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Transcript of Engineers of Tomorrow
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Jo
Allrighmean
appro
rnalClub,
sreserved.s,withoutthriaterepro
t
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I
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II
WORDFROM
EDITING
AND
TECHNICAL
TEAM
Inaconstantlychangingworldofscienceandtechnologyoneshouldbeatparwiththepaceofchange.
JamesGauchesk(18571938)
Wellinthelightoffactsthatweareinatechnicalcollegethismagazineisourattempttoprovethesameandbringforward the innovative/ crazy (as some people use synonym for innovative ideas) and Journal club isjust amedium.Ihopepeopleofthecampuswillloveor(atleastappreciate)ourefforttoinstitutescientificthinkingaswellaswritingamongus.Iwould liketo thankSWD forshowingthetrust inusandgivingusachancetoproveourselves,alsoPresidentAbhinayTejaandGen.Sec.SaiSuryaforsupportingusthroughoutthisinitiativeandtacklingallthehindrancesinourpathsthusmakingourjourneyandexperienceasmoothone.Iwouldsincerelyliketothankstudentswhocontributedarticlesforthismagazineandhavesetalevelthatisquiteappreciableregardingthefirstmagazinebutstillhave lotsofscopetogoto(i.e.tothe levelofaBITSIAN),alsoIwould thankmy technical team tobemorally there,and the reporting teamwhose realchallengesare innearfuture(notthatIamtryingtoscarethemaway)Ijusthopethatinfuturewewillseemoreparticipationfromstudentsandthesameenthusiasmandsupportfromourpeersforustoconstantlyimprovethismagazineandgoon..
AnkushChoudhary2009C6PS615H
HeadEditorialteam,JournalClub
Well I would like to thank SWD and SU for giving us an opportunity to prove ourselves and supported usthroughoutthismagazine.Iwouldliketopraisemytechnicalteamformarveloussupportandenthusiasmandjusthopethattheycarrythisforwardinourlongjourneyahead,withoutthemthismagazinewouldneverhavebeencompletedontime.Iwouldalso liketoaskstudentstocome forward fortechnicaldesigningand Iamsuremyteamwillhelpthemlearnsothattheycanbeofuseinfuturefortheclubaswellastheygettolearnsomethingnew.
ArshdeepSinghTakkar2009B3AA514H
HeadTechnicalteam,JournalClub
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IwouldliketothankSUandSWDforgivinguschancetoproveourselvesandbeingsosupportive.Iwouldalsoliketothanksmyreportingteamwhowenttoeachandeverylectureandtriedtomatchthelevelofthelecturebeingconducted.Ihopethatinfutureitwillbeeasyforustopendownthatknowledgeforsharingwithothers.
KedarApsingekar2009A3PS052H
HeadReportingTeam,JournalClub
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1
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NEWTWhyinterpre
Newton
formula
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publish
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the "NE
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ByAnkuscontradict
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epeat thahappen t
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l
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Thus 2
jeopard
Newton
disappr
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3
.
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ROADTOPS1
ByAtharavGupta([email protected])
Whats PS1 all about? Why the hell are we
doing itwhen friends from other colleges are
havingagreatgalatime?Probablythesewillbe
the questions in the minds of 2009 batch
students.PS1 is an excellent opportunity to
improveyour resume,makingnew friendsand
contacts,learningfromyoupeersfromGoaand
Pilani Campuses, enhancing your
communicationskillsandexploringnewplaces
.Its the first step towards theprofessional life
and this often turns out to be a really great
experience.
As you will be aware PS1 is 50 days long
program.Thefirst15daysisallaboutadjusting
toyourworkplace.During thisperiodyoullbe
busy with orientation, interaction and project
allocation. If PS1 station is not in your
hometownthenyoullbeahavingatoughtime
arranging for food and accommodation .Then
comeswhatBITSisknownfor.Youwouldhave
guessed it. Yes, its Quiz1.You cannot escape
the tests even at the PS1.Quiz1 is a very
general testand all youneed is to cram the
history ,objectives and additional features of
yourPS1station .Thebest way toprepare is
from the organization website and the
orientationprogram.
