Engineering Thermodynamics (I)Statistical Thermodynamics considers quantum mechanical description...
Transcript of Engineering Thermodynamics (I)Statistical Thermodynamics considers quantum mechanical description...
Engineering Thermodynamics (I)
Spring, 2016
Assoc. Prof., Dr. Yonghua HUANG
Office Hour: Fri 15:30 to 16:30 PM in ME-A435 Other time: Email for appointment; Phone: 34206295
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Example: Global CO2 Production/~Fossil Fuel Consumption
Global energy demand by type (billion tonnes of oil equivalent)
Source: World Energy Outlook 2009. © OECD/IEA 2009, page 622 and pages 196-197;
Energy Challenge
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Two experiments
Volume changing? Mass? Density? Pressure? Work?
Energy?
Liquid nitrogen? Why liquid? Temperature? T-V relation
of gaseous air? Property? Cold? Warm? Heat Transfer?
Volume changing? Work? Thermal Energy<->Work?
What comes to your mind?
Startup (transient) – steady? Volume changing? Work
output? Electricity? Continuous runningcycle? Energy
conversion? Combustion?
Friction? Efficiency? Why high temperature?
Experiment #2
Experiment #1
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Which course study these subjects?
System
Working substance
Properties
Energy
Work
Energy Mechanical work
Efficiency
Cycle
Energy quality….
Th
erm
od
yn
am
ics
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What is thermodynamics?
Wikipedia: Thermodynamics is the science of energy
conversion involving heat and other forms of energy, most
notably mechanical work.
Our: Thermodynamics = therme(heat) + dynamis(power)
• natural extension of the “mechanical world dynamics” to applications
involving temperature effects.
• Science and engineering on most efficient conversion of energy and heat
into useful work recognizing we have finite resources (total energy) at
our disposal; Impact on environment (soil, water, air-local, state, country,
earth)and society.
This course : basic concepts + laws + fluid property +
fundamental process +cycles + applications.
Thermodynamics: Promising career growth opportunities!!!!
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Do you know these faces?
James Watt, Scottish (1/19 1736 –8/25 1819)
James Joule, English (12/24 1818 –10/11 1889)
Sadi Carnot, French (6/1 1796 –8/24 1832)
“Father of thermodynamics"
Rudolf Clausius, German (2/2 1822 –8/24 1888)
“entropy”
William Thomson, English (6/27 1824 –12/17 1907)
1st & 2nd law, Kelvin
Walther Nernst, German (6/25 1864 –11/18 1941)
3rd law
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Do you know these faces?
Joseph Keenan, American (8/24 1900 –7/17 1977)
“useful energy, steam properties “
Zoran Rant, Slovene (9/14 1904 –2/12 1972)
“exergy and anergy"
Genius’ party
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Two Basic Approaches for Thermodynamic Analysis
Only four laws of thermodynamics: 0-3rd Law
Depth of knowledge required depends on the problem
Go from simple to more complex analysis(80/20 rule)
Classical Thermodynamics
does not require detailed knowledge of molecular structure to
describe a system
Statistical Thermodynamics
considers quantum mechanical description and behavior of
molecules
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Objectives of this Course
To provide a thorough understanding of the basic
concepts of classical thermodynamics
To apply the basic concepts of classical
thermodynamics to the solution of practical
problems
To develop the skills necessary for a systematic
approach to problem solving
Cultivate a strong work ethic
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BOOKS
TEXTBOOK: • Moran, Shapiro, Boettner, Bailey, Principles of Engineering
Thermodynamics (7th Ed., SI), John Wiley, 2012
• Moran, M.J. & Shapiro, H.N., Fundamentals of Engineering
Thermodynamics (6th Ed., SI), John Wiley, 2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
• Gengel Y.A., Boles M. A., Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach
5th Ed. McGraw-Hill, 2005
• 《工程热力学》第4版,童钧耕,高等教育出版社,2007-06,
ISBN 978-7-04-021447-5
• 《工程热力学学习辅导与习题解答》,童钧耕,高等教育出版社,
2008-03,ISBN 978-7-04-023618-7
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Visiting our website…
http://cc.sjtu.edu.cn search the course “Thermodynamics”
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What can we get from there?
Course policy…
Software tools:
and many documents for reading…
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What can we get from there?
Lecture slides…
Homework:
Solutions…
and videos, software, documents…
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Please read the assigned sections from the textbook before coming to class Lectures are meant for further insights and discussion I would like you all prepare your own hand written:
Lecture notes, equations, derivations ----- Solution to textbook problems SP & assigned textbook problems* Additional problems you may do on your own
*Copying homework directly from a friend or file or solution manual (or other such resource) will be considered cheating.
ASSIGNMENTS
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HOMEWORK
Must follow Problem Solution Format (in English)
2 - 4 problems every lecture, will be collected (on
Monday) and graded within a week. No late
homework accepted.
Solutions posted on the webpage: http://cc.sjtu.edu.cn ,
and also available from TA.
Ask questions at office time or by E-mail Discussion on what you have accomplished and where you got stuck
Solve additional problems from the textbook to
get solid practice for examinations
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Problem Solution Hints
(1) Given/Known/Problem Statement: State in your own
words
Helps you in formulating the problem –
• Change in total energy?
• Change in kinetic energy or potential energy?
• Energy balance in a closed (no mass transfer across the
system boundary) or open system?
• Rate of change of energy in a closed or open system?
• Do I need to calculate energy or work output or heat into
system?
• Do I have number of equations equal to number of unknowns?
• If not, what additional assumptions do I have to make?
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(3) A sketch of system and your control volume/mass.
Problem comprehension improved by drawing
(4) Do I need to make simplifying assumptions?
So that number of unknowns = # equations ---property relationships,
process equations and governing equations
(5) Relevant Equations from the book
(6) Solution (with units)
Approximately equally weighted numerical scoring for 1-6 items.
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Example
1kg Air 1kg Air
0.1MPa, 100˚C̊ 0.5MPa, 1000˚C̊
m
m
3
5 58.314 5 J/(mol K) 20.786 J/(mol K)
2 2
20.786 J/(mol K)718 J/(kg K)
28.9 10 kg/mol
V
VV
C R
Cc
M
718 J/(kg K) 1000 100 K 646.2 kJ/kgVu c T
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COURSE GRADING
Homework 20% Quizzes (3%*5)and Mid-term Examinations (15%) 30% Experiments 5% Open project and discussions 5% Final Examination 40%
All examinations, including the final, are closed book, except an equation sheet (single side of a A4 paper).
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CLASSROOM RULES
Common courtesy rules
Turn off/set to silent mode cell phones
Do not read any other material once lecture has
started
Class time is not for socializing, not for other
course homework, and sleeping
Questions are welcomed
Medical proof required to excuse you for
homework, or an exam