filled with the
United Kingdom. Lived by Celtic
peoples from the 5th century
B.C., England was colonized by
the Romans between 43 A.D. and
beginning of the 5th century.
From then there began the
invasion of a series of Germanic
peoples (Anglos, Saxons and
judos) that were expelling the
Celts, partially Romanized,
towards Wales, Scotland,
Cornwall and the French Brittany.
In the 10th century, after resisting a
series of assaults Viking’s, England
was unified politically. After the
ascension of Jacobo VI of Scotland to
the throne of England in 1603 and the
annexation of Scotland for England in
1707 turns out to be less appropriate
to separate the history of England
from that of the rest of the United
Kingdom.
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The Bank of England, founded in
1694 by the Scotch banker William
Paterson, is the central bank of the
United Kingdom. From his
foundation it acted as a bank
deprived for the Government of
England and continued with this
role for the Government of the
United Kingdom, until it was
stylized in 1946. It has in addition
the monopoly in the emission of
tickets for England and Wales of the official currency of England and of the
whole United Kingdom, the pound sterling, though it does not have this
monopoly in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where some banks have right to
issue his own tickets. The industrialization is very high in England, though from
the year 1970 there has been a decrease of the traditional heavy industry and
of the manufacturing sectors, on the other hand of an increasing emphasis
towards the sectors of services. In addition, the tourism has turned into key
factor inside the English economy, which attracts million visitors annually.
The principal English exports are
the pharmacists, the cars, the oil
extracted from the English part of
the sea of the North as a whole
with Wytch Farm, the aeronautical
engines and the alcoholic drinks.
Another important part of the
economy is the agriculture, which
in England is intense and highly
mechanized, producing 60 % of
the food needs with only 2 % of
the labor force. Two thirds of the agricultural production is dedicated to the
cattle, whereas another third is dedicated to the culture.
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The pound sterling (pound
sterling in English) is the
currency of the United Kingdom
as well as of the Dependences
of the Crown and of some
Ultramarine British Territories. In
his other colonial territories
different currencies are used but
fixed to the sterling: the
Gibraltarian pound, it frees
malvinense and frees of Holy
Elena. His monetary symbol is £ and comes from the Latin frees, that was
referring to the unit of mass. A pound divides in hundred pence’s.
It is used
especially in
formal contexts
and also when it is
necessary to
distinguish the
currency that is
used in the United
Kingdom of those
who are in use in
other countries
and that they have
the same name.
After the adoption of the Euro for several countries, the pound turned into the
most ancient currency of the world still into use, and nowadays it has the
biggest third portion of reserve currencies worldwide, after the American dollar
and the Euro. The pound sterling is the fourth currency most exchanged in the
international market of exchange behind the dollar, the Euro and the Japanese
yen.
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Authority of the Great London
Town hall of London, The Great
London enjoys certain autonomy,
consists of the Assembly of
London and the Mayor of London
who is chosen directly. The
Assembly was created on July 3,
2000 after the Referendum for the
Independence of London of 1998
in which 72 % of the voters
approved the creation of the
Authority of the Great London
(and it was including the creation
of the assembly and the mayoralty)
The Great London divides in 32 neighborhoods with his respective advices that
depend on the Authority of the Great London.
This one supervises some functions as recounted to the transport, policeman or
firemen. It is not necessary to confuse the Mayor of the Great London with the
mayor's post of London, a post today practically honorific of the city of London.
The Mayor of London is a mayor of the Great London, territory with a population
of more than 7.5 million inhabitants, whereas the City of London is alone a small
part of the current city of London with a population of less than 10.000
inhabitants.
The first Mayor of London was Ken Livingstone, reelected in 2004. The second
and current he is the member of the conservative party Boris Johnson, chosen
in 2008. There exists also a London political party, the One London, with
representation in the assembly during the years 2005-08. It is a euro skeptic
party with roots in the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) and in the
VERITAS.
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Former Regional Assemblies,
After there be approving the
returns of Scotland, Northern
Ireland and Wales and when the
same thing did not happen in
England, planned a series of
referendums to establish regional
assemblies in England. The first
one was in London in 1998 and
was approved there being created
the Assembly of London and the
Authority of the Great London in
the year 2000. In the region
northwest of England there was other one in 2004 but there was declined the
offer of creation of an assembly. The plans for new referendums in other
regions were cancelled and eight regional assemblies were abolished in 2010,
happening the majority of his functions to the agency of regional development
and to Local Authority Leaders ' Board.
Cornualles the nationalists of
Cornwall think that his region is a
nation and not a county of England.
For them the Duchy of Cornwall has
a status that awards major autonomy.