Nowthis isthetimewhenstudentsatsomeof
thePS1stationswillbecomeextremelychoosy
invisitingthecentre.Itsallaboutmatching
your time of visit with that of an instructor
.While,studentsatotherPS1willbehavinga
toughtimeinstartingupwiththeprojectwork.
Someof thePS1 stationsprovide really great
projects. Theseprojectswillbeexcitingandwill
be a huge asset for your resume. What you
must understand is that PS is a distinctive
featureofBITSbrandname?Theywillbeusing
it as one of their strengthswhile cajoling the
industries for campus recruitments.Therefore,
its very important to do your project work
diligently.
Also you ll be having a great learning
experience from Group Discussions and
Seminars.Therewillbe2GDsintotalandyoull
beprovidedwitha listofprobable topics .The
reportisveryimportantcomponentandcarries
a lot ofweightage. Therewill be 2 reports in
total and seminars corresponding to each. In
report1youllneedtoincludedetailsaboutthe
organization and compilation of the project
workdoneuntilthattime.While,report 2will
bemoreprojectorientedandshouldincludeall
thedetailsoftheprojectworkdoneatthePS1
station. Inseminarsweneedtopresentonthe
project and details included in the report.
Seminarsare followedbyquestionandanswer
sessionandthismaybeattendedbythepeople
at organization. Quiz2 is also there which
includes the questions about the project .It
wouldbe bettertolistentotheseminar1of
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5
your peers or go through their slides while
preparing for Quiz2 because Quiz 2 also
include thequestions on projectwork of your
peersalso.So,thiswasallabouttheevaluation
componentofyourPS1.
Apart from theevaluationPS1addsagreater
value toyourexperienceatBITS.Take itasan
opportunity formaking good friends, contacts
andexploringnewplaces.Interactasmuchas
you can with your peers. Learn about their
future plans, the electives they have taken or
areplanning todo, theirculturaland technical
fest and the trends of placements and higher
education in their campuses. Do take your
projectseriouslyasthisaddstoyourresumeas
already mention .This also helps to earn
recommendations from theorganizationwhich
may be beneficial while applying for higher
education.
BESTOFLUCK!!!
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Scientific community
is yet to come to a
general consensus as
to what to name his
model. There are so
many variations!
Watermelon model,
Plum Pudding Model,Cherry Pie Model, it
might even be named
Badam Halwa Model
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meticu
from
Formumome
the su
could
chapte
using
formul
thus w
myster
Youd
giving
the bi
the op
micro
the su
world
scienti
their
Schrod
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Princisimult
and v
compl
Now
U
come
lously th
aying,
las for caltum, just
n, for an
you ask
. Solve
Bohrs
as ingrain
passed o
y of the at
think hi
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picture.
osite. Yo
level, an
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of subsh
ts presen
discoveri
inger and
me of H
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ncertainty m
bout? Do
t you ca
rbit: it
ulating raabout eve
electron.
for? Th
about 20
heory a
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m was so
her studi
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But ironi
learn to
almost p
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isenberg
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What
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7
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BPHC
8
discovered. In spite of being initially
incredulous, I have developed a
fascination with Quantum Theory. Ithink teachers ought to accept and award
marks for whatever answer we give
regarding this topic becausehey, its
unpredictable so anything goes!
Quantum Theory will continue to
tantalize our minds for a long time tocome and there will be no solace until we
get to the bottom of it.
