EnglandEngland

GeographyGeography

CoolCool WetWet Many Harbors Many Harbors

and Rivers and Rivers (Trading)(Trading)

Many Many Resources, Resources, (oil, iron, (oil, iron, minerals)minerals)

Early BritainEarly Britain

Norman invasionsNorman invasions Made up of small Made up of small

kingdoms of Anglos kingdoms of Anglos and Saxonsand Saxons

Constantly faced Constantly faced Viking invaders in Viking invaders in early middle agesearly middle ages

Used to be part of Used to be part of Roman Empire Roman Empire (Catholic)(Catholic)

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror Duke of Normandy Duke of Normandy

(France)(France) As former King’s As former King’s

cousin, claimed cousin, claimed England was rightfully England was rightfully hishis

Challenged by other Challenged by other nobles, mainly Harold nobles, mainly Harold GodwinsonGodwinson

Battle of Hastings- 1066Battle of Hastings- 1066

William fights William fights nobles and defeats nobles and defeats them, claiming all them, claiming all of England for of England for himselfhimself

United England United England under one ruler under one ruler FeudalismFeudalism

THE DOMESDAY BOOKWilliam the Conqueror centralizes his power• forces all nobles to pledge loyalty to him • creates a Domesday book * census of all people & property in England

* more efficient, centralized tax system• over time, the French speaking Norman nobles culture blends with Anglo Saxon

Expansion of Kings PowerExpansion of Kings Power

King Henry IIKing Henry II

How did Henry II increase Royal Authority? How did Henry II increase Royal Authority?

created treasure to collect taxes, fines,etc.created treasure to collect taxes, fines,etc.sent traveling justices to enforce royal lawsent traveling justices to enforce royal law

these decisions became the basis of these decisions became the basis of common law- law that is the same for all common law- law that is the same for all

peoplepeopledeveloped early jury system (grand jury)developed early jury system (grand jury)

John IJohn I•Greedy, cruel, untrustworthy ruler

•Lost a war and land in northern France

•Conflict with Pope Innocent II over selection of Archbishop of Canterbury

•Pope interdicts all England until John gives in

•Raises taxes without consulting nobles

The Magna Carta - 1215

“The King is not above the law”

The Nobles react to John’s abuses of power

In 1215 , barons corner John at Runnymede He is forced to sign the Great Charter Magna Carta

It asserted the king must obey the law

Nobles must be consulted (no taxation without representation)Asserted legal rights which over time extend to all

This is an example of a This is an example of a constitutional monarchyconstitutional monarchy

(King is limited in power) (King is limited in power)

Magna Carta- 1215

Limited Power of King

Created Parliament

The Model ParliamentEnglish rulers consulted the Great

Council or Parliament to approve money for wars.

Edward I wanted to war against France

He wanted support from all groupsHe created an upper house (lords, clergy)He created a lower house (knights, townspeople)

Evolved into House of Lords and House of Commons (Parliament)

100 Years War 1337- 1453

-Britain and France fight over heir to French throne

-Britain's believe their King Edward III is rightful heir since he is Former French Kin Phillip’s grandson

-- Joan of Arc

-Britain eventually loses yet rivalry between two countries will continue for hundreds of years (Colonies in America)

I’m Henry I’m Henry VIIIVIII

Henry VIII- 1527

-He wanted to divorce his wife because she was not giving him a son

-But there is a problem?

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Created Church of Created Church of EnglandEngland

Act of Act of SupremacySupremacy King King is more powerful is more powerful than churchthan church

Converted Converted England to England to ProtestantsProtestants

Elizabeth I

-Henry’ son Edward was to young to rule and his daughter Mary was catholic and brought Catholicism back to England

When she dies Elizabeth, the daughter from mistress Ann Boleyn, restores Protestantism in England (law)

Was able to make reforms to please Catholics and protestants created Anglican Church

Under Elizabeth I….. 1558-1603 (born in 1523)

Was Renaissance period where writers like Shakespeare and arts flourished

Began colonies in America

England defeats Spanish Armada (war with Spain and Phillip II)

Created huge debt to England

Elizabeth dies without an Elizabeth dies without an heir so...heir so...