Both the nationalistic party of
Cornwall known as Mebyon Ker now
and five members of parliament for
the Democratic Liberal party
Englishman are opposed to forming a
part of the Regional Assembly of the
Southeast of England together with
the regions of Devon, Dorset,
Gloucestershire, Somerset and
Wiltshire and they would prefer an assembly cornuallesa democratically
chosen.
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The Politics of England
constitutes a most of the
politics of the United
Kingdom, since England is
more populated than the rest
of united conditions. Also it is
the biggest in geographical
terms, which does that his
relation with the United
Kingdom is different
somehow from that of
Scotland, Wales or Northern
Ireland. The capital of
England, London is also the
capital of the United
Kingdom and the
Englishman is the dominant
language of the United
Kingdom (not officially but yes of fact).
Dicey and Morris (p26) gives us a list of the different conditions of the British
islands " England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Man's Island, Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark … they are different conditions in the sense of
the private International Law, though none of them is a condition for the
international Public law. " But this can change according to the statute that has.
Traditionally the authors were referring to the State of England and Wales as
"England" though this use is turning in politically unacceptable in last decades.
The Parliament of the United Kingdom is in London, like his Public
Administration, the HM Treasury and the majority of the official residences of
the monarchy. In addition, the central bank of the United Kingdom is known as
the Bank of England.
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The Church of England (in
English: The Church of
England) is the Christian
church officially recognized in
England, and acts as "mother"
and " the first antiquity " of the
Anglican Communion. It is
also church - member founder
of Provo’s Communion, and
origin of the Anglicanism.
The Church of England differs
specially for taking as a
principal inheritance his extent of criterion and his liberality, for it nowadays, his
beliefs and practices differ increasingly neither from the Anglo-Catholics, who
continue accentuating the liturgy and the sacraments, and not the services
centered on the sermon, nor those where testimonies of life join neither to the
evangelical way nor less those own meetings of quickness of charismatic and
Pentecostals.
The spiritual head of the Church
of England is the Archbishop of
Canterbury, who is in addition A
Bishop Given priority of the whole
England and Metropolitan of the
Province of Canterbury. It is also
an area of unit for the Anglican
Communion, world brotherhood of
national and regional independent
churches that recognize him like
first between his couples. The
Most reverend Rowan Williams
has served as Archbishop of
Canterbury from 2002. For your
part, the British monarch
(nowadays Isabel II), shows the
constitutional title of "Supreme Governor of the Church of England ".
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The system of
education Englishman
is obligatory from five
years (the Foundation
Stage) up to the 16
(Key Stage 4). After it,
there is a
complementary school
(up to 19 years) and
finally, the university
education or of
additional
education(professorships, masters, etc).
The school year begins in September and is divided in three or six terms, each
of them of between 7 and 13 weeks. The colleges close two weeks in
December (for the Christmas) and also fifteen days in The Holy Week (March or
April). The academic year finishes in July and the vacations are for six weeks.
The institutions that offer services for the smallest are called Nursery Schools,
where they represent from the 2 at the age of 5, being obligatory only last year.
The financing can be public or private. Also they can find the Infant Classes,
which are integrated to the primary schools. Every division is realized by the
age of the pupil and is called Foundation Stage.
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For that they are 5
years old there is
taught them the
beginning of the
reading, of the writing
and of the arithmetic,
as base for the
primary school. Every
lounge possesses
different "corners"
(corners or corners)
where there are
diverse activities
according to his
tastes. The primary
education is up to
eleven years and
Primary is divided in
two key stages, understood in 2 (6 and 7-year-old pupils) and 4 years (pupils
from 7 to 11 years), called. They are evaluated constant, nevertheless, when it
finishes the academic year of a stage they must spend an examination in
specific areas: 7 years after Englishman and mathematics and 11 years besides
this two, have a third party on sciences. Besides these three subjects there is
taught them language, design and technology, computer science, history,
geography, art, music, Physical and religious education. These are given by the
class teachers.
The secondary education fulfils once finished the key stage 2 (it is to say, at the
age of 11) and to develop up to 16 years. Also it is obligatory. The Key stage 3
subdivides in three courses: year 7, year 8 and year 9. It is taught: Englishman,
mathematics, design, music, communication, technology, geography, foreign
language, citizenship and physical education. According to the school they can
be given also: sexual education and religion, according to the decision of the
parents.
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There is the
second secondary
school,
complementary
call, from the 16 at
the age of 19, with
diverse options,
orientated in his
professional
decision. They
can accede to the
top formations, as
the university.
This education is
not obligatory.
They are known
as Further Education and divide in Sixth Form College and Further education
College. It has as aim form the pupils in the sector that they want to work or to
continue studying.