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Poka
conce
manu
Shige
errors
produ(pron
comes
yoke
and
inad
yoke
avoid
somet
some
Howe
politic
LIT
oke isa
ptdevelo
acturing
Shingo
from
ction liunced
from tw
u whic
poka
ertent e
more or
inginadv
Po
imesrefe
people
er, thi
ally corr
RAT
qualitym
pedbya
engine
to prev
occurrin
e. Ppohkah
o Japane
means
whic
rors.
less tr
rtenterr
ka
rredto i
as foo
does
ect if
RER
anageme
Matsushi
r nam
nt hum
in t
oka Yoyohkay
sewords
to avoid
mea
hus, po
nslates
ors.
oke
English
lproofing
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pplied
EVIE
nt
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mployees
quivalent
rror avo
ke mista
peration
opular.
T
oke is to
ct, it is
omponen
uality C
oal of
efective
P
onceptth
plement
hat peo
revent e
nd not
structioneirjob.
yusingsi
gs,gadge
stems,
eople fr
ven if th
nown as
sually to
KAY
, so
used
idance.
keproofi
have li
emaino
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s of
ntrol (Z
which is
roducts.
ka yoke
anaproc
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rors in t
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poka yo
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Jo
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Other v
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bjective
erodefe
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govern
they can
heir wor
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theyshisimple
ctslikefi
gdevices
like to
itting mi
These
ke devic
e machi
rnal Club
BPHC
English
was
ariants
ilsafe
ecome
fpoke
ts. In
many
Zero
, the
minate
of a
hus,its
d by
do to
kplace,
ystep
ulddo
ented
xtures,
,paper
revent
stakes,
bjects,
s, are
e and
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BPHC10
alert the operator if something is
about togowrong. PokeYokejust
needs common sense and the
appropriatepokayokedevice.
Poka Yoke devices should
havethefollowingcharacteristics:
Useablebyallworkers Simpletoinstall Does not require continuous
attention from the operator
(ideally,itshouldworkevenif
the operator is
notawareofit)
Lowcost Provides
instantaneous
feedback,
prevention,
or
correction.
Of course,
errorproofing can be
achieved by extensive
automation and computerization.
However,thisapproachisexpensive
and complicated, and may not be
practical for small operations.
Besides, it defeats the original
purpose of poka yoke, which is to
reduce the defects from mistakes
through the simplest and lowest
costmannerpossible.
Pokayokeisatitsbestwhen
it prevents mistakes, not when it
merelycatchesthem. Sincehuman
errors usually stem from people
whogetdistracted,tired,confused,
or demotivated, a good poka yoke
solution is one that requires no
attentionfromtheoperator. Sucha
poka yoke device will prevent the
occurrence of mistake even if the
operatorlosesfocus.
Examples of attentionfree Poka
Yokesolutions:
I. A jig thatprevents a part from
being disoriented
duringloading.
II. Nonsymmetricalscrew hole locations
that would prevent a
plate from being
screwed down
incorrectly.
III.Electrical plugsthat can only be inserted
intothecorrectoutlets.
IV. Notches on boards thatonly allow correct
insertion into edge
connectors.
V. A fliptype cover over abutton that will prevent
the button from being
accidentallypressed
Goodpokayoke
solutionisone
thatrequiresno
attentionfrom
theoperator.
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MET
Thre
A.
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Imp
Anal
Proo
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ffective).
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ightyou
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elps to
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BPHC1
)times
cause.
hy is
ptom.
whys
t the
again
use is
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sis
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nation.
stions
What
appen
en?&
athas
What
ocess?
ed? &
Data
1
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BPHC12
Factbasedproblemsolving
thatswhatrootcauseanalysisisall
about. To get facts, collect data
from the process or create data
related to the process. Once data
have been collected, there are a
number of simple methods to
analyzedatausinggraphicaldisplay
techniques. Datadisplay tools turn
thedata intopicturesandapicture
of what has happened often leads
totherootcause.
FailureAnalysis
Techniquesforcollectingdata
from failure analysis include
reviewing physical evidence (much
like crime scene investigation),
special testing, accelerated testing,
and finite element analysis. You
might need special tools or
techniques to review the physical
evidence(Eg.Microscopyto lookat
abreaksurface). Usewelldesigned
and easy to use data collection
forms. Good detective skills can
turn interviews into effective data
collectionevents. Oneof themost
powerful,butalsomostunderused,
data collection tools is a
concentrationdiagram.