Parliament asks Stuart Parliament asks Stuart family to rulefamily to rule

King of Scotland- James IKing of Scotland- James I

Tudors vs Stuarts

The Protestant Tudor Monarchs (Henry VIII, Elizabeth) had always consulted ParliamentElizabeth died unmarried, no children

The Stuarts were asked to rule

They were Catholic They believed in Divine RightThey behaved like Absolute Monarchs

James IAgreed to rule by English laws, customsBegan to lecture Parliament about Divine Right of Kings

Dissolved Parliament when it refused to give him money for courts and wars

Created King James Bible but rejected Puritan Protestant demands for fewer Catholic religious practices

He imprisoned foes without trial

Charles I

Behaves like his father Absolute monarchDivine Right

Signs, and ignores Petition of Right (1628) (prohibits raising taxes without consent of Parliament or imprisoning without cause)Dissolves Parliament for 11 Years.

Charles I finally summons Parliament -This conflict leads to Civil War

WAR!!!!

Parliament and the Roundheads (Puritans) led by Oliver Cromwell

Versus Charles I and the King’s Cavaliers. Who wins? ? ?

English Civil War 1642-49

King Charles I Cavaliers attackleaders of Parliament who escape. Oliver Cromwell heads the Puritan Roundhead Army and his military leadership defeats the Kings forces Charles I - an absolute monarch - is executed!!

11stst time in history a King time in history a King was publicly executedwas publicly executed

Now who rules England?

Cromwell tries to rule England as a common-wealth for a decade (more like mil. dictatorship)

Puritan Rule: No theater, sporting events, dancing (all were sins)

Colonized Ireland

Cromwell dies, the Stuarts are asked back to power (the Stuart Restoration)

People did not like Puritan ways

Parliament Brings Charles II Parliament Brings Charles II into powerinto power

Charles II passes Habeas Charles II passes Habeas CorpusCorpus

One cannot be put in jail with without charges

Can’t be held without trail

Kings cannot imprison anyone without reason

After Charles II, brother After Charles II, brother James II takes power James II takes power

The Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights 1688-89

James II behaves like an absolute monarch…

- dissolves parliament- Very Catholic and shows

favoritism to Catholics

What will parliament do? Will they allow him to rule this way?

James flees to France (Glorious Revolution)

It is glorious because it was bloodless!

Glorious Revolution

Parliament invites William and Mary to become rulers,

tell James II to leave

William of Orange and MaryWilliam of Orange and Mary

William was prince of the Netherlands

Mary was James II oldest daughter but was protestant

William and MaryWilliam and Mary

William and Mary agree to sign the Bill of Rights (1688) limiting their power and recognizing Parliament’s supremacy

English Bill of Rights

English Bill of Rights- Parliament is superior to King

Reforms in the 20th CenturyReforms in the 20th Century

1911: 1911: Parliament’s House of Lords’ Parliament’s House of Lords’

power is severely power is severely restricted; House of Commons is restricted; House of Commons is now Supreme.now Supreme.

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE:WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE:

1918:1918: Women over 30 may voteWomen over 30 may vote

1928:1928: Women Over 21 may voteWomen Over 21 may vote

England TodayEngland Today

Parliamentary DemocracyParliamentary Democracy

BICAMERAL BICAMERAL

LEGISLATURELEGISLATURE

1.1. HOUSE OF LORDSHOUSE OF LORDS

2.2. HOUSE OF HOUSE OF COMMONS*COMMONS*

* Supreme Power* Supreme Power

Limited MonarchyLimited Monarchy

1.1. The Prime Minister The Prime Minister is not directly is not directly elected - s/he is elected - s/he is the head of the the head of the majority party in majority party in the House of Com-the House of Com-mons.mons.

2.2. The Queen is only The Queen is only a figurehead a figurehead (ceremonial)(ceremonial)