As soon as it finishes this stage, one accedes to the top or University education
(from 18 or 19 years). For it, it is necessary to possess a title of the Sixth Form
College. Depending on the career it is possible to accede to the University for
the System Bachelor, for the adults and they include careers as infirmary,
science, textile design, accounting, construction and technology.
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The first examples
known about art in
England are the
prehistoric rocks and the
works of art in caves,
emphasized overcoat in
Yorkshire's north,
Northumberland And
Cumbria, but also typical
more in the southern
part, for Example, in Creswell Crags. With the arrival of the Roman culture in
the 1st century, several forms of art that were using statues, busts, windows
and mosaics as general norm. There are numerous objects that survive, as
those of Lullingstone and Aldborough.
During the High Middle
Ages the style was
characterizing for crossings
esculpidas and ivories,
manuscripts, painting,
jeweler's shop of gold and
enamel, which
demonstrates the love to the
dense one, to the
interwoven designs. Some of
these works Englishman and Gael mix the styles, as the Gospels and
Lindisfarne Vespasiano Psalter.
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The music folkloric of
England has centuries of
antiquity and has
contributed to the formation
of several kinds, since it is
shanties, jigs, hornpipes
and music of dance. It has
his own variations and
particularities according to
the region. Wynkyn de
Worde's ballads on Robin
Hood of the 16th century are
very important, as The Dancing Master de John Playford and the collection of
Roxburghe de Robert's ballads Harley. Some of the most known songs are The
Good Old Way, Pastime with good company, Maggie May y Spanish Ladies
between others. Many infantile songs are of origin Englishman, as Twinkle
Twinkle Little Star, Roses ploughs network, Jack and Jill, Here We Go Round
the Mulberry Bush and Humpty Dumpty.
Some of the first
composers of
classic music
were artists of
the Renaissance
as Thomas
Tallis William
Byrd, followed
by Henry Purcell
in the baroque.
There was a
clear influncia of
the renaissance
in the profile of the composers of England of the 20th century with Edward
Elgar, Gustav Holst, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Frederick Delius and others.
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The jig is a happy
dance folkloric, of
origin probably
Englishman (jig),
in that one or two
soloists realize
rapid, jumped and
very complex
steps.
Beside being very
established in the
Irish tradition, the
jigs were very
popular in Scotland and England from 1500 until 1600. Related to the modern
dances of clogs of England, they were used often in the theatre. The English jig
that is danced on two pipes of clay (I) (sweep) crossed, it looks like greatly the
dance of Gillie Callum's sword of Scotland. The jig was adopted in France in the
court of Luis XIV, where it turned into a more quiet dance of pairs. In Johann
Sebastian Bach's baroque suite, the jig is the final movement. The term refers
also to any tune of quadrille in time of jig and to any dance established (a
quadrille for a group of pairs) with a tune of jig.
The Dance Morris is
realized by a group
of dancers who
execute intense
choreographies
using instruments
as: swords,
Handkerchiefs,
bells and sticks.
Though also they can
do without these.
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Buses in England
The buses are in
all the cities of
England with
diverse lines and
routes that cover
the most important
zones of the city,
being able to be
urban and
suburban. In turn,
the buses unify his
urban and
suburban routes
with the lines of trains. Also there are buses that realize long distances and that
come to several peoples and cities of England and the United Kingdom.
Meter in England The
meter is a way of very
useful transport, but not all
the cities possess one.
Those who have it are
London, Newcastle,
Liverpool and Glasgow.
On the other hand, the
cities of Glasgow, Cardiff,
Manchester, Liverpool and
Birmingham have a
system of streetcars.
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Trains in England The
trains are also an
important way of
transport in England,
since in all his extension
it crosses the biggest
and important cities of
the country. His rates are
comfortable enough and
offer notable promotions
with the tickets of several
days of duration without
having to spend a lot of money. The national network of trains (National Rail)
covers in his route to the principal cities in the United Kingdom, which they
depart from London.
Taxis in England the
taxis are in all the
cities, and generally
they are slightly
costly. It is used to
leave something of
gratuity and there
can be surcharges
for holiday days,
excess luggage, pets
and night trips.
The Underground or Meter of London
is a railway electrical network of public
transport that works so much above
like below land in the whole area of
the Great London. It is the most
ancient system of transport of this type
of the world.
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In the characteristics of the flora and
the fauna of England it is necessary
to to clarify that him fundamental
factor for the development of the
species so much vegetable as
animals, for the different conditions
of area the Highlands and Lowlands
there are different ecosystems where
they predominate over the moderate
forests, the marshes and marshes.
Some of the species typical of
England regarding his flora are an
oak, the elm and the haya, it is said
that before in the British Isla there
was a great quantity of forests where
they were predominating over these
species, but in the year 2000 after an
alarming study it was found that alone he was remaining a 10 % of the heritage
of flora, as I conclude the reasons it is the over-excited felling and the growth of
the cities.