Simulations
Simulations can be used to
collect data using computer
modelling software, pilotplant
experimentation, and if need be,
experimentation using the actual
process itself. With the proper
model,acomputercouldhelppoint
the way to the root cause. Or it
might be pilotplant trials or
experimentation using the real
processthatgeneratesthedatathat
leadstotherootcause. Inanycase,
ifyoucanrecreatetheproblem,you
aremoreapttofindtherootcause.
StatisticalAnalysis
While data display methods
areusuallyeasiertouse,sometimes
a statistical analysis technique is
needed to wring the real meaning
outofthedata. SPCcontrolcharts
willactivelysignalaproblemwitha
process. Correlationandregression
analysis and multivariate analysis
may be needed to make sense of
thedata.
TheRootCauseQuestion
Onceyouthinkyouareatthe
rootcause,takeastepbackandask
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BPHC13
yourself the root cause question
Does this cause explain all that is
known aboutwhat the problem is,
as well as all that is known about
what the problem isnt? This is
really a twopart question: make
sure the rootcause found fitsboth
the is and the isnt sections of
the question. If the cause being
testeddoesntfitboth,thenitis
probablynottherootcause.
Idiotproofdesign
Another method to avoid
mistakes is todesign items so that
they can only be assembled in a
certainway. Theycallthisanidiot
proof design because it does not
take much intelligence to put the
partstogether.
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SEN
PS StNadu
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14
-
8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
20/46
Journal Club
BPHC
15
opportunity to augment hisknowledgeat thisparticularpracticeschool station (extremelyuseful forthe students frommechanical, EEE,ECE, E&I, Computer Science). Mystayatkalpakkamwasforabouttwomonthswhich included visits to thevarious nuclear reactors and laterworked fora smallpartofaprojectunder the guidanceofanextremelyexperienced scientist. During ourvisitstothedifferentplacesatIGCARwewere exposed to the challengesbeing faced in developing the latestreactorsandwealsobecameawareabout where our nation stands inthisarena.Ihaveworkedforthe
Department of Instrumentation atIGCAR. My project was titled'Advanced Shutdown systems.During the period of twomonths Ihad togo througha lotof literaturepertainingtothetopicandlaterapplyitpractically.Myprojectwastosimulate the circuit and show theresults.Wereceivedalotofhelpandsupport fromextremelyexperiencedscientific officers. It was reallyhelpfulandwealsoget toknowthepractical applications of what westudyasapartofourcurriculum.
Ifeelthatthiscentrewillbehighly helpful to the students whoare interested in research in theirrespectivefields/disciplines.
-
8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
21/46
NANOTstudyin
level.It
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6
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8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
22/46
In the
muscles
involvin
actuato
change
certain
artificial
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properti
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oxide
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atment.
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7
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8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
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JournalClubBPHC
18
However, PZT ribbons cannot withstandstretching operation modes due to theirbrittle nature. Breathing, as for instance,requires that the material to be flexible aswell
as
stretchable
also.
The
research
team,
therefore, has been looking forward toovercome this difficulty by fashioning thepiezoelectric ribbons into wavy shapes andintegrating them into stretchable siliconerubber so that the composite material canwithstandlargeamountsofelasticstrain.
There are many other research fields intowhich researchersareputtingup theirminds
to develop challenging materials for humanwelfare. Some of them are performanceanalysis of thermoelectric materials usingnanocomposite approach, low systemictoxicity
cancer
therapy,
novel
nano
characterization technique for interpretingnanomaterials, nanoscopic pattern ofnonplanar surfaces, fabrication of graphenedevices, discovering electric motor from asingle molecule, using carbon nanotubes atCMOSwaferstageandmanymore.
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8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
24/46
Jus
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tel
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-
8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
25/46
We
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-
8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
26/46
yfr
o choc
s writi
told
riendsous t
b
olates,
refer
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ani
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head
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for
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have
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e an
oost
1
-
8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
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Journal Club
BPHC
22
your health than fruit,
and also dubbed it as the
latest super food. It hasbeen reported that
chocolates contain more
healthy plant compounds
and antioxidants, gram-
for-gram, than fruit juice
and provides far morenutritional goodness than
food
experts had
previously
thought.
The
scientists
have based
their
findings on
a
comparison of cocoa
powder, the raw
ingredient of chocolate,
with powders made from
fruits like acai berries,
blueberries, cranberries
and pomegranates. Going
deeper into the method
used by the researchers,
analysis of the fruit
powders demonstrated
that the antioxidant
capacity of cocoa powder
was significantly greater
than blueberry,
cranberry, and
pomegranate powder on aper gram basis. The total
polyphenol
content of
cocoa powder
appeared to be
greater than
acai,
blueberry, and
cranberry
powder. The
polyphenol
and flavones
are heartfriendly molecules and
reduce the aging process
of an individual. They are
also associated with
numerous health benefits
including the stimulation
of nitric oxide synthase,
The polyphenol andflavones are heart friendlymolecules and reduce theaging process of anindividual
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Journal Club
BPHC
23
improving blood flow
and arterial elasticity,
decreasing blood
pressure and platelet
aggregation, and having
anti-inflammatory
actions This discovery
means cocoa beans meet
the nutritional criteria
needed for fruits to beclassed as super fruits.
So next time when you
come across a super
yummy dark chocolate,
without sensing the
feeling of guilt stuff
yourself with it and have
the contentment of
getting healthier and
healthier!
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JournalClubBPHC
24
HOLOGRAPHY:By- Kedar Apsingekar
Im sorry, my responses are limited...you must ask the right questions.
This is what Dr. Lannings hologram says in the movie I-Robot. Since then I was
wondering how does a hologram work? lets have a quick overview on HOLOGRAPHY.
What is holography?
The technique that allows the light
scattered from an object to be recorded andlater reconstructed so that it appears as if
the object is in the same position relative
to the recording medium as it was when
recorded. The image changes as the
position and orientation of the viewing
system changes in exactly the same way as
if the object were still present, thus making
the recorded image (hologram)
appear three-dimensional.
Holography was invented in 1947 by the
Hungarian-British physicist Dennis
Gabor(for which he won a Nobel Prize
in Physics in 1971).
How It Works?
The Basics:
For recording a hologram for complex
objects, a laser beam is split into two
separate beams using a beam splitter of
half-silvered glass or a birefringent
material. One beam illuminates the object,
reflecting its image onto the recordingmedium as it scatters the beam. The
second (reference) beam illuminates the
recording medium directly. Each point on
the object acts as a point source of light
according to diffraction theory.
An interference pattern is formed as each
of these point sources interferes with
reference beam. The pattern resulting is
the sum of all point sources and the
reference beam interference patterns. In
the absence of the object, the holographic
plate is illuminated by the reference beam.
Each point-source diffraction grating will
part of the reference beam to reconstruct
the wavefront from its point source, these
individual wavefronts add together to
reconstruct the whole of the object beam.
The viewer perceives a wavefront that is
identical to the scattered wavefront of the
object illuminated by the reference beam,
so that it appears to the viewer that the
object is still in the place (i.e. virtual image
is generated ).The direction of the light
source seen illuminating the virtual image
is that of the original illuminating beam.
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8/7/2019 Engineers of Tomorrow
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Math
Consid
magnet
system.
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5
-
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Roby Anshul
Sounds
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34/46
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9
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Journal Club
BPHC
30
Solar cells are made from variety of
semiconductor materials and coated with
special additives. The most widely used
material for various type of fabrication is
crystalline silicon. A typical silicon cell, with a
diameter of 4 in., can produce more than one
watt dc electrical power in full sun. Individual
solar cells are packaged into standard
modules that protect the cell from the
environment while providing useful voltages
and currents.