The fauna in the United
Kingdom is also very
varied they are
characterized by the
presence of some
mammals as: foxes,
rabbits, deer and
hedgehogs, but neither
the reptiles nor the
amphibians abound,
also the species of birds
are very important since
in England 230 different species have revealed themselves, though also they
are threatened by the British custom of the hunt, this way like also with the
destruction of the ecosystems where they reside.
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FISH AND CHIPS Is a plate of very popular
snack food in England. The plate consists of
fish of different types (especially cod and
hake) muffled with flour and egg accompanied
from fried potatoes to that one is in the habit of
adding salt and vinegar.
SUNDAY ROASTC called like that because it
is typical to take it every Sunday consists of
roast of different meats (pork, veal ó lamb)
accompanied of roast potatoes, York shire
pudding (as an empty vol-au-vent), sausages
and vegetables of season all this watered with
a thick sauce done with onion and the juice of
the meat
BANGERS AND MASH Is sausages with mash
of potato. The sausages can be several types
and the mash of potato is natural. To this plate
also sauce is added gravy
This is a classic to the English cuisine, a
spectacular Christmas cake soaked nuts filling
in brandy, with a dark mass, tender, with a hint
of spices taste very Anglo-Saxon.
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England is one of the countries with
the best system of health worldwide
due to the fact that most of his
inhabitants has access to services
of health of high quality.
England all with 2 systems of health, l public system
(NHS) and private health. And it is the only place in the
world where the nurses (seize) they can prescribe
medicines and he invests a total of 8.4 % of his income.
The National System of Health (NHS) takes charge of
the public British health.
The services that it
provides include
hospitals, family doctors,
specialists, dentists,
pharmacists, optical and
ambulances.
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The British
Crown is a
monarchic
institution of
the
constitutional
type, which
holder, the
British or
Sovereign
Monarch, is
the chief of
State of the
United
Kingdom and
of the British
territories of
overseas. The British monarch is also the chief of State of other fifteen
countries, each of which formed at some
time part of the British Empire - these,
together with the United Kingdom, they
are known as the Kingdoms of the British
Union of Nations. The British current
monarchy can mend his ancient lineage
to the Anglo-Saxon period and, finally,
more behind to the kings of the Anglos.
During the 9th century, Wessex was
done by other kingdoms in England,
specially as result of the extinction of
lines rivals in the country during the first
Age of the Viking’s and also the Turks, by
the 10th century, England remained
consolidated under an alone kingdom.
The crowns English and Scotch were
joined in the person of an alone monarch
about 1603, when Jacobo VI of Scotland
and I of England he acceded to the
throne. The kingdoms of Scotland and
England were joined in the Record of Union of 1707 to constitute the Kingdom
of Great Britain.
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The power of the
monarchy, known as
the royal prerogative,
continue being very
wide. Many of them
the monarch does not
exercise personally, it
is done by the
secretaries who act
under his will.
Example of the
aforesaid thing
constitutes it the
power to regulate the
civil service and the
power to send
passports. The own
monarch exercises
some major power
nominally, operating
under advice the
Prime minister and the Office of the United Kingdom, and in conformity with the
constitutional convention. An example is the power to dissolve to the
Parliament. In agreement with a parliamentary report, 1 " The Crown cannot
create new power prerrogativos ".
It has been found for enough time, in the constitution not codified of the United
Kingdom, that the political power is exercised in last instance by the Parliament,
inside which the sovereign one is not a component partial, together with the
Chamber of the Lores and the Chamber of the Common ones, as well as for the
Prime minister and the Office. Thus, since the British modern monarchy is
constitutional, the paper of the sovereign one in the practice is limited to
functions not partial (as that of being a source of honor).
The current sovereign one is the queen Isabel II, who has reigned from
February 6, 1952. The expectant heir is his first-born, the prince Carlos, Prince
of Wales and Duke of Rothesay. The Prince of Wales takes charge of several
ceremonial public functions, since it is done by the husband of the queen, the
prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. There are other members of the Royal Family,
besides the already mentioned ones, including other children, grandsons and
cousins of the queen
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Justification
The previous work was realized in order to know the English culture to know
detailed his social, political, economic and cultural aspects.
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Bibliography
http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/Sistema-Salud-En-
Inglaterra/1491156.html
http://www.google.com.co/search?q=monarquia+inglesa
http://www.trabajaringlaterra.es/sanidad-england.htm
http://blogosferathermomix.es/thermomixporelmundo
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School Mercedario san Pedro Nolasco
Paula pineda
Eleventh grade
2013
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