PV modules are extremely reliable because
they are solid state and no moving parts.Silicon PV cells manufactured today can
provide over 40 years of useful service life. PV
system is cost effective and viable solution to
supply electricity for locations off the
conventional electrical grid. PV is used from
very small items such as calculators and
watches to large installations for electric
utilities.
Energy storage:
Solar energy is non-dispatchable energytechnology that only captures energy during
daylight hours. Some kind of energy storage is
thus required to make energy available during
non-sunny periods. Energy storage can take a
number of forms, most commonly
electrochemical energy storage through
batteries, compressed air, pumped hydro
storage, hydrogen and thermal mass.
There are two primary challenges in using
solar power: amount of sunlight and cost ofequipment. The amount of sunlight a location
receives "varies greatly depending on
geographical location, time of day, season and
clouds. The southwestern United States is one
of the world's best areas for sunlight . Globally,
other areas receiving very high solar
intensities include developing nations in Asia,
Africa and Latin America.
Solar energy technologies have made huge
technological and cost improvements, but are
still more expensive than traditional energy
sources. Conventionally generated electricity
ranges between 5 and 18 cents per kilowatt
hour but in most places it's below 10 cents,
according to the Energy Information Agency.
Solar thermal costs around 15 to 17 cents a
kilowatt hour. Another factor limiting thewidespread adoption of solar energy is
availability. A 1,200-megawatt (MW) solar
facility is not a direct replacement for a 1,200-
MW coal-fired power plant. Present solar
equipment will eventually pay for itself in 2 to 5
years depending on how much sun a particular
location receives. Then the user will have a
virtually free energy source until the end of the
equipment's working life. Future improvements
are projected to decrease the payback time to
1 to 3 years.
The best way of lowering the cost of solar
energyis to improve the cell's efficiency.
Modifications in semiconductor materials and
structure increase the efficiency of photovoltaic
cells, while advances in thermal transfer
materials, storage technologies and turbine
efficiency improve the performance of solar
thermal. As the scientists and researchers
push the envelope of solar-cell efficiency, a
maximum of 37% is achieved.As the price of
solar power lowersand that of conventionalfuels rises, solar energy will remain an
excellent energy option, long after the
momentary fossil fuel model fades into smoke.
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Sciendevel
forcesThis fresea
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31
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Journal Club
BPHC
32
intermolecular forces to predict
these changes in crystal
structure?"
Korter's lab is one of only a handful
of university-based research labs inthe world exploring the potential of
THz radiation for chemical andpharmaceutical
applications. THz lightwaves exist in theregion between
infrared radiation and
microwaves and offerthe unique advantagesof being non-harmful
to people and able tosafely pass through
many kinds ofmaterials. THz can also
be used to identify thechemical signatures of
a wide range of
substances. Korter hasused THz to identify
the chemical ofsignatures of molecules
ranging fromimprovised explosives
and drug componentsto the building blocks
of DNA.
Korter's new research
combines THzexperiments with new
computational models thataccurately account for the effects
of the London dispersion forces topredict crystal structures of various
substances. London forces are one
of several types of intermolecular
forces that cause molecules to sticktogether and form solids.
Environmental changes(temperature, humidity, light)impact the forces in ways that can
cause the crystal structure to
change. Korter'sresearch team
compares thecomputer models withthe THz experiments
and uses the results torefine and improve thetheoretical models.
"We have
demonstrated how touse THz to directly
visualize thesechemical interactions,"
Korter says. "The
ultimate goal is to usethese THz signatures to
develop theoreticalmodels that take into
account the role ofthese weak forces to
predict the crystalstructures of
pharmaceuticals before
they are identifiedthrough
experimentation."
A National Science FoundationEarly Career Development
(CAREER) Award funds Korter'sresearch.
Timothy Korter has
developed a way to
use very low
frequency light
waves to study the
weak forces (London
dispersion forces)
that hold molecules
together in a crystal.
This fundamental
research could be
applied to solve
critical problems in
drug research,
manufacturing and
quality control.
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ACS
for g
Steph
This cis s
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(Au
= gre
The
monochemi
and sto a p
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N = blue
shown).
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The firscarbony
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33
l
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Journal Club
BPHC
34
Dias' group in 1996 have been
stable enough to isolate and
structurally characterize.
Now, there are two new isolable
Au(CO) complexes. Dias and co-workers prepared one from a gold
imidazolylidene treated withAgSbF6 and CO; they prepared the
other using a reduced form of theligand (Chem. Commun., DOI:10.1039/c1cc10622h). Dias notes
that his group is also finishing work
on the first stable gold carbonylphosphine complex as well.
Among the complexes' notablefeatures are unusually high CO
infrared stretching frequencies,which are higher than that of freeCO. Dias speculates that this
property is the result in part of theelectrostatic effect of the cationic
gold centre and a strong
AuCObonding interaction with low Au
CO back-bonding.
These gold complexes "are
remarkable for several reasons,"comments Hubert Schmidbaur of
Germany's Technical University ofMunich, who is an expert in goldchemistry. "The carbenes with their
bulky substituents not only provide
steric protection of the otherwise
highly sensitive AuC
O unit, theyexert an electronic effect that leads
to a surprisingly stable AuCObond." These results show onceagain that N-heterocyclic carbenes
perform as "magic ligands" for
gold(I), Schmidbaur says; theyhave recently been used to
stabilize elusive complexescontaining AuH, AuF and AuOH.
"Gold(I) carbene complexes are acurrent focus of research inhomogeneous catalysis,"
Schmidbaur adds, "thus the newcomplexes may become convenient
sources for new catalyst systems,because CO can readily and cleanly
be displaced by other substrates."
Dias' research with gold and -
accepting ligands such as N-heterocyclic carbenes is "lovely
work," adds John P. Fackler Jr., agold specialist at Texas A&M
University. "This may lead to amuch better understanding of
epoxide formation, not onlypropylene oxide with gold, but
ethylene oxide with silver."
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BPHC
36
server computers and user PCs which is also
calledasdistributedcomputingframework.
In thecurrentcomputingworld, to implement
an Information System for an organization or
business,weneedtohaveadatacenterwhich
containsdataandapplicationsoftwarerunning
on server operating systems and web servers
that can process huge volumes of data in a
shortspanoftime.Thedataprocessedbythese
serverscanbeconsumedfrommultiplesource
systems which are located within the
organization and also external to the
organization such as vendor and third party
companiesthatprovidetheservices.
Some of the Information System applications
are Financial and Account Management
applications, HR Management, Material
Management systems for a production based
organizationetc.
Inthiscomputerage, it isnotanexaggeration,
if it is said that the information systemworks
more or less as a nervous system for any
organization. Inanybranchofsciencemostof
the activities are computeraided or
computerized.ComputerSciencetakes itsown
pride in formation of various information
systemsacrosstheworld.
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CA
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7
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Journal Club
BPHC
38
motor and disengaging the starter drive.
When the starter isnot inuse, thedrive
unit is retracted so that its pinion is
disengagedfromtheflywheel.
Assoonasthestarterisactivated,
the forward movement of the solenoid
plungercausestheshiftyoketomovethe
driveintheoppositedirectionandengage
thepinionandtheflywheel. Thepinionis
lockedtoitsshaftbyaclutchthatunlocks
if the engine starts up and the flywheel
begins turning the pinion faster than its
normal
speed.
Byallowingthepiniontospinfreelyfora
moment, the clutch protects the motor
fromdamageuntilthedriveisretracted.
The engine should start instantaneously.
But an electric current alone cannot set
the crankshaft inmotion since itbears a
huge amount of pressure created in the
combustionchambers. Thestartermotor
usestheelectriccurrentproducedbythe
battery and then performs